the different models-of-communication on

Models of communication and its process

1. Communi
cation
Communi
cation
M
odels
M
odels
D
EPARTMENT OF
D
EPARTMENT OF
M
ASS Communication
M
ASS Communication
S
ONIA SIKAND
S
ONIA SIKAND
PGGCG-42PGGCG-42
CH
ANDIGARH
CH
ANDIGARH

2. I
ntroduction
•Communication, like most anything else,
can be studied in order to find out
exactly how it works.
•This can be done in real life situations or
it can be done on a more “academic”
level.
•This presentation will show you the three
most recognized and accepted models of
communication and how they work.

3. M
ODEL 1: CONTINUOUS
L
OOP MODEL
•This is the EARLIEST model of
communication that has been
presented and accepted by others who
study the field.
•It is also the SIMPLEST model (though
it might not look like it at first).
•It includes all of the basic parts/players
in the communication process.
•There are still a few problems, though!

4. Continuous
Loop Model

5. Continuous
Loop Model
CONTENT

6. Continuous
Loop Model
M
MESSAGE
CONTENT

7. Continuous
Loop Model
M
Channels
MESSAGE
CONTENT

8. Continuous
Loop Model
S
M
Channels
SENDER
MESSAGE
CONTENT

9. Continuous
Loop Model
S
M
Info
Source
Channels
SENDER
MESSAGE
CONTENT

10. Continuous
Loop Model
S
M
R
Info
Source
Channels
SENDER
MESSAGE
RECEIVER
CONTENT

11. Continuous
Loop Model
S
M
R
Info
Source
Channels
Break = diff. Message
received = confusion
SENDER
MESSAGE
RECEIVER
CONTENT

12. Continuous
Loop Model
S
M
R
F
Info
Source
Channels
Break = diff. Message
received = confusion
SENDER
MESSAGE
RECEIVER
FEEDBACK
CONTENT

13. Continuous
Loop Model
S
M
R
F
Info
Source
Channels
Break = diff. Message
received = confusion
SENDER
MESSAGE
RECEIVER
FEEDBACK
Break = diff info sent to
Sender = improper reactions
CONTENT

14. C
ONTINUOUS LOOP
•This model is based upon the
concept that language is a
system or a machine.
•In this machine, communication
acts as the “gears” for the
machine to work properly.
•Any breakdowns hurt efficiency!

15. C
ONTINUOUS LOOP
•While this is the EARLIEST model
of communication, it is not
known who the developer or the
creator of the model was.
•The only thing we know for sure
is that it was most-likely
developed in the 1920s or
1930s.

16. C
ONTINUOUS LOOP
•One of the flaws of the model is
that it assumes “continuous”
communication.
•There are times when we choose
to stop communicating.
•In other words, this is good on
paper, but it does not fit all
situations.

17. M
ODEL #2: SHANNON &
W
EAVER
•This model was created in 1949.
•It is not certain if this pair of
researchers had seen the
“Continuous Loop” model, but
they were probably at least
familiar with it.
•This model was designed to be
practical!

18. M
ODEL #2: SHANNON &
W
EAVER
•Just as the “Loop” model was
more “academic,” the Shannon &
Weaver Model is more “down-to-
earth.”
•The basis for this model was a
study of telephone conversations
over a very lengthy 2-year time.

19. M
ODEL #2: SHANNON &
W
EAVER
•The team studied only what they
deemed to be “important” or
“significant” calls of some length.
•Quick calls to a neighbor or a
store were not considered for the
study.
•The focus was on the
“mechanics” of the messages.

20. Shannon and Weaver Model
T
Transmitter = Phone

21. Shannon and Weaver Model
T R
Transmitter =
Phone
Receiver = Phone

22. Shannon and Weaver Model
S T R
Transmitter =
Phone
Receiver = Phone
Sender =
Info Source

23. Shannon and Weaver Model
S T R R
Sender = Info
Source
Transmitter =
Phone
Receiver = Phone

24. Shannon and Weaver Model
S T R RN
Sender = Info
Source
Transmitter =
Phone
Receiver = Phone
NOISE

25. Shannon and Weaver Model
S T R RN
Sender = Info
Source
Transmitter =
Phone
Receiver = Phone
NOISE
Static or Connection

26. Shannon and Weaver Model
S T R RN
Sender = Info
Source
Transmitter =
Phone
Receiver = Phone
NOISE
Static or Connection
Mental or Electronic

27. Shannon and Weaver Model
S T R RN
?
Sender = Info
Source
Transmitter =
Phone
Receiver = Phone
NOISE
Static or Connection
Mental or Electronic

28. Shannon and Weaver Model
S T R RN
?
Sender = Info
Source
Transmitter =
Phone
Receiver = Phone
Altered Message =
Confusion
NOISE
Static or Connection
Mental or Electronic

29. M
ODEL #3: BERLO’S “MODEL”
•This is the MOST RECENT model of
communication study.
•An exact date is not given for the
study, but it is believed to have been
completed in the late 1970s or the
early 1980s.
•This one is not designed to be
“academic” or “practical.” It is
designed to be “ALL-INCLUSIVE”

30. M
ODEL #3: BERLO’S “MODEL”
•Even with all of the good
things that this “model”
illustrates and tries to
describe, there is still
one little issue to
remember…

31. M
ODEL #3: BERLO’S “MODEL”
•IT’S NOT REALLY
EVEN A TRUE
MODEL IN THE
FIRST PLACE!

32. M
ODEL #3: BERLO’S “MODEL”
•It is NOT a model because it was
never actually tested.
•Berlo designed what he thought
would be the ideal system to
describe communication, but
never had a chance to put it to
the test in real life.

33. M
ODEL #3: BERLO’S “MODEL”
•Since it was never “field-
tested,” the “model”
that Berlo developed has
to take on a new title…

34. M
ODEL #3: BERLO’S “MODEL”
•IT HAS TO
BE CALLED A
“THEORY”

35. Be
rlo’s Listening Theory

36. Be
rlo’s Listening Theory
C
O
N
T
E
N
T

37. Be
rlo’s Listening Theory
C
O
N
T
E
N
T
C
O
D
E

38. Be
rlo’s Listening Theory
C
O
N
T
E
N
T
C
O
D
E
Sender:
Emotions
Knowledge
Background
Biases
Ability

39. Be
rlo’s Listening Theory
C
O
N
T
E
N
T
C
O
D
E
Sender:
Emotions
Knowledge
Background
Biases
Ability
Receiver:
Emotions
Knowledge
Background
Biases
Ability

40. THANK YOU