The culture of medieval europe

WORLD HISTORY (medieval europe)

1. The Culture of Medieval Europe

2. Interest in Learning revives During the high middle ages, trade brought western Europeans into contact with the civilizations of the “BYZANTINE EMPIRE” and the Muslim world. Learning continues outside Christian Europe

3. Medieval universities develop In Europe, the rise of towns and the middle class encouraged the revival of learning. Townspeople had the money to support schools. Moreover, as a town’s population grew, so did the need for trained bankers, lawyers, doctors, and city officials.

4. Religion guides medieval thinking Best minds of middle ages studied the bible and the writings of important clergy. Some of the scholars wanted an answer to a question, so they turned to the bible and to church authorities. As the writings of ancient Greek philosophers and scientists began to circulate in western Europe, medieval thinkers faced a problem.

5. Thomas Aquinas (uh-KWY-nus)- The most brilliant Scholastic. - A member of the Dominican order of monks in the 13 th century. - Summa Theologica (1267- 1273), used Aristotle’s method of logic to examine and explain certain points in Church teachings. “ Both reason and Christian teachings came from God”.

6. Religion influences the medieval view of the universe They believed that God had created the world especially for human beings and had placed the earth in the center of the universe

7. Interest in science grows many ancient scientific works were translated into Latin in the High Middle Ages. They were brought into Western Europe along the translations of the works of Muslim scholars. Albertus Magnus (Albert the great ) - The greatest naturalist among medieval scholars. - The teacher of Thomas Aquinas at the universities in Paris and Cologne ( kuh -LOHN). - He wrote about geology, chemistry, botany and zoology. Roger Bacon (1214-1294) - An English Franciscan monk and philosopher -Studied Muslim writings on light rays, performed experiments in optics, and observed the light traveled faster than sound.

8. An ancient study that eventually grew into modern chemistry. some medieval scholars studied astrology and alchemy (AL- kuH - mee )

9. New Styles Develop in Medieval Art Despite the revival of learning, most people in the Middle Ages still could read or write. By the Middle Ages, Latin was no longer used in everyday speech even in Italy, French, Spanish, Italian, and Sumanian were local languages that grew out of latin . “BEOWULF’’- The oldest great literary work in vernacular language. -it was first written down in the early 8 th century in Anglo-Saxon. -One of the languages of England.

10. Vernacular Languages were also used by medieval poets who wrote short verses and songs on non- religious themes. Court Troubadours write of LOVE Dante Alighieri (DAHN- tay ah-lee-GYAY- ree ) - lives in Florence, Italy - The greatest poet of the Middle Ages -Wrote love poems to his beloved Beatrice . -(1265-1321)

11. Divine Comedy - A description of the poet’s journey through Hell, purgatory, and paradise, guided by the Roman poet Virgil. - The poem was written in medieval Italian and helped establish the vernacular as a literary language.

12. The Middle Ages Draws to a Close Famine and disease bring a drop in population In the late Middle Ages, Western Europe was burdened with economic problems. The millions of deaths among farm workers and artisans left farmlands and workshops idle. In 1381, John Ball and Wat Tyler led English peasants in revolt a revolt against new taxes.

13. England and France fight the Hundred Years’ War Hundred Years’ War (1337-1453) Continued on and off throughout of the 14 th century. It caused great suffering for the French peasants and towns people. Much valuable farmland was destroyed by marauding bands of soldiers. Edward III- An English king . - He was also the French king’s nephew and so tried to claim the French throne and acquire still more land in France.