The Falkland War and the entire description

chronological explanation of falkland war

1. THE FALKLAND WAR Belligerents : UK vs Argentina Duration : 2 nd Apr – 14 Jun 1982(74 Days) Loc : Falkland Islands, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Result : British Victory 1

2. AIM To Analyze The Falkland War and To Derive Lessons From It 2

3. SCOPE 3

4. TOPOGRAPHY An Archipelago in The South Atlantic 480 km East of South America’s Patagonian Coast Land Area – 12000 sq km Coastline – 1300 km Capital – Stanley Population – 1847 in 1982 4

5. TOPOGRAPHY Comprises of East Falkland, West Falkland and 776 Smaller Islands Predominantly Mountainous and Hilly Except Depressed Plains of Lafonia Two Islands Seperated by Falkland Sound Climate – Cold, Windy, Humid Temp between -11 deg to 21 deg Celsius 5

6. BACKGRD 6

7. ORBAT ANALYSIS UK ARGENTINA Army: 3 Commando Brigade (Royal Marines) 5 Infantry Brigade (2nd Battalion, Parachute Regiment, and Gurkhas) 42 Commando, Royal Marines 2nd Battalion, The Parachute Regiment 3rd Battalion, The Parachute Regiment 1st Battalion, The Scots Guards 1st Battalion, The Welsh Guards 1st Battalion, The Coldstream Guards Army: 3rd Infantry Brigade (3rd, 4th, and 12th Infantry Regiments) 5th Infantry Brigade (6th, 7th, and 25th Infantry Regiments) 6th Infantry Brigade (8th, 9th, and 10th Infantry Regiments) 10th Mechanized Infantry Brigade (Battalion, Armored Cavalry Squadron, Artillery Group, and Engineers Company) 25th Infantry Regiment (airborne) Commandos Company 7

8. ORBAT ANALYSIS UK ARGENTINA Royal Navy: 2 aircraft carriers (HMS Invincible, HMS Hermes) 2 destroyers (HMS Antrim, HMS Glamorgan ) 3 frigates (HMS Arrow, HMS Alacrity, HMS Avenger) 7 submarines (HMS Conqueror, HMS Churchill, HMS Courageous, HMS Valiant, HMS Spartan, HMS Splendid, HMS Sovereign) 14 landing ships 8 support vessels Navy: 1 aircraft carrier (ARA Veinticinco de Mayo) 3 destroyers (ARA Santisima Trinidad, ARA Hercules, ARA Santisima Cruz) 5 submarines (ARA Santa Fe, ARA San Luis, ARA Salta, ARA Santiago del Estero, ARA Santa Cruz) 6 frigates (ARA General Belgrano , ARA Almirante Brown, ARA Drummond, ARA Bouchard, ARA Guerrico , ARA Spiro) 9 patrol boats 8

9. ORBAT ANALYSIS UK ARGENTINA Royal Air Force: 22 Sea Harrier fighter aircraft 34 Harrier GR3 ground attack aircraft 7 Vulcan bombers 6 Nimrod maritime patrol aircraft 3 Hercules transport aircraft 10 Chinook helicopters 18 Wessex helicopters 2 Lynx helicopters Air Force: 5 Mirage III fighter squadrons (A-4 Skyhawk) 4 Dagger fighter squadrons (A-4 Skyhawk) 1 Pucará ground-attack squadron 1 Canberra bomber squadron 1 FMA IA-58 Pucará squadron 9

10. ORBAT ANALYSIS UK ARGENTINA Overall: 27,000 troops 90 aircraft 127 naval vessels. Overall: 22,000 troops 80 aircraft 25 naval vessels . 10

11. OUTBREAK OF CONFLICT 11

12. OPERATION ROSARIO 12 2 April 1982 Argentine forces mounted amphibious landings The British governor ordered a ceasefire and surrendered

13. OPERATION ROSARIO 13 British Marines Surrendered to Argentine Forces

14. OPERATION GEORGIAS 14

15. OPERATION GEORGIAS 15 Argentine Helicopter Shot Down by Brtish Forces

16. INITIAL BRITISH RESPONSE 16 British War Cabinet Meeting US President Ronald Regan

17. UN SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION 502 “ Deeply disturbed at reports of an invasion on 2 April 1982 by armed forces of Argentina Determining that there exists a breach of the peace in the region of the Falkland Islands ( Islas Malvinas ), Demands an immediate cessation of hostilities Demands an immediate withdrawal of all Argentine forces from the Falkland Islands ( Islas Malvinas) Calls on the Governments of Argentina and the United Kingdom to seek a diplomatic solution to their differences and to respect fully the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations.” 17

