The executive branch part 1

Executive Brance

1. The Executive Branch
The Presidency

2. The Executive Branch:
The Presidency
Qualifications

3. The Executive Branch:
The Presidency
Formal Qualifications:
•35 years old
•Natural Born Citizen
•U.S. resident for 14
years

4. The Executive Branch:
The Presidency
What is a natural born citizen?
•Anyone born inside the United States
•Any one born outside the United States, both of whose parents are
citizens of the U.S., as long as one parent has lived in the U.S.
•Any one born outside the United States, if one parent is a citizen
and lived in the U.S. for at least one year
•Any one born in a U.S. possession, if one parent is a citizen and
lived in the U.S. for at least one year
•Any one found in the U.S. under the age of five, whose parentage
cannot be determined, as long as proof of non-citizenship is not
provided by age 21
•Any one born outside the United States, if one parent is an alien and
as long as the other parent is a citizen of the U.S. who lived in the
U.S. for at least five years (with military and diplomatic service
included in this time)

5. The Executive Branch:
The Presidency
“Informal”
Qualifications:
•All have shared similar
characteristics
 White males
 Protestant
 British ancestry
 most attended college
(only 9 did not)
 had careers as
lawyers (22 of 42)
President John Adams

6. The Executive Branch:
The Presidency
“Informal”
Qualifications:
–Evidence of change
1.) 1960: JFK became 1
st

Catholic President
2.) 1984: Dem. party
nominated Geraldine
Ferraro as the first
Vice-Presidential
candidate

7. The Executive Branch:
The Presidency
“Informal”
Qualifications:
–Evidence of Change
cont.
3.) 1988: Jesse Jackson
became the first African
American to come in a
close second in the
race for the Democratic
Presidential nomination

8. The Executive Branch:
The Presidency
Salary and Benefits

9. The Executive Branch:
The Presidency
History of Salary:
Position Salary
President  
 1789 $25,000
 1873 50,000
 1909 75,000
 1949 100,000
 1969 200,000
 2001 400,000

10. The Executive Branch:
The Presidency
Benefits:
•Receives $50,000/year for expenses and up to
$100,000/year for travel
•Salary cannot be changed during term
•Free lodging at the White House and Camp David

11. The Executive Branch:
The Presidency
Benefits:
•President and family receives finest medical care
possible and personal protection (secret service)

12. The Executive Branch:
The Presidency
Benefits:
•President has plane (Air Force One) and a personal helicopter
(Marine One) at his disposal

13. The Executive Branch:
The Presidency
Elections and Terms of
Office

14. The Executive Branch:
The Presidency
Elections:
•Elections held every 4 years
•President elected by an electoral college
•Candidate with most electoral votes wins the election

15. The Executive Branch:
The Presidency
Term of Office:
•4 years = 1 presidential
term
•Constitution originally
placed no limit on number
of Presidential terms
•George Washington
established a tradition
when he stepped down
after 2 terms

16. The Executive Branch:
The Presidency
Term of Office:
•1940: FDR became the 1
st

President to not step
down after 2
nd
term – was
elected 4 times
•1951: 22
nd
Amendment
added to Constitution
Limits President to 2
consecutive terms

17. The Executive Branch:
The Presidency
Presidential Succession

18. The Executive Branch:
The Presidency
Presidential Succession:
•1841: William Henry Harrison became 1
st
President to die while
in office
•Vice President John Tyler set a tradition by declaring himself
President
1967: 25th Amendment turned tradition into law; says if
Presidency is vacant, the VP becomes President and then
appoints a new VP

19. The Executive Branch:
The Presidency
•Since ratified, 25
th
Amendment has been used 3
times:
1.) 1973: VP Spiro Agnew resigned; Pres. Nixon replaced
him with Gerald Ford
2.) 1974: Pres. Nixon resigned and Gerald Ford became
President
3.) 1985: Pres. Reagan was shot and during surgery VP
George Bush became president for 8 hours

20. The Executive Branch:
The Presidency
•8 U.S. Presidents have died while in office:

21. The Executive Branch:
The Presidency
Presidential Succession:
•1947: Congress passed the Presidential Succession Act
which indicates the order of succession to the
Presidency

22. The Executive Branch:
The Presidency
•The Vice President
•Speaker of the House
•President pro tempore of the Senate
•Secretary of State
•Secretary of the Treasury
•Secretary of Defense
•Attorney General
•Secretary of the Interior
•Secretary of Agriculture
•Secretary of Commerce
•Secretary of Labor
•Secretary of Health and Human Services
•Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
•Secretary of Transportation
•Secretary of Energy
•Secretary of Education
•Secretary of Veterans Affairs
•Secretary of Homeland Security
Line of Succession:

23. The Executive Branch:
The Presidency
Presidential Roles

24. The Executive Branch:
The Presidency
•7 Major Roles of the President
1.) Chief Executive
Carries out the nation’s laws
Issues Executive Orders (rule or command the
President issues that has the force of law; usually
during time of crisis)
Appoints cabinet members, ambassadors, judges, heads
of govt. agencies

25. The Executive Branch:
The Presidency
2.) Chief Diplomat
Responsible for making treaties with other countries with
Senate approval
Meets with foreign leaders
Can make Executive Agreements with leaders of other
countries
Has the force of law but does not require Senate
approval
Responsible for appointing ambassadors with Senate
approval
An official representative of a country’s government

26. The Executive Branch:
The Presidency
3.) Commander in Chief
–President is final authority over all military matters
oFounding Fathers believed in civilian control over the
military; person elected by the people has final say over
all military matters
–President can use military in times of war or peace
1957: President Eisenhower sent Federal
Troops into Little Rock, Arkansas when
attempts to integrate public schools led to
violence between locals and police

27. The Executive Branch
The Presidency
3.) Commander in Chief , cont..
President Barrack Obama
with his Joint Chiefs of Staff

28. The Executive Branch
The Presidency
3.) Commander in Chief, cont..
–Stretching of this power by former Presidents
has led to legislation limiting the President’s
power over the military
President Truman sent
troops to fight in Korean
War, but we never declared
War (1950-53)
Presidents Eisenhower,
Kennedy, Johnson, and Nixon
sent troops to Vietnam,
but we never declared war (1954-75)

29. The Executive Branch
The Presidency
3.) Commander in Chief, cont….
–1973: War Powers Act passed by Congress
President must notify Congress when troops
sent
anywhere
Troops must be brought home after 60 days
unless
Congress declares war, or gives approval for
troops to stay

30. The Executive Branch
The Presidency
4.) Political Party Leader
–Supports party members in election campaigns
and
helps unify the party
–Appoints members of party to key govt. jobs
President Bush confers w/ Republican
members of Congress

31. The Executive Branch
The Presidency
5.) Legislative Leader
–Proposes legislation and uses many tactics to get
the bill passed
–Prepares the federal budget
–Approves or vetoes legislation

32. The Executive Branch
The Presidency
6.) Judicial Leader
–Appoints judges to Federal Courts and the U.S.
Supreme Court
Appoints Justices whose point of view is similar to
their
own
President Obama announces Mrs. Sonia Sotomayor as his nominee to the Supreme Court

33. The Executive Branch
The Presidency
6.) Judicial Leader, cont…
• Can issue pardons, reprieves and amnesty to
those convicted of federal crimes:
 Pardon – declaration of forgiveness and freedom
from punishment
 Reprieve – an order to delay a person’s punishment
until a higher court can rule on the case (usually
death sentence
 Commutation – substitutes a less severe punishment
for the one originally imposed by the court
 Amnesty – same as a pardon; applies to a group of
people rather than an individual

34. The Executive Branch
The Presidency
456 total pardons. Over 100
on the day before he left office
President Carter gave amnesty
to all Vietnam draft dodgers who
fled to Canada

35. The Executive Branch
The Presidency
7.) Chief of State
–Role is symbolic – President is representing
people from all 50 states
–Gives a human face to American govt.
–Can be demonstrated in many ways
Greeting heroes
Throwing first pitches at baseball games
Inviting musicians to perform at White House
Attending funeral of another country’s leader,
or past Presidents of U.S.
Speeches and ceremonies

36. The Executive Branch
The Presidency- Chief of State
President and First Lady
at Pope’s funeral and at
former President Reagan’s
funeral

37. The Executive Branch
The Presidency
The Vice President

38. The Executive Branch
The Presidency – Vice President
•Qualifications
Same as the President

•Duties and Responsibilities
Serves as President of the Senate (only
Constitutional duty)
President delegates out many responsibilities to
VP:
Taking part in Presidential Cabinet meeting
Helping with Diplomatic relations with other
countries
Advising and helping President make important
decisions

39. The Executive Branch
The Presidency – Vice President
Vice President’s Duties and Responsibilities

40. The Executive Branch
The Presidency – Vice President
•Salary and Benefits
$198,000/year
Receives $10,000/year for expenses
Benefits similar to President’s
Free Residence
Large Staff
Variety of personal services – Secret
Service protection

41. The Executive Branch
The Presidency – Vice President
•Elections and Terms of Office
Original procedure for electing a VP was:
- Electoral college members in each state voted
for 2 candidates for President – candidate with
most votes became President and runner up
became the VP
After tie of 1800, procedure changed
12
th
Amendment: electoral college votes for
president and VP on separate ballots
VP term of office is not limited (although no VP
has ever served more than two terms)