The first voyage of Ferdinand Magellan to circumnavigate the world

The story of the voyage of Ferdinand Magellan and how he supposedly circumnavigated the globe

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3. WORKSISSUEDBY
FIESTVOYAGEROUNDTHEWORLD,
BYMAGELLAN.
No.LII.

5. DigitizedbytineInternetArciiive
in2011witiifundingfrom
BostonPublicLibrary
http://www.archive:org/details/firstvoyageroundOOpiga

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BostonPublicLibrarj,

7. THEFIRST
VOYAGEROUNDTHEWORLD,
MAGELLAN.
^^ti^ii>i4
TRANSLATEDPROMTHEACCOUNTSOF
PIGAFETTA,
ANDOTHERCONTEMPORARY WRITERS.
^ccainpanieUbg©rtginalIBocuments, Suitfj^ottsant)anInttoiuction,
LOEDSTANLEYOFALDEKLEY.
LONDON :
PRINTEDFORTHEHAKLUYTSOCIETY.
M.DCCCLXXIV.

8. /oL^*^
^
T.BICHARBS, 37,SEEATQUEENSTBEKT.

9. COUNCIL
THEHAKLUYTSOCIETY
TheRightHon.SirDAVIDDITNDAS,Peesibknt.
Reak-Admirai, C.R.DRINKWATERBETHUNE,C.B. ^
Majoe-General SieHENRYRAWLINSON, K.C.B.,f.R.S.,C
^^^^"^"^^^°^^''®'
Pees.R.G.S. ^
W.A.TYSSBNAMHURST,Esq.
Rev.De.GEORGEP.BADGER,D.C.L.,F.R.S.
J.BARROW,Esq.,F.R.S.
Vice-Admieal R.COLLINSON,C.B.
CaptainCOLOMB,R.N.
W.E.FRERE,Esq.
EGERTONV.HARCOURT,Esq.
JOHNWINTERJONES,Esq.,F.S.A.
R.H.MAJOR,Esq.,F.S.A.
SieCHARLESNICHOLSON, Baet.,D.C.L.
SieW.STIRLINGMAXWELL,Baet.
Vice-AdmiealERASMUSOMMANNEY, C.B,,F.R.S.
Reae-AdmiealSHERARDOSBORN,C.B.
TheLordSTANLEYofAldeelet.
EDWARDTHOMAS,Esq.,F.R.S.
TheHon.FREDERICKWALPOLE,M.P.
CLEMENTSR.MARKHAM,Esq.,C.B.,F.R.S.,Sec.R.G.S.,HonoeaetSeceetaey.

11. CONTENTS.
Introduction . . . . .
TheGenoesePilot'sAccountofMagellan'sVoyage
NarrativeoftheAnonymousPortuguese
Pigafetta'sAccountofMagellan'sVoyage
Pigafetta'sTreatiseofNavigation
NamesoftheFirstCircumnavigators
Magellan'sOrderoftheDayintheStraits
LetterofMaximilian,theTransylvan
LoG-BooKOFFranciscoAlvoorAlvaro
Accountofthe"Trinity"andherCrew
AccountoftheMutiny inPortSt.Julian,and
CasparCorrea'sAccountoftheVoyage
CostofMagellan'sFleet
Appendix....
Index....
i-ls
1-29
30-32
35-163
164-174
175-176
177-178
179-210
211-236
237-242
243-256
257
i-xiv
xvii-xx
PLATESANDMAPS.
PortraitofMagellan
ArmsofMagellan
FacsimilesofSignatures
Pigafetta'sMapoftheStraits
Trackofthe"Victoria"inthePacific
IslandsofAmsterdamandSt.Paul .
tofaceTitle
1
1
65
177

13. INTRODUCTION
AND
LIFEOFMAGELLAN
TeucerSalaminapatremque
Qaumfugeret,tamenudaLjseo
Temporapopuleaferturvinxissecorona,
SictristesafFatusamicos :
QuonoscunqueferetmeliorFortunaparewte,
Ibimus,osociicomitesque !
NildesperandumTeucroduceetauspiceTeucro
;
CertusenimpromisitApollo
AmbiguamtellurenovaSalaminafuturam.
fortes,pejoraquepassi
Mecumssepeviri,nuncvinopellitecuras :
Crasingensiterabimussequor.
ThoughMagellan'senterprisewastliegreatestever
undertakenbyanynavigator,yethehasheendeprived
ofhisduefamebythejealousywhichhasalways
existedbetweenthetwonationsinhabitingthePen-
insula :theSpaniardswouldnotbrookbeingcom-
mandedbyaPortuguese,andthePortuguesehavenot
yetforgivenMagellanforhavingabandonedthemto
serveCastile.ButMagellanreallyhadnochoice
;for
ifthewesternpassagewhichheexpectedtodiscover
wastobesoughtfor,itcouldonlybeunderthe
auspicesofSpain,withinwhosedemarcation those
waterslay.

14. 11 INTRODUCTIONAND
ItwouldseemthatD.Manuelhadonlyhimselfto
blameforthelossofMagellan'sservices ;and,asM.
Amorettiwellobserves,D.Manueloughttohavebeen
wellawareofthevalueofthose services, since
CharlesVknew it,andshowedhisappreciation of
them. Itisdifficulttobelievethattheinjuryof
whichMagellancomplained,andwhichledhimto
seekotherservice,wasmerely,asOsoriosays,the
refusalofpromotioninpalacerank,andwhichheliad
w^elldeserved,especiallysincethemotiveascribedby
Osoriototheking'srefusal,namelythenecessityof
avoidingabadprecedent,wasnotaloneasufficieut
affronttoaccountforMagellan's sacrificing allhis
hopesandpropertyinhisowncountry,hadhenot
alsofeltthatthekingwascondemninghimtoinaction,
obscurity,anduselessness. Barros,indeed,saysthat
:
"Thefavoursofprincesgivenforservicesarearetribu-
tivejustice,whichmustbeobservedequallywithall,with
regardtothequalityofeachman :andthatifaman'spor-
tionbedeniedhim,thoughheendures itill,yethewill
havepatience ;butifheseetheadvancementofthosewho
haveprofitedmorebyaitificeandfriendsthanbytheirown
merits,helosesallpatience
;indignation,hatred,andde-
spairarise,andhewillcommitfaultsinjurioustohimself
andothers.AndwhatoutragedMagellanmorethanthe
refusalofthehalfducatamonth,wasthatsomemenwho
werewithhimatAzamor,saidthathislamenesswasfeigned
tosupporthispetition."
Theking,moreover,refusedtoreceiveMagellan,and
showedhisill-willagainsthim. Itisthereforehighly
probablethatbeforeMagellantookthestepofleaving
Portugal,D.Manuel,promptedbyhisniggardly dis-

15. LIFEOFMAGELLAN. -Ill
position,hadrefusedtoentertainMagellan'sdesirefor
employment atsea,orhisprojectsofdiscovery,from
whichnoimmediateprofitwastobeexpected. This
isapparentfromthestatementofBarros,Decad.iii,
lib.V,cap.viii,thatlettersofMagellantoFrancisco
Serranowerefoundafterthedeathofthelatterin
Maluco,inwhichMagellansaidthatheshouldsoon
seehim
;and,ifitwerenotbywayofPortugal,it
wouldbebywayofCastile,andthatSerranoshould
thereforewaitforhimthere. Furtheron,Barrossays
thatrecoursetoCastileappearsfromtheselettersto
havebeeninMagellan'smindsometimebeforethe
occurrenceoftheking'sdismissalofhisbusiness :and
thatthiswasshownbyhisalwaysassociatingwith
pilots,andoccupyinghimselfwithsea-charts.
ThePortugueseexaggeratedverymuchtheinjury
theyexpectedtoresult,and,later,whichtheythought
hadresultedfromMagellan'svoyage,whichcouldnot
changethepositionoftheMoluccas,norconsequently
thePortuguese titletothem
;buttheapprehensions
whichtheyfelt,arosefromtheirfearofotherssharing
inthespicetrade,andfromthelimitedgeographical
knowledgeoftheperiod,whichleftbothpartiesvery
muchindoubtastothetruepositionofthoseislands,
orastotheextentofthecircumference oftheglobe.
ThequestionoftheexactpositionoftheMoluccaswas
notdefinitelyascertained tillmuchlater,thougha
compromisewasarrivedatin1529bythetreaty
betweenSpainandPortugal,bywhichCharlesVgave
upwhateverrightstotheMoluccasheimaginedhe
possessed,toPortugal,forasumofthreehundredand
h2

16. IV INTRODUCTION"AND
fiftythousandducats.^Aslateas1535,GasparCorrea
mentions,torn,iii,p.661,aDominicanfriarinPortu-
gueseIndia,whowaslearnedincosmography,and
whoassertedthattheMoluccas fellwithinthedemar-
cationofCastile,
ThegroundsofcomplaintofthePortugueseagainst
Magellan are,perhaps,bestexpressed,andinthe
strongestterms,byBishopOsorio,soitmaybewellto
quotefromhimthefollowingpassage. Lib.xi,§23.
'^Aboutthistimeaslightoffenceonthepartoftheking
(D.Manuel)sogrievouslyexasperatedthemindofacertain
Portuguese,that,forgetfulofallfaith,P^ety,andreligion,he
hastenedtobeti^aythekingwhohadeducatedhim,andthe
countrywhichhadbroughthimforth
;andheriskedhis
lifeamongstthegreatestperils.FerdinandMagellan,of
whomwehavebeforespoken,wasamanofnoblebirth,and
enduedwithahighspirit.HehadgivenproofsinIndia,in
warlikeaffairs,ofcourageandperseveranceinnosmallde-
gree.LikewiseinAfricahehadperformedhisdutieswith
greatardour.FormerlyitwasthecustomamongthePor-
tuguesethattheking'sservantsshouldbefedinthepalace
attheking'sexpense ;butwhenthenumberoftheseser-
vantshadbecomesogreat(becausethesonsoftheking's
officersretainedthesamestation,andbesides,manywere
admittedfortheirservicesintotheking'shousehold), itwas
seentobeverydifficulttopreparethefoodofsuchamulti-
tude.OnthisaccountitwasdeterminedbytheKingsof
Portugalthatthefoodwhicheachmanwastoreceiveinthe
palaceshouldbeprovidedbyhimselfoutoftheking^s
money.Thusitwassettledthatacertainsumofmoney
wasassignedpermonthtoeachman.Thatmoney,indeed,
1SeeAppendixV,pp.392-396, toDeMorga'sPhilippine
Islands,HakluytSociety,withrespecttothenegotiationsabout
theMoluccas.

17. LIFEOFMAGELLAN. V
whenprovisionsweresocheap,providedabundantlyforthe
men
jbutnowthatthenumberofmen,andthepricesof
commoditieshadincreased,ithappenedthatthesum,which
formerlywasmorethansufficientfortheirdailyexpenses,
wasnowmuchtoosmall.Moreover,asallthedignityof
thePortuguesedependsupontheking,thissmallsumof
moneyisaseagerlysoughtafterasthoughitweremuch
moreamjole.AndasthePortuguesethinkthatthething
mosttobedesiredistobeenrolledamongsttheking^s
household,soalso,theyconsiderthegreatesthonourtocon-
sistinanincreaseofthisstipend.For,astherearevarious
ranksofking'sservants,sothesumofmoneyisassigned
toeachservantaccordingtothedignityofhisrank.The
highestclassisthatofnobleman;but,astherearedistinc-
tionsofnobility,soanequalsalaryisnotgiventoall.
Thusithappensthatthenobilityofeachisestimatedac-
cordingtotheimportanceofthisstipend,andeachoneis
heldtobemorenobleinproportion tothemoreample
stipendwhichhereceives. Thisjudgment, indeed,as
humanaffairsgo,isoftenmostfalse ;formanyobtain
throughambitionandpertinacitywhatoughttobeassigned
todesertsandinnatenobleness.ThePortuguese,however,
sincetheyareoveranxiousinseekingthisnobility,and
imaginethattheirnobilityisincreasedbyasmallaccession
ofsalary,veryoftenthinkthattheymuststriveforthis
littlesumofmoney,asthoughalltheirwell-beingand
dignitydependeduponit.Now,Magellancontendedthat
forhisservices,hisstipendshouldbeincreasedmonthlyby
halfaducat.Thekingrefused ithim,lestanentrance
shouldbeopenedtoambitiouspersons. Magellan,excited
bytheinjuryoftherefusalofthisadvantagetohimatthat
time,abandonedtheking,brokehisfaith,andbroughtthe
Stateintoextremedanger.Andwhilstweoughttotolerate
theinjuriesinflictedbytheState,andtoendurealsothe
outragesofkings,whoarethefathersoftherepublick,and
whilstweoughttolaydownourlivesforthewell-beingof
ourcountry,whichlivesweowetoourcountry ;thismost

18. VI INTRODUCTIONAND
audaciousmanconceivedsuchdespiteonaccountofhalfa
ducat,amountingtofivedenarii,whichwasrefusedtohim^
thatheopposedtheState;heoffendedtheking,whohad
broughthimup
;andbroughthiscountry,forVt'hichhe
shouldhavedied,intoperil.Fortheaffairreachedsucha
pitchthatthedangerofaperilouswarimpendedoverthe
commonwealth. Idonotknow,indeed,whencesobarbar-
ousacustomhascreptintotheState :for,whilstthename
ofatraitorisnotonlyhatefulandhated,butalsoburnsin
thestainofeverlastingdishonouruponawholepostei-ity
;
yetmenwhodetermineuponbreakingtheirfaith,andop-
posingtheirkingsorstates,mayrejectthefavoursthey
havereceivedbyformalletters,mayabjuretheirfealty,and
despoilthemselvesoftherightsanddutiesoftheState;they
bidthekingkeepforhimselfthatwhichbelongstohim,
andtheyattestthatthenceforwardtheywillhavenothingin
commonwiththeircountry :then,atlength,theycontend
thatitisallowableforthemtocommencewaragainsttheir
country.Beitso:rejectfavoursifitpleaseyou;contemn
theliberalityofyourcountry
;grumbleasmuchasyou
please,thatarewardequaltoyourdignityhasnotbeen
granted.Butbywhatmeanscanyoubetraythefaith
whichyouhaveplighted?Mycountryhasinflictedonme
asevereoutrage; ithasinflicted,indeed,theworst.But
anoutrageisnottobeavenged,eitheruponparentsor
uponone^scountry. Ihaveabandoned,hesays,allthatI
hadreceivedfrommycountry.Haveyouthenrejected
life,disposition,andeducation ?Bynomeans.Butall
thesethings
;youreceivedthem,inthefirstplace,from
God,andthenfromthelaws,customs,andinstitutionsof
yourcountry. Itwillneverbeallowabletocombatnature,
toinjureyourcountry,ortobreakfaith,evenshouldyou
beladenwitheveryinjury.Nay,yourlifeshouldbegiven
up,andthemostextremepunishmentsshouldbeunder-
gone,soonerthanbreakyourfaith,orbetrayyourduty.
Abjurefealtyasmuchasyouplease,attestyourperfidyby
publicletters,leavetoposterityanotablememoryofun-

19. LIFEOFMAGELLAN. Vll
.speakablewickedness
;yetyouwillnotbeablebyanysuch
documenttoavoidoffendingtheDeity,northestainofan
everlastingopprobi-ium.''^
AgainstthisviewofOsoriomaybesetthefollowing
passagefromVattel,whichhasallthemoreweight,in
thatitissimplyanenunciation oflawandright,and
isnotwrittentosupportortodenounceanyparticular
person.
"Manydistinctionswillbenecessary,inordertogivea
completesolutiontothecelebratedquestion,whethera
manmayq^uithiscountry,ortliesocietyof
ivhicJiheisa
member.Thechildrenareboundbynaturaltiestotheso-
cietyinwhichtheywereborn;theyareunderanobligation
toshewthemselvesgratefulfortheprotectionithasafforded
totheirfathers,andareinagreatmeasureindebtedtoit
fortheirbirthandeducation.Theyought,therefore,tolove
it,aswehavealreadyshewn,toexpressajustgratitudeto
it,andrequiteitsservicesasfaraspossiblebyservingitin
turn.Wehaveobservedabove,thattheyhavearightto
enterintothesocietyofwhichtheirfathersweremembers.
Buteverymanisbornfree;andthesonofacitizen,when
cometotheyearsofdiscretion,mayexaminewhetheritbe
convenientforhimtojointhesocietyforwhichhewasde-
stinedbyhisbirth. Ifhedoesnotfinditadvantageousto
remaininit,heisatlibertytoquitit,onmakingitacom-
pensationforwhatithasdoneinhisfavour,andpreserving,
asfarashisnewengagementswillallowhim,thesentiments
ofloveandgratitudeheowesit.^^
—
Ghittystranslationof
Vattel,booki,cap.xix,§220.
Therearealsosomeremarkablepassagesinapam-
phletbyCondorcet,datedOctober25th,1791,named
OpinionsurlesEmigrants. Thisopiniondeserves
attention,bothonaccountofitsauthorandthetime
inwhichitwaswritten,whenpopularpassionsand

20. vm INTRODUCTIONAND
prejudicesweremuchexcitedagainsttliosewhowere
expatriatingthemselvesfromFrance.
Condorcetbeoinswiththestatement,that
:
"Itisagreaterrortoimaginethatthepubhcutihtyis
notconstantlytobefoundunitedwiththerightsofindivi-
duals,orthatthepublicwell-beingmaydemandactsof
realinjustice. Thiserrorhaseverywherebeentheeternal
excusefortheinroadsoftyranny,andthepretestforthe
artfulmanoeuvresemployedtoestablish it.^
"Onthecontrary,inthecaseofeverymeasurethatis
proposedasuseful,itmustfirstbeexaminedwhetheritis
just.Shoulditnotbeso,itmustbeconcludedthatithad
onlyanemptyandfallaciousappearanceofutility.
"Natureconcedestoeverymantherightofgoingoutof
hiscountry ;theconstitutionguarantees ittoeveryFrench
citizen,andwecannotstrikeablowatit.TheFrenchman
whowishestoleavehiscountry,forhisbusiness,forhis
health,evenforthesakeofhispeaceandwell-being,ought
tohavethefullestlibertytodoso:heoughttobeableto
usethisliberty,withouthisabsencedeprivinghimofthe
leastofhisrights.Inagreatempire,thevarietyofpro-
fessions,andinequalityoffortunes,donotadmitofresidence
andpersonalservicebeingregardedasacommonobligation
whichthelawmayimposeuponallcitizens. Thisrigor-
ousobligationcanonlyexistinthecaseofabsoluteneces-
sity
;toextendittothehabitualstateofsociety,andeven
toallperiodswhenthepublicsafetyortranquillitymay
seemtobemenaced,wouldbetodisturbtheorderofuse-
fullabours,andtoattackthesourcesofgeneralprospe-
rity.
"Everyman,moreover,hastherighttochangehiscoun-
try;hemayrenouncethatinwhichhewasboi'n,tochoose
^Thisopinionmayberecommended tothosewhowaron
"piousfounders".

21. LIFEOFMAGELLAN". IX
another.Fromtliatmoment,asacitizenofhisnewcoun-
try,heisonlyaforeignerinthefirst;butifsomedayhe
returnstoit,ifhehasleftanypropertyinit,heoughtto
enjoytheretothefulltherightsofman
;hehasonlyde-
servedtolosethoseofacitizen.
"Buthereafirstquestionpresentsitself.Isthiscitizen
byhissolerenunciationreleasedfromeveryobligationto-
wardsthebodypoliticwhichheabandons ?Doesthesociety
fromwhichheseparateshimselfloseimmediately allits
rightsoverhim?Doubtless,not;andIdonotspeakonly
ofthosesentimentswhichanobleandgratefulsoulpre-
servesforitscountry,eventhoughitbeunjust ;Ispeakof
rigorousobligations,ofthosewhichamancannotfailto
fulfilwithoutbecomingguiltyofanoffence :and1saythat
thereexistsatimeduringwhichamanplacedbetweenhis
ancientandhisnewcountrycanonlypermithimselftoex-
presshopesastothedifferenceswhicharisebetweenthem :
atimewhenthatoneofthetwonationsagainstwhichhe
mightbeararmswouldhavetherighttopunishhimasan
assassin ;andwhenthemanwhomightemployhisriches
ortalentsagainsthisformercountrymen,wouldreallybea
traitor.
"Iwilladdthateachnationhasalsotherighttofixthe
timeafterwhichthecitizenwhoabandons itistobecon-
sideredasfreefromallobligation,andtodeterminewhat
arehisdutiesuntiltheexpirationofthatperiod,andwhat
actionsitstillpreservesthepowertoforbidhim.Todeny
thisprinciple,wouldbetobreakallthesocialbondswhich
canbindmentogether. Thisperiod,doubtless,isnotan
arbitraryone;itisthatduringwhichthecitizenwhoabdi-
catescanemployagainsthiscountrythemeanswhichhe
hasreceivedfrom it,andduringwhichhecandoitmore
injurythancouldaforeigner."
Furtheron,Condorcetproposestwoyearsasthe
periodduringwhichacitizenwhorenounces his
nationalityshallengagenottoentertheserviceofany

22. X INTRODUCTIONAND
foreignpower,unlesshehasbeenauthorisedsotodo
byadecreeofthenationalassembly.Healsoproposes
variousmeasuresfordifferentclassesofemigrants,and
thefullenjoymentoftheirpropertyonthesamefoot-
ingasforeigners,bythosewhosignanengagement
nottotakeforeignservicefortwoyears,norduring
thattimetosolicittheaidofanyforeignpower
againstthenationoritsconstitutedauthorities.
Magellanfullysatisfiedtheconditionsspecifiedby
Vattel,asmaybeseenbyhisconversations with
SebastianAlvarez,theKingofPortugal'sagent :at
thisdate,also,itissufiicientlyclearthatMagellannot
onlydidnoharmtohisnativecountry,butthathe
increaseditsrenownbyhisownservices,andbythose
oftheotherPortuguese ofiicerswhomheassociated
withhislabours. Ifhiscountrymenhavepreferred
Gamatohim,itisbecauseheonlyservedtheinterests
ofscience,whilstGamaservedthepa.ssionsofhis
countrymen,andaidedthemtoenrichthemselves.
AfterD.Manuelhadrefusedemploymentandadvance-
menttoMagellan,andseemedinclinedtoleavehimin
theobscurityofasmallgarrisoninAfrica,thePortu-
guesewouldseemtohavenomorerighttocomplain
ofMagellan'sprofitingbytheopportunities offeredby
Spain,thantheGenoesewouldhavehad,iftheyhad
reproachedColumbusforavailinghimselfinasimilar
wayoftheresourcesofthatcountry. D.Manuel,it
istrue,madeofferstoMagellanifhewouldleaveSpain
andreturntoPortugal,butitwasthentoolate,for
thegreatnavigatorhadalreadypledgedhiswordto
CharlesV.
\

23. LIFEOFMAGELLAN. XI
.ThereisanothercircumstancewhichjustifiesMa-
gellanstillmorethanifhehadbeenanEnglishmanor
aFrenchman,acircumstance peculiartoSpainand
Portugal. InthePeninsula,thekinglypowerwasof
recentorigin,andhadbeendividedamongstseveral
crowns :thewearersofthesecrownshadbeenatfirst
onlytheequalsofothergreatlords,and,afterthey
hadacquiredthesecrowns,theywereonlythefirst
amongsttheirequals
;andsuchtheyrecognisedthem-
selvestobebytheircoronation oaths,evenlongafter
thetimeofMagellan. Inthesecoronationoathsthey
alsoboundthemselvesmorethandidotherEuropean
sovereigns torespect alltheprivilegesofthegreat
nobles
;anyinfractionofwhichwasheldtojustify
theseinrevoltfromthesovereign.Atthesametime
thereexistedthecustomandtraditionofdisnaturalisa-
tion,inaccordancewithwhichanynoblewhofelt
aggrieved,formallyrenouncedhisfealtytothesove-
reion,andbetookhimselftosomeneighbouring state,
OsorioandMariana,whowrotewhenthekinglypower
hadbecomeconsolidated,ridiculethiscustom ;butit
musthavehadtheadvantage ofgivingtimeand
opportunityforapeaceablesettlementinsteadofan
immediaterecoursetoarms.Butwhetherthecustom
wasgoodorbad,thereisnodoubtthatitwasgener-
allyandconstantlyactedupon
;andMagellanwas
followingprecedentsthatweregenerallyreceivedin
thePeninsula. Itisunfortunatethatthedocument
mentionedbyhistorians,bywhichMagellanformally
renouncedfealtytoD.Manuel,isnotforthcomingin
thearchiveseitherofSpainorPortugal ;butitmay

24. XU INTEODUCTIONAND
besupposedtobesimilarinsubstancetothoserenunci-
ationswHcliOsoriomentionsandreproves.
Amongthosewhodisnaturahsed themselvesmay
becitedvariousCondesdeHaroofBiscay,andGuz-
man,whogavehisservicestoMarocco,andwhobears
thetitleofElBueno.Withrea;ardtoCountDieso
deHaro,whoin1216withdrewfromCastile to
Navarre,Marianamakesthefollowingobservations.
''
SeveralgreatlordsofCastile,irritatedagainsttheir
king,whoseavaricetheycouldnotendure^hadpassedinto
thekingdomsofNavarreandAragon^afterhavingre-
nouncedtheirrightofnaturalisationbyapublicdeed,a
meansformerlyinuseamongstthosenations^inordernot
toberegardedastraitorsandrebelswhentheyquittedthe
statesoftheirsovereign. . .Amongthegrandeeswhocame
totakerefugeinNavarre,themostillustriousbeyonddis-
putewasDonDiegodeHaro. Thislordhadexcellent
qualities :neverwereseengreaterconstancy,probity,or
zealforthepublicservicethanhis;theslightestinjustice
irritatedhim. Itwasinordernottoseehiscountryand
freedomoppressed,thatheabandoned Castile.''''
—
Mariana,
HistoryofSpain,bookxiii.
''Intheyear1276,AlfonsotheWisehaddefeatedYussuf,
theEmperorofMarocco,andmadepeacewithhimwith
theassistanceofGuzman :atournamentwasheldinSeville
incelebrationofit,andKingAlfonsohavingaskedwho
hadmostdistinguished himself,wastoldD.AlonzoPerez.
Heaskedwhichofthem^and.D.JuanRamirezdeGruzman
replied:'AlonzoPerezdeGuzman,mybrotherofprofit.^
Thisanswerseemed illtoall,andespeciallytoGuzman,
whosawthataslurwascastupontheillegitimacyofhis
birth,foratthattimetheynamedchildrenofprofit{ganan-
ciu),thosewhowerebornofunmarriedwomen,andhis
motherhadnotbeenmarried.Guzman,irritatedatbeing
thusspokenofbeforethekingandthecourt,thensaid :

25. LIFEOFMAGELLAN. XIU
'Youspeaktrutli,Iamabrotlierofprofit,butyouareand
willbeoneofloss
;andwereitnotfortherespectdueto
thepresenceinwhichwestand,Iwouldteachyouthe
mannerinwhichyoushouldtreatme
;butyouarenotto
blameforit,butratherhewhohasbroughtyouupand
taughtyousoill/Theking,againstwhomthiscomplaint
appearedtobedirected,thensaid :
'Yourbrotherdoesnot
speakill,forsoitisthecustominCastiletonamethose
whoarenotchildrenofwomenmarriedtotheirhusbands/
'Soalso/hereplied,
''
isitthecustomofthenoblesof
Castile,v^hentheyarenotwelltreatedbytheirsovereigns,
togoabroadtoseekthosewhowilltreatthemwell;Iwill
dolikewise;andIswearnottoreturnuntilwithti-uththey
maycallmeamanofprofit. Grrantme,therefore,theterm
whichtheprivilegeofthenoblesofCastilegives,thatI
maygooutofthekingdom,forfromthisdayIdisnaturalise
myself,andtakeleaveofbeingyourvassal.' Theking
attemptedtodissuadehim,buthiseffortsbeinginvain,he
hadtogranthimthetermwhichheaskedfor;during
whichGuzmansoldallthathehadinheritedfromhisfather
oracquiredinthewar,andwentoutfromCastile,accom-
paniedbythirtyofhisfriendsandservants."—
Quintana,
VidasdeEspanolesCelehres.
Thereseemstobesomeinconsistencyonthepartof
thosewhorefusetoadmitofdisnaturalisation, yetat
thesametimemaintainthatrebellioncanbejustified.
Ifthereisajustificationofrebellion,therightofexpa-
triation,orofwithdrawalfromamongstthosewho
provokerebellion,mustexist ;andtherecanbeno
doubtthatthepeaceablewithdrawal ofthosewhoare
oppressedorinjured ispreferableintheinterestsof
alltoarmedinsurrection. EvenBishopOsorioand
Marianawouldprobablyadmitthatthedisnaturalisa-
tionofPrimandSerranowouldhavebeenbetterthan

26. XIV IIsTJRODUCTlONAND
tlieirtreason,whichhasplungedSpaininanarchyand
bloodshedforsomanyyears.^Rebellionshavealmost
alwaysbeenconductedbyminorities ;andastheir
justificationdoesnotdependuponthenumericalim-
portanceofthoseengagedinthem,itwouldfollow
thatinthecaseofdisnaturalisation,wherenumbersare
notrequisite,asinthecaseofarmedinsurrection,the
rightwouldexistequallyeveniftheminoritycon-
sistedonlyofone.
TherearesomewritersontheLawofNations,with
whomIamagreedingeneral,whodisapproveofthe
NaturalisationandDisnaturalisationActoftheSession
of1869. Iamcompelledtodifferfromthemwith
respecttothatmeasure,fortheforegoingreasons,and
alsobecause itseemstomethattheyhavelostsight
ofanothercircumstancewhichaffectsthequestion.
Solongaskinglypowerwasareality,personal
allegianceanddutytothesovereignwasareality
also.Butnowthatmoderninnovationandcorruption
havesubstitutedtheruleofmajoritiesforthekingly
power,thefeelingofthepersonaldutyofthesubject
isalmostlost;andthesubject,orcitizen,hasbe-
comeonlyoneofanaggregationofindividuals,orof
anassociationofpersonswithequalrights ;andeach
memberofsuchanassociationhasclearlytherightto
choosewhetherhewillformpartofitornot :sothat
whateverrightsofexpatriationmayhaveexistedin
^ThusHazelrigg,Hampden,Cromwell,andPym,aresaid
tohavebeenpreventedbytheGovernmentfromemigratmgto
NewEnglandin1638. SeePalfrey'sHist,ofNewEngland^vol.
i,pp.502,503.

27. LIFEOFMAGELLAN. XV
thetimesofMagellan, Grotius,andVattel,havd
becomemuclistrongeratthepresenttime,whenthd
conscienceofthesubjectisnolongerconsidered byi^
someasheldboundbydutytothesovereign,who
hasbecomealmostimpersonal :insteadofloyaltyand
fealty,wehavethedutyoffairdealingasbetween
partnersandassociatesonequalterms,asisexemplified
bytheargumentation ofCondorcet inthepassage
quotedabove.Thatthisviewisinaccordancewiththe
commonsenseandconsentofmankindisshownbythe
generalrepudiation ofthepretensionofthenorthern
portionoftheUnitedStatestotermthesecessionof
thesouthernstatesarebellion
;andthispretension
Wasseentobeespeciallyillogicalonthepartofthose
whohadrepudiatedthenameofrebelswhenthey
departedfromthedutyofobediencetotheirlawful
Sovereign.
MagellanhasnothadthegoodfortuneofVascoda
Gama,whoseexploitshavebeennarratedbyCamoens
'andGasparCorrea ;hedidnotsurvivetogivehis
ownaccountofhisgreatvoyage,andtheonlyaccounts
preservedwerewrittenbytwoItaliansofverysmall
literarycapacity. Thereare,however,moredocuments
concerningMagellaninexistencethanaretobefound
withrespecttoGama.
Thebirth-placeofMagellan isdoubtful ;according
tohiswillexecutedinLisbon,December29th,1504,
infavourofhissister,TheresadeMagalhaes, w^ifeof
JoandaSylvaTelles,hewasbornatVilladeSabroza,
inthedistrictofVillaEeal,TrazosMontes ;inhis
willofAugust24th,1519,hecallshimself
"Vezinodc

28. XVI INTRODUCTION"AND
Porto,"ordomiciledatPorto
;documeDtsquotedby
M,FerdinandDenismakehimtobebornatVillade
FigueiroinPortugueseEstremadura. Hisfamilywas
"
hidalgo,"withaknowncoatofarms,ofwhichaplate
isgiveninthisvolume.
ThebookofnoblegenealogiesofPortugal,byBer-
nardoPime'ntadoAvelarPortocarrero, states,inthe
vol.M,doneandcopiedintheyear1721,fo,641,that
EuydeMagalhaes,whoseparentsareunknown,was
Alcaide-morofAveiro.HemarriedAldadeMesquita,
daughterofMartinGonzalvesPimentelandIgnezde
Mesquita. AntoniodeLima(anothergenealogist)re-
presentsherasthewifeofGildeMagalhaes, fifthson
ofGildeMagalhaes ;andhegivesherthesame
childrenasothersgivetoRuydeMagalhaes :whohad
GenebradeMagalhaes,wifeofPeroCao.
FernaodeMagalhaes,whomarriedDa.BritesBar-
bosa,daughterofhisrelationDiogoBarbosa,alcaide-
morofSeville,intheabsenceofD.AlvaroofPor-
tugal
;hehad
Da.AnnadeMagalhaes,hisheiress,thewifeofD.
HernandodeHenaoeAvila,fromwhomhislineage
continues. Shewashisonlychild.
ThisdoesnotagreewiththearchivesofSeville,from
whichitappearsthatBeatrizBarbosawasdaughterof
DiegoBarbosaandMariaCaldera,andthatFernan
MagalhaesandBeatrizBarbosahadasonnamed
Rodrigo ;andthatafterthedeathofthesethree,Diego
Barbosabecametheirheir;andhehavingdiedin.
1525,hissonJaymeinherited,
FernanMagellanexecutedawillinSevilleonthe

29. LIFEOFMAGELLAN. XVll
24thdayofAugust,1519.Heinstitutedbyita
mayorazgo forhisson,grandson, orrelation,who
shouldbearthenameofMagallanes,andwhoshould
beboundtoliveinthekino-domsofCastille.He
alsobequeathedasumof12,500maravedistothe
ConventofN.S.delaVictoriainTriana.
Twofacsimilesofthesio-nature ofMaofellanare
given,onetakenfromhissignaturetotheprotocolof
theCouncilofWar,heldatCochimin1510
;thereis
alsoafacsimileofthesignatureofanotherMagellan,
takenfromthebookofMoradiasorPalacestipends,
attachedtoareceiptprintedbyNavarrete,whoappears
tohavesupposedittohavebeenthatofthenavigator
:
andafacsimileofthesignatureofMagellan'sbrother-
in-lawDuarteBarbosa.
CasparCorreastates,inhisLendasdaIndia,
tom. II,p.28,that,inJanuaryof1510,Alfonso
d'AlboquerquedespatchedtheshipsfromCochimtothe
kingdom.
"TwoshipsofBastiandeSousaandFranciscodeSa
convoyedthisfieetjandatnighttheybothstruckonthe
shoalsofPadua^whichareoppositetheMaldiveIslands^
andremainedaground^upriglit,andwith(j)utbreakingup.
Uponthistheypreparedtheboatsaswellastheycould,
andraisedtheirsides,andputinsidewaterandbiscuit,and
victualswhichdidnotrequirecooking.Thecaptainsand
pilots,andasmanymenascould,gotintotheseboatsand
returnedtoCochym.Thepeoplewhoremainedintheships
setshores^oneachsideoftheships,withtheyards,which
theycut.Allthiswasarrangedandcommandedbyan
honourablegentleman,whoremainedasoverseer,named
FernandeMagalhaes,whohadbeenmuchwoundedin
1"Escoras."
c

30. XVm INTRODUCTIONAND
Oalecut.Hetookmuclicarethatthechestsshouldnotbe
broken^andthatthereshouldbenorobbery,becausethe
captainsweregoingtorequestshipsofthegovernor^with
whichtoreturntotheshipstosavewhatgoodshadnot
beenwetted. ThesecaptainsreachedCananorineight
daySjfromwhencetheysentamessagetothegovernor,
whoatoncesentGonzalodeCi-astoinacaravel,withtwo
pilots;andtheywenttotheshipsandputthebestthings
onboardthecaravel,untiltheycouldnotloaditanymore,
andhavingrecoveredallthemen,theysetfiretotheships,
astheywerealreadyfullofwater.Sotheyreturnedto
Oochim, Inthis^F'ernandeMagalhaesworkedhard,and
didmuchservice,andattendedwelltoeverything.
'^
ThisFernandeMagalhaeswasoftheking^shousehold,
andcametoIndiawiththeViceroyDomFrancisco [d^Al-
meida],andhewasintheactionwiththeTurks;andhe
wasalwaysmuchwoundedinthefleetsandinCalecut;and
intheseshipshelosthissmallportionofproperty,^andhe
wentawaypoortoPortugal,andwentaboutwithclaims
forhisservices,andbeggedofthekingahundredreisin-
creaseofhispalacestipend,^whichthekingdidnotchoose
togrant,atwhichhewasaggrieved,andwenttoCastileto
liveatSeville,wherehemarried.Ashehadmuchknow-
ledgeoftheartofnavigation,andenterprise,anddevoted
himselftothat,hecametoanunderstanding withthe
directorsoftheHouseofTradeofSeville,sothattheem-
perorgavehimafleetoffiveships,withwhichhenavi-
gated,discoveringanewwaytoMaluco,whichwasinthe
year1519,asIwillrelatefurtheroninitsplace;with
whichhecausedgreatdifiicultiestoPortugal.''^
CorreaagainreferstotheincidentofMagellan
remainingwiththewreck,inListome ii,p.625,
wherehesays :
"FernandeMagalhaes,anhonourablegentleman,who
servedinthesepartsinthetimeoftheViceroyAfonso
1"Perdeosuapobreza" 2"Moradia."

31. LIFEOFMAGELLAN. XIX
d'AlboquerquGj ofwhomImadementioninthefirstbook,
withrespecttotwoshipswhichweregoingtothekingdom,
whichwerelostontheshoalsofPadua,andtheircaptains
wentbacktoCochjmintheirboats,andthisFernande
Magalhaesremainedintheshipswiththementakingcare
oftheshipsuntilcaravelscamefromCochiminwhich
muchproperty,belongingtothekingandtoprivateindi-
viduals,wassaved.ThisFernandeMagalhaes,ongoing
tothekingdomandbringingbeforethekinghisservices,
askedinsatisfactionforthemthatheshouldhaveanin-
creaseinhispalacestipendofahundredreisamonth,which
thekingrefusedhim,becausehedidnotfindfavourwith
him,orbecause itwassopermitted tobe.Fernande
Magalhaes,offendedatthis,becansehemuchentreatedthe
kingtodoit,andhewouldnot,askedhisleavetogoand
livewithwhoeverwouldshowhimfavour,wherehemight
obtainmoregoodfortunethanwithhim.Thekingtold
himtodoashepleased ;forwhichhewishedtokisshis
hand,whichthekingdidnotchoosetogivehim."
Castanheda, inrelatingthewreckonthePadua
banks,says(lib.in,cap.v) :
"Thereweredisputesastowhoshouldgoawaywiththe
captainsfromthegroundedvessels,andMagellansaidthat
itwasclearthatallcouldnotgoaway,andthattoavoid
strife,whichwascommencing, letthegentlemenandchief
mengoawaywiththecaptains,andhewouldremainwith
thesailorsandothercommonpeople,providedtheywould
promisetoreturnforhim,orgetthegovernortosendfor
him.Thistheysworeto,andFernandeMagalhaesstayed
behind,thecommonpeopleconsentedtoremain,forother-
wisetheremusthavebeenstrife.AsMagalhaeswasinthe
boat,whenitwasnearlyreadytogoaway,asailor,think-
ingthatherepentedhimselfofremaining, saidtohim :
'
Sir,didyounotpromisetoremainwithus?^Hereplied :
'Yes
;andsee,Iamcoming
;
'andwenttothemandre-
mainedwiththem.Inthisheshewedgreatcourage,and
confidenceinthemen.'^
C^

32. XX INTRODUCTIONAND
Barrosrelatestheincidentofthetwovesselswrecked
onthebanksofPadua,andsaysthatAntonioPacheco
wassentwithacaraveltotheirassistance
;andthat
:
"AsmuclihonourasAntonioPachecogainedintlie
metliodwitliwhichherecoveredthesecrews,withthedif-
ferenceswhichhehadwiththemonaccountofsomegoods
whichthementookwiththera,somuchhonouralsodid
Magellangainbythegoodmanagementofthesemen,which
heshewedwhilstwaitingwiththemtilltheycametofetch
them.Andifhehadhadasmuchloyaltytohiskingand
country,asheobservedwithafriendofhis,onwhose
accounthewouldnotgoawayincompanywithBastiande
Sousa[thecaptain] ;fortheydidnottakeawaytheother
man,ashewasnotamanofmuchimportance,perchance
hewouldnothavelosthimselfwithanameofinfamy,as
willbeseenfurtheron/^
—
Decad.II,lib.iv,chap.i.
ThusCastanhedaandBarros,whoarebothofthem
veryhostiletoMagellan,havepreservedoneofthe
finesttraitsofhislife.WhetherthemotiveofMa-
gellaninremainingbythewreckw^asfidelitytothe
interestsofhisfriend,ordevotiontothecommonsea-
men,ortherepugnanceofanofficerandagentleman
toabandonashipwhichhadnotbrokenup,thistrait
isalonesufficienttoshowthathewasincapableofdis-
loyalty,orofbeinginfluencedbypique,asthePortu-
guesehistorianshaverepresented.
ThenextmentionwefindofMagellan isinthe
followingdocument,preserved inthearchivesof
Lisbon,whichcontainsanaccountofaCouncilofWar
heldbyAlbuquerque respecting hisattackonGoa.
ThisdocumentconfirmswhatCorreasaysofAlbu-
querque'sdeparturefromCochymforGoa.

33. LIFEOFMAGELLAN. XXI
GouncilheldhyAlfonsod'AlbuquerquewiththeCaptains
withrespecttogoingtoOoa.
TorredoTombo.CorpoChron.Part2a,Mac23,Doc.190.
Thursday,wliicliwasthetenthdayofthemonthofOc-
tober,offivehundredandten,thecaptain-majorordered
allthecaptainsofthekingoursovereigntobesummoned
inCochim,inordertoholdacouncilwiththem,towhich
counciltherecamethosenamedbelow,andnoothers.
Thiscouncilwasastowhether,whilsttheshipsofburden
remainedinCochimtakingintheircargo,itseemedgood
tothemtocarryalltheircrewswiththemtotheactionof
Goa,ornot.
FernandeMagalhaessaidthatitseemedtohimthatthe
captain-majoroughtnottotaketheshipsofburdentoGoa,
inasmuchasiftheywentthithertheycouldnotpassthis
yeartoPortugal,sinceweareatthetwelfthofOctober;
andthat,makingtheirshortestcoursewithouttouchingat
Cananor,noratanyotherport,itwasnotpossibletolay
thefleetbeforetheportofGoabeforetheeighthofNovem-
ber,^asthewindswerenowcontraryforthatplace :and
withrespecttothecrews,lethisworshipsaywhetherit
waswellthattheyshouldgo,thatitseemedtohimthathe
oughtnottotakethem,sincetheredidnotremaintimefor
themtolayouttheirmoney,nortodoanythingofwhat
wasnecessaryforthevoyage;andthissaidFernande
Magalhaes.
Thefollov\^inggaveanopinion :
NunoVaz,captainoftheRumesa.
AntoniodaCosta. ..PeiPequeno.
DuartedaSilva...GaleGrande.
*SimaoMartins.
*D.JoaodeLima...Sta.Mariad'Ajuda.
^AlbuquerquedidnotarrivebeforeGoatillthe24thNovem-
ber. Correa,tom.ii,p.145.

34. Xxii INTRODUCTIONAND
^SebastiandeMiranda...GalePequeno.
FernandeMagalhaes.^
JeronimoTeixeira...Sta.MariadoCampo.
*JorgedaSilveira.
FranciscodeSousa...BoaYentura.
*ManueldaCunha.
*GarciadeSousa...Sta.Clara.
FranciscoCorvinel. ..Sant-Iago.
LourengodePaiva.
AntonioEeal,alcaide-morandcaptainofCochim.
GonzalodeSequeira,captain-major ofthefleet
wliiclihadjustcomefromPortugal.
Affonsod^Albuquerque saidattheendwhathede-
terminedtodo.
(N.B.Albuquerquesaidattheendoftheseopinionsthat
hewasdeterminedtosailonthefollowingday,theeleventh
ofOctober,,withthecaptainswhowishedtoaccompanyhim.
Therefore,weareatthetwelfthofOctober,meansthatthat
daywascloseathand,andnotthatthecouncilwasheldon
thatday.)
GasparCorreasays,tomeii,p.138
:
''Whenthiswasthusended,thegovernortoldallthe
captainsthathewasgoingimmediately,andthathewould
sailfromCananorwithalltheshipsandmenthathecould
take,andgoandtakeGoa,ashetrustedintheLord's
PassionthatHewouldassisthim;andhegavethemnotice
thatsohewouldact,andnotoccupyhimselfwithanything
else :andhegavethemallthisnotice,becausehetrusted
intheLord,thatheshouldbeabletosendnewstotheking
intheseships,thathewastakinghisrestinsidethecityof
Goa :and,asitwasalreadyOctober,whoeverhadthewill
toservetheking,andwinsuchgreathonour,asitwould
betofindoneselfinsuchanobleaction,wouldstillhave
timeenoughtowitnesstheactionandreturntoembarkin
^Afacsimileofthissignature isgivenintheplate.

35. LIFEOFMAGELLAN.
. XXlll
Jiissliip,carryingawaysomuchhonourfromhavingbeen
presentintheaction :andeachonewastoactaccordingto
hisownwill^forhewouldgiveanaccountofalltotheking
inhisletters.Butthecaptains,occupiedwiththeirprofits
ofsellingandtakingincargo,setlittlestorebythis,and
thegovernordeparted,sayingthathewasnotgoingtotake
anyoneawaywithhimagainsthiswill."
AlbuquerquethenwenttoCananor,whichG.Correa
saysheagainleftonthe3rdOctoberforGoa(torn,ii,
p.140) ;tresisprobablyanerrorfort7'eze,the13th,
whichwouldbeinaccordancewiththestatementof
thedocumentthatAlbuquerquesailedfromCochimon
the11thofOctober, GasparCorreagivesthefollow-
ingnamesofcaptainswhoaccompaniedAlbuquerque
againstGoa.
*JoandeLima. JoanSerrano.
JeronymodeLima,hisbrother. DiogoMendesdeVascogon-
ManueldeLacerda. cellos.
FernanPeresd'Andrade. PeroCoresma.
Simaod'Andrade,hisbrother. BaltesardaSilva.
DiogoFernandesdeBeja. MiceVineteCerniche.
*ManueldaCunha. AntonioHaposo.
DuartedeMello.
*SimaoMartins.
FranciscodeTavora. GaspardePaiva.
VascoFernandesCoutiuho. FranciscoPantoja.
'^GraciadeSousa. *BastiandeMiranda,d'Azevedo.
GasparCao. AfonsoPessoa.
LopoVazdeSampayo. JorgeMartinsdeLiao.
AyresdaSilva. FranciscoPereira.
DinizFernandesdeMello.
Twenty-eight ships,and1,700Portuguese.
Healsomentions,p.145,thefollowinggentlemen
asbeingwithAlbuquerqueintheattackonGoa :
*Thenamesmarkedwithanasteriskareamongthosewho
gaveanopinionattheCouncilofWarabovementioned.

36. XXIV .INTRODUCTIONAND
FernanGomezdeLemos. SimaoMartinsHenriques.
NunoVazdeCastelloBranco. PayoEodriguesdeSousa.
*JorgedaSilveira. DiogoPiresdeMiranda.
RuydeBrito. DuartedeMello.
Luis Coiitinho, brother of AlvaroPa§anha.
VascoFernandes. LuisPreto.
Simaod'Andrade,brotherof Perod'Afonsequa.
FernanPeres. AntoniodeMatos.
Gonzalod'Almeida. AntonioDiniz.
Andothergentlemen.
Thesuppositionmaybehazardedthatitwasthis
opinionwhichMagellangaveattheCouncilofWarin
oppositiontoAlfonsod'Albuquerque, whichsetD.
Manuelagainsthim.Suchoppositionwasenoughto
havemadeAlbuquerquewriteunfavourablyofMagellan
toD.Manuel ;andtheill-willofD.ManueltoMa-
gellan,andhisrefusaltogranthimaduerecognition
ofhisservices isnototherwisesufficientlyaccounted
for.Ontheotherhand,GasparCorrea,whowas
Albuquerque's secretaryatonetime,doesnotindicate
this;butCorreaisthemostfriendlytoMagellan,of
allthePortuguesehistorians,anddoesnotappear,like
theothers,tohavetaxedMagellanwithtreason.
Afterthis,MagellanappearstohaveleftIndia,and
tohavebeenstationedatAzamorinMorocco,where,
inaskirmishwiththeArabs,hewaswoundedin
thelegbyajavelin,whichlefthimsomewhatlame.
Afterthat,somedisputesaroseastothedistribution
amongstthetownsmenofsomecattlethathadbeen
capturedfromtheArabs.WhenJoaoSoarez,Captain
ofAzamor, leftthatplace,andwassucceededby
D.PedrodeSousa,Magellan leftAzamorwithout
leavefromD.PedrodeSousa,andcametoPortugal
;

37. LIFEOFMAGELLAN. XXV
hispetitionwithregardtotheincreaseofhispalace
stipendhadalreadybeensenttoB.Manuel;but
D.PedrodeSousahavingwrittentothekingofMa-
gellanhavingleftAzamorwithoutleaveofabsence,
andofthecomplaintsmadeaboutthecattle,theking
refusedtoreceiveMagellan,andcommandedhimto
returnatoncetoAzamor,andtheregivehimselfup
ashewasaccused. AVhenhearrivedthere,asBarros
says,eitherbecausehewasfreefromblame,or,aswas
mostlyasserted,becausethefrontierofi&cersofAzamor,
inordernottovexhim,wouldnotaccusehim,he
receivedasentenceofacquittal,andreturnedwithit
toPortugal ;butthekingalwaysboreill-willtohim,
and,Magellan'srequestsnotbeinggranted,hesetabout
thatbusinessofwhichhehadwrittentohisfriend
FranciscoSerrano,whowasinMaluco.
AfterMagellanhaddisnaturalised himself,hetook
refugeinSpain,accompaniedbytheastrologerRuy
Faleiro,andhavingarrivedatSevilleonthe20thof
October,1517,heentereduponnegotiationswiththe
ministersofCharlesV;andtheKingofPortugaldid
hisutmost,throughhisagents,tothwarthim
;Osorio
saysthatthekingwouldhavesucceededindissuading
CharlesYfromemployingMagellan,hadnotthe
Spanishnoblespersuadedhimnottolosesuchan
opportunityofincreasingtheSpanishempire.Charles
YthenorderedshipstobeprovidedforMagellan,
bywhichhemightdiscoveranewwaytotheeast.
Herefollowsanabstractofdocuments,copiesof
whicharecontainedintheTorredoTumbo,relating
totheappointmentofMagellan,andtheprivilegesand

38. XXVI mTRODUCTIONAND
powersconferreduponhim :thesedocumentsaredated
inthespringof1518,morethanayearbeforeMa-
gellansailed
;anditappearsthatdelaywascaused
partlythroughtheprocrastination oftheSpanish
authoritiesinSeville,whowerechargedwithequipping
thefleet,andpartlybytheintriguesoftheagentsof
theKingofPortugal. Theseintriguesappeartohave
beenpartiallysuccessful,andtohavecauseddelay.A
finalorderforthedepartureofMagellanwasgivenin
Barcelona,April19th,1519,Theoriginalofthis
document ispreservedintheLisbonarchives,andit
wasprobablycarriedoutwiththefleet,andfellinto
thepossessionofthePortugueseintheMoluccasafter
Magellan'sdeath ;atranslationofthisorderisgiven
below,andthetextisintheAppendix.
Afterthisdocument,translationsaregivenoftwo
letters(thetextofwhichisgivenintheAppendix)
fromAlvarodaCosta,thePortugueseambassador in
Spain,andfromSebastianAlvarez,thePortuguese
factor,abouttheeffortsmadebythemtopreventMa-
gellan'sexpedition. M.FerdinandDenis,intheBio-
graphieUniverselle,mentionsthatAlvarodaCostais
saidtohavepushedhiszealtotheextremityofwish-
ingtoassassinateMagellan,andevenhispoorasso-
ciate,RuyFaleiro
;this,withregardtothelatter,
seemshardlyprobable,judgingfromCosta'sown
letter.Navarrete statesthatthePortugueseagents
succeeding inexcitingthemobofSevilleagainst
Magellanonthe22ndofOctober,1518,underthe
emptypretextthathewassubstitutingthearmsof
PortugalforthoseofCastileinhisships. Paria
y

39. LIFEOFMAGELLAJSr. XXVll
Sousa,inhisEuropaPortuguesa,torn,ii,pt.iv,cap.i,
p.543,says .
"D.FernandodeYasconcellos^BishopofLamego^alone
expressedthedesirethattheKingofPortugalshouldeither
grantfavourstohim(Magellan) orelsehavehimkilled^
becausehisintentionsweremostdangeroustothekingdom.
Theresultofthis(counsel)wasthatthekingdomreceiveda
greatdisappointment,andMagellangloriousandeverlast-
ingfame;since,whilsttheworldendures itwillendurein
themonumentofhisname,whichh^sremainedappliedto
alltheSouthSeaandtohisStraits.''^
Quenuncaseverataofortepeito,
DoGangeticomaraoGaditano
;
NamdasBoreaesondasaoEstreito,
QuemostrouoaggravadoLusitano.
Camoens,Cantoii,55.
Andneverwilltheirprowessfinditsmate,
No,notfromGangestotheGaditeshore,
NotfromzVrcturustotheSouthernStrait
WhichfirstaninjuredLusianwillexplore.
Quillinan.
EisaquiasnovasportasdoOriente,
Quevosoutrosagoraaomundodais,
Abrindoaportaaovastomarpatente,
Quecomtarnfortepeitonavegais :
Mashetambemrazao,quenoponente
DehumLusitanohumfeitoindavejais,
QuedesenEeymonstrandoseagravado,
Caminhohadefazernunquacuidado.
Cavioens,Cantox,138.
ThushastthoualltheregionsoftheEast,
Whichbytheegiv'nuntotheworldisnow ;
Openingawaywithanundauntedbreast,
Throughthatvastseawhichnonebeforedidplough.
Butitislikewisereason,intheWest
ThatofaLusiantoooneactionthou
Shouldstunderstand,who(angrywithhisking)
Achievesagreatandmemorablething.
Fanahaw.

40. XXVlll INTRODUCTIONAND
ContractandAgreementmadebytheKingofCastiletuith
FernanMagellanforthediscoverywhichhewastomahe,
aco^yofwhichhecarriedwithhim,signedbytheOfficers
oftheKingofCastile,andmadebyhisSecretary
FernandelosOobos,andcopiedwordforword}
Gav.18,MaQo10,No.4.
CertificategiveninSevilletliatthecommendadorFernan
deMagallanes,andthebachelorRuyFaleiro,Portuguese,
presentedthemselvesattheAudienciaonthefourthofMay,
of1518,beforeDr.SanchodeMatienzo,thecontadorJuan
LopezdeRicalde,andthefactorJuandeAranda,judges
andfiscalsoftheirHighnesses,oftheIndiaHouse,residing
inthiscity,inthepresenceofJuanGutierrezOalderon,
clerkoftheirH.H.,andhisNotarypublic,onbehalfof
DiegodePorras^chiefclerkincivilandcriminalcausesof
thesaidIndiaHousejandtheypresentedtothejudgestwo
capitulationswrittenonpaperandsignedbyhisHighness,
andonesealedwithasealofcolouredwaxatthebackand
othernecessarysignatures,andtworoyalorders(cedulas)
ofH.H.signedwithhisroyalname,allwrittenbythesecre-
taryFernandelosOobos,thetenourofallwhich,oneafter
another,isasfollows.
TheKing
:
"Sinceyou,FernandodeMagallanes,aknight,nativeof
theKingdomofPortugal,andthebachelorE,uyFaleiro,
alsoanativeofthatkingdom,wishtorenderusagreat
serviceinthelimitswhichbelongtousintheoceanwithin
theboundsofourdemarcation,weorderthefollowingcapi-
tulationtobeestablishedwithyouforthatpurpose."
1Thisdocumenthasbeenabridgedhere;itistakenfroma
copyintheTorredoTombo,madefromanothercopy,whichisvery _
illegible.TheSpanish isratherantiquated,andmuchdebased,
apparentlybyPortuguesecopyists,whohavemixeduptheirown
orthography. TheSecretary'snamewasFrancisco,notFernan.

41. LIFEOFMAGELLAN. XXIX
"Firstly :Thatyouaretogowitligoodlucktodiscover
thepartoftheoceanwithinourlimitsanddemarcation,
andbecauseitwouldnotbeinreasonthat,whileyougoto
dotheabovementioned,thatotherpersonsshouldcross
youtodothesame,andtakingintoconsideration thatyou
undertakethelabourofthisenterprise, itismyfavourand
will,andIpromisethatforthefirsttenfollowingyearswe
willnotgiveleavetoanypersontogoanddiscoverbythe
sameroadandcoursebywhichyoushall^o
;andifanyone
desiretoundertake itandshouldaskourleaveforit,before
givingit,wewillletyouknowofitinorderthatifyou
shouldbereadytomakeitinthattimeinwhichtheyoflPer,
youshoulddoso,providinganequalsufficiencyandequip-
ment,andasmanyshipsastheotherpersonswhomaywish
tomakethesaiddiscovery :but,beitunderstood that,if
wepleasetosendtodiscover,ortogiveleaveforittosuch
otherpersonsaswepleasebywayofthesouth-westinthe
partsoftheislandsandmainland,andallotherpartswhich
'
arediscoveredtowardsthepartwheretheyaretoseekthe
straitofthoseseas(parabuscarelestrechodeaquellas
mares),^wemayorderittobedone,orgiveleavetoother
personstodoit,bothofthemainlandbytheSouthSea,
which isdiscovered,orfromtheislandofS.Miguel,if
theywishtogoanddiscover,theymaydoso.Also,ifthe
governorandpeoplewhoarenow,byourorders,ormayin
futurebeinthesaidmainland,orotherofoursubjectsmay
wishtodiscoverintheSouthSea,theymaydoso,notwith-
standingtheabove,oranysectionorclauseofthiscapitula-
tion.Also,youmaydiscoverinanyofthosepartswhat
hasnotyetbeendiscovered,sothatyoudonotdiscover
nordoanythinginthedemarcationandlimitsofthemost
sereneKingofPortugal,myverydearandwell-beloved
uncleandbrother,nortohisprejudice,butonlywithinthe
limitsofourdemarcation/^
^FromthisitappearsthatMagellananticipatedthatAmerica
wouldendlikeAfrica.

42. ^25;x
INTRODUCTIONAND
Inconsiderationoftlieirgood-willandservices,thenext
paragraphgrantstherighttolevyuponanyislesorcoun-
triessettledbythemaftertheexpenseshavebeenpaid,a
twentiethpart,withthetitleofourAdelantadosandGover-
norsofthesaidcountriesandisles,"you,andyoursonsand
rightfulheirsforever,sothattheyremainforusandthe
kingsthatmaycomeafterus,andyoursonsandheirsbemg
nativesofourrealmsandmarriedinthem;andofthiswe
willsendyouyourformalletterofprivileges.'^
Thenextparagraphgrantstherighttoinvestingoods
eachyearthevalueofathousandducats,costprice,tosell
intheislandsandcountries,andbringbackthereturns,
payingonlyatwentiethindutytothekingwithoutother
payment. Thisonlyafterthereturnfromthevoyage,not
duringit.
i
• •
i j
Alsotograntthemgreaterfavour,ifmorethansixislands
shouldbediscovered; aftersixhavebeensetapartforthe
king,theymightmarkouttwofromwhichtheymighttake
thefifteenthpartofallthenetprofitsanddutiesofthe
kingaftertheexpenseshadbeendeducted.
Alsoofallthenetprofitthattheremaybefortheking
onthereturnofthefleet,afterthisfirstvoyage,deducting
itsexpense,theymaytakeafifthpart.
"Inorderthatyoumaybettercarrythisout,Iwillorder
theequipmentoffiveships,twoofonehundredandthirty
tonseach,andtwoothersofninety,andanotherofsixty
tons,providedwithmen,victuals,andartillery
;
thatisto
say,thatthesaidshipsshallbesuppliedfortwoyears,and
thereshallgointhemtwohundredandthirty-fourpersons
fortheirmanagement
:amongstmasters,mariners,ship-
boys,andallotherpeoplethatareofnecessity,according
tothememorial,andthiswewillordertobecarriedoutby
ourofficersinSeville."
Alsoifeitherofthemdied,thisagreementwastobekept
with,andbytheother,asitwouldhavebeenkeptwith
bothiftheywerealive.
Thenextparagraphsaysthatafactor,atreasurer,an

43. LIFEOFMAGELLAN. XXXI
accountant^andclerksofthesaidsliips^shallkeeptheac-
countsofalltheexpensesofthefleet.
"AllwhichIpi^omiseandplightmyfaithandroyalword
thatIwillorderittobeobservedtoyou,inallandforall,
accordingasiscontainedabove,anduponitIhaveordered
thispresenttobegiven,signedwithmyname.Datedin
Valladolid,thetwenty-seconddayofMarch,offivehundred
andeighteenyears.
"YoelKey.
"ByorderoftheKing,
"FkANCISCODELOSCOBOS.^'
Anothercopyofthesamedocumenthasthehead-
ins^
:
—
DonaJuanaandDonCai-los,herson,bythegraceof
God,QueenandKingofCastile,Leon,Aragon,thetwo
Sicilies,andJerusalem,ofNavarra,G-ranada,Toledo,Valen-
cia,Galicia,theMallorcas, Seville,Sardinia,Cordova,Cor-
sica,Murcia,Jaen,theAlgarves,ofAljazira,Gibraltar,of
theCanaryIsles,oftheIndies,islesandmainlandofthe
Ocean-sea.CountsofBarcelona,LordsofBiscayandMolina,
DukesofAthensandNeopatria,CountsofRoussillonand
Cerdana^MarquisesofEuristanandGociano,Archdukes
(ofAustria,DukesofBergonaandBrabant,Countsof
'FlandersandTirol,etc.
Anotherletter,alsodatedValladolid,March22nd,
1518,andsignedbytheking,andthesecretaryFran-
ciscodelosCobos,andsignedatthebackbyJoanes
Beijamanse,FonsecaArchiepiscopus, Episcopus,regis-
tered,JohandeSamana,GuillermoChancellor,confers
uponMagellanthepowerofdecidingandexecuting
shortandsummaryjusticebyseaorlandincaseof
suitsordisputesarisinginthefleet.
Anotherroyalletterofthesamedateastheabove

44. XXxii INTRODUCTIONAND
orderstheofficersoftheIndiaHousetoprovideMa-
gellanwithfiveships,crews,provisions, etc.,according
tothememorialwhichissignedbyourchancellorof
BargonhaandbytheArchbishopofEosanoandBishop
ofBurgos ;andbidsthemusealldispatch.
Anotherroyalletter,datedAranda,17thofApril,
1518,toMagellanandBuyFaleiro,saysthatif,after
theyshallhavesailed,eitherorbothofthemshould
die,andthattheyshouldhavegiventothepeoplein
thefleetinstructionsandorderswhichshouldbeneces-
saryforthediscovery ;andifthey,profitingbythem,
shoulddiscovertheislesandpartswhichtheywere
goingtodiscover,thentheirheirsandsuccessors
shouldenjoythefavoursandprivilegescontainedin
thesaidcapitulations.
ThedocumentthenstatesthatMagellanandBuy
Faleirohavingpresentedthecapitulationsandletters
androyalordersofhishighnesstothesaidjudges,they
summonedandrequiredthemtofulfilthemaccording
totheircontents,andtheyrequestedthisinthepre-
/
senceofthewitnesses,FranciscodeSantaCruz,alguazil
«
LorenzoBinelo,andFranciscodeCollantes,porterof
theAudienciaofthesaidHouse.Thenthejudges
tookthelettersintheirhands,andkissedthem,and
putthemontheirheads,astheordersoftheirking,
andnaturalsovereign,whommayGodsufiertolive
andreignmanyyears ;andtheywouldanswermore
atlengthincomplyingwiththeorders.Witnessesthe
above-named.
Afterthat,onMonday,attheAudienciadelaNona,
onthethirty-firstdayofMayof1518,thesaidjudges,

45. LIFEOFMAGELLAN. XXXlll
Dr.SancliocleMatienzoandthecontadorJuanLopez
deRicalde,appearedbeforeme,thesaidJuanGutierrez
Calderon,theabove-mentioned clerkandnotary,and
presentedananswersignedwiththeirnamestothe
presentationmadebythePortuguesecaptainsofthe
royalordersandletters.Andthisreplyisasfollows.
Thesaidjudges state,inreply,thattheking's
lettersorderthemtoprovidefiveships,andmenand
provisionsasmaybenecessary,inconformitywitha
memorialwhichthecaptainsbring,signedbythegreat
Chancellor ofBurgundyandbytheveryReverend
ArchbishopofRosanoandBishopofBurgos,whichsaid
memorialuptothistimehasnotbeenshowntous,
andwithout itwecannotundertakeanything
;solet
hisHighnesssendusordersaccordingtothatthesaid
despatchsigned,ashasbeensaid,bythechancellorand
bishop
;andwearereadytofulfiltheorderswhichhis
,Highnesssends,havingatthetimemoneysofhisHigh-
j
nessinourpower. Thistheysaid,andgaveastheir
Janswers,andsigned itwiththeirnames.Doctor
iMatienzo,JuanLopezdeRicalde.
^MagellanandRuyFaleiroaskedfromJuanGutierres
'
Calderon,ClerkandNotaryPublic,acertificateand
j^
legalisedcopyofwhathadpassedfortheconservation
oftheirrights,whichheaccordinglygavehim,dated
onthesaiddayandmonth(31stMay)of1518.
Theletter,thetextofwhichisgivenintheAp-
pendixNo.Ill,theoriginalofwhichappearstohave
fallenintothehandsofthePortugueseattheMoluccas,
isasfollows :
I d

46. XXXIV INTRODUCTION"AND
TheKing
:
FernandodeMagallamsandRuyFaleiro,Kniglitsof
tLeOrderofSt.James,ourcaptains-general ofthefleet,
whichwecommandtobeequippedtogotodiscover,and
theotherseparatecaptainsofthesaidfleet,andpilots,
masters,quarter-masters,andseamenofthesaidfleet :In-
asmuchasIknowforcertain,accordingtothemuchin-
formationwhichIhaveobtainedfrompersonswhohave
seenitbyexperience,thattherearespicesintheislandsof
Maluco ;and,chiefly,youaregoingtoseekthemwiththis
saidfleet,andmywillisthatyoushouldstraightwayfollow
thevoyagetothesaidislandsintheformandguisewhich
Ihavesaidandcommanded toyou,thesaidFerdinand
deMagallafns ;moreover,Icommandyouallandeachone
ofyouthatinthenavigationofthesaidvoyageyoufollow
theopinionanddetermination ofthesaidFerdinandde
Magallaiiis,inorderthatfirstandforemost,beforeanyother
part,youshouldgotothesaidislandsofMaluco,without
therebeinganyshortcoming inthis,becausethusitisfit-
tingforourservice,andafterthisdone,therestthatmay
beconvenientmaybesoughtforaccordingtowhatyou
havebeencommanded,andoneandallneitherdonorlet
themdoanythingelseinanywise,underpainoflosingtheir
goodsandtheirpersons,atourdiscretion.DoneinBarce-
lona,nineteenthdayofApril,yearofonethousand five
I
hundredandnineteen.
I,theKing.
ByorderoftheKing,
Fe*^''deLOSCovos.
{Docket).—Inorderthatthoseofthefleetmayfollowthe
opinionanddetermination ofMagallans,inorderthatfirst
andbeforeanythingelsetheygotothespices.

47. LIFEOFMAGELLAN. XXXV
Translation.
etterofAluarodaOosta,givinganAccounttotheKing
DomManuelofwhat-passediviththeKingofCastile,
todissuadehimfromthediscoverywhichhede-
terminedtoordertheexecution of,byFernan
deMagalhaes.
TorredoTombo. Gav.18,MaQo8,No.38.
ij
Sire,
^
WithrespecttothebusinessofFernamdeMagal-
;haes,Ihavedoneandlabouredverymuch,asGodknows,
asIhavewrittentoyouatlength
;andnow,Xebresbeing
ill,Ihavespokenonthismatterveryfirmlytotheking,
layingbeforehimalltheobjectionsthattherewereinit,and
besidesothermatters,settingforthhowill-seemingandun-
jusualamatteritwasforakingtoreceivethevassalsof
I.......
'anotherkingfhisfriend,ag-ainsthiswill ;whichwasathings
whichwasnotusualamongstknights,andwasheldtobe
agreatfault,andaveryill-lookingthing :alsothatIhad
justbeforeofferedtohiminValladolidtheservicesofyour
royalself,andkingdomandlordships,whilehewasalready
jreceivingthesemenagainstyourpleasure ;andIbegged
pimtolookwellthatthiswasnotatimeforcausingdis-
'contenttoyourHighness,especiallyinamatterofsuch
jlittleimportancetohim,andofsuchlittlecertainty,and
ithathehadmanyvassalsandmenformakingdiscoveries
[whenthetimecame,withoutmakinguseofthosewho
(CameawayfromyourHighnessdiscontented,andthatyour
Highnesscouldnotfailtosuspectthatthesemenwould
labourmoretodoyouadis-servicethanforanythingelse
;
andthathisHighnesshadnowsomuchtodowithdis-
coveringhisownkingdomsandlordships,andsettlingthem,
thatsuchnoveltiesoughthardlytocomeintohisrecollec-
tion,fromwhichscandalsmightfollow,andotherthings
whichmightwellbedispensedwith.Ialsolaidbeforehiaa
d2

48. XXXVl INTRODUCTIONAND
Lowillthisappearedintheyearandperiodofthemarriage,
andincreaseoffamilydutyandaffection,andthatitseemed
tomethatyourHighnesswouldfeeldeeplytheknowledge
thatthesemenaskedhisleavetoreturn,andthathedia
notgiveit;whichwouldbetwoevils,thereceivingthem
againstyourwill,andtheretainingthemagainsttheirown
wills :andIbeggedhimonaccountofwhatwasfittingfor
hisservice,andforthatofyourHighnessthatoftwothings
heshoulddoone,eithergivethemleavetogo,orlayaside;
thisbusinessforthisyear,bywhichmuchwouldnotbe
lost,andsuchmeansmightbetakenthathemightbe
servedwithoutyourHighnessreceivingdispleasure fron:
themannerinwhichthisshouldbedone.
,'
He,Sire,remainedsosurprisedatwhatIsaidtohim.
thatIwasamazed ;andherepliedtomewiththebest
wordsintheworld,andthatonnoaccountdidhedesire!
thatanythingshouldbedone,bywhichyourHighnes^
shouldbedispleased,andmanyothergoodwords;andh^
toldmetospeaktotheCardinal,andtorelateeverything
tohim, I,Sire,hadalreadytalkeditallwelloverwiththe
Cardinal,whoisthebestthinghere,andthisbusinessdoesiri
notseemgoodtohim,andhepromisedmetolabouras/
muchashecouldtoavoidspeakingtotheking;andfori
thispurposetheysummonedtheBishopofBurgos,whoid
thepersonwhoupholdsthisbusiness,andsotwoofthq
Councilagainmadethekingbelievethatinthishewasnott
infaulttowardsyourHighness,becausehewasnotsending
tomakediscoveriesexceptwithinhislimit,andveryfarofl|
fromtheaffairsofyourHighness ;andthatyourHighness
oughtnottotakeitillthathemadeuseoftwoofyour
vassals,menoflittlesubstance,whileyourHighnesswas
makinguseoftheservicesofmanynativesofCastile
jand
theyallegedmanyotherarguments :lastly,theCardinal
toldmethattheBishopandthosemenusedsomuchurgency
inthis,thatatpresentthekingcouldnottakeanyother
determination.
AslongasXebreswaswellIcontiiiuedtosetthisbusi-;
if
15

49. LIFEOFMAGELLAN. XXXVll
pessbeforehimjasIhavesaid_,andmuchmore.Heputs
theblaineupontheseCastilianswholeadthekinginto
thismatter^andwithalthat,hewillspeaktotheking.
SomedayspastIentreatedhimmuchaboutthisbusiness,
mdhenevertookadetermination,andIthinkthathewill
dolikewisenow. Itappearstome.Sire,thatyourHigh-
aessmightgetbackFernamdeMagalhaes,whichwould
beagreatbuffettothesepeople. Idonotreckonthe
bachelor[RuyFaleiro]formuch,forheisalmostoutofhis
nind. ItookstepswithDomJorge^withrespecttothe
;^oingthereofhisalcaide,andhesaysthathewillgoat
myrate;so.Sire,asthisisinthismanner,forallthat,I
tvillneverdesistfromstrivinginthistotheextentofmy
jower.
ILetnotyourHighnessconsiderthatIsaidmuchtothe
ainginwhatIdidsaytohim,because,besideswhatIsaid
s,eingalltrue,thesepeople,asIsay,donotfeelanything,
teitherhasthekinglibertyuptothistimetodoanything
J£
himself,andonthisaccountwhathedoes[Msaffairs)
leedtobefeltless.TheLordincreasethelifeandState
)fyourHighnessforHisholyservice.FromSaragoga,
Tuesdayatnight,thetwenty-eighthofSeptember[1518].^
IkissthehandsofyourHighness.
AlvaeodaCosta.
\
^D.JorgeofPortugal,BishopofSiguenza.
Ij2Thedateoftheyearisnotgiven
;however,asthedespatch
lientionsthisyearastheyearofthemarriage,itmustbeassumed
ohavebeenwrittenin1518.D.Manuelmarriedthedaughter
fPhilipI,Da.Leonor,inVilladoCrato,24thNovember,1518.
?hetreatyofthemarriagewasmadeatSaragossa22ndMay,
.518,andratifiedinSaragossa16thJuly,1518.
St^
the;
1 I

50. ft
XXXVlll INTRODUCTIONAND
j
LetterfromSebastianAlvarez,FactorofBomManuel, tc
theKing,datedSeville,July18^1519.
(TorredoTombo. Corp.Ohronol.^PartI.Mago13^
Doc.20.)
;^
Sire^
Onthe15thofthisJulyIreceivedthroughCha
vascas^theequerry,twolettersfromyourHighness^one
ofthe18thandtheotherofthe29fchoflastmonth,which
Iunderstood,andwithoutrecapitulating thesecondone,I
answeryourHighness.
Therehavenowarrivedtogetherinthiscity,Christopheij
deHaroandJuandeCartagena,thechieffactorofthq
fleetandcaptainofaship,andthetreasurerandclerkofI
thisfleet;andintheregulationswhichtheybringtherf/
areclausescontrarytotheinstructionsofFernandeMagal,
'
haes;thesehavingbeenseenbytheaccountantandfacto)^
oftheHouseofTrade,theyseekhowtheycanembro?
theaffairsofMagellan,andtheywereatonceoftheopinion
'
ofthosewhohaverecentlyarrived.
{
Together,theysenttosummonFernandeMagalhaes,"
andrequestedtoknowfromhimtheorderofthisfleet,and;
thecausewhytherewasnocaptaingoinginthefourthj!^
ship,butonlyCarvalho,whowasapilotandnotacaptain,
]
Hereplied,thathewishedtotaketheshipthusforittl|
carrythelantern,andforhimtopassovertoitfromtim^l
totime. i
AndtheysaidtohimthathecarriedmanyPortuguese
andthatitwasnotwellthatheshouldtakesomany.He
answered,thathewoulddowhathechoseinthefleetwith-
outgivingthemanyaccount,andthattheycouldnotdol
itwithoutrenderingaccounttohim. Therepassedbe-
tweenthemsomanyandsuchevilwords,thatthefactors^
orderedpaytobeissuedtotheseamenandmen-at-ans
.
butnottoanyofthePortuguesewhomMagellanand1
Faleirohavegottotakewiththem :andatthesameti
•
acourierwassenttotheCourtofCastile.

51. LIFEOFMAGELLAN". XXXIX
'AsIsawthematterwasbeguijandtheseasonconvenient
forsayingthatwhichyourHighnessbademesay^Iwent
tothelodgingsofMagellan^whereIfoundhimarranging
basketsandboxeswithvictualsofconservesandother
things. Ipressedhim,feigning,thatasIfoundhimthus
occupied,itseemedtomethattheundertakingofLisevil
fiesignwassettled,andthat,asthiswouldbethelastcon-
versationIshouldhavewithhim,Iwishedtorecalltohis
knemoryhowmanytimes,asagoodPortugueseandhis
friend,Ihadspokentohim,andopposedthegreaterror
whichhewascommitting.
Afterbegginghispardon,ifheshouldreceivefromme
p,nyoffenceintheconversation,Icalledtohisrecollection
l|iowoftenIhadspokentohim,andhowwellhehadalways
'Answeredme,andthat,accordingtohisreplies,Ihad
alwayshopedthatattheendhewouldnotgototheso
greatdis-serviceofyourHighness ;andthatwhatIalways
toldhimwasthatheshouldseethatthisroadhadasmany
tjlangersasSaintCatharine^swheel,andthatheoughtto
'leaveitandtakethestraightroad,^andreturntohisnative
[countryandthefavourofyourHighness,wherehewould
Alwaysreceivebenefits. InthisconversationIintroduced
[allthedangerswhichappearedtome,andthefaultswhich
pewascommitting.Hesaidtome,thatnowhecould
onothingelse,forhishonour'ssake,exceptfollowhis
bath. Isaidtohim,thattoacquirehonourunduly,and
/whenacquiredbysuchinfamy,wasneitherwisdomnor
[honour,butratherdeprivationofwisdomandhonour,forhe
rmightbecertainthatthechiefCastiliansofthiscity,when
!5peakingofhim,heldhimtobeavileman,oflowblood,
incetothedis-serviceofhistruekingandlordheaccepted
uchanenterprise;andsomuchthemoresinceitwaspre-
ared,concerted,andrequestedbyhim,thathemightbe
urethathewasheldtobeatraitoringoingagainstthe
tateofyourHighness.Hereheansweredmethathesaw
hefaulthewascommitting,butthathehopedtoobserve
1Literally,theroadtoCoimbra.
P

52. xl INTRODUCTIONAND
tlieserviceofyourHighness,andtodoyougreatservice
byhisgoing. Itoldhimthatwhoevershouldpraisesuch
aspeech,didnotunderstandthematter,because,supposing
thathedidnottouchanyoftheconquestofyourHighness,
howwashegoingtodiscoverwhathetalkedof
jmoreover,
itwastothegreatdetrimentoftherevenuesofyourHigh-!
ness,andthiswouldbesustainedbythewholerealmanc^jj
byallsortsofpersons :andthatthoughtofhishadbeeq
amorevirtuousonewhichhehadwhenhesaidtomethatJ
ifyourHighnessorderedhimtoreturntoPortugal, hej
woulddosowithoutanyotherassuranceoffavours,andl
thatshouldyourHighnessnotconferthem,therewas,
alwaysSerradossaandsevenellsofserge,andsomebeadsi
ofacorns.^ Itseemedtomethenthathisheartwastruq
astowhatbefittedhishonourandconscience ;thatwhic
wassaidwassomuchthatitisnotpossibletowriteit.
Here,Sire,hebegantogiveasign,tellingmetotel
himmore,thatthisdidnotcomefrommyself,andthati
yourHighnesshadbiddenmesayit,thatIshouldtellhim
andthefavourwhichyouwouldconferuponhim. ItolcJ;
himthatIwasnotofsomuchtonnageasthatyourHigh-,
nessshouldputmeintosuchabusiness ;butIsaiditto;
himasIhaddoneonmanyotheroccasions. Herehe
wishedtodomehonour,sayingthatifwhatIhadbegur'
withhim,wentforward,withoutotherpersonsintei'veningj
thatyourHighnesswouldbeserved;butthatNuiioEibeird
hadtoldhimonething,andthatitwasofnoimportance
|
andJoamMendez,another,andthatthesedidnotagree
;
andhetoldmethefavourwhichtheypromisedonbehali
ofyourHighness. Herehemadeagreatlamentation,and
saidthathefeltitall,butthathedidnotknowofanything
bymeansofwhichhecouldreasonablyleaveakingwho
hadshownhimsomuchfavour. Itoldhimthattodothat
whichheoughtandnottolosehishonour,andthefavour
whichyourHighnesswouldconferuponhim,wouldbe
morecertainandaccompaniedbytruerhonour:andthat
1Meaning,hecouldbecomeahermit.

53. LIFEOFMAGELLAN. xH
heshouldweighhiscomingfromPortugal_,whichhadbeen
forahundredreals_,moreorlesSjofallowances/whichyour
Highnesshadnotgrantedhim,soasnottobreakyour,
ordinance,andthattworegulationshadarrivedcontraryto
his,andthatwhichhehadcontractedwiththeKingDon
Carlos,andhewouldseewhetherthatneglectweighed
;morCjforhimtogoanddowhatheoughttodo,orcome
jhereforthatwhichhehadcomefor.
(Hewonderedmuchatmyknowingsomuch,andherehe
'toldmethetruth,andthatthecourierhadleft :allwhich
j
1
1knew.Andhetoldmethatcertainlytherewouldbeno
]reasonforhisthrowingovertheundertaking,unlessthey
[deprivedhimofanythingwhichhadbeenassignedhimby
thecontract.ButfirsthehadtoseewhatyourHighness
woulddo.Isaidtohim,whatmoredidhewanttosee
thantheinstructions,andHuyFaleiro,whosaidopenlythat
hewasnotgoingtofollowhislantern,andthathewould
navigatetothesouth,orwouldnotgointhefleet?also,
thathethoughthewasgoingascaptain-major, whilstI
knewthatothersweresentinopposition,whomhewould
notknowofexceptatatimewhenhecouldnotremedyhis
honour ;andthatheshouldnotpayattentiontothehoney,
whichtheBishopofBurgosputtohislips,andthatnow
wasthefittimeforhimtoseewhetherhewoulddoit,and
thatheshouldgivemealetterforyourHighness,andthat
IfromafiectionforhimwouldgotoyourHighnesstoact
onhisbehalf,becauseIhadnomessage^fromyourHigh-
nesstooccupymyselfwiththelike,butthat1onlyspoke
I
whatIthoughtasatothertimesIhaddone.Hesaidto
Amethathewouldnotsayanythingtomeuntilhesawthe
1ThiscontemporarydocumentconfirmsOsorioastothecause
ofMagellan'sbeingdisgustedwiththeKingofPortugal ;some
historianshaverepresentedthequarrelasarisingfromadistribu-
Itionofplunderedcattle. GasparCorreausesasimilarphraseto
ijthatinthisdespatch,"ahundredreis,moreorless",
2Comparethisstatementwiththatinthesecondlineofthe
fifthparagraphofthisdespatch.
I)

54. xlii INTRODUCTIONAND
messagewhichthecourierbrought :andwiththiswecon-
cluded. IwillwatchtheserviceofyourHighnesstothe
fullextentofmypower.
Atthisjuncture^itseemstomewellthatyourHighness
shouldknowthatitiscertainthatthenavigationwhich
thesemenhopetoperformisknowntotheKingDonCar-
los,andFernanMagellanhastoldmeasmuch,andthere
mightbesomeonetoundertaketheenterprisewhowould I
domoreharm. IspoketoRuyFaleiroontwooccasions.
|
Heneveransweredmeanythingelsethan,howcouldhedo
anythingagainstthekinghislord,whodidhimsuchfavour.
ToallthatIsaid.tohim,hedidnotreplyanythingelse.
Itseemstomethatheislikeamandei'angedinhissenses,
andthatthisfamiliarofhishasdeprivedhimofwhatever
knowledgetherewasinhim.Itseemstomethat,ifFernan
Magellanwereremoved,thatRuyFaleirowouldfollow
whateverMagellandid.
TheshipsofMagellan's fleet.Sire,arefive;thatisto
say,oneofahundredandtentons,twoofeightytonseach,
andtheothertwoofsixtytonseach,alittlemoreorless.
Theyareveryoldandpatchedup
;forIsawthemwhen
theywerebeachedforrepairs. Itiselevenmonthssince
theywererepaired,andtheyarenowafloat,andtheyare
'caulkingtheminthewater. Iwentonboardofthema
fewtimes,andIassureyourHighnessthatIshouldbeill
inclinedtosailinthemtotheCanaries,becausetheirknees
areoftouchwood.
Theartillerywhichtheyallcarryareeightyguns,ofa
verysmallsize;onlyinthelargestship,inwhichMagellan
isgoing,therearefourverygoodironcannon. Allthe
crewswhomtheytakeinallthefivevesselsaretwohundred
andthirtymen.Thegreaternumberhavealreadyreceived
theirpay;onlythePortuguese,whowillnotaccepta
thousandreis,andwhoarewaitingforthecouriertoarrive,
becauseMagellantoldthemthathewouldgettheirpayin
creased,andtheycarryprovisionsfortwoyears.
ThecaptainofthefirstshipisFernanMagellan,ando

55. LIFEOFMAGELLAN. xliil
thesecond^RuyFaleiro
;ofthethird,JuandeCartagena,
whoisthechieffactorofthefleet;ofthefourth,Qaesada,.
adependantoftheArchbishopofSeville ;thefifthgoes
withoutanyknowncaptain,—Carvalho,aPortuguese,goes
inheraspilot.Hereitissaidthat,assoonastheyare
outofthemouthoftheriver,hewillputintoher,ascap-
tain,AlvarodaMesquitaofEstremoz,whoishere.
ThePortuguesewhohavecomeheretosailare,
Carvalho,pilot.
BstevanGomez,pilot.
Serrao,pilot.
VascoGalego,pilot;hehasbeenlivinghereforsome
time.
AlvarodeMesquitaofEstremoz.
MartindaMesquitaofEstremoz.
Franciscod^Afonseca,sonoftheCorregidorofRos-
maninhal.
Christopher Ferreira,sonoftheCorregidorofCas-
telejo.
MartinGil,sonoftheJudgefortheOrphansofLisbon.
Perod'Abreu,adependentoftheBishopofZafy.
DuarteBarbosa,nephewofDiogoBarbosa,adepend-
entoftheBishopofSiguenza.
AntonioFernandez,wholivedintheMoorishquarter
ofLisbon.
LuisAfibnsoofBeja,whowasadependentoftheLady
Infanta,whommayGodhaveinHiskeeping.
JuandaSilva,sonofNunodaSilva,oftheislandof
Madeira. Thismanhasalwaystoldmethathe
wouldnotgounless,ifyourHighnesshelditto
beforyourservice,andhebehavesasaconcealed
friend.
Faleirohasgotherehisfatherandmother,andbrothers,
1 oneofwhomhetakeswithhim.
e,
I
Othersmallpeopleoftheservantsofthesealsosaythat
theyaregoing,ofwhichIwillmakeareporttoyourHigh-
ness,ifyoucommand it,whentheygo.
\

56. xliv INTRODUCTIONAND
ThefiftlipartoftliisarmamentisfromCristovaldeHaro^,
whohasspentonitfourthousandducats.Theysayhere
thatyourHighnesshadorderedtotakefromhimthere[in
Portugal]twentythousandcruzadosofproperty.Hegives
hereinformationaboutthefleetsofyourHighness^both
ofwhatisdone^andofwhatistobedone. Ilearnedthat
byaservantofhiswhomhehasgotthere;byobtaining
fromhimtheletters,yourHighnessmightbeabletoknow
bywhatmeanshelearnsthesesecrets.
Thegoodswhichtheytakearecopper,quicksilver,com-
monclothsofcolours,commoncolouredsilks,andjackets
madeofthesesilks.
Itisassuredthatthisfleetwillstartdowntheriverat
theendofthisJuly;butitdoesnotseemsotome,nor
beforethemiddleofAugust,eventhoughthecouriershould
comemorequickly.
Thecoursewhichitissaidtheyaretotakeisstraightto
CapeFrio,Brasilremainingontheirrighthand,untilthey
reackthelineofthedemarcation ;fromthencetheyareto
navigatetothewestandwest-north-west,straightto
Maluco,which,landofMalucoIhaveseenlaiddownonthe
sphereandmap,whichthesonofReynellmadehere,which
wasnotcompletedwhenhisfathercamehereforhim;and
hisfatherfinished itall,andplacedtkeselandsofMaluco
;
andafterthispattern allthemapsaremade,whichDiogo
Ribeiromakes,andhemakesthecompasses,quadrants,and
globes,buthedoesnotgointhefleet,nordoeshewish
todomorethangainhislivingbyhisskill.^
FromthisCapeFrio,untiltheislandsofMalucothrougk-
outthisnavigation,therearenolandslaiddowninthe
mapswhichtheycarrywiththem.PleaseGodtheAlmighty
thattheymaymakesuchavoyageasdidtheCortereals,^
^DiegoRibeirowas,later,thecosraographerofCharlesV,and,
withMartinCenturionin1524,hetranslatedintoSpanishthe
\l\
BookofDuarteBarbosaandMagellanonthecoastsoftheIndian
lj[l
Ocean.
2Idest,neverbeheardofagain.SeeMajor'sPee.Henry,p.374.Hj

57. LIFEOFMAGELLAN. xlv
andtliatyourHighnessmaybeatrest^andforeverbe
envied^asyouare,byallprinces.
j
Sire,anotherfleetisbeingpreparedofthreesmallrotten
'
ships,inwhichAndresNinogoesascaptain ;hetakes
outjinsidetheseoldships^twoothersmallvesselsbuiltin
pieces ;hegoestothemainlandwhichPedreAyresdis-
coveredjtotheportofLarym^andfromthenceheistogo
bylandtwentyleaguestotheSouthSea^whitherheisto
carrybylandthenewly-builtships^withtheinggingofthe
oldones,andtofitthemoutonthatSouthSea,andwith
thesevesselsheistodiscoverforathousandleagues,and
notmore,towardsthewestofthecoastsofthelandwhich
isnamedGataio ;andintheseGilGonzalez,theaccountant
oftheIslandofHispaniola, istogoascaptain-major,and
theyaregoingfortwoyears.Whenthesefleetshavesailed,
anotheroffourshipswillthenbemadetogo,asitissaid,
onthetrackofMagellan ;but,asthisisnotyetputinto
gearforperformance,nothingcertainisknown :andthis
isarrangedbyChristovaldeHaro.Whatevermoremay
occur,IwillmakeknowntoyourHighness.
AstothenewsofthefleetwhichtheKingDonCarlos
/orderstobebuilttodefendhimselffrom,ortoattack
IFrance,ortogototheEmpire,asitissaid,Iexcusemy-
/pelffromwritingofittoyourHighness,sinceyourHigh-
/jaesswillobtainthemwithmorecertaintyfromNuno
iRibeiro,whoisinCartagena. Butthereiscertainnewsin
thiscitybyletters,thattheKingofFranceannouncesthat
theKingDonCarlosisnotgoingtobeemperor,andthat
hewillbeit.ThePopeassiststheKingofFranceinan
ihonestway.HegrantstohimfourcardinaPshatsforhim
'|;ogivetowhomsoeverhepleases. ItissaidthattheKing
pfFrancekeepsthemtogivetothosewhomtheelectorsof
bheempiremightwish.Thereitisassuredthateitherthe
KingofFrancewillbeemperororelsethepersonhemay
/choose. IwilltakeespecialcaretoinformyourHighness
ipfwhatmorehappenswiththesefleets,althoughIhad
pecomecoolinthismatter,because itseemedtomethat
/ourHighnesswishedtolearnitfromsomeoneelse;forI

58. 1
xlvi INTRODUCTION-AND
sawhereNunoRibeiroandotherpersonswhospoketome
'
inadissembhngmanner,andseekingtolearnaboutme.
IkissthehandsofyourHighness.FromSeville,the18th
ofJuly,of1519.
" SebastianAlvaeez.
Thelongintervalwhichelapsedbeforetheexample
setbyMagellanwasfollowedbyDrakeandVan
Noort(fortheexpeditionoftheComendadorLoaysa
in1527,andtwoothershavingfailed,thisvoyage
wasnotagainattempted inthosetimesbythe
Spaniards) isaproofthatgreaterhardihoodwasdis-
playedinMagellan'svoyagethaninthoseofColumbus
andGama;andthefortitudeandconstancyofMagellan
appearstronglyfromtheforegoingdespatches, since
inadditiontothephysicaldifficultiesofhisenterprise,
hehadtostruggleagainstintrigues,jealousy,andthe
alternateupbraidingandcajoleryoftheKingofPor-
tugal'sagents.ThedespatchofSebastianAlvarezto
DomManuel,thoughbiassedasitnaturally is,shows
thatwhateverheandthePortuguese ofthatday
thoughtofMagellan'sdesign,hehimselfdidnotcon
siderthathewasdoinganythinginjurioustohiskin^
orcountry,andCamoens,thoughherepeats the
hackneyedaccusationofdisloyaltyagainstMagellan,
yetboastsofhisachievements asalastinghonour tci
Portugal,inthefollowinglines :
"
Firedbythyfame,iandwithhiskinginire,
TomatchthydeedsshallMagalhaensaspire :
Inallbutloyalty,ofLusiansoul,
Nofear,nodangershallhistoilscontroul.
Alongtheseregionsfromtheburningzone
Todeepestsouthhedaresthecourseunknown.
1ThefameofVascodaGama.

59. LIFEOFMAGELLAN. xlvil
Whiletothekingdomsoftherisingday,
Torivaltheeheholdsthewesternway,
Alandofgiantsshallhiseyesbehold,
Ofcamelstrength,surpassinghumanmould :
Andonwardstill,thyfame,hisproudheart'sguide,
Haiintinghimunappeased,thedrearytide
.Beneaththesouthernstar'scoldgleamhebraves,
Andstemsthewhirlsofland-surrounded waves.
Foreversacredtothehero'sfame
Thesefoamingstraitsshallbearhisdeathlessname.
Throughthesedreadjawsofrockhepresseson
;
Anotherocean'sbreast,immense,unknown,
Beneaththesouth'scoldwings,unmeasured,wide,
Receiveshisvessels ;throughthedrearytide
Indarklingshadeswherenevermanbefore
Heardthewaveshowl,hedaresthenamelessshore.
Thusfar, favouredLusians,bounteousheaven
Yournation'sgloriestoyourviewhasgiven.
Whatensigns,blazingtothemorn,pursue
Thepathofhei'oes,openedfirstbyyou !
Stillbeityour'sthefirstinfametoshine :
Thusshallyourbrides^newchapletsstillentwine,
Withlaurelsevernewyourbrowsenfold.
Andbraidyourwavylockswithradiantgold."^
I,
ThepoetoftheLnsiad,whohadsaidthattheMuses
sa]gofGamaunwillingly,hereconcludeshispraises
ofMagellanwithapromisetothePortugueseofever
Yclewedpraise—apromisewhichwillbefulfilledby
p
^jteritywheneverthecharacterandenterpriseofMa-
gellanarecomparedwiththoseofhiscontemporaries;
fo:whilstthecrueltyandviolenceofGama,andthe
difficultyhiscompanionshadinrestraininghim,were
veryseriousdefectsinhischaracter,Magellangave
^ThenymphsoftheIlkanamorada,orFame.
2FromtheratherfreetranslationofMiclde.

60. xlviii INTRODUCTIONAND
manynobleexamplesoftheoppositevirtuesandol
otherqualitiesofaveryhighorder. Hisconduc.
ontheoccasionoftheshipwreckneartheMaldive
Islandshasbeenalreadydescribed ;theclemencywith
whichhetemperedjusticewhenheputdownthe
mutinyinPortSt.Julian—amutinywhichSebastian
Alvarez,theKingofPortugal'sagent,wouldappear
tohavebeenprivyto,ifindeedhedidnotprepare it,
showsgreatself-restraint,andthewholeofhiscon-
ductintheislandsofSebuandMatan,wherehefel)
defending*theretreatofhiscompanions, ismorelik
thatoftheknightserrantofanearlierdate,thanthQ
ofhiscontemporaries. Pigafetta,whowaswithhid
athisdeath,wasdeeplyaffectedbyit,andrecouni
hismanyvirtuesandqualitiesinanappealtoth
GrandMasterofEhodesnottoallowMagellan
memorytobelost.
i
Mostofthecaptainsofshipsatthistime,andlong
afterwards,weresoldiersputintonavalcommands
;
butMagellan,besidesbeingamilitary officer, v;is
alsoanexperiencedandlearnednavigator,andPi^a-
fetta'sTreatiseofNavigationmaybetakenas ile
resultofMagellan's instruction inthatart.^Tle
^Afullertreatiseofnavigation,asthenpractised, iscontaiiid
inabookwrittenbyFranciscoFaleiro,probablyabrotherofRly
Faleiro,thusdescribedbyBarbosaMachado,inhisBihliot^a
Lusitana:—
"Francisco Faleiro,"whowasequallywellversedin
astronomyandnavigation,gaveaclearstatementofhisscience
inthoseartsinthefollowingwork :TratadodelaEsferaydel
ArtedeMarear,conelRegimentodelasAlturas. Sevilla,porJuan
Cronberger,1535. 4to."Thisbookisveryrare
;thereisacopy
intheHydrographer's officeatMadrid.
;

61. LIFEOFMAGELLA^^ xlix
voyageofColumbus, wliichemployedonlythirty-
threedaysoutandtwenty-eighthomeward>bound,
cannotbecomparedwiththatofMagellan,andif
Columbuswasasgoodaseamanandnavigatoras
Magellan,yetacertainsuperioritymustbeallowed
tothelatteronaccountofhisnumerousmilitaryex-
ploitsinIndiaandAfrica.
IhavenotbeenabletoascertainwhowasJuan
Serrano,whoremained inthehandsoftheSebu
islandersafterthemassacreofDuarteBarbosaand
hiscompanions,andinNavarreteheissometimes
spokenofasaninhabitantofSevilleandsometimesas
aPortuguese. PigafettaspeaksofhimasaSpaniard,
butthedespatchofSebastianAlvarezleavesnodoubt
astohisbeingPortuguese,whichotherwisemight
havebeeninferredfromhisbeingacompadreofJoan
Carvalho. Itisprobablethathewasarelationof
FranciscoSerrano,thefriendandcorrespondent of
Magellan,whodiedinTernateabouteightmonths
beforethearrivalatTidoreofMagellan'sships :itis
alsoprobablethathewasthesameJuanSerrano
whosevoyagewithFranciscoSerranoin1512from
MalaccatotheJavaSeasisrelatedinthebookof
DuarteBarbosaonthecoastsofEastAfricaand
Malabar(HakluytSociety).
SebastiandeElcano,anativeofGuetariainBiscay,
hadthegoodfortunetobeincommand ofthe
VictoriaonherreturntoSeville,andthoughhis
nameisnotmentionedduringthevoyageinanyof
thenarratives,hereapedtheprincipalrewardsofthe
expedition,andonhisarrivalatCourt,receivedfrom
e

62. 1 INTEODUCTIONAND
CharlesVapensionoffivehundredgoldcrowns,and
wasauthorised totakeforarmsaglobe,withthe
motto"Primusmecircumdedisti". Amongstother
sonnetstohismemory,arethefollowing
:
Portierra
y
pormarprofundo
Conimanjderrotero,
UnVascongado, elprimero
Diolavueltaatodoelmundo.
Conchita.
Entrabaenelbreadoyhuecopino,
Tomandoeldiilceysuspiradopuerto,
JuanSebastiandelCano,Vizcaino,
Pilotodeestemundoelmasesperto,
Despuesdehaberandadoensucamino
Cuantodelmarsehalladescubierto,
EnunanavedichalaVictoria :
Hazanadignadeinmortalmemoria,
Mosqitera.
Thisvolumecontainssixcontemporaryaccountsof
Magellan'svoyageforthecircumnavigation ofthe
globe :onewaswrittenbyaGenoesepilotofthefleet
;
thesecondbyaPortuguesecompanionofDuarte
Barbosa,whichhasbeenpreservedbyEamusio
;the
thirdbyAntonioPigafettaofVicenza
;andthefourth
isaletterofMaximilianTransylvauus,aSecretaryof
theEmperorCharlesV;thefifthalogbookofapilot
namedFranciscoAlboorAlvaro
;thesixthistaken
fromCasparCorrea'sLendasdaIndia.
OfPigafetta'saccount,fourmanuscriptsareknown,
threeofthemareinFrench,andoneinItalian.
TwooftheFrenchmanuscripts areintheBiblio-
thequeImperialeofParis
;oneofthese,numbered

63. LIFEOFMAGELLAN. U
5,650, isonpaper ;tlie otlier,numbered 68,of
theLavalliere collection, isonvellum,andisrichly
illuminated ;itdoesnotcontaintheBrazilianand
PatagonianvocabulariesgiveninNo.5,650,andsome
ratherindecentdetailsareomittedorsofteneddown,
whichleadstotheconclusionthatthiscopywasthe
onepresentedbyPigafettatotheEegent,Louiseof
Savoy.ThethirdFrenchmanuscript,andthemost
complete,wasinthepossessionofM.BeaupreofNancy
till1855,itthenpassedintotheSolarcollection,and
in1861wassoldfor1,650francstoaLondonbook-
seller,and,later,wasboughtbySirThomasPhiilipps
atLibri'ssale.
M.Ed.ThomassypublishedamemoirintheBul-
letindelaSocietedeGeographieofParis,September
1843,inwhichheexaminesthequestionwhetherPiga-
fettacomposed hisaccountofhisvoyageinFrench.
Hehascometoaconclusion(whichM.Ferdinand
Denishasalsoadopted)infavouroftheFrenchmanu-
scripthavingbeenoriginallycomposedbyPigafetta.,
andnottranslatedfromtheItalian,onthegroundsof
itsbeingaddressedtothegrandmasterofEhodes,
VilliersdeITle-Adam,whowashimselfaFrenchman,
andthatPigafettahadrecentlybeenmadeaKnight
ofEhodes
;andthatPigafettausedtheFrenchlanguage
forthedevicewhichhesetupoverhispaternalhouse
inthestreetoflaLunainVicenza,
"
IIn'yapasde
rosessansepines";thatotherItaliansofthetimehad
writteninFrench
;thattheItalianMS.oftheAm-
brosianLibraryofMilan,publishedin1800byAmo-
retti,isinbadItalian,mixedwithVenetianand

64. lii INTRODUCTIONAND
Spanish,sothatM.Amorettisawinitratheracopy
thantheoriginaloftherelationpresentedtothePope
ortotheGrandMaster;thesedefectsM.Amoretti
removedbytranslatingthemintogoodItalian :also
thattheFrencheditionofFabre,thouo;hstatedtobe
atranslationfromtheItalian,wasusedin1536to
publishanItalianedition ;whereas ifanItalian
editionhadexistedbefore,thatofFabrewouldnot
havebeenrequired. Fabre'sedition,moreover, isvery
imperfect;andheputswhatPigafettasaysinthe
thirdperson.M.Thomassyconcludes,therefore,that
theversionofFabrewasmadefromsomeItalian
resume.
InadditiontothemotivesurgedbyM.Thomassy
forbelievingthatPigafettahimselfcomposed the
Frenchmanuscripts, thereisevidenceofitinthe
phraseologyoftheMSS. ;hadthesebeentranslations
fromtheItalian,everywordwouldhavebeentrans-
latedintoFrench,whereas,insteadofthat,wefinda
greatmanyItalianwordsused,especiallyinthevoca-
bularies,alsosomeItalianidioms. Itwasnaturalthat
Pigafetta,ifhehadnottheFrenchwordatcommand,
shouldwritedownanItalianone,suchas"calcagno"
for
"
talon '.
Forthesamereason,Ishouldbeinclinedtobelieve
thattheAmbrosianMS.,withitsmixtureofSpanish
words,wascomposedbyPigafettahimself,inwhom
suchamixtureofwordswouldbemorenaturalafter
solongavoyageinaSpanishship,thaninanItalian
scribe.
ThatPigafettadidcomposeaworkinItalianappears

65. LIFEOFMAGELLAN. liii
fromadocumentinthearchivesofVenice,containing
apetitionofPigafettatotheDogeandCouncilof
Venice,datedAugust5th,1524,applyingforleaveto
printhisaccountofhiscircumnavigation oftheglobe,
andtohaveaprivilegefortwentyyears. Thisisfol-
lowedbyastatementthattheprayerofthepetition
wasgrantedbytheDogeand152oftheCouncil,six
membersofwhichvotedagainstPigafetta, Thetext
ofthisdocument isgivenintheAppendix
;itwas
communicated tomebytheGeographicalSocietyof
Paris,w^hichhaspublishedatranslationofitinits
bulletinofFebruary1869.
UntilM.AmorettipublishedhiseditionofPigafetta
fromtheAmbrosianMS.in1800,thereneverwasa
completeoranoriginalItalianeditionofPigafetta
;for
thequartoeditionof1536(Grenville,6,977),without
nameofauthororprinter,is,asismentionedinthe
addresstothereader,atranslationfromtheeditionof
JacquesFabre. Thiseditionof1536hadaprivilege
forfourteenyears
;itmustbebyEamusio,forthe
addresstothereaderisalmostthesameashismore
abridged"discourse"inhiscollection oftravelsof
Venice,1550,andVenice,1613, folio,346v.In
Piamusio'scollection,andintheeditionof1536,Piga-
fetta'svoyageisprecededbytheletterofMaximilian
Transylvanus,SecretaryoftheEmperorCharlesV,to
theCardinalofSalzburg. ThisletterofMaximilian's
isnotquitethesameinthetwobooksinthedivision
oftheparagraphs
;inPigafetta'svoyagethereis
greatersimilarity,andtheparagraphsarenumbered

66. liv INTEODUCTIONAND
identicallyintlieeditionof1536andinFabre'sFrench
edition.Kamusiosays :
'^Magellan'svoyagewaswritten,withdetails,byDon
PietroMartirOjoftlieCounciloftlieIndiesoftheEmpe-
ror,andthathehadexamined allthosewhohadsurvived
tlievoyage,andreturnedtoSevilleintlieyear1522
;but,
havingsentittobeprintedatRome,intliemiserablesack
ofthattownitwaslost,anditisnotyetknownwhereit
is.Onewhosawitandreaditgivestestimonyofit,and
amongsttheotherthingsworthyofrecollectionwhichthe
above-namedDonPietronotedinthisvoyage,wasthatthe
Spaniardshavingnavigatedaboutthreeyearsandamonth,
andthegreaterpartofthem(asisthecustomofthosewho
navigateontheocean)havingnoteddowneachdayofeach,
month,whentheyrejoinedSpaintheyfoundtheyhadlost
oneday;thatis,whentheyreachedtheportofSeville,
whichwasonthe7thofSeptember,bytheaccountwhich
theyhadkeptitwasthe6th.DonPietrohavingrelated
thisparticularitytoanexcellentandrareman,Sig.Gasparo
Contarino,^aVenetiansenator,whowastheninSpainas
ambassadortohisMajestyfromhisRepublic,andhaving
askedhimhowitcouldbe,he,asaverygreatphilosopher,
shewedhimthatitcouldnotbeotherwise,astheyhad
navigatedthreeyears,alwaysaccompanyingthesun,which
wasgoingwestwards
;andhesaidthattheancientshad
observedthatthosewhonavigatedtothewestgreatly
lengthenedtheirday,^'
ThisbookofDonPietro'shavingbeenlost,says
Ramusio,hethoughtoftranslatingtheLatinletterof
Maximilian,andofaddingtoitthesummaryofabook
whichwaswrittenbythevaliantknightofRhodes,
MesserAntonioPigafetta,aVicentine
;andthissaid
bookwasabridgedandtranslatedintoFrenchbya
1Thisnameisomittedintheprologueoftheeditionof1536.

67. LIFEOFMAGELLAN. Iv
verylearnedphilosopher,namedMesserJacopoFabri,
ofParis,attheinstanceofthemostserenemotherof
themostChristainKingFrancis,MadameLouisathe
Eegent,towhomtheaforesaidknighthadmadeapre-
sentofone[ofhisbooks].
ThisFrenchepitomebyFabreisasmalloctavoof
seventy-six leaves,inGothictype(Grenville,7,065)
;
itiswithoutdate
;thetitleisasfollows :
"LeYoyageetIsTavigation^ faictparlesEspaignolz es
IslesdeMollucques,desislesquilzonttrouueaudictvoyage,
desEoysdicelles,deleurgouuernment T:manieredeviure,
auecplusieursaultreschoses.
''CumPriuilegio,S[onlesvendaParisenlamaisonde
SimondeColines^libraireiuredeluniuersitedeParis,de-
meuratenlaruesainctJehandeBeauluais,alenseignedu
SoleilDor.'^
iSimondeColines,theprinter,issuedhislastworkin
1546,andhisheirsarementionedonaworkof1550.^
In1801,aFrenchtranslationofAmoretti'sedition
ofPigafettawaspublishedbyH.J.Jansen,whoadded
atranslationfromtheGermanofM.deMurr'sNotice
ontheChevalierM.Behaim.Inthistranslation,some
libertieshavebeentakenwiththetext ;anditistobe
regrettedthatthistranslationwaspublishedinsteadof
theFrenchtextcontainedinthetwoMSS.ofthe
Bibliotheque Imperiale ;these,evenweretheynot
Pigafetta'sowncomposition, possessaphilological
interestoftheirown.
AnEnglishtranslation ofPigafettabyKichard
1Greswell,AViewoftheEarlyParisianGreekPress,vol.i,
p.94.

68. Ivi INTRODUCTIONAND
Wren,London,1625,ismentionedinrArtdeVerifier
lesDates,depuis1770,folio,vol.iii,p.333.There
isnocopyofthisintheBritishMuseumLibrary.
Theothercontemporaneous accountofMagellan's
voyage,atranslationofwhichprecedesthatofPiga-
fetta'saccount,isbyaGenoesepilot. Thispilotpro-
bablywasnamedMestreBautista,sinceBarrosmen-
tionshimasaGenoesewho,onthedeathofthepilot
JoanCarvalho,waschargedwithpilotingtheTrinidad,
whichgotasfarasTernate, Correa(tom. ii,p.632)
alsomentionsthatMestreJoanBautistawasmade
captaininsteadofCarvalho,afterhehadallowedthe
sonoftheKingofLuzon*toescapeatBorneo.
Ofthisaccount,threemanuscripts exist ;allthree
areinPortuguese.FromtwooftheseMSS.aprinted
editionwaspublishedintheNoticiasUltramarinas,
No.II,bytheAcademyofHistoryofLisbon.The
textwhichservedforthispublicationwasaMS.
whichbelonged tothelibraryofthemonksofS.
BentodaSaude ;andithasbeensupplementedand
annotatedfromanothermanuscript,whichisinthe
Bibliotheque ImperialeatParis,numbered^,acopy
ofwhichwasmadebyDr.AntonioNunesdeCar-
valhoin1831.Athirdmanuscript ofthispilot's
narrative existsinthelibraryoftheAcademyof
HistoryofMadrid,No.30,Est.11a,grada2a.
AftertheGenoesepilot'snarrativefollowsthatof
ananonymousPortuguesetakenfromEamusio.
TheletterofMaximilian,theTransylvanian, follows
Pigafetta'saccount ;thishasbeentranslatedfromthe
LatinbyMr.JamesBaynes,ofthePrintedBook

69. LIFEOFMAGELLAN. .Ivii
DepartmentoftheBritishMuseum. Afterthatcomes
thelog-bookofFranciscoAlboorAlvaro,translated
fromaMS.intheBritishMuseum,whichisacopy
fromadocumentinSimancas. Thislog-bookhas
beenprinted,inNavarrete'scollection,apparentlyfrom
theBritishMuseumMS.,anditappearstohave
escapedthenoticeofCaptainBurney. Itisespecially
valuablebecause ithelpstofixthepositionofthe
"Unfortunate Islands",andbecauseitestablishesthat
theIslandofAmsterdamintheSouthernIndianOcean
totheNorthofSt.Paul'sIsland,thediscoveryof
whichisusuallyattributed totheDutchnavigator
Vlaming,in1696,wasdiscoveredMarch18th,1522,
bytheVictoria,thefirstshipwhichwentroundthe
world.
Thereisaconfusionastothenamesofthesetwo
islands,whicharerightlynamedintheAdmiraltyand
otherseacharts,butwhicharewronglynamedin
commonEnglishmaps,whichplaceSt.Paultothe
northofAmsterdam. Thesouthernislandisbareand
arid,andthenorthernislandhasbushesandahigh
peakvisibleeighteenortwentyleaguesoff.Francisco
AlbosaysthisIslandhadnotrees
;buttheVictoria
maynothaveapproachednearenoughtoseethe
bushes,which,fromtheviewsoftheisland,appearto
benearitsbase ;itisclearthattheVictoriaap-
proachedthenorthernisland,orAmsterdam,because
notonlydoesthelatitudegivenbyF.Albodiffer
fromthatofmodernobservationbyonlyeightmiles,
butalsobecausefromthecoursesteeredbytheVictoria
onleavingthisisland,shemusthavesightedthe
f

70. Iviii
.
INTRODUCTION.
northernislandhadtheonediscoveredbyherbeenthe
southernone. Phitesaregivenofthesetwoislands,
takenfromValentyn'sDutchworkontheEastIndies.
AFrenchGeographicalDictionarysetsnpaclaimto
theseislandsasbelongingtothegovernment ofthe
IsleofFranceorMauritius
;itdoesnotsayonwhat
grounds ;butifevertheyweredependencies ofMau-
ritius,they-willhavepassedwiththatislandintothe
possessionofGreatBritain.
Correa'snarrativecontainstwodetailsnotgivenin
anyoftheotheraccounts, viz.,thewarninggivento
MagellanatTenerifebyDiogoBarbosaoftheintended
mutiny
;andtheincidentofthePortugueseship
speakingtheVictoria offtheCapeofGoodHope.
Correa'shavingbeeninIndiaatthetime,andrelating
whatheheardfromthePortuguese,wouldaccountfor
hismisplacingthedeathofMagellanashavinghap-
penedatthesametimeasthatofDuarteBarbosa.
Hisnarrativealsocontainsadditionalevidenceofthe
violentanimosityofthePortugueseagainstMagellan,
thoughhehimselfismorefavourablethanotherPor-
tuguesehistorianstohimwhoisoneofthemostre-
nownedoftheircountrymen,asheundoubtedly isthe
greatestofancientandmodernnavigators.
September1874.

71. CHRONOLOGY
FIRSTVOYAGEROUNDTHEWORLD.
MagellanarrivesatSeville
- -October20, 1518
Magellan'sfleetsailsfromSevilleMonday,^August10, 1519
MagellansailsfromSanLucardeBarrameda,
Tuesday,September20,„
„ arrivesatTenerife - -September26,„
„ sailsfromTenerife -Monday,October3, „
,, arrivesatRiodeJaneiro -December 1
3, „
,, sailsfromRio
- -December26,
,,
,, sailsfromRiodelaPlata -February2, 1520
,, arrivesatPortSt.Julian -March31,
,,
EclipseofSan
_ _ .April17, „
LossofSantiago
MagellansailsfromPortSt.Julian -August24, „
„ sailsfromriverofSantaCruz -October18,
,,
,,makesCapeoftheVirgins,entrance
ofStraits -
- -October21, „
DesertionofSanAntonio
- -November
„
MagellanissuesfromStraitsintothePacific,
Wednesday,November28, „
^The10thofAugustwasaWednesday,andMondaywasthe
8thofAugust :alltheotherdatesoftheweekandmonthagree
andareconsistentwitheachother.

72. Ix CHRONOLOGY.
MagellanfetchesSanPabloIsland -January24, 1521
„ fetchesTiburonesIsland -February4, „
„ reaches theLadrone Islands,
Wednesday,March6, „
„ reachesSamarIslandofthePhilip-
pines - -Saturday,March16, „
„ reachesMazzavaIsland,Thursday,March28, „
„ arrivesatSebuIsland - -April7, „
DeathofMagellanatMatan -Saturday,April27, „
BurningofConception - -May,
„
Arri'palofSanAntonioatSeville -May6, „
ArrivalofVictoriaandTrinityatTidore,
Friday,ISTovember8, „
VictoriasailsfromTidore - -December21, „
discoversAmsterdam Island,Tues-
day,March'18, 1522
doublestheCapeofGoodHope -May18,^
„
arrives atCapeVerde Islands,
Wednesday,^July9, „
arrivesatSanLucar Saturday,^September 6, „
castsanchoratSeville -Monday,^September8, „
Thanksgiving atChurchofOurLadyof
Victory - Tuesday,^September9, „
^AccordingtoAlbo'sLog-Book ;accordingtoPigafetta,May6,
2Thesedatesareaccordingtotheship'stime,whichdiffered
byadayfromthetimeattheCapeVerdeIslandsandSeville.

74. BostonPublicLibiuiy,

76. ru
-ruryuA^^'^-^/y^?^.^ri-o^//latxa/A^i^^
^
y^44.-€>'?^.-e€HiU^-plV,^/.iU<^^^
'\^^9^^:^(/^A.a^.y/^?4^ .
^ ^' /—

78. BostonPublicLibrai'}

79. NAVIGATIONANDVOYAGEWHICHFERNANDO
DEMAGALHABSMADEFEOMSEVILLETO
MALUCOINTHEYEAR1519.
(byaGENOESEPILOT.)
HesailedfromSevilleontlielOthdayofAugustofthesaid
jesbY,andremainedattliebaruntiltlie21stdayofSeptem-
ber,andassoonashegotontsidojhesteeredtothesouth-
westtomaketheislandofTenerife,andtheyreachedthe
saidislandonthedayofSt.Michael,whichwasthe29thof
September.^ ThencehemadehiscoursetofetchtheCape
Verdeislands,andtheypassedbetweentheislandsandthe
Capewithoutsightingeithertheoneortheother.Having
gotasfarasthisneighbourhood,heshapedhiscoursesoas
tomakeforBrazil,andassoonastheysightedtheother
coastofBrazil,hesteeredtothesouth-east^alongthecoast
asfarasCabo-frio,whichisintwenty-threedegreessouth
latitude ;andfromthiscapehesteeredtothewest,amatter
ofthirtyleagues,tomaketheRiodeJaneiro,whichisin
thesamelatitudeasCabo-frio,andtheyenteredthesaid
RioonthedayofSt.Lucy,whichwasthe13thDecember,
inwhichplacetheytookinwood,andtheyremainedthere
untilthefirstoctaveofChristmas,whichwasthe26thof
Decemberofthesameyear.
*
PigafettasaysthefleetwentoutofSevilleonthe10thofAugust,
1519
;thatitsailedfromS.Lucaronthe20thofSeptember,and
reachedTenerifeonthe26th,andcontinued itsvoyagethenceonthe
3rdofOctober,navigatingtotheSouth. LisbonAcademynote.
2TheParisMS.has"south-west." Thismustbethetruereading
LishonAc.note.TheMadridMS.alsohassouth-west.
B

80. 2
, NAVIGATIONANDVOYAGEOF
(
. ;;
'
TheysailedfromthisBiodeJaneiroonthe26thDecem-
ber^andnavigatedalongthecoasttomaketheCapeofSt.
Marjjwhichisinthirty-fourdegreesandtwo-thirds ;as
soonastheysighted it^theymadetheircoursewest-north-
west,thinkingtheywouldfindapassagefortheirvoyage,
andtheyfoundthattheyhadgotintoagreatriveroffresh
water,towhichtheygavethenameofriverofSt.Christopher,
anditisinthirty-fourdegrees,andtheyremainedinittill
the2ndofFebruary,1520.1
HesailedfromthisriverofSt.Christopheronthe2ndof
thesaidmonthofFebruary
;theynavigatedalongthesaid
coast,andfurtherontothesouththey-discoveredapoint
whichisinthesamerivermoretothesouth,towhichthey
gavethenameofPointSt.Antony ;itisinthirty-sixde-
grees,hencetheyrantothesouth-west,amatteroftwenty-
fiveleagues,andmadeanothercapewhichtheynamedCape
St.Apelonia,whichisinthirty-sixdegrees ;thencethey
navigatedtothewest-south-west tosomeshoals,^which
theynamedShoalsoftheCurrents,whichareinthirty-nine
degrees
;andthencetheynavigatedouttosea,andlost
sightoflandforamatteroftwoorthreedays,whenthey
againmadefortheland,andtheycametoabay,whichthey
entered,andranwithinitthewholeday,thinkingthat
therewasanoutletforMaluco,andwhennightcamethey
foundthatitwasquiteclosedup,andinthesamenight
theyagainstoodoutbythewaywhichtheyhadcomein.
Thisbayisinthirty-fourdegreesj^theynameittheisland*
ofSt.Matthew. TheynavigatedfromthisislandofSt.
'Pigafettamentionsthisriver,wMchisthePlata,in34deg.20min.
LisbonAc.note.
2ParisMS. "Andtlieyfoundthemselvesamongstsomeshoals."
LisbonAc.note.TheMadridMS.isthesame.
3ParisMS."isin24degrees,"-whichseemsclearlyanerrorofthe
copyists. LisbonAc.oiote.TheMadridMS.isinthiscasesimilarto
theParisMS.
•ParisMS."thebay."LisbonAc.note.MadridMS."thebay."

81. FERNANDODEMAGALHAES. 6
Matthewalongthecoastuntiltheyreachedanotherbay,
wheretheycaughtmanysea-wolvesandbirds;tothisthey
gavethenameof"BayofLabours
-/'^
itisinthirty-seven
degrees
;heretheywerenearlosingtheflag-shipina
storm.Thencetheynavigatedalongthesaidcoast^and
arrivedonthelastdayofMarchoftheyear1520atthe
PortofSt.Julian^whichisinforty-nineandone-thirdde-
grees^^andheretheywinteredjandfoundthedayalittle
moreorlessthansevenhours.^
InthisportthreeoftheshipsroseupagainsttheCaptain-
major^theircaptainssayingthattheyintendedtotakehim.
toCastileinarrest_,ashewastakingthemalltodestruction.
Here,throughtheexertionsofthesaidCaptain-major_,and
theassistanceandfavouroftheforeignerswhomhecarried
withhim,theCaptain-majorwenttothesaidthreeships
whichwerealreadymentioned,andtherethecaptainofone
ofthemwaskilled,whowastreasurerofthewholefleet,and
namedLuisdeMendoca ;hewaskilledinhisownship*by
stabswithadaggerbythechiefconstableofthefleet,who
wassenttodothisbyFernandodeMagalhaesinaboat
withcertainmen.Thesaidthreeshipshavingthusbeen
recovered,fivedayslaterFernandodeMagalhaesordered
CaspardeQueixadatobedecapitatedandquartered ;he
wascaptainofoneoftheships,^andwasoneofthosewho
hadmutinied.
Inthisporttheyrefittedtheship.Herethecaptain-
majormadeAlvarodeMesquita,aPortuguese,^captainof
^Wehavenotfoimdmentionofthisnameof
'
'Bahiadostrabalhos"
inanyotherwriter. LisbonAc.note.
2Pigafettaputsthisportin49deg.30min.TheTransylvanin
49and
-J
;Barrosin50deg.,andsaystheyarrivedthereonthe2ud
ofApril.LisbonAc.note.
3ParisMS."eighthours."LisbonAc.note.TheMadridMS.has
"sevenhours."
*TheshipVictoria.
'TheshipConception.
*AlvarodeMesquitawasacousinofMagellan.
B2

82. NAVIGATIONANDVOYAGEOF
oneoftilesMpsthecaptainofwhiclihadbeenkilled.There
sailedfromthisportonthe24thofAugustfourships^for
thesmallestoftheshipshadbeenalreadylostj^hehadsent
ittoreconnoitre,andtheweatherhadbeenheavy,andhad
castitashore,whereallthecrewhadbeenrecoveredalong
withthemerchandise,artilleryandfittingsoftheship.They
remainedinthisport,inwhichtheywintered,fivemonths
andtwenty-fourdays,^andtheywereseventydegreesless
tenminutestothesouthward.^
Theysailedonthe24thdayofthemonthofAugustof
thesaidyearfromthisportofSt.Julianandnavigateda
matteroftwentyleaguesalongthecoast,andsotheyentered
ariverwhichwascalledSantaCruz,whichisinfiftydegrees,^
wheretheytookingoodsandasmuchastheycouldobtain
:
thecrewofthelostshipwerealreadydistributedamongthe
otherships,fortheyhadreturnedbylandtowhereFernando
deMagalhaeswas,andtheycontinuedcollectingthegoods
whichhadremainedthereduringAugustanduptothe18th
September,andtheretheytookinwaterandmuchfish
whichtheycaughtinthisriver;andintheother,where
^ThesliipwliicliwasherelostwastheSantiago^thecaptainof
whichwasJoaoSerrao.LisbonAc.note.
^Thereseemstobesomemistakehereortranscriber's error. Itis
seenbythenarrativethatthenavigators,havingarrivedatPortSt.
JulianattheendofMarch,orbeginningofApril,andgoingoutofit
onthe24thofAugust,theywinteredthereforthespaceoffourmonths
andtwenty-fourdays,andthisiswhatPigafettasays :"theypassed
therenearlyfivemonths." LisbonAc.note.
3"Ehaviadellesaosull73gr.menos10minutos." Ithasbeen
impossibleforustounderstandthecalculationsofthewriterinthis
place.LisbonAc.note.Apossibleexplanationofthispassagemaybe
foundinapassageofCastanheda, lib.6,cap.13,whichdescribes
St.JulianasdistantfromSeville71deg.fromNorthtoSouth,andthis
calculationwouldrefertothedistancefromSeville.
*TheanonymousPortuguese, thecompanionofDuarteBarbosa,
saystheygaveitthenameof"SantaCruz,"becausetheyarrivedthere
the14thofSeptember,thedayoftheExaltationoftheHolyCross.
LisbonAc.note.

83. FERNANDODEMAGALHAES. 5
theywintered,therewerepeoplelikesavages,andthemen
arefromninetotenspansinheight,verywellmade;they
havenotgothouses,theyonlygoaboutfromoneplaceto
anotherwiththeirflocks,andeatmeatnearlyraw :theyare
allofthemarchersandkillmanyanimalswitharrows,and
withtheskinstheymakeclothes,thatistosay,theymake
theskinsverysupple,andfashionthemaftertheshapeof
thebody,aswellastheycan,thentheycoverthemselves
withthem,andfastenthembyabeltroundthewaist.
Whentheydonotwishtobeclothedfromthewaistup-
wards,theyletthathalffallwhichisabovethewaist,and
thegarmentremainshangingdownfromthebeltwhichthey
havegirtroundthem.^Theywearshoeswhichcoverthem
fourinchesabovetheankle,fullofstrawinsidetokeeptheir
feetwarm.Theydonotpossessanyiron,noranyother
ingenuityofweapons,onlytheymakethepointsoftheir
arrowswithflints,andsoalsothekniveswithwhichthey
cut,andtheadzeandawlswithwhichtheycutandstitch
theirshoesandclothes.Theyareveryagilepeople,and
donoharm,andthustheyfollowtheirflocks :wherever
nightfindsthemtheretheysleep;theycarrytheirwives
alongwiththemwithallthechattelswhichtheypossess.
Thewomenareverysmallandcarryheavyburdensontheir
backs;theywearshoesandclothesjustlikethemen.Of
thesementheyobtainedthreeorfourandbroughtthemin
theships,andtheyalldiedexceptone,whowenttoCastile
inashipwhichwentthither.^
TheysailedfromthisriverofSantaCruzonthe18thof
Octoberftheycontinuednavigatingalongthecoastuntil
1IntheIllustratedNewsofMarch27th,1869,thereisadra-wingof
somePatagoniaDs :thesearerepresentedalmostexactlyastheyarede-
scribedinthetext,forsomeofthemhavetheirshouldersbare,andthe
skinsletdownbelowthewaistasheredescribed.
2Probablyintheshipwhichfledaway,aswillbementionedlater.
LisbonAc.note.
3Amoretti,theeditorofPigafetta,observes,thatwhilstthefleetwas
intheriverofSantaCruz,between50deg.and40deg.Southlatitude,

84. 6 NAVIGATIONANDVOYAGEOF
the21stdayofthesamemonth,October,whentheydis-
coveredacape,towhichtheygavethenameofCapeof
theVirgins,becausetheysighted itonthedayofthe
eleventhousandvirgins ;itisinfifty-twodegrees,alittle
moreorless,andfromthiscapeamatteroftwoorthree
leaguesdistance,wefoundourselvesatthemouthofastrait.-*-
Wesailedalongthesaidcoastwithinthatstraitwhichthey
hadreachedthemouthof:theyenteredinitalittleand
anchored. FernandodeMagalhaessenttodiscoverwhat
therewasfurtherin,andtheyfoundthreechannels,thatis
tosay,twomoreinasoutherlydirection,andonetraversing
thecountryinthedirectionofMaluco,butatthattime
therewas,onthe11thofOctober,aneclipseoftheSun,"which(he
says)thePortugueseandSpanishwritersmention,andtuhichisregistered
intheastronomical tables;"andhejudgesittobeanerrorofCastan-
hedaputtingthisphenomenononthe17thofApril,andhisattributing
toMagellanthecalculationoflongitudeof-whichhespeaks. Barros
alsomentionsaneclipseofthesuninApril. Itisnoteworthythat
neitherourpilot'snarrativenorPigafettamentionsaphenomenonwhich
stillinthosetimesdidnothappenwithoutcausingsomeimpressionon
men'sminds,oratleastwithoutexcitingpubliccuriosity. Lisbon
Ac.note.
IamindebtedtothecourtesyoftheAstronomerRoyal,Mr.G.B.
Airy,forthefollowinginformation,whichconfirmsCastanhedaand
Barros :"1520,April17.Therewascertainly(fromoiu-owncalcula-
tions)atotalsolareclipseabout1.20p.m.Greenwichtime.Butinthe
Artdeverifierlesdates,inwhichtheextremeSoutherneclipsesarenot
included,noneismentionedforApril17:consequentlytheeclipsewas
aSoutherneclipse,crossingtheSouthAtlantic."
'
ThisisthefamousstraitwhichtillthisdayisnamedtheStraitof
Magellan,fortheeternalandgloriousmemoryofthefamousPortuguese
whodiscovered it.Castanheda saysthatMagellan,onaccountof
arrivingthereonthe1stofNovember,gaveitthenameofAllSaints'
bay,andintheanswerwhichAndredeS.Martingavetotheinquiries
madetohimaboutthatnavigation,healsonamesthechannelthatof
AllSaints'(Barros,Dec.3,liv.5,cap.9).TheanonymousPortuguese,
thecompanion ofDuarteBarbosa,whomwehavequotedabove,and
whosailedinthe"Victoria,"saysthatatfirstthenavigatorscalledit
theStraitoftheVictoria,becausethatshipwasthefirstwhichsighted
it.(Ramusio,3rdedition,torn.i.page870).LisbonAc.note.

85. PEENAKDODEMAGALHAES. 7
tliiswasnotyetknown^onlythethreemouthswereseen.
Theboatswentthither^andbroughtbackword^andthey
setsailandanchoredatthesemouthsofthechannels^and
FernandodeMagalhaessenttwoshipstolearnwhatthere
waswithin^andtheseshipswent :onereturnedtothe
Captain-major,andtheother,ofwhichAlvarodeMesquita
wascaptain,enteredintooneofthebayswhichwastothe
south,anddidnotreturnanymore.FernandeMagalhaes
seeingthatitdidnotcomeback,setsail,^andthenext
dayhedidnotchoosetomakeforthebays,andwent
tothesouth,andtookanotherwhichrunsnorth-westand
south-east,andaquarterwestandeast.Heleftletters
intheplacefromwhichhesailed,sothatiftheothership
returned,itmightmakethecoursewhichheleftprescribed.
Afterthistheyenteredintothechannel,whichatsome
placeshasawidthofthreeleagues,andtwo,andone,and
insomeplaceshalfaleague,andhewentthroughitasloug
asitwasdaylight,andanchoredwhenitwasnight :andhe
senttheboats,andtheshipswentaftertheboats,andthey
broughtnewsthattherewasanoutlet,fortheyalreadysaw
thegreatseaontheotherside
;onwhichaccountFernando
''
AlvarodeMesquita,aPortuguese,andcousinofMagellan,was
captainofthisshipwhichwenttoexplorethepassagesoftheStraits,
anddidnotreturn,anditspilotwasEstevanGomes,alsoaPortuguese.
ThisEstevanGomeshadbeenrequestingtheEmperorCharlesV.to
confidetohimafewcaravelstogoanddiscovernewlands ;butasthe
proposalandenterpriseofMazellantheninterposeditself,andwaspre-
ferredandaccepted,EstevanGomescontinuedafterthattobeagreat
enemyoftheillustriouscaptain,andnowprofitedbytheopportunityto
revengehimselfonhim,andtogiveventtohisrabidenvy.Hecon-
spired,therefore,withothersagainstthecaptainofhisship,Alvarode
Mesquita
;theyputhiminirons,andbroughthimthustoSpainwith
theship,tellingtheEmperorthatMagellanwascrazy^andhadliedto
HisMajesty,becausehedidnotknowwhereBandawas,norMaluco.
Besidesthis,theybroughtaccusationsagainstMesquitaofhavingcoun-
selledandpersuadedMagellantousetheseverityandcrueltywithwhich
hepunishedthefirstconspirators, etc.(V.theLetterofTransylvauus
andCastanheda, liv.6,cap.8).LisbonAc,note.

86. O NAVIGATIONANDVOYAGEOP
deMagalhaesorderedmucliartillerytobefiredforrejoicing';^
andbeforetheywentfortbfromtbisstraittbeyfoundtwo
islands^tbefirstonelarger,andtbeothernearertowards
theoutletisthesmallerone :andtheywentoutbetween
theseislandsandthecoastonthesouthern side_,asitwas
deeperthanontheotherside.Thisstraitisahundred
leaguesinlengthtotheoutlet ;thatoutletandtheentrance
areinfifty-twodegreeslatitude.^Theymadeastayinthis
straitfromthe21stOctobertothe26thofNovember/
1TheshipsS.AntonioandCo7iceptionweresentonthisexploration
oftheStraits ;theywerewithdifficultyabletodoubletheCapePos-
session,namedthusinBougainville'smap,andinothers.Theyat
lengthenteredanarrowopening,whichinthemapsisnamedthefirst
gut,andtheyproceededthencetoanotherbay,whichisnamedBoucant
bay,orBoucam.Attheendofthistheyenteredintoanotherstrait,
namedthesecondgut,andhavingpassedthat,theycameoutintoanother
baylargerthantheformerones.Then,seeingthatthestraitwaspro-
longedandofferedanoutlettotheships,theyreturnedwiththegood
newstoMagellan,whowaswaitingforthem,andonseeinghim,they
firedoffalltheirartilleryandshoutedforjoy.Thefleetthensailed
togetherasfarasthethirdbay,andastheyfoundtwochannels,
Magellandesj)atchedthetwovessels,S.AntonioandConception,to
examinewhetherthechannel,whichtooktheS.W.direction,would
issueintothePacificsea.HereitwasthattheshipS.Antoniodeserted,
goingaheadofitscompanionforthatpurpose.Theothertwoships,
VictoriaandTrinity,meanwhileenteredthethirdchannel,wherethey
waitedfourdaysfortheexplorers. Duringthisinterval,Magellan
despatchedawellequippedboattodiscoverthecapewithwhichthe
straitoughttoterminate :thishavingbeensighted,andtheboatreturn-
ingwiththenews,aUshedtearsofconsolation,andtheygavetothis
capethenameofCapeDesire ;itisthatwhichisattheoutletofthe
straitontheSouthside.Theythenturnedbacktoseekfortheships
ConceptionandS.Antonio,andleavingmarksbywhichthisonemight
steer,incaseofitshavinglosttheway(fortheywerestillignorantof
itsdesertion),theysailedforwarduntiltheycameoutintothePacific
Ocean.LisbonAc.note.
2TheParisManuscripthas"fullyin52degrees." LisbonAc.note.
3Pigafettaremarks :Inthestraitinwhichtheywere,inthemonth
ofOctober,thenightwasonlyofthreehours ;andTransylvansaysthat,
inNovemberthenavigatorsfoundthenightoflittlemorethanfive
hours
;andthatononenighttheysawtothelefthandmanyfires. It

87. FERNANDODEMAGALHAES. 9
whiclimakesthirtj-sixdaysofthesaidyearof1520^and
assoonastlieywentoutfromthestraittosea^theymade
theircourse^forthemostpart^towest-north-west^when
theyfoundthattheirneedlesvariedtothenorth-west
almosttwo-fourthsjandaftertheyhadnavigatedthusfor
manydays^theyfoundanislandinalittlemoreorlessthan
eighteendegrees^ornineteendegrees_,andalsoanother,
whichwasinfromthirteentofourteendegrees,andthisin
southlatitude;^theyareuninhabited. Theyranonuntil
theyreachedtheline,whenFernandeMagalhaessaidthat
nowtheywereintheneighbourhoodofMaluco,ashehadin-
formationthattherewerenoprovisionsatMaluco,hesaidthat
hewouldgoinanortherlydirectionasfarastenortwelve
degrees,andtheyreachedtoasfarasthirteendegrees
north,andinthislatitudetheynavigatedtothewest,anda
quartersouth-west,amatterofahundredleagues,where
onthe6thofMarch,1521,theyfetchedtwoislandsin-
habitedbymanypeople,andtheyanchoredatoneofthem,
whichisintwelvedegreesnorth;andtheinhabitantsare
peopleoflittletruth,andtheydidnottakeprecautions
againstthemuntiltheysawthattheyweretakingawaythe
skiffoftheflagship,andtheycuttheropewithwhichit
wasmadefast,andtookitashorewithouttheirbeingable
topreventit.TheygavethisislandthenameofThieves*
Island(dosladroesj
.^
isfromthisthatthatcountrycametobecalledTerradofocjo.Lisbon
Ac.note.
1TheParisMS.has,andalsootherswhichwere,&c.Pigafetta
placesthesetwoislandsin15deg.and9deg.Southlatitude. See
Amoretti'snote,p.45,upontheirsituation,inwhichhesupposesthem
tobeinthearchipelago oftheSocietyIslands.Insomemapsthey
aredesignatedbythenameofInfortunadas. LisbonAc.note.
^SomewritersremarkthatMagellangavetotheseislandsthename
ofllliasdasvelas.,onaccountofthemanyvesselswithsailswhichhe
observedinthatneighbourhood. Buttheycontinuedtobecommonly
calledLadrones ;latertheytookthenameofMariannas,inhonourof
theQueenD.MariannaofAustria,widowofPhilipIV,andRegent
daringtheminorityofD.CarlosII.ofCastile. LisbonAc.note.

88. 10 NAVIGATIONANDVOYAGEOF
FernandodeMagalhiiesseeingthattheskiffwaslost,set
sail,asitwasalreadynight,tackingaboutuntilthenext
day;assoonasitwasmorningtheyanchoredattheplace
wheretheyhadseentheskiffcarriedoffto,andheordered
twoboatstobegotreadywithamatteroffiftyorsixty
men,andhewentashoreinperson,andburnedthewhole
village,andtheykilledsevenoreightpersons,betweenmen
andwomen,andrecoveredtheskiff,andreturnedtothe
ships ',andwhiletheyweretheretheysawfortyorfifty
paros-^come,whichcamefromthesameland,andbrought
muchrefreshments.^
FernandeMagalhaeswouldnotmakeanyfurtherstay,
andatoncesetsail,andorderedthecoursetobesteered
west,andaquartersouth-west;andsotheymadeland,
whichisinbarelyelevendegrees. Thislandisanisland,
buthewouldnottouchatthisone,andtheywenttotouch
atanotherfurtheronwhichappeared first.^Fernandode
Magalhaessentaboatashoretoobservethenatureofthe
island ;whentheboatreachedland,theysawfromtheships
twopardoscomeoutfrombehindthepoint;thenthey
calledbacktheirboat.Thepeopleoftheparaosseeing
thattheboatwasreturningtotheships,turnedbackthe
paraos,andtheboatreachedtheships,whichatonceset
sailforanotherislandveryneartothisisland,whichisin
tendegrees,andtheygaveitthenameoftheislandof
GoodSigns,becausetheyfoundsomegoldinit.*Whilst
>Pards:soourmanuscriptsalwayswriteit.IntheeditionofPiga-
fettaitisconstantlywrittenpraos. Itisthesamekindofvesselthat
ourwritersoftheaffairsofAsianameparad^whichisofvarioussizes,
andismuchusedintheSouthSeaIslands. Pigafettasaysitisakind
offustaorgalliot.LisbonAc.note.
2TheParismanuscripthas"muchrefreshments offruit."Lisbon
Ac.note.
3"Aprimeira;"theParismanuscripthas"daprimeira ;"thismeans,
whichwasfirstsighted. SeetheRelationofPigafetta.,Amoretti,p.S-i,
March16,1521.LisbonAc.note.
*Pigafettasays:"WenamedthewateringplaceofGoodSigns,

89. PERNAKDODEMAGALHAES. 11
theyweretliusanchoredatthisisland^therecametothem,
twoparaos,andbroughtthemfowlsandcocoanuts,and
toldthemthatthejhadalreadyseenthereothermenlike
them,fromwhichtheypresumed thatthesemightbe
LequiosoxMogores-^anationofpeoplewhohavethisname,
orOJiiisfandthencetheysetsail,andnavigatedfurtheron
amongstmanyislands,towhichtheygavethenameofthe
ValleyIVithoiitPeril,andalsoSt.Lazarus,^andtheyranon
toanotherislandtwentyleaguesfromthat'^fromwhichthey
sailed,whichisintendegrees,^andcametoanchoratanother
island,whichisnamedMacangor,^whichisinninedegrees
;
andinthisislandtheywereverywellreceived,andthey
placedacrossinit.'^Thiskingconductedthemthencea
matterofthirtyleaguestoanotherislandnamedCabo,^
becausehereAvefoundtwospringsofexcellentwater,andthefirstsigns
oftherebeinggoldinthecountry." LisbonAc.note.
^ParisMS.Guoroos. LisbonAc.note,
2Paris,"Chinas."
3ParisMS. :"TowhichtheygavethenameofArchijoelago ofSt.
Lazarus."Wesuspectthereissomeerrorofthecopyisthereinour
text,notonlyonaccountofthenoveltyofthenameVailSemPeriguo,
butalsoonaccountofitsimpropriety. TheParisMS.sayssimply
ArchipelagoofSt.Lazarus. Pigafettaalsosays,"Theygavethename
ofArchipelagoofSt.Lazarus,"astheyarrivedthereonthe5thSunday
ofLent,whichisnamedofLazarus.Now,theseislandsarenamedPhilip-
pines,whichwasgiventhemintheyear1642,inhonourofD.Phihp
ofAustria,sonofCharlesV",andafterwardsKingofCastile.Theyare
between225deg.and235deg.W.long,ofFerro,consequentlybetween
195deg.and205deg.fromthelineofdemarcation. LisbonAc.7iote.
*ParisMS. ;"Theyranamatterof25leaguesfromthat."
sMadridMS.,9degrees.
6ParisMS.,Ma9aguoa. MadridMS.,Maquamguoa.
'ItappearsthiscrosswassetupintheislandofMassana,where
MasswascelebratedonthelastdayofMarch,whichinthisyearwas
EasterSunday.TheislandissetdownbyPigafettain9deg.40min.,
andtheeditorputsitin192deg."VV.long,fromthelineofdemarcation.
^Thisisland,whichisnamedandwrittenCaboinbothMSS., isthe
islandZebu,oneofthePhilippines,whichotherswriteCabu,Zabu,
Subsuth,Zubut,Cubo,Subo,andZubo,foritisfoundinalltheseforms
indifferentwritings. LisbonAc.note.

90. 12 NAVIGATIONANDVOYAGE0¥
whichisintendegrees^andinthisislandFernandode
Magalhaesdidwhathepleasedwiththeconsentofthe
conntry,andinonedayeighthundredpeoplebecame
Christian^onwhichaccountFernandeMagalhaesdesired
thattheotherkings^neighbourstothisone^shouldbecome
subjecttothiswhohadbecomeChristian:andthesedidnot
choosetoyieldsuchobedience.FernandeMagalhaesseeing
that^gotreadyonenightwithhisboats,andburnedthe
villagesofthosewhowouldnotyieldthesaidobedience;^
andamatteroftenortwelvedaysafterthiswasdonehe
senttoavillageabouthalfaleaguefromthatwhichhehad
burned,whichisnamedMatam,andwhichisalsoanisland,
andorderedthemtosendhimatoncethreegoats,threepigs,
threeloadsofrice,andthreeloadsofmilletforprovisions
fortheships;theyrepliedthatofeacharticlewhichhesent
toaskthemthreeof,theywouldsendtohimbytwos,and
ifhewassatisfiedwiththistheywouldatoncecomply,if
not,itmightbeashepleased,butthattheywouldnotgive
it.Becausetheydidnotchoosetograntwhathedemanded
ofthem,FernandeMagalhaesorderedthreeboatstobe
equippedwithamatteroffiftyorsixtymen,^andwent
againstthesaidplace,whichwasonthe28thdayofApril,
inthemorning;^theretheyfoundmanypeople,whomight
wellbeasmanyasthreethousandorfourthousandmen,
whofoughtwithsuchagoodwillthatthesaidFernande
Magalhaeswaskilledthere,withsisofhismen,*inthe
year1521.
^ParisMS. :"Andburnedavillageofthosewhowouldnotyield
thesaidobedience."ThenarrativeofPigafettastates:"Heburned
twentyorthirtyhousesofthevillage," LisbonAc.note.
2Pigafettasays:"Wewere60armedmen,48wentonshorewith
Magellan ;the11remainedtoguardtheboats.LisbonAc.note.
3ParisMS. :"Andwentagainstthesaidplace,anditwasonthe
27thdayofApril." Pigafettaalsoplacesthiseventonthe27thof
April,andobservesthatitwasonSaturdxiy.,whichintruthtookplace
thatyearonthe27th,andnotonthe28thofApril.LisbonAc.note.
1Pigafettasays:"WitheightofourmenthereperishedfourIndians

91. TEENANDODEMAGALFAES. 13
WhenFernandeMagalhaeswasdeadtlieChristiansgot
backtotheships,wheretheythoughtfittomaketwocap-
tainsandgovernorswhomtheyshouldobey;^andhaving
donethis^theytookcounsel[anddecided]thatthetwocap-
tainsshouldgoashorewherethepeoplehadturnedChristians
toaskforpilotstotakethemtoBorneo,andthiswasonthe
firstdayofMayofthesaidyear;whenthetwocaptainswent,
beingagreeduponwhathadbeensaid,thesamepeopleof
thecountrywhohadbecomeChristians,armedthemseIves
againstthem,andwhilsttheyreachedtheshoreletthem
landinsecurityastheyhaddonebefore.Thentheyattacked
them,andkilledthetwocaptainsandtwenty-sixgentlemen,^
andtheotherpeoplewhoremainedgotbacktotheboats,
andreturnedtotheships,andfindingthemselvesagainwith-
outcaptainstheyagreed,inasmuchastheprincipalpersons
werekilled,thatoneJoamLopez,^whowasthechieftrea-
surer,shouldbecaptain-major ofthefleet,andthechief
ofthosewhohadbecomeChristians,andwehadmanywounded,Ibeing
oneofthem;oftheenemytherefellonlyfifteenmen."LisbonAc.
note.
'
Pigafettasays :"Wethenchoseinsteadofthecaptain,DuarteBar-
bosa,aPortuguese,hisrelation,andJohnSerrano,aSpaniard.The
firstcommandedtheflagship."
2ParisMS.:"Theykilledthetwocaptains,andalso2Qmenwith
them." ItwasonthisoccasionthatDuarteBarbosa,aPortuguese,and
brother-in-law ofMagellan,waskilled.Hewasoneofthecaptains
herementioned. Someofourwritershavesaid,orconjectured,that
DuarteBarbosawaskilledbypoison ;butthisisamistake.Thebar-
barians,indeed,drewtheCastiliansashoreunderthepretextofgiving
themabanquet,butitdoesnotfollowfromthatthattheypoisoned
them.TheTransylvansays :interepulandum,ahiis^quiininsidiis
collocatifuerant,opprimuntur. Fitclamorundique:nuntiaturproti-
nusinnavihusnostrasoccisos. SeeBarros,3,5,10.Theothercap-
tain,whowasJohnSerrano,wasnotkilled,butremainedaliveinthe
bandsofthebarbariansatthetimetheboatsmadeoff,because,not-
withstandingthemostmournfulsupplicationswhichhemadefromthe
shoreforrescue,JoanLopesdeCarvalhofearedfurthertreachery,and
orderedtheanchortobeweighed. LisbonAc.note.
^ParisMS.:"OneYoamLopezdeCarvalho." LisbonAc.note.

92. 14 NAVIGATIONANDVOYAGEOP
constableofthefleetshouldbecaptainofoneoftheships
;
hewasnamedGronzaloYazDespinosa.^
Havingdonethistheysetsail^andranabouttwenty-five
leagueswiththreeships_,whichtheystillpossessed ;they
thenmustered,andfoundthattheywerealtogetherone
hundredandeightmen^inallthesethreeships,andmany
ofthemwerewoundedandsick,onwhichaccounttheydid
notventuretonavigatethethreeships,andthoughtitwould
bewelltoburnoneofthem—theonethatshouldbemost
suitableforthatpurpose^—andtotakeintothetwoships
thosethatremained :thistheydidoutatsea,outofsight
ofanyland.Whiletheydidthismanyparaoscameto
speaktothem;andnavigatingamongsttheislands,forin
thatneighbourhood thereareagreatmany,theydidnot
understandoneanother,fortheyhadnointerpreter,forhe
hadbeenkilledwithFemandeMagalhaes. Sailingfurther
onamongstisletstheycametoanchoratanislandwhichis
namedCarpyam,*wherethereisgoldenough,andthis
islandisinfullyeightdegrees.
WhilstatanchorinthisportofCapyam,*theyhadspeech
withtheinhabitantsoftheisland,andmadepeacewith
them,andCarvalho,whowascaptain-major,gavethemthe
boatoftheshipwhichhadbeenburnt:thisislandhasthree^
isletsintheoffing ;heretheytookinsomerefreshments,
andsailedfurtherontowestsouth-west,andfellinwith
anotherisland,whichisnamedCaram,andisineleven
degrees;fromthistheywentonfurthertowestsouth-west,^
1ParisMS.:"GonzaloGomezDespinosa." LisbonAc.note.
^Barrossays180men,andthisseemsmoreprobable,consideringthe
numberofthemenwhosailedinthefleetandofthosewhomightthen
havebeenlost,andthosewhowerelostlater,andalsoofthosewhoat
lastreachedTernateandEurope. LisbonAc.note.TheMadridMS.
has180men,writteninfull,"Semteheoytetahomes."
*PigafettasaystheyburnedtheshipConception.
*ParisMS.,"Quype." LisbonAc.note.
5ParisMS.has"twoislets."LisbonAc.note.
®ParisMS. :"which isnamedCagujam,andisinsevendegrees
;

93. I-EENANDODEMAGALHAES. 15
andfellinwith,alargeisland^andranalongtliecoastof
tliisislandtothenorth-east^^andreachedasfarasnine
degreesandahalf/wheretheywentashoreoneday^witli
theboatsequippedtoseekforprovisions^forintheships
therewasnownotmorethanforeightdays.Onreaching
shoretheinhabitantswouldnotsufferthemtoland^and
shotatthemwitharrowsofcanehardenedinthefire^so
thattheyreturnedtotheships.
Seeingthisjtheyagreedtogotoanotherisland^where
theyhadhadsomedealings,toseeiftheycouldgetsome
provisions.Thentheymetwithacontrarywind,andgoing
aboutaleagueinthedirectioninwhichtheywishedtogo,
theyanchored,andwhilstatanchortheysawthatpeopleon
shorewerehailingthemtogothither ;theywenttherewith,
theboats,andastheywerespeakingtothosepeopleby
signs,fortheydidnotunderstandeachotherotherwise,a
manatarms,namedJoamdeCampos,toldthemtolethim
goonshore,sincetherewerenoprovisionsintheships,and
itmightbethattheywouldobtainsomemeansofgetting
provisions ;andthatifthepeoplekilledhim,theywould
notlosemuchvnthhim,forGodwouldtakethoughtofhis
soul;andalsoifhefoundprovisions,andiftheydidnotkill
him,hewouldfindmeansforbringingthemtotheships :
andtheythoughtwellofthis.Sohewentonshore,andas
soonashereachedit,theinhabitantsreceivedhim,andtook
himintotheinteriorthedistanceofaleague,andwhenhe
wasinthevillageallthepeoplecametoseehim,andthey
gavehimfood,andentertainedhimwell,especiallywhen
fromthistheywentonfurthertotheWestNorth-west," Lisbon
Ac.note.MadridMS.sevendegrees.
1ParisMS.,"totheNorth-east. MadridMS.,"North-east." The
LisbonAcademycopyisthasNorth-west,andhasmistakentheParisMS.
onthispoint.
2ThispositionseemstoindicatetheislandofPalavan,whichPigafetta
placesin9deg.20min.LisbonAc.note.

94. 16 NAVIGATIONANDVOYAGEOF
theysawthatheatepig^sflesh;becauseinthisislandthey
haddealingswiththeMoorsofBorneo^andbecausethe
countryandpeopleweregreedy,theymadethemneither
eatpigsnorbringthemupinthecountry.Thiscountryis
calledDyguasam,^andisinninedegrees.
ThesaidChristianseeingthathewasfavouredandwell
treatedbytheinhabitants,gavethemtounderstandby
hissignsthattheyshouldcarryprovisionstotheships,
whichwouldbewellpaidfor.Inthecountrytherewas
nothingexceptricenotpounded.Thenthepeoplesetto
poundingriceallthenight,andwhenitwasmorningthey
tookthericeandthesaidChristian,andcametotheships,
wheretheydidthemgreathonour,-andtookinthericeand
paidthem,andtheyreturnedonshore. Thismanbeing
alreadysetonshore,inhabitantsofanothervillage,alittle
furtheron,cametotheshipsandtoldthemtogototheir
village,andthattheywouldgivethemmuchprovisionsfor
theirmoney;andassoonasthesaidmanwhomtheyhad
sentarrived,theysetsailandwenttoanchoratthevillage
ofthosewhohadcometocallthem,whichwasnamed
YayPalayCucaraCaubam,^whereCarvalhomadepeace
withthekingofthecountry,andtheysettledtheprice
oftherice,andtheygavethemtwomeasuresofricewhich
weighedonehundredandfourteenpounds^forthreefathoms
oflinenstuffofBritanny
;theytookthereasmuchriceas
theywanted,andgoatsandpigs,andwhilsttheywereat
thisplacetherecameaMoor,whohadbeeninthevillage
1ParisMS.,"Degameao." LisbonAc.note.MadridMS.,"Dy-
gam^am."
2ParisMS.,"ypalajracaracanao."LisbonAc.note.Ireadthis,
"
y
palaycucaracanao:"theMadridMS.has"fulaycucaracabam."
The"wordfolay.,Tagalforrice,andthenextsentenceinthetextseem
toindicatethatanoffertotradewasmistakenforthenameofthis
island.
3ParisMS.,"onehundredweightandfourteenpounds." Lisbon
Ac.note.

95. FEENANDODEMAGALHAES. 17
ofDygua^am,^whichbelongstotheMoorsofBorneo^as
hasbeensaidabove_,andafterthathewenttohiscountry.
WhiletheywereatanchornearthisvillageofDigua^am/
therecametothemaparaoinwhichtherewasanegro
namedBastiam,whoaskedforaflagandapassportforthe
governorofDiguacjam^andtheygavehimallthisandother
thingsasapresent.TheyaskedthesaidBastiam^who
spokePortuguese sufficiently well,sincehehadbeenin
MalucOjwherehebecameaChristian,ifhewouldgowith
themandshewthemBorneo ;hesaidhewouldverywill-
ingly,andwhenthedeparturearrivedhehidhimself,and
seeingthathedidnotcome,theysetsailfromthisportof
Diguacamonthe21stdayofJuly^toseekforBorneo.As
theysetsailtherecametothemaparao,whichwascoming
totheportofDiguacam,andtheytookit,andinitthey
tookthreeMoors,whosaidtheywerepilots,andthatthey
wouldtakethemtoBorneo.
HavinggottheseMoors,theysteeredalongthisislandto
thesouth-west,andfellinwithtwoislandsatitsextremity,
andpassedbetweenthem
;thatonthenorthsideisnamed
Bolyna,andthatonthesouthBamdym.^ Sailingtothe
westsouth-westamatteroffourteenleagues,theyfellin
withawhitebottom,whichwasashoalbelowthewater,
andtheblackmentheycarriedwiththemtoldthemtodraw
neartothecoastoftheisland,asitwasdeeperthere,and
thatwasmoreinthedirectionofBorneo,forfromthat
neighbourhoodtheislandofBorneocouldalreadybesighted.
Thissamedaytheyreachedandanchoredatsomeislands,
towhichtheygavethenameofisletsofSt,Paul,which
>ParisMS.,"Digaqao;" itisalsowrittenDigamcaandDiga^a.
LishoQiAc.note.
2ParisMS.,"21stdayofJune."LisbonAc.note.MadridMS.,
"21stdayofJune."
3ParisMS."TheislandtotheNorthisnamedBolava,andthatto
theSouthBamdill." LisbonAc.?iote.MadridMS.,"Bolinaand
Bamdill."
C

96. 18 NAVIGATIONANDVOYAGEOF
wasamatteroftwoandahalforthreeleaguesfromthe
greatislandofBorneo^andtheywereinaboutsevendegrees
atthesouthsideoftheseislands. IntheislandofBorneo
thereisanexceedinglygreatmountain^towhichtheygave
thenameofMountSt.Paul;andfromthencetheynavi-
gatedalongthecoastofBorneotothesouth-west,beweenan
islandandtheislandofBorneoitself;andtheywentforward
onthesamecourseandreachedtheneighbourhood of
Borneo/andtheMoorswhomtheyhadwiththemtoldthem
thattherewasBorneo,andthewinddidnotsufferthemto
arrivethither,asitwascontrary. Theyanchoredatan
islandwhichisthere,andwhichmaybeeightleaguesfrom
Borneo.
Closetothisislandisanotherwhichhasmanymyrobolans,
andthenextdaytheysetsailfortheotherisland,whichis
nearertotheportofBorneo ;andgoingalongthusthey
sawsomanyshoalsthattheyanchored,andsenttheboats
ashoreinBorneo,andtheytooktheaforesaidMoorishpilots
onshore,andtherewentaChristianwiththem;andthe
boatswenttosetthemonland,fromwhencetheyhadtogo
tothecityofBorneo,whichwasthreeleaguesoff,andthere
theyweretakenbeforetheShahbenderofBorneo,andhe
askedwhatpeopletheywere,andforwhattheycameinthe
ships
;andtheywerepresentedtotheKingofBorneowith
theChristian.Assoonastheboatshadsetthesaidmen
onshore,theysoundedinordertoseeiftheshipscouldcome
incloser:andduringthistheysawthreejunkswhichwere
comingfromtheportofBorneofromthesaidcityoutto
sea,andassoonastheysawtheshipstheyreturnedin-
shore :continuingtosound,theyfoundthechannelbywhich
theportisentered ;theythensetsail,andenteredthis
channel,andbeingwithinthechanneltheyanchored,and
wouldnotgofurtherinuntiltheyreceivedamessagefrom
'ParisMS.,"theneighbourhood oftheportofBorneo." Lisbon
Ac.note.

97. FERNANDOBEMAGALHAES. 19
theshore^whicharrivednextdaywithtwoparaos :these
carriedcertainswivelgunsofmetal^andahundredmenin
eachparaOjandtheybroughtgoatsandfowls^andtwocows,
andfigs,andotherfruit,andtoldthemtoenterfurtherin
oppositetheislandswhichwerenearthere,whichAvasthe
trueberth;andfromthispositiontothecitytheremight
bethreeorfourleagues. Whilstthusatanchortheyesta-
blishedpeace,andsettledthattheyshouldtradeinwhat
therewasinthecountry,especiallywax,towhichthey
answeredthattheywouldwillinglysellallthattherewasin
thecountryfortheirmoney. ThisportofBorneoisin
eightdegrees.
FortheanswerthusreceivedfromtheKingtheysent
himapresentbyGonzaloMendesDespinosa,^captainofthe
shipVictoria,andtheKingacceptedthepresent,andgave
toallofthemChinastuffs :andwhentherehadpassedtwenty
ortwenty-threedaysthattheyweretheretradingwiththe
peopleoftheisland,andhadgotfivemenonshoreinthe
cityitself,therecametoanchoratthebar,closetothem,
fivejunks,atthehourofvespers,andtheyremainedthere
thateveningandthenightuntilnextdayinthemorning,
whentheysawcomingfromthecitytwohundredparaos,
someundersail,othersrowing. Seeinginthismannerthe
fivejunksandtheparaos,itseemedtothemthattheremiglit
betreachery,andtheysetsailforthejunks,andassoonas
thecrewsofthejunkssawthemundersail,theyalsoset
sailandmadeoffwherethewindbestservedthem;and
theyoverhauledoneofthejunkswiththeboats,andtookit
withtwenty-sevenmenf
andtheshipswentandanchored
abreastoftheislandoftheMyrololans,withthejunkmade
fasttothepoopoftheflagship,andtheparaosreturnedto
shore,andwhennightcametherecameonasquallfromthe
1ParisMS.,"GonzaloGomezDespinosa."
^ParisMS.,"withseventeenmen."LisbonAc.note.Ireadtwenty-
sevenintheParisMS.
g2

98. 20 NAVIGATIONANDVOYAGEOF
westinwliiclithesaidjunkwenttotliebottomalongside
theflagship^withoutbeingabletoreceiveanyassistance
fromit.^
Nextdayinthemorningtheysawasail,andwenttoit
andtookit;thiswasagreatjunkinwhichthesonofthe
KingofLucamcameascaptain,andhadwithhimninety
men,andassoonastheytookthemtheysentsomeofthem
totheKingofBorneo ;andtheysenthimwordbythese
mentosendtheChristianswhomtheyhadgotthere,who
weresevenmen,andtheywouldgivehimallthepeople
whomtheyhadtakeninthejunk;onwhichaccountthe
Kingsenttwomenofthesevenwhomhehadgottherein
aparao,andtheyagainsenthimwordtosendthefivemen
whostillremained,andtheywouldsendallthepeoplewhom
theyhadgotfromthejunk.Theywaitedtwodaysforthe
answer,andtherecamenomessage ;thentheytookthirty
menfromthejunk,andputthemintoaparaobelongingto
thejunk,andsentthemtotheKingofBorneo,andsetsail
withfourteenmenofthosetheyhadtakenandthreewomen;
andtheysteeredalongthecoastofthesaidislandtothe
north-east,returningbackwards ;andtheyagainpassed
betweentheislandsandthegreatislandofBorneo,where
theflagshipgroundedonapointoftheisland,andsore-
mainedmorethanfourhours,andthetideturnedandit
gotoff,bywhichitwasseenclearlythatthetidewasof
twenty-fourhours.
^
Whilstmakingtheaforesaidcoursethewindshiftedto
north-east,andtheystoodouttosea,andtheysawasail
coming,andtheshipsanchored,andtheboatswentto
itandtookit;itwasasmalljunkandcarriednothingbut
^Semseaproveitarnadadelle^or,withouttheirhavingmadeany
useofit.
2ParisMS."Andsoremainedamatteroffourteenhours,forit
waslowwater,bywhichitwasclearlyseenthatthetidewasoffourteen
hours."LisbonAc.note.

99. TEENANDODEMAGALHAES. 21
cocoa-nuts jandtheytookinwaterandwood^andsetsail
alongtliecoastoftlieislandtotlienorth-east^untilthey
reachedtheextremityofthesaidisland^andmetwith
anothersmallisland,wheretheyoverhauledtheships.
TheyarrivedatthisislandonthedayofourLadyof
August,andinittheyfoundaverygoodpointforbeaching
theships,andtheygaveitthenameofPortSt.Maryof
August,anditisinfullysevendegrees.
Assoonastheyhadtakentheseprecautionstheyset
sailandsteeredtothesouth-westuntiltheysightedthe
islandwhichisnamedFagajam,^andthisisacourseof
thirty-eighttofoitjleagues :andassoonastheysighted
thisislandtheysteeredtothesouth-west,andagainmade
anislandwhichiscalledSeloque,^andtheyhadinformation
thatthereweremanypearlsthere :andwhentheyhad
alreadysightedthatislandthewindshiftedtoahead-wind,
andtheycouldnotfetchitbythecoursetheyweresailing,
anditseemedtothemthatitmightbeinsixdegrees.
ThissamenighttheyarrivedattheislandofQuipe,and
ranalongittothesouth-east,andpassedbetween itand
anotherislandcalledTamgym,^andalwaysrunningalong
thecoastofthesaidisland,andgoingthus,theyfellinwith
aparaoladenwithsagoinloaves,whichisbreadmadeofa
treewhich isnamed cajare,'^whichthepeopleofthat
countryeatasbread. Thisparaocarriedtwenty-onemen,
andthechiefofthemhadbeeninMalucointhehouseof
FranciscoSerram,andhavinggonefurtheralongthisisland
theyarrivedinsightofsomeislandswhicharenamed
Semrrynj^theyareinfivedegrees,alittlemoreorless.
Theinhabitantsofthislandcametoseetheships,andso
theyhadspeechofoneanother,andanoldmanofthese
peopletoldthemthathewouldconductthemtoMaluco.
1ParisMS.,"Cagamja."Lisbon ^ParisMS.,"Tamgyma." Ibid.
Ac.note.
'ParisMS.,"Sagu." Ibid.
2ParisMS.,"Solloque." Ihid.
'ParisMS.,"Saniyns." Ibid.

100. 22 NAVIGATIONANDVOYAGEOP
Inthismanner,havingfixedatimewiththeoldman,an
agreementwasmadewithhim,andtheygavehimacertain
priceforthis;andwhenthenextdaycame,andtheywere
todepart,theoldmanintendedtoescape,andtheyunder-
stoodit,andtookhimandotherswhowerewithhim,and
whoalsosaidthattheyknewpilot'swork,andtheysetsail
;
andassoonastheinhabitantssawthemgotheyfittedout
togoafterthem :andoftheseparaostheredidnotreach
theshipsmorethantwo,andthesereachedsonearthatthey
shotarrowsintotheships,andthewindwasfresh^andthey
couldnotcomeupwiththem.Atmidnightofthatdaythey
sightedsomeislands,andtheysteeredmoretowardsthem
;
andnextdaytheysawland,whichwasanisland;andat
nightfollowingthatdaytheyfoundthemselvesverycloseto
it,andwhennightfellthewindcalmedandthecurrents
drewthemverymuchinshore ;theretheoldpilotcasthim-
selfintothesea,andbetookhimselftoland.
Sailingthusforward,afteroneofthepilotshadfled,they
sightedanotherislandandarrivedclosetoit,andanother
MoorishpilotsaidthatMalucowasstillfurtheron,and
navigatingthus,thenextdayinthemorningtheysighted
threehighmountains,whichbelongedtoanationofpeople
whomtheycalledtheSalabosfandthentheysawasmall
islandwheretheyanchoredtotakeinsomewater,andbe-
causetheyfearedthatinMalucotheywouldnotbeallowed
totakeitin;andtheyomitteddoingso,becausetheMoorish
pilottoldthemthatthereweresomefourhundred^menin
thatisland,andthattheywereallverybad,andmightdo
themsomeinjury,astheyweremenoflittlefaith
;andthat
hewouldgivethemnosuchadviceastogotothatisland
;
andalsobecauseMaluco,whichtheywereseeking,wasnow
i
ParisMS.,"light." LisbonAc.note.TheParisMS.seemstome
tohave"fresquo,"andnot"ffraqtio."
2ParisMS.,"Calibes." LisbonAc.note.
2ParisMS.,"fivehuudi-ed." LisbonAc.note.

101. FERNANDODEMAGALHAES. 23
near,andthatitskingsweregoodmen,whogaveagood
receptiontoallsortsofmenintheircountry;andwhilestill
inthisneighbourhood^ thejsawtheislandsthemselvesof
MalucOjandforrejoicingtheyfiredalltheartilleiy,and
theyarrivedattheisland^onthe8thofNovemberof1521,
sothattheyspentfromSevilletoMalucotwoyears,two
monthsandtwenty-eight days,fortheysailedonthe10th
ofAugustof1519.^
AssoonastheyarrivedattheislandofTydor,"^whichis
inhalfadegree,theKingthereofdidthemgreathonour,
whichcouldnotbeexceeded :theretheytreatedwiththe
Kingfortheircargo,andtheKingengagedtogivethema
cargoandwhatevertherewasinthecountryfortheirmoney,
andtheysettledtogiveforthebaharofclovesfourteenells
ofyellowclothoftwenty-seven tem,^whichareworthin
Castileaducattheell;ofredclothofthesamekindten
ells
jtheyalsogavethirtyellsofBrittanylinencloth,and
foreachofthesequantitiestheyreceivedabaharofcloves,
likewiseforthirtykniveseightbahars :^havingthussettled
alltheabovementionedprices,theinhabitantsofthecountry
gavetheminformationthatfurtheron,inanotherisland
near,therewasaPortugueseman.Thisislandmightbetwo
leaguesdistant,anditwasnamedTargatell
;'''
thismanwas
thechiefpersonofMaluco ;therewenowhavegotafortress.^
TheythenwroteletterstothesaidPortuguese,tocomeand
speakwiththem,towhichheansweredthathedidnotdare,
''
ParisMS.,"inthesediscussions." LisbonAc.note.
2ParisMS."ofTidore." LisbonAc.note.
^Pigafettasays :"OnFriday,8thofNovember,1521,threehours
beforesunset,weenteredtheportofanislandcalledTadore . . .
27monthslesstwodayshadpassedthatwehadbeenseekmgMaluco.
lAsbonAc.note.
^Pigafettaputsthisislandin deg.27min.LisbonAc.note.
5IntheParisMS.thiswordterniswanting. LisbonAc.note.
6ParisMS.,"anotherbahar." LisbonAc.note.
''
ParisMS.,"Tarnate." LisbonAc.note.
*Thisclauseseemstohavebeenaddedtothetextbythecopyist
;

102. 24 NAVIGATIONANDVOYAGEOP
becausetbeKingofthecountryforbadeit;thatiftheyob-
tainedpermissionfromtheKinghewouldcomeatonce
;
thispermissiontheysoongot,andthePortuguesecameto
speakwiththem.^Theygavehimanaccountoftheprices
whichtheyhadsettled,atwhichhewasamazed,andsaid
thatonthataccounttheKinghadorderedhimnottocome,
astheydidnotknowthetruthaboutthepricesofthe
country;andwhilsttheywerethustakingincargothere
arrivedtheKingofBaraham,^whichisnearthere,andsaid
thathewishedtobeavassaloftheKingofCastile,and
alsothathehadgotfourhundredbaharsofcloves,andthat
hehadsoldittotheKingofPortugal,andthattheyhad
boughtit,butthathehadnotyetdelivered it,andifthey
wishedforit,hewouldgiveitalltothem;towhichthe
captainsansweredthatifhebroughtittothem,andcame
withit,theywouldbuyit,butotherwisenot.TheKing,
seeingthattheydidnotwishtotakethecloves,askedthem
foraflagandaletterofsafeconduct,whichtheygavehim,
signedbythecaptainsoftheships.
Whiletheywerethuswaitingforthecargo,itseemedto
them,fromthedelayinthedelivery,thattheKingwaspre-
paringsometreacheryagainstthem,andthegreaterpartof
theships^crewsmadeanuproarandtoldthecaptainstogo,
asthedelayswhichtheKingmadewerefornothingelse
thantreachery:asitseemedtothemallthatitmightbeso,
theywereabandoningeverything,andwereintendingto
depart;andbeingabouttounfurlthesails,theKing,who
becausethefortressofTernatewasonlybegunintheyear1622,on
St.John'sday,whenAntoniodeBritowascaptain.(Castanheda, 1.6,
cap.12).LisbonAc.note.Thisclausemaybelongtothewriter,the
pilot,sincehementionsthefortressandAntoniodeBritolater,subse-
quenttoJulyof1522.
1ThePortugueseherementionedseemstobePedroAffonsodeLourosa,
whobetrayedthePortugueseandpassedovertotheCastilians,accord-
ingtoPigafetta'saccount. LisbonAc.note.
^ParisMS.,"Bargao." LisbonAc.note.IreadthisBachao ;this
isthecorrectspelling.

103. FERNANDODEMAGALHAES. 25
hadmadetheagreementwiththem^cametotheflagship
andaskedthecaptainwhyhewantedtogo^becausethat
whichhehadagreeduponwithhimheintendedtofulfilit
ashadbeensettled.Thecaptainrepliedthattheships'
crewssaidtheyshouldgoandnotremainanylonger^asit
wasonlytreacherythatwasbeingpreparedagainstthem.
TothistheKingansweredthatitwasnotso^andonthat
accountheatoncesentforhisKoran^uponwhichhewished
tomakeoaththatnothingsuchshouldbedonetothem.
TheyatoncebroughthimthisKoran^anduponithemade
oath_,andtoldthemtorestateasewiththat.Atthisthe
crewsweresetatrest^andhepromisedthemthathewould
givethemtheircargobythe15thDecember1521,whichhe
fulfilledwithinthesaidtimewithoutbeingwantinginany-
thing.
Whenthetwoshipswerealreadyladenandaboutto
"unfurltheirsails,theflagship^sprungalargeleak,andthe
Kingofthecountrylearningthis,hesentthemtwenty-five
divers^tostoptheleak,whichtheywereunabletodo.
Theysettledthattheothershipshoulddepart,andthat
thisoneshouldagaindischargeallitscargo,andunloadit
;
andastheycouldnotstoptheleak,thatthey[thepeople
ofthecountry]shouldgivethemallthattheymightbein
needof.Thiswasdone,andtheydischargedthecargoofthe
flagship
;andwhenthesaidshipwasrepaired,theytookin
hercargo,anddecidedonmakingforthecountryofthe
Antilles,andthecoursefromMalucotoitwas2,000leagues
alittlemoreorless.Theothership,whichsetsailfirst,
leftonthe21stofDecemberofthesaidyear,andwentout
toseaforTimor,andmadeitscoursebehindJava,2,055
leaguestotheCapeofGoodHope.^
''
TheflagshipwastheTrinidade. LisbonAc.note.
2PigafettasaystheKingseutfivedivers,andafterwardsthreemore,
•whocouldnotstopthewater.LisbonAc.note.
3PigafettasailedinthisshiptlieVictoria.TheTrinidade., after

104. 26 NAVIGATIONANDVOYAGEOF
Theyrefittedtheship,andtookinthecargoinfour
monthsandsixteendays :theysailedonthe6thofApril
oftheyear1522,andtooktheircourseforthemainlandof
theAntillesbythestraitthroughwhichtheyhadcome
;
andatfirsttheynavigatedtotheNorth,untiltheycame
outfromtheislandsofTernateandTymor;^afterwards
theynavigatedalongtheislandofBetachina,tenoreleven
leaguestotheNorth-east ;
^afterthattheysteeredabout
twentyleaguestotheNorth-east,andsoarrivedatan
island,whichisnamedDoyz,^andisinthreeandahalf
degreesSouthlatitudeatitsSouth-eastern side :from
thisplacetheynavigatedthreeorfourleagueseastwards,
andsightedtwoislands,onelargeandtheothersmall;the
largeonewasnamedPorquenampello,* andpassedbetween
itandBatechina,whichlayontheirstarboardside.They
reachedacape,towhichtheygavethenameCapeofPalms,
becausetheysighteditonthevigilofPalms.Thiscapeis
intwoandahalfdegrees :thencetheysteeredtotheSouth
tomakeQuimar,^whichislandbelongingtotheKingof
Tydor,andthesaidKinghadorderedthattheyshould
receivewhatevertherewasinthecountryfortheirmoney,
andtheretheytookpigsandgoats,andfowlsandcocoa-
nutsandhava :
^theyremainedinthisporteightornine
days.ThisportofCamarfya'^isinoneandaquarterdegree.
refitting,tooktheoppositecourseandsailedforYucatanandtheisthmus
ofDarien,-whichisherecalledlatidoftheAntilles;butitfounditself
obligedtoputbacktotheMoluccas,andwhilstabouttodischargeits
cargoatTernate,wascastonshore.LisbonAc.note.
1ParisMS.,"Tydore."LisbonAc.note.Thecorrectreading.
2ParisMS.,"North-north-east." Li-ibotiAc.note.
3ParisMS.,"Domy." LisbonAc.note.
*ParisMS."ThelargeoneisnamedChaol,andthesmallone
Pyliom." LisbonAc.note.
^ParisMS.,
''Quemarre." LisbonAc.note.
«ParisMS.,"agoa^''water,buthavaoravaisadrinkusedinthose
countries. LisbonAc.note.
'ParisMS.,"Camarro." LisbonAc.note.

105. FEENANDODEMAGALHAES. 27
Theysailedfromthisportonthe20th^ofAprilsand
steeredforaboutseventeenleagues,^andcameoutofthe
channeloftheislandofBatechinaandtheislandCharam;^
andassoonastheywereoutside,theysawthatthesaid
islandofCharam*rantotheSouth-eastagoodeighteenor
twentyleagues,anditwasnottheircourse,fortheirdirec-
tionwastotheEast^andaquarterNorth-east ;andthey
navigatedinthesaidcoursesomedays,andalwaysfound
thewindsverycontraryfortheircourse.Onthe3rdof
Maytbeymadetwosmallislands,whichmightbeinfive
degreesmoreorless,towhichtheygavethenameof
islandsofSt.Antony.^Thencetheynavigatedfurtheron
totheNorth-east,andarrivedatanislandwhichisnamed
Cyco,'^whichisinfullynineteendegrees,andtheymade
thisislandonthe11thofJuly.^Fromthisislandthey
tookaman,whomtheycarriedawaywiththem,andthey
navigatedfurtheron,tackingaboutwithcontrarywinds,
untiltheyreachedforty-twodegreesNorthlatitude.
Whentheywereinthisneighbourhood,theywereshort
ofbread,wine,meat,andoil;theyhadnothingtoeatonly
waterandrice,withoutotherprovisions ;andthecoldwas
great,andtheyhadnotsufficientcovering,thecrewsbegan
todie,andseeingthemselvesinthisstate,theydecidedon
puttingbackinthedirectionofMaluco,whichtheyatonce
carriedintoeffect.Whenatadistanceoffivehundred
leaguesfromit,theydesiredtomaketheislandwhichis
•
ParisMS.,"25th."LisbonAc.note.
2ParisMS.,"steeredseventeenleagueseastwards."LisbonAcademy
note.
3ParisMS.,"Chao."LisbonAc.note.
*ParisMS.,"BatecMna." LisbonAc.note.
5ParisMS.,"West." LisbonAc.note.
^ParisMS.,"islandsofSt.John:"italsosaystheymadethemon
the6th.LisbonAc.note.
'ParisMS.,"Chyquom." LisbonAc.note.
8ParisMS.,"11thofJune."LisbonAc.note.Julywillbethe
correctreading.

106. 28 NAVIGATIONANDVOYAGEOP
namedQuamgragam/andastheysighteditatnighty tliej''
didnotchoosetomakeit;theywaitedthustillitdawned
nextday,andtheywereunabletofetchthesaidisland
;
andthemanwhomtheycarriedwiththem,andwhom
beforetheyhadtakenfromthatisland,toldthemtogo
furtheron,andtheywouldmakethreeislands,wherethere
wasagoodport,andthiswhichtheblackmansaid,wasin
ordertorunawayatthem,asindeedhedidrunaway.On
arrivingatthesethreeislands,theyfetchedthemwith
somedanger,andanchoredinthemiddleoftheminfifteen
fathoms.Oftheseislands,thelargestwasinhabitedby
twentypersonsbetweenmenandwomen :thisislandis
namedPamo-^itisintwentydegreesmoreorless :here
theytookinrain-water, astherewasnootherinthe
country. lathisislandtheblackman^ranaway.Thence
theysailedtomakethelandofCamafo,andassoonasthey
sighted ittheyhadcalms,andthecurrentscarriedthem
awayfromtheland;andafterwardstheyhadalittlewind,
andtheymadefortheland,butcouldnotfetchit;they
thenwenttoanchorbetweentheislandsofDomiand
Batechina,andwhileatanchor,aparaopassedbythem
withsomemenwhobelongedtotheKingofanisland
namedGeil61o,^andtheygavethemnewsthatthePortu-
guesewereinMalucomakingafortress. Learningthis,
theyatoncesenttheclerkoftheshipwithcertainmen^to
thecaptain-major ofthosePortuguese,whowasnamed
AntoniodeBryto,toaskhimtocomeandbringtheship
totheplacewheretheywere;becausethecrewoftheship
hadmostlydied,andtherestweresick,andcouldnot
navigatetheship.AssoonasAntoniodeBrytosawthe
*ParisMS.,"Magregua." LisbonAc.note.
2ParisMS.,"Mao." Ibid.
3ParisMS.,"theblackmanandthreeChristians." Ibid.
*ParisMS.,"Gelolo." Ibid.
*ParisMS.,"certainmenwithletters." Ibid.

107. FERNANDODEMAGALHAES. 29
letterandmessage,hesentdownDomGonzalo^Amriquiz,
captainoftheshipSamJorge/andalsoafustawithsome
countryparaos_,andtheywentthusinsearchoftheship,
andhavingfoundit,theybrought ittothefortress,and
whilsttheyweredischarging itscargo,therecameasquall
fromthenorth,^whichcastitonshore.Wherethisship
turnedtoputbacktoMalucowasalittlemoreorlessthan
1050or1100leaguesfromtheisland.
Thiswastranscribedfromthepaper-bookofaGenoese
pilot,whocameinthesaidship,whowroteallthevoyage
asitishere.HewenttoPortugalintheyear1524with
DomAmriquideMenezes.* ThanksbetoGod.
'ParisMS.,"DomGarcia." Garcia,andnotGonzalo,wasthename
ofthisgentleman. SeeBarrosandCastanheda. LisbonAc.note.
2ParisMS.j"SamJoze."LisbonAc.note.Ireadthis"SamJorge."
3ParisMS.,"asquallatnight."LisbonAc.note.Ireadthis"do
norte"fromthenorth,andnot"denoite."
*ItiseasilyseenthatthisnotedoesnotbelongtotheRoteiro.,and
thatitwasaddedbythecopyist :wehavealreadynoticedthedifference
whichthereisbetweenitandanothersimilarnoteoftheParisMS,It
seemsthatthepersonwhowroteitmadesomemistake,owingtothere
havingbeenmanygentlemenofthenameofMenezesatthattimein
India . . . .D.HenriquedeMenezessucceededVascodaGama,in
1524,asGovernorofIndia,andthereforecouldnotbetheD.Amrique
deMenezeswhocametothekingdomin1524,asthenotesays.This
deservingGovernordiedatCananoronthedayofthePurificationof
1526.LisbonAc.note.

108. 30
NARRATIVEOFAPORTUGUESE,COMPANIONOF
ODOARDOBARBOSA,INTHESHIPVICTORIA,
INTHEYEAR1519.(From"Ramusio".)
InthenameofGodandof^oodsalvation.Wedeparted
fromSevillewithfiveshipsonthetenthofAugust^inthe
year1519^togoanddiscovertheMoluccaIslands.We
commencedourvoyagefromSanLucarfortheCanary
Islands^andsailedsouth-west960miles,wherewefound
ourselvesattheislandofTenerife,inwhichistheharbour
ofSantaCruzintwenty-eightdegreesofnorthlatitude.
AndfromtheislandofTenerifewesailedsouthwards
1680miles,whenwefoundourselvesinfourdegreesof
northlatitude.Fromthesefourdegreesofnorthlatitude
wesailedsouth-west,untilwefoundourselvesattheCape
ofSaintAugustin,whichisineightdegreesofsouthlati-
tude,havingaccomplished1200miles.AndfromCape
SaintAugustinwesailedsouthandbysouth-west864
miles,wherewefoundourselvesintwentydegreesofsouth
latitude.Fromtwentydegreesofsouthlatitude,beingat
sea,wesailed1500milessouth-west,whenwefoundour-
selvesneartheriver,whosemouthis108mileswide,and
liesinthirty-fivedegreesofthesaidsouthlatitude.We
namedittheriverofSaintChristopher. Fromthisriver
wesailed1638milessouth-westbywest,wherewefound
ourselvesatthepointoftheLupiMarini,whichisinforty-
eightdegreesofsouthlatitude.Andfromthepointofthe
LupiMariniwesailedsouth-west350miles,wherewe
foundourselvesintheharbourofSaintJulian,andstayed
therefivemonthswaitingforthesuntoreturntowardsus,
becauseinJuneandJulyitappearedforonlyfourhours
eachday.FromthisharbourofSaintJulian,whichisin
fiftydegrees,wedepartedonthe24thofAugust,1520,and
sailedwestwardahundredmiles,wherewefoundariverto

109. NAERATIVEOFAPORTUGUESE. 31
whicliwegavetlienameofRiverofSantaOruz^andthere
weremaineduntilthe18thofOctober. Thisriverisin
fiftydegrees.Wedepartedthenceonthe18thofOctober,
andsailedalongthecoast378milessouth-westbywest,
wherewefoundourselvesinastrait,towhichwegavethe
nameStraitofVictoria,becausetheshipVictoriawasthe
firstthathadseenit:somecalledittheStraitofMagal-
haens,becauseourcaptainwasnamedFernandodeMa-
galhaens.Themouthofthisstraitisinfifty-threedegrees
andahalf,andwesailedthroughit400milestotheother
mouth,whichisinthesamelatitudeoffifty-threedegrees
andahalf.Weemergedfromthisstraitonthe27thof
November,1520,andsailedbetweenwestandnorth-west
9858miles,untilwefoundourselvesupontheequinoctial
line.Inthiscoursewefoundtwouninhabited islands,the
oneofwhichwasdistantfromtheother800miles.Tothe
firstwegavethenameofSaintPeter,andtotheotherthe
islandoftheTiburones. SaintPeterisineighteendegrees,
theislandoftheTiburonesinfourteendegreesofsouth
latitude.Fromtheequinoctiallinewesailedbetweenwest
andnorth-west2046miles,anddiscoveredseveralislands
betweentenandtwelvedegreesofnorthlatitude.Inthese
islandsthereweremanynakedpeopleaswellmenaswomen,
wegavetheislandsthenameoftheLadrones,becausethe
peoplehadrobbedourship :butitcostthemverydear. I
shallnotrelatefurtherthecoursethatwemade,becausewe
lengthened itnotalittle.ButIwilltellyouthattogo
directfromtheseislandsoftheLadronestotheMoluccas it
isnecessarytosailsouth-westa1000miles,andthereoc-
curmanyislands,towhichwegavethenameoftheArchi-
pelagoofSaintLazarus.Alittlefurthertherearethe
islandsoftheMoluccas,ofwhichtherearefive,namely,
Ternate,Tidor,Molir,Machiam,Bachian. InTernatethe
PortuguesehadbuiltaverystrongcastlebeforeIleft.
FromtheMoluccaIslandstotheislandsofBandathereare
threehundredmiles,andonegoesthitherbydifierent

110. 32 NARRATIVEOPAPORTUGUESE.
courses,becausetherearemanyislandsinbetween,and
onemustsailbysight.Intheseislandsuntilyoureachthe
islandsofBanda,whichareinfourdegreesandahalfof
southlatitude,therearecollectedfromthirtytofortythou-
sendcantarosofnutmegsannually,andthereislikewisecol-
lectedmuchmastic ;andifyouwishtogotoCalicutyou
mustalwayssailamidsttheislandsasfarasMalacca,which
isdistantfromtheMoluccas2000miles,andfromMalacca
toCalicutare2000milesmore.FromCalicuttoPortugal
thereare14,000miles. IffromtheislandsofBandayou
wishtoroundtheCapeofGoodHope,youmustsailbe-
tweenwestandsouth-westuntilyoufindyourselfinthirty-
fourdegreesandahalfofsouthlatitude,andfromthere
yousailwestward,alwayskeepingagoodlook-outatthe
prownottorunagroundonthesaidCapeofGoodHopeor
itsneighbourhood.FromthisCapeofGoodHopeonesails
north-westbywest2400miles,andtherefindstheislandof
SaintHelena,wherePortugueseshipsgototakeinwater
andwood,andotherthings. Thisislandisinsixteende-
greessouthlatitude,andthereisnohabitationexceptthat
ofaPortugueseman,whohasbutonehandandonefoot,
nonose,andnoears,andiscalledFornam-lopem.
Sailing1600milesnorth-westfromthisislandofSaint
Helenayouwillfindyourselfupontheequinoctial line
:
fromwhichlineyouwillsail3534milesnorth-westby
north,untilyoufindyourselfinthirty-ninedegreesnorth
latitude.Andifyouwishtogofromthesethirty-ninede-
greestoLisbonyouwillsail950mileseastward,whereyou
willfindtheislandsoftheAzores,ofwhichthereareseven,
namely,Terceira,SanJorge,Pico,Fayal,Graciosa,onthe
east,theislandofSaintMichael,andtheislandofSaint
Mary,allarebetweenthirty-sevenandfortydegreesof
northlatitude.FromtheislandofTerceirayouwillthen
saileastward1100miles,whereyouwillfindyourselfon
thelandofLisbon.

111. NAVIGATIONETDESCOUUREMENTDELA
INDIESUPERIEURB FAICTEPARMOT
ANTHOYNEPIGAPHETA,YINCENTIN,
CHEYALLIERDERHODES.

113. AnthonyPigapheta, PatricianofVicenza,andKniyldof
Rhodes, totheveryillustriousandveryexcellent
LordPhilipdeYillersLisleauen,thefamous
GrandMasterofRhodes,hismost
respectedLord}
Sincethereareseveralcuriouspersons(veryillustriousand
veryreverendlord)whonotonlyarepleasedtolistentoand
learnthegreatandwonderfulthingswhichGodhasper-
mittedmetoseeandsufferinthelongandperilousnaviga-
tion^whichThaveperformed(andwhichiswrittenhereafter),
butalsotheydesiretolearnthemethodsandfashionsofthe
roadwhichIhavetakeninordertogothither,[andwhodo]
notgrantfirmbelieftotheendunlesstheyarefirstwellad-
visedandassuredofthecommencement. Therefore,mylord,
itwillpleaseyoutohearthatfindingmyselfinSpaininthe
yearoftheNativityofourLord,onethousandfivehundred
andnineteen,atthecourtofthemostsereneking^ofthe
Romans,withthereverendlord,Mons.FrancisCheregato,^
thenapostolicproto-notary,andambassadorofthePope
LeontheTenth,who,throughhisvirtue,afterwardsarrived
atthebishoprick ofAprutinoandtheprincipality of
Theramo,andknowingbothbythereadingofmanybooks
andbythereportofmanyletteredandwell-informedpersons
whoconversedwiththesaidproto-notary, theverygreat
andawfulthingsoftheocean,Ideliberated,withthefavour
'SonSeigneurosservatissime.
2CharlesVwaselectedEmperorthe28thJune,1519.
3Chiericato. Milanedition.
d2

114. 36 PIGAPETAJOINSMAGELLAN.
oftheEmperorandtlieabove-named lord,toexperiment
andgoandseewithmyeyesapartofthosethings.By
whichmeansIcouldsatisfythedesireofthesaidlords,and
mineownalso.SothatitmightbesaidthatIhadper-
formedthesaidvoj^age,andseenwellwithmyeyesthe
thingshereafterwritten.
Nowinordertodecypherthecommencement ofmy
voyage(veryillustriouslord)
;havingheardthattherewas
inthecityofSeville,asmallarmadetothenumberoffive
ships,readytoperformthislongvoyage,thatistosay,to
findtheislandsofMaluco,fromwhencethespicescome :of
whicharmadethecaptain-generalwasFernanddeMaga-
glianes,aPortuguesegentleman,commanderofSt.Jamesof
theSivord,whohadperformedseveralvoyagesintheocean
sea(inwhichhehadbehavedveryhonourablyasagood
man),Isetoutwithmanyothersinmyfavourfrom
Barcelona,whereatthetimetheEmperorwas,andcame
byseaasfarasMalaga,andthenceIwentawaybyland
untilIarrivedatthesaidcityofSeville.ThereIremained
forthespaceofthreemonths,waiting tillthesaidarmade
wasinorderandreadinesstoperform itsvoyage.And
because(veryillustriouslord)thatonthereturnfromthe
saidvoyage,ongoingtoRometowardstheholinessofour
HolyFather,^Ifoundyourlordship«itMonterosa,^whereof
yourfavouryougavemeagoodreception,andafterwards
gavemetounderstandthatyoudesiredtohaveinwriting
thethingswhichGodofHisgracehadpermittedmetosee
inmysaidvoyage ;thereforetosatisfyandaccedetoyour
desire,^Ihavereducedintothissmallbooktheprincipal
things,inthebestmannerthatIhavebeenable.
Finally(veryillustriouslord),afterallprovisionshadbeen
made,andthevesselswerein.order,thecaptain-genoral,a
1ClementVn(Medici)waselectedPontiffin1523,anddiedin1534.
2Monterosi. Milanedition.
«TheMilaneditionattributesthisdesiretothePope.

115. Magellan'ssailingoedeks. 37
discreetandvirtuousman^carefulofliishonour^wouldnot
commencehisvoyagewithoutfirstmakingsomegoodand
wholesomeordinances^suchasitisthegoodcustomtomake
forthosewhogotosea.Neverthelesshedidnotentirely
declarethevoyagewhichhewasgoingtomake,sothathis
menshouldnotfromamazementandfearbeunwillingtoac-
companyhimonsolongavoyage,ashehadundertakenin
hisintention.Consideringthegreatandimpetuousstorm
s-'-
whichareontheoceansea,whereIwishedtogo;andfor
anotherreasonalso,thatistosaythatthemastersand
captainsoftheothershipsofhiscompanydidnotlovehim :
ofthisIdonotknowthereason,exceptbycauseofhis,
thecaptain-general, beingPortuguese,andtheywere
SpaniardsorCastilians,whoforalongtimehavebeenin
rivalryandillwillwithoneanother. Notwithstanding this
allwereobedienttohim.Hemadehisordinancessuchas
thosewhichfollow,sothatduringthestormsatsea,which
oftencomeonbynightandday,hisshipsshouldnotgo
awayandseparatefromoneanother. Theseordinanceshe
publishedandmadeoverinwritingtoeachmasterofthe
ships,andcommandedthemtobeobservedandinviolably
kept,unlessthereweregreatandlegitimateexcuses,and
appearanceofnothavingbeenabletodootherwise.
Firstly,thesaidcaptain-general willedthatthevesselin
whichhehimselfwasshouldgobeforetheothervessels,
andthattheothersshouldfollowit
;thereforehecarriedby
nightonthepoopofhisshipatorchorfaggotofburning
wood,whichtheycalledfarol,whichburnedallthenight,
sothathisshipsshouldnotlosesightofhim.Sometimes
hesetalantern,sometimesathickcordofreeds^was
lighted,whichwascalledtrenche.^ Thisismadeofreeds
wellsoakedinthewater,andmuchbeaten,thentheyare
driedinthesunorinthesmoke,anditisathingverysuit-
ableforsuchamatter.Whenthecaptainhadmadeoneof
Fortunes.
^Jonq.
^Estrenque,madeofesparta.

116. o8 MAGELLANSSAILINGORDERS.
hissignalstohispeople^theyansweredinthesameway.
Inthatmannertheyknewwhethertheshipswerefollowing
andkeepingtogetherornot.Andwhenhewishedto
takeatackonaccountofthechangeofweather^orifthe
windwascontrary^orifhewishedtomakelessway_,hehad
twolightsshown ;andifhewishedtheotherstolowertheir
smallsail/whichwasapartofthesailattachedtothegreat
sail_,heshowedthreelights.Alsobythethreelights^not-
withstanding thatthewindwasfairforgoingfaster^he
signalledthatthestuddingsailshouldbelowered ;sothat
thegreatsailmightbequickerandmoreeasilystruckand
furledwhenbadweathershouldsuddenlysetin^onaccount
ofsomesquall^orotherwise. Likewisewhenthecaptain
wishedtheothershipstolowerthesailhehadfourlights
shown^whichshortlyafterhehadputoutandthenshowed
asingleone,whichwasasignalthathewishedtostopthere
andturn,sothattheothershipsmightdoashedid.
Withal,whenhediscoveredanyland,orshoal,thatisto
say,arockatsea,hemadeseverallightsbeshownorhad
abombardfiredoff.Ifhewishedtomakesail,hesignalled
totheothershipswithfourlights,sothattheyshoulddo
ashedid,andfollowhim.Healwayscarriedthissaid
lanternsuspendedtothepoopofhisvessel.Alsowhenhe
wishedthestuddingsailtobereplacedwiththegreatsail,
heshowedthreelights.AndtoknowwhetheraUtheships
followedhimandwerecomingtogether^heshowedone
lightonlybesidesthefanol,andtheneachoftheships
showedanotherlight,whichwasanansweringsignal.
Besidestheabove-mentioned ordinancesforcarryingon
seamanshipasisfitting,andtoavoidthedangerswhichmay
comeuponthosewhodonotkeepwatch,thesaidcaptain,
whowasexpertinthethingsrequiredfornavigation,
orderedthatthreewatchesshouldbekeptatnight.The
'Bonnette=stun sail,formerlyaddedbelowthesquai-esail.
2Groupade.

117. MAGELLANLEAVESSEVILLE. 39
firstwasatthebeginningofthenightythesecondatmid-
night,andthethirdtowardsbreakofday^whichiscommonly
calledLadicine,otherwisethestarofthebreakofday.
Everynightthesewatcheswerechanged -,thatistosay,he
whohadkeptthefirstwatch,onthefollowingdaykeptthe
second,andhewhohadkeptthesecondkeptthethird
;
andsoontheychangedcontinuallyeverynight.Thesaid
captaincommandedthathisregulationsbothforthesignals
andthewatchesshouldbewellobserved, sothattheir
voyageshouldbemadewithgreatersecurity. Thecrews
ofthisfleetweredividedintothreecompanies
;thefirst
belongedtothecaptain,thesecondtothepilotornochier,
andthethirdtothemaster. Theseregulationshaving
beenmade,thecaptain-general deliberatedonsailing,as
follows.
Monday,thedayofSt.Laurence,the10thofAugust,in
theyearabovementioned,thefleet,providedwithwhatwas
necessaryforit,andcarryingcrewsofdifierentnations,to
thenumberoftwohundredandthirty-sevenmeninallthe
fiveships,wasreadytosetsailfromthemoleofSeville;and
firingalltheartillery,wemadesailonlyontheforemast,
andcametotheendofarivernamedBetis,whichisnow
calledGuadalcavir. Ingoingalongthisriverwepassed
byaplacenamedGrioandeFarax,wheretherewas
^alarge
populationofMoors,andtheretherewasabridgeoverthe
riverbywhichonewenttoSeville.Thisbridgewasruined,
howevertherehadremainedtwocolumnswhichareatthe
bottomofthewater,onwhichaccountitisnecessaryto
havepeopleofthecountryofexperienceandknowledgeto
pointouttheconvenientspotforsafelypassingbetween
thesetwocolumns,fromfearofstrikingagainstthem.
Besidesthat,itisnecessaryinordertopasssafelybythis
bridgeandbyotherplacesonthisriver,thatthewater
shouldberatherhigh. Afterhavingpassedthetwo
'Milaneditionaddshere,formerly.

118. 40 MAGELLANSETSSAIL.
columnswecametoanotherplacenamedCoria_,andpassing
bymanylittlevillageslyingalongthesaidriver^atlastwe
arrivedatacastle,whichbelongstotheDukeofMedina
Sidonia,namedSt.Lucar,wherethereisaportfromwhich
toentertheoceansea. Itisenteredbytheeastwindand
yougooutbythewestwind.NearthereisthecapeofSt.
Yincent,which,accordingtocosmography, isinthirty-
sevendegreesoflatitude,attwentymilesdistancefromthe
saidport;andfromtheaforesaidtowntothisportbythe
rivertherearethirty-fiveorfortymiles.Afewdaysafter-
wardsthecaptain-generalcamealongthesaidriverwith
hisboat,andthemastersoftheothershipswithhim,and
weremainedsomedaysinthisporttosupplythefleetwith
somenecessarythings.Wewenteverydaytohearmass
onshore,atachurchnamedOurLadyofBarrameda,
towardsSt.Lucar.Therethecaptaincommandedthatall
themenofthefleetshouldconfessbeforegoingonany
further,inwhichhehimselfshowedthewaytotheothers.
Besideshedidnotchoosethatanyoneshouldbringany
marriedwoman,orotherstotheships,forseveralgood
considerations.
Tuesday,the20thSeptemberofthesaidyear,^weset
sailfromSt.Lucar,makingthecourseofthesouth-west
otherwisenamedLabeiche -^andonthetwenty-sixthofthe
saidmonthwearrivedatanislandofgreatCanaria,named
Teneriphe,which.isintwenty-eightdegreeslatitude
;there
weremainedthreedaysandahalftotakeinprovisionsand
otherthingswhichwerewanted. Afterthatwesetsail
thenceandcametoaportnamedMonterose,wherewe
sojournedtwodaystosupplyourselveswithpitch,whichis
athingnecessaryforships. Itistobeknownthatamong
theotherisleswhichareatthesaidgreatCanaria,thereis
one,wherenotadropofwateristobefoundproceeding
fromafountainorariver,onlyonceadayatthehourof
^1519.
2GarbmandLibeccio.

119. TENEETFE. 41
midday^theredescendsacloudfromtheskywhichenvelops
alargetreewhichisinthisisland,anditfallsuponthe
leavesofthetree,andagreatabundanceofwaterdistils
fromtheseleaves,sothatatthefootofthetreethereisso
largeaquantityofwaterthatitseemsasiftherewasan
ever-runningfountain.Themenwhoinhabitthisplaceare
satisfiedwiththiswater
;alsotheanimals,bothdomestic
andwild,drinkofit.
Monday,thethirdofOctoberofthesaidyear,atthehour
ofmidnight,wesetsail,makingthecourseauster,which
thelevantinemarinerscallSiroc,^enteringintotheocean
sea.WepassedtheCapeYerdandtheneighbouring
islandsinfourteen-and-a-half degrees,andwenavigatedfor
severaldaysbythecoastofGuineaorEthiopia
;wherethere
isamountaincalledSierraLeona,whichisineightdegrees
latitudeaccordingtotheartandscienceofcosmography
andastrology. Sometimeswehadthewindcontraryand
atothertimessufiicientlygood,andrainswithoutwind.
Inthismannerwenavigatedwithrainforthespaceof
sixtydaysuntiltheequinoctialline,whichwasathingvery
strangeandunaccustomedtobeseen,accordingtothesaying
ofsomeoldmenandthosewhohadnavigatedhereseveral
times.Nevertheless,beforereachingthisequinoctiallinewe
hadinfourteendegreesavarietyofweatherandbadwinds,
asmuchonaccountofsquallsasfortheheadwindsandcur-
rentswhichcameinsuchamannerthatwecouldnolonger
advance. Inorderthatourshipsmightnotperishnor
broachto^(asitoftenhappenswhenthesquallscome
together),westruckoursails,andinthatmannerwewent
abouttheseahitherandthitheruntilthefairweathercame.
Duringthecalmtherecamelargefishesneartheshipswhich
theycalledTihuroni(sharks),whichhaveteethofaterrible
kind,andeatpeoplewhentheyfindthemintheseaeither
aliveordead.Thesefishesarecaughtwithadevicewhich
'Soutli-east. 2Donnassentatravers.

120. 42 SEABIRDS.
themarinerscallhamCjwhichisahookofiron.Ofthese,
somewerecaughtbyourmen.However,theyareworth
nothingtoeatwhentheyarelarge
;andeventhesmallones
areworthbutlittle.DuringthesestormsthebodyofSt.
Anselmeappearedtousseveraltimes
;amongstothers,one
nightthatitwasverydarkonaccountofthebadweather,
thesaidsaintappearedintheformofafirelightedatthe
summitofthemainmast,^andremainedthereneartwohours
andahalf,whichcomfortedusgreatly,forwewereintears,
onlyexpectingthehourofperishing ;andwhenthatholy
lightwasgoingawayfromusitgaveoutsogreatabrilliancy
intheeyesofeach,thatwewerenearaquarter-of-an-hour like
peopleblinded,andcallingoutformercy.Forwithoutany
doubtnobodyhopedtoescapefromthatstorm. Itistobe
notedthatallandasmanytimesasthatlightwhichrepre-
sentsthesaidSt.Anselmeshowsitselfanddescendsupona
vesselwhichisinastormatsea,thatvesselneverislost.
Immediately thatthislighthaddepartedtheseagrew
calmer,andthenwesawdiverssortsofbirds,amongst
othersthereweresomewhichhadnofundament.^ There
isalsoanotherkindofbirdofsuchanaturethatwhenthe
femalewishestolayhereggsshegoesandlaysthemonthe
backofthemale,andthereitisthattheeggsarehatched.
Thislastkindhavenofeetandarealwaysinthesea.
There isanotherkindofbirdwhichonlylivesonthe
droppingsoftheotherbirds,thisisatruething,andthey
arenamedOagaselo,forIhaveseenthemfollowtheother
birdsuntiltheyhaddonewhatnatureorderedthemtodo
;
andafterithaseatthisdirtydietitdoesnotfollowany
otherbirduntilhungerreturnstoit;italwaysdoesthe
samething.^Therearealsofishwhichfly,andwesawa
1Lagrandegabbe.
^N'avoyentpointdefondement.
="Inrealitythisbirdswallowsthefishwhichitforcesthefishing-
birdtodisooroje.

121. ARRIVALATBRAZIL. 43
greatquantityofthemtogether,somanythatitseemed
thatitwasanislandinthesea.
AfterthatwehadpassedtheequinoctialHne,towards
thesouthjwelostthestarofthetramontana,andwenavi-
gatedbetweenthesouthandGarbin,whichisthecollateral
wind[orpoint]betweensouthandwest ;andwecrossed
asfarasacountrynauiedVerzin,whichisintwentj^-four
degreesandahalfoftheantarcticsky.Thiscountryisfrom
thecapeSt.Augustine,whichisineightdegreesintheant-
arcticsky.Atthisplacewehadrefreshmentsofvictuals,like
fowlsandmeatofcalves/alsoavarietyoffruits,calledbat-
tate,pigne(pine-apples),sweet,ofsingulargoodness,and
manyotherthings,whichIhaveomittedmentioning,notto
betoolong.Thepeopleofthesaidplacegave,inorderto
haveaknife,orahook^forcatching fish,fiveorsixfowls,
andforacombtheygavetwogeese,andforasmallmirror,
orapairofscissors,theygavesomuchfishthattenmen
couldhaveeatenofit.Andforabell(orhawk^s-bell)^
theygaveafullbasket*ofthefruitnamedbattate ;this
hasthetasteofachestnut,andisofthelengthofashuttle.^
Forakingofcards,ofthatkindwhichtheyusedtoplay
withinItaly,theygavemefivefowls,andthoughtthey
hadcheatedme.Weenteredintothisportthedayof
SaintLucy^[18thDecember],beforeChristmas,onwhich
daywehadthesunonthezenith,''whichisatermofastro-
logy.Thiszenith isapointinthesky,according to
astrologers,andonlyinimagination,anditanswerstoover
ourheadinastraightline,asmaybeseenbythetreatise
ofthesphere,^andbyAristotle,inthefirstbook,DeOcelo
etMonclo.Onthedaythatwehadthesuninthezenith
'TheMilaneditionhas"fleshoftheAnta,likethatofacow";and
anotesaystheantaisthetapir.
^Haim.
^Aigueillette,sameasesquillette.
*Coffin.
^Naveau,fornavette.
«LejourdeSaincteLucieauxauantzdeNoel.
'
Parzeuit.
^OrofLespere.

122. 44 DESCRIPTIONOFBEAZIL.
wefeltgreaterheat,asmuchaswhenwewereonthe
equinoctialline.
ThesaidcountryofVerzinisveryabundantinallgood
things,andislargerthanFrance,Spain,andItalytogether.
ItisoneofthecountrieswhichtheKingofPortugalhas
conquered[acquired] .ItsinhabitantsarenotChristians,
andadorenothing,butliveaccordingtotheusageofnature,
ratherbestiallythanotherwise.Someofthesepeoplelive
ahundred,orahundredandtwenty,orahundredand
fortyyears,andmore
;theygonaked,bothmenand
women. Theirdwellingsarehousesthatareratherlong,
andwhichtheycall"
boy^^;theysleepuponcottonnets,
whichtheycall,intheirlanguage,"amache.'" Thesenets
arefastenedtolargetimbersfromoneendoftheirhouse
totheother.Theymakethefiretowarmthemselvesright
undertheirbed. Itistobeknownthatineachofthese
houses,whichtheycall"
boy,^'theredwellsafamilyofa
hundredpersons,whomakeagreatnoise.Inthisplace
theyhaveboats,whicharemadeofatree,allinonepiece,
whichtheycall"canoo." Thesearenotmadewithiron
instruments,fortheyhave.notgotany,butwithstones,
likepebbles,andwiththesetheyplane^anddigoutthese
boats. Intothesethirtyorfortymenenter,andtheiroars
aremadelikeironshovels :andthosewhorowtheseoars
areblackpeople,quitenakedandshaven,andlooklike
enemi.es^f.Jhe,ll. Themenandwomenofthissaidplace
arewellmadeintheirbodies.Theyeatthefleshoftheir
enemies,notasgoodmeat,butbecausetheyhaveadopted
thiscustom.Nowthiscustomaroseasfollows :anold
womanofthisplaceofVerzimhadanonlyson,whowas
killedbyhisenemies,and,somedaysafterwards, the
friendsofthiswomancapturedoneofthesaidenemies
whohadputhersontodeath,andbroughthimtowhere
shewas. Immediately thesaidoldwoman,seeingthe
^Rabotent.

123. DESCRIPTIONOFBRAZIL. 45
manwhowascaptured,andrecollectingthedeathofher
child,rusheduponhimlikeamaddog,andbithimon
theshoulder. However,thismanwhohadbeentaken
prisonerfoundmeanstorunaway,andtoldhowtheyhad
wishedtoeathim,showingthebitewhichthesaidold
womanhadmadeinhisshoulder. Afterthatthosewho
werecaughtononesideorotherwereeaten.Through
thatarosethiscustominthisplaceofeatingtheenemies
ofeachother.Buttheydonoteatupthewholebodyof
themanwhomtheytakeprisoner ;theyeathimbitbybit,
andforfearthatheshouldbespoiled,theycuthimupinto
pieces,whichtheysettodryinthechimney,andeveryday
theycutasmallpiece,andeatitwiththeirordinaryvic-
tualsinmemoryoftheirenemies. Iwasassuredthat
thiscustomwastruebyapilot,namedJohnCarvagio,
whowasinourcompany,andhadremainedfouryearsin
thisplace
;itisalsotobeobservedthattheinhabitantsof
thisplace,bothmenandwomen,areaccustomed topaint
themselveswithfire,alloverthebody,andalsotheface.
Themenareshaven,andwearnobeard,becausethey
pluckitoutthemselves,andforallclothingtheyweara
circlesurroundedwiththelargestfeathersofparrots,^and
theyonlycovertheirposteriorparts,whichisacauseof
laughterandmockery. Thepeopleofthisplace,almost
all,escepting^womenandchildren,havethreeholesinthe
lowerlip,andcarry,hanginginthem,smallroundstones,
aboutafingerinlength.Thesekindofpeople,bothmen
andwomen,arenotveryblack,butratherbrown,^and
theyopenlyshowtheirshame,andhavenohaironthe
wholeoftheirbodies.Thekingofthiscountryiscalled
^Papegaulx.
2Fabre'sFrenchprintededition,andtheItalianeditionof1536,
bothincludethewomenandchildren
:
—
"Quasitonstanthomesquefemmesqueenfantsonttroispertuisenla
levredembas,"etc."TuttiglihuominidonneetfanciuUihannotre
huchi,"etc.
s
Xane,

124. 46 DESCRIPTIONOPBRAZIL.
Cacrcli^andtherearehereaninfinitenumberofparrots,
ofwhichtheygiveeightortenforalooking-glass
;there
arealsosomelittlecat-monkeys^havingalmosttheappear-
anceofalion;theyareyellow,andhandsome,andagree-
abletolookat.Thepeopleofthisplacemakebread,
whichisofaroundshape,andtheytakethemarrow
ofcertaintreeswhicharethere,betweenthebarkandthe
tree,butitisnotatallgood,andresemblesfreshcheese.
Therearealsosomepigswhichhavetheirnavelonthe
back,^andlargebirdswhichhavetheirbeaklikeaspoon,
andtheyhavenotongue.Forahatchetorforaknife
theyusedtogiveusoneortwooftheirdaughtersasslaves,
buttheirwivestheywouldnotgiveupforanythinginthe
world.Accordingtowhattheysaythewomenofthis
placeneverrenderdutytotheirhusbandsbyday,but
onlyatnight;theyattendtobusinessoutofdoors,and
carryallthattheyrequirefortheirhusband^svictuals
insidesmallbasketsontheirheads,orfastenedtotheir
heads.Theirhusbandsgowiththem,andcarryabowof
vergin,^orofblackpalm,withahandfulofarrowsofcane.
Theydothisbecausetheyareveryjealousoftheirwives.
Thesecarrytheirchildrenfastenedtotheirneck,andthey
areinsideathingmadeofcottoninthemannerofanet.
Iomitrelatingmanyotherstrangethings,nottobetoo
prolix;however,Iwillnotforgettosaythatmasswassaid
twiceonshore,wherethereweremanypeopleofthesaid
country,whoremainedontheirknees,andtheirhands
joinedingreatreverence,duringthemass,sothatitwasa
pleasureandasubjectofcompassiontoseethem.Inashoi^t
timetheybuiltahouseforus,astheyimaginedthatweshould
remainalongtimewiththem,and,atourdeparturethence,
theygaveusalargequantityofverzin. Itisacolour
whichproceedsfromthetreeswhichareinthiscountry,
1Depetiteschattesmaymounes.
2Leuriombricsurleschine.
3MilaneditioncallsitwoodofBrasile.

125. DESCRIPTIONOFBRAZIL. 47
andilieyareinsuchquantitythatthecountryiscalledfrom
itVerzin.
Itistobeknownthatithappenedthatithadnotrained
fortwomonthsbeforewecamethere^andthedaythatwe
arrived itbe^antorainj,onwhichaccountthepeopleof
thesaidplacesaidthatwecamefromheaven,andhad
broughttherainwithus,,whichwasgreatsimplicity,and
thesepeoplewereeasilyconvertedtotheChristian faith.
Besidestheabove-mentioned thingswhichwererather
simple,thepeopleofthiscountryshowedusanother,very
simple ;fortheyimaginedthatthesmallships^boatswere
thechildrenoftheships,andthatthesaidshipsbrought
themforthwhentheboatswerehoistedouttosendthe
menhitherandthither ;andwhentheboatswerealong-
sidetheshiptheythoughtthattheshipsweregivingthem
suck.
Abeautifulyounggirlcameonedayinsidetheshipofour
C9,ptain,whereIwas,anddidnotcomeexcepttoseekfor
herluck :however,shedirectedherlookstothecabinof
themaster,andsawanailofafinger'slength,-se-andwent
andtookitassomethingvaluableandnew,andhiditin
herhair,forotherwiseshewouldnothavebeenableto
conceal^ it,becauseshewasnaked,*and,bendingforwards,
shewentaway;andthecaptainandIsawthismystery.^
^Musser.
*-*Thispassage isfromMS.No.68,theRegentLouisa'scopy,
forwhomitappearstohavebeenadapted ;thatinNo.5650,andin
AmorettiandFabre'seditions,islessfitforpubHcation :thewordsfrom
*to2areomittedinNo.68.
2The1536editionomitsthestoryofthegirl,andinsteadsays
:
—
"Nellaprimacostaditerracheariuammo,adalcunefemineschiave
diehaueuamoleuatenelenauid'altripaesi,&eranograuidevennero
ledogliedelparto,perilchelorosolesiuscironodinaue,&smontorono
interra,&partoritochehebberoconlifigluoliinbraccioseneritorna-
ronosubitoinnave."
Fabresays
:
—
"Enlapremierecosteqiiepasserentaiilcunesesclavesenfanterentet

126. 48 BEAZILIANWORDS.
SomeWordsopthisPeopleopVerzin.
MilanEdition.
Millet
- -Aumil -Maize.
Flour
- -Farine
- -Huy.
Ahook
- -Unghaim -Pinda.
Aknife
- -Ungcoutteau -Taesse -Tarse.
Acomb
- -Ungpeigne -Chignap -Chipag.
Afork
- -Uneforcette -Pirame.
Abell
- -Unesonnette -Itemnaraca -Hanmaraca.
Good,morethangood-Bon,plusquebonturnmaraghatom.
WeremainedthirteendaysinthiscountryofVerzin,
and,departingfromitandfollowingourcourse,wewent
asfarasthirty-fourdegreesandathirdtowardstheantarctic
pole;therewefound,nearariver,menwhomtheycall
''
cannibals,"^whoeathumanflesh,andoneofthesemen,
greatasagiant,cametothecaptain'sshiptoascertain
andaskiftheothersmightcome.Thismanhadavoice
likeabull,andwhilstthismanwasattheshiphiscom-
panionscarriedoffalltheirgoodswhichtheyhadtoa
castlefurtheroff,fromfearofus.Seeingthat,welanded
ahundredmenfromtheships,andwentafterthemtotry
andcatchsomeothers
;howevertheygainedinrunning
away.Thiskindofpeopledidmorewithonestepthan
wecoulddoatabound.Inthissamerivertherewere
sevenlittleislands,andinthelargestofthemprecious
stonesarefound. ThisplacewasformerlycalledtheCape
ofSt.Mary,anditwasthoughttherethatfromthence
therewasapassagetotheSeaofSur;thatistosay,the
SouthSea.Anditisnotfoundthatanyshiphasever
discoveredanythingmore,havingpassedbeyondthesaid
quantestoiententravailsemirenthorsdubasteauetapresretournerent
aubasteauetnourrirentleursenfans."
Thisstoryisimprobable, aswomenwerenotallowedtocomeon
boardship.Fabrethenrelatesthestoryoftheyounggirl.
'Canibali.

127. THEFLEETENTERSPOETST.JULIAN. 49
cape.Andnowitisnolongeracape,butitisariver
whichhasamouthseventeenleaguesinwidth,bywhichit
entersintothesea.Inpasttime,inthisriver,thesegreat
mennamedOanibaliateaSpanishcaptain,namedJohnde
Sola,^andsixtymenwhohadgonetodiscoverland,aswe
weredoing,andtrustedtoomuchtothem.
AfterwardsfollowingthesamecoursetowardstheAntarc-
ticpole,goingalongtheland,wefoundtwoislandsfullof
geeseandgoslings,andseawolves,ofwhichgeesethelarge
numbercouldnotbereckoned;forweloadedallthefive
shipswiththeminanhour.Thesegeeseareblack,and
havetheirfeathers alloverthebodyofthesamesizeand
shape,andtheydonotfly,andliveuponfish;andthey
weresofatthattheydidnotpluckthem,butskinned
them.Theyhavebeakslikethatofacrow.Thesea
wolvesofthesetwoislandsareofmanycolours,andof
thesizeandthicknessofacalf,andhaveaheadlikethat
ofacalf,andtheearssmallandround.Theyhavelarge
teeth,andhavenolegs,butfeetjoiningcloseontothe
body,whichresembleahumanhand;theyhavesmallnails
totheirfeet,andskinbetweenthefingerslikegeese. If
theseanimalscouldruntheywouldbeverybadandcruel,
buttheydonotstirfromthewater,andswimandliveupon
fish.Inthisplaceweenduredagreatstorm,andthought
weshouldhavebeenlost,butthethreeholybodies,thatis
tosay,St.Anselmo,St.Nicolas,andSta.Clara,appearedto
us,andimmediatelythestormceased.
Departingthenceasfarasfortyninedegreesandahalf
intheAntarcticheavens(aswewereinthewinter),we
enteredintoaporttopassthewinter,andremainedthere
twowholemonthswithouteverseeinganybody. However,
oneday,withoutanyoneexpecting it,wesawagiant,who
wasontheshoreofthesea,quitenaked,andwasdancing
andleaping,andsinging,andwhilstsingingheputthe
1Solis.
E

128. 50 DESCRIPTIONOFPATAGONIANS.
sandanddustonhishead.Ourcaptainsentoneofhis
mentowardshim,whomhechargedtosingandleaplike
theothertoreassurehim,andshowhimfriendship. This
hedid,andimmediatelythesailorledthisgianttoalittle
islandwherethecaptainwaswaitingforhim;andwhenhe
wasbeforeushebegantobeastonished,andtobeafraid,
andheraisedonefingeronhigh,^thinkingthatwecame
fromheaven.Hewassotallthatthetallestofusonly
cameuptohiswaist-^however^hewaswellbuilt.Hehad
alargeface,paintedredallround,andhiseyesalsowere
paintedyellowaroundthem,andhehadtwoheartspainted
onhischeeks;hehadbutlittlehaironhishead,andit
waspaintedwhite.Whenhewasbroughtbeforethecap-
tainhewasclothedwiththeskinofacertainbeast,which
skinwasveryskilfullysewed.Thisbeast^hasitsheadand
earsofthesizeofamule,andtheneckandbodyofthe
fashionofacamel,thelegsofadeer,andthetaillike
thatofahorse,anditneighslikeahorse.Thereisa
greatquantityoftheseanimalsinthissameplace. This
gianthadhisfeetcoveredwiththeskinofthisanimalin
theformofshoes,andhecarriedinhishandashortand
thickbow,withathickcordmadeofthegutofthesaid
beast,withabundleofcanearrows,whichwerenotvery
long,andwerefeatheredlikeours,^buttheyhadnoironat
theend,thoughtheyhadattheendsomesmallwhiteand
blackcutstones,andthesearrowswerelikethosewhichthe
Turksuse.Thecaptaincausedfoodanddrinktobegiven
tothisgiant,thentheyshowedhimsomethings,amongst
others,asteelmirror.Whenthegiantsawhislikenessin
it,hewasgreatlyterrified,leapingbackwards,andmade
threeorfourofourmenfalldown.
^"Contremont."
^Falkner(1774,Hereford)inhisaccountofPatagonia,sayshesaw
menamongthePuelchessevenfeetsixincheshigh. ^
u
Combien."
^Theguanaco,akindofLama.
^"Empanees."

129. DESCRIPTIONorPATAGONIANS. 51
Afterthatthecaptaingavehimtwobells,amirror,
acomb,andachapletofbeads,andsenthimbackon
shore,havinghimaccompaniedbyfourarmedmen.One
ofthecompanionsofthisgiant,whowouldnevercometo
theship,onseeingtheothercomingbackwithourpeople,
cameforwardandrantowheretheothergiantsdwelled.
Thesecameoneaftertheotherallnaked,andbegantoleap
andsing,raisingonefingertