The Contemporary World - Chapter One (pdf)

Globalization

1. ORIGINS AND
HISTORY OF
GLOBALIZATION

2. One can trace the beginning of globalization
from our ancestors in Africa who walked out
from the said continent in the late Ice Age.
This long journey finally led them all known
continents today, roughly after 50,000years.
HARDWIRED

3. Chandra(2007) mentioned that commerce,
religion, politics, and warfare are the “urges” of
people toward a better life.
HARDWIRED

4. Trade
Missionary work
Adventures
Conquest
FOUR ASPECTS OF GLOBALIZATION

5. For some, globalization is a long-term
cyclical process and thus, finding its origin
will be a daunting task.
There is also the notion to suspect that this
point of globalization will soon disappear
and reappear.
CYCLES

6. Ritzer(2015) cited Therbon’s(2000) six great
epochs of globalization. These are also called
“waves” and each has its own origin.
EPOCH

7. Globalization of religion (fourth to seventh
centuries)
1.
European colonial conquests (late fifteen
century)
2.
Intra-European wars (late eighteen to early
nineteenth centuries)
3.
THE FOLLOWING ARE THE
SEQUENTIAL OCCURENCE OF THE
EPOCHS:

8. 4. Heyday of European imperialism (mid-
nineteenth century to 1918)
5. Post-World War II period
6. Post-Cold War period
THE FOLLOWING ARE THE
SEQUENTIAL OCCURENCE OF THE
EPOCHS:

9. Specific events are also considered as part of the
fourth view in explaining the origin of
globalization.
EVENTS

10. Roman conquests centuries before Christ
were its origin
EVENTS

11. Rampage of the armies of Genghis Khan into
Eastern Europe
EVENTS

12. Christopher Columbus’ discovery of
America in 1942
EVENTS

13. Vasco da Gama in Cape of Good Hope in
1498
EVENTS

14. Ferdinand Magellan’s completed
circumnavigation of the globe in 1522
EVENTS

15. First transatlantic telephone cable (1956)
EVENTS

16. Founding of the modern internet in 1988
EVENTS

17. Terrorist attacks on the Twin Towers in New
York(2001)
EVENTS

18. Three notable changes as the origin of globalization that we
know today.
BROADER, MORE RECENT CHANGES
The emergence of the United States as
the global power (post-World War II)

19. Three notable changes as the origin of globalization that we
know today.
BROADER, MORE RECENT CHANGES
The emergence of multinational corporations
(MNCs)

20. Three notable changes as the origin of globalization that we
know today.
BROADER, MORE RECENT CHANGES
The demise of the Soviet Union and the end
of the Cold War

21. GLOBAL DEMOGRAPHY
Demographic transition is a singular
historical period during which mortality and
fertility rates decline from high to low levels
in a particular country or region.

22. GLOBAL DEMOGRAPHY
Transition started in mid or late 1700s in
Europe. Death rates and fertility rates began
to decline. In some countries, the transition
began later.
After the 2nd World War, the baby boom in
the developing countries started as the
infant and mortality rates declined.

23. GLOBAL MIGRATION
The nuances of the movements of people
around the world can be seen through the
categories of migrants - “vagabonds” and
“tourists” (Bauman, 1998).

24. Vagabonds are on the move “because they
have to be” - they are not faring well in their
home countries and are force to move in
the hope that their circumstances will
improve (Ritzer, 2015).
GLOBAL MIGRATION

25. GLOBAL MIGRATION
Tourist are on the
move “because they
want to be and
because they can
afford it.

26. GLOBAL MIGRATION
Refugees are
vagabonds forced to
flee their home
countries due to
safety concerns
(Hadid, 2003).

27. GLOBAL MIGRATION
Asylum seekers are
refugees who seek to
remain in the
country to which
they flee.

28. Labor migration is
driven by “push” factors
(e.g., lack of employment
opportunities in home
countries), as well as
“pull” factors (work
available elsewhere).
GLOBAL MIGRATION

29. Diaspora has been
increasingly used to
describe migrant
communities.
GLOBAL MIGRATION

30. The term diaspora comes from an ancient
Greek word meaning "to scatter about."
And that's exactly what the people of a
diaspora do — they scatter from their
homeland to places across the globe,
spreading their culture as they go.
GLOBAL MIGRATION