The earliest societies

classs 6(Landmark integrated social sciences)

1. The Earliest S ocieties

2. Do you know who this is.

3. Pre history The earliest period in history of humans, when they did not know how to read and write.

4. Life in Pre H istoric period H unter Gatherers Had to protect themselves from wild beast and predators. nomadic Lived in caves and primitive huts Stitched animal hides and barks for clothes. Used stone tools, sticks and bones.

5. STONE TOOLS The main tool used by early Humans were made of stone. It was used because it was easily available in nature. It was hard and could be shaped and sharpened to different shapes and sizes, depending on purpose. Due to the predominant use of stone tools, that age had been termed by archaeologists and historians as Stone Age.

6. Stone tools were extremely useful and were chopped for hunting animals, cutting meat, chopping trees, scraping skins and barks, and also for making tools from bones and sticks. They were used to clear forests and cut wood. The timber was used as firewood and to make houses and implements.

7. Three categories of Stone Tools Core Tools- were palm sized stones, which were used for pounding, smashing and throwing Flake tools- were specifically used for scrapping and slitting. Blade tools- were the early forms of knives that we use today .

8. Phases of Stone Age Palaeolithic Age (Old Stone Age) Mesolithic Age (Middle Stone Age) Neolithic Age (New Stone age )

9. The Paleolithic age began around 2 million years ago and ended about 12,000 years ago. Humans lived in caves near rivers and lakes. They hunted wild animals and gathered wild berries and fruits to sustain themselves.

10. The Paleolithic age has been further divided into three periods- Lower or early Paleolithic. Middle Paleolithic. Upper or late Paleolithic

11. Lower or early Palaeolithic The lower Paleolithic coincides with the first appearance of stone tools The climate during this era was extremely cold and many parts were covered with ice. Hence this period is also called the Ice Age.

12. Middle Palaeolithic The main tools used were scrapers and borers. They began to live in groups or tribes, developed cultural forms such as cave paintings, and rock art Began the practice of burying dead.

13. Upper or late Palaeolithic Last phase of Ice Age Climate became warmer Common tools were blades and burins, along with advanced darts and fishing hooks.

14. THE DISCOVERY OF FIRE

15. The Mesolithic Age It began around 12,000 years ago till about 10,000 years ago. They continued to live as hunter gatherers. The climate became warm and dry. They used more pointed tools called Microliths , which was fitted onto a spear or used as a barb on an arrow.

16. The Neolithic age It began around 10,000 years ago till about 4,000 years ago. In Neolithic Age, the life of early humans changed completely. They began to cultivate crops and domesticate animals. During this period, humans began to live in settlements. All of these developments are referred to as the Neolithic Revolution.

17. the pre historic humans lived in Natural caves and rock shelters. They often decorated these rocks and caves with beautiful paintings and engravings. Most of paintings represent different activities of their life such as hunting, tribal rituals and ceremonies. Art of pre historic period