18. ARGENTINE OCCUPATION Brigadier General Mario Benjamin Menendez 18

19. CHRONICLE OF WAR 19

20. BRITISH TASK FORCE 127 ships 43 Royal Navy vessels 22 Royal Fleet Auxiliary ships 62 merchant ships 20

21. OPERATION PARAQUET subsidiary of the main Operation Corporate Argentine force lost one submarine and a total of 190 men, surrendered without resistance 21

22. OPERATION BLACK BUCK 22

23. OPERATION BLACK BUCK Mission Target Date Notes Black Buck 1 Port Stanley Airport runway 30 April–1 May Performed Black Buck 2 Port Stanley Airport runway 3–4 May Performed Black Buck 3 Port Stanley Airport runway 13 May Cancelled before takeoff due to weather conditions Black Buck 4 Anti-aircraft radar 28 May Cancelled 5 hours into flight, due to a fault in the Victor fleet Black Buck 5 Anti-aircraft radar 31 May Performed Black Buck 6 Anti-aircraft radar 3 June Performed Black Buck 7 Port Stanley Airport stores and aircraft 12 June Performed 23

24. SINKING OF ARA GENERAL BELGRANO ARA GENERAL BELGRANO Sinking After Being Hit By Two Torpadoes 24

25. SINKING OF HMS SHEFFIELD HMS SHEFFIELD Sinking following an Exocet missile strike from the Argentine 2nd Naval Air Fighter/Attack Squadron 25

26. OPERATION CORPORATE 26

27. OPERATION SUTTON 27

28. BATTLE OF SAN CARLOS HMS ARDENT Sank on the 21 st May MV ATLANTIC CONVEYER Sank on the 25 th May along with a vital cargo of helicopters, runway-building equipment and tents HMS COVENTRY Sank on the 25 th May 28

29. BATTLE OF GOOSE GREEN Date: 28-29 May 18 British and 47 Argentine soldiers were killed A total of 961 Argentine troops (including 202 Argentine Air Force personnel of the Condor airfield) were taken prisoner 29

30. FALL OF STANLEY 30

31. FALL OF STANLEY 31

32. OPERATION KEYHOLE 32

33. SUMMERY Argentine forces mounted amphibious landings Operation Rosario 3 rd Apr Argentine Navy forces seized ctrl of the east coast of South Georgia Operation Georgias 25 th Apr The British regain ctrl over South Georgia Operation Paraquet 27 th May British forces attk Darwin and Goose Green and won Battle of Goose Green 2 nd Apr 7 th Apr British Task Force Strated for Falklands 21 st May 4000 British tps land on San Carlos and Ajax Bay Operation Sutton 2 nd May ARA General Belgrano Sank 4 th May HMS Sheffield Sank 14 th Jun Maj Gen Moore launched a bde size ni attk with 9000 tps on Stanley and won, a ceasefire was declared and Argentina Surrendered Fall of Stanley 20 th jun The British retook South Sandwich Islands and declared hostilities over Operation Keyhole 33

34. CASUALTIES AND LOSSES UK ARGENTINA Casualties: 255 killed 775 wounded 107 captured Casualties: 649 killed 1,657 wounded 11,313 captured Losses: 2 destroyers 2 frigates 1 landing ship 1 landing craft 1 container ship 24 helicopters 10 fighters Losses: 1 cruiser 1 submarine 4 cargo vessels 2 patrol boats 1 naval trawler 25 helicopters 35 fighters 2 bombers 4 cargo aircraft 25 COIN aircraft 9 armed trainers 34

35. AFTERMATH 35

36. MIL ANALYSIS 36

37. CAUSES OF ARGENTINE DEFEAT 37

38. CAUSES OF BRITISH VICTORY 38

39. LESSONS LEARNT IN VIEW OF PRINCIPLE OF WAR 39

40. CONCL 40

41. ? 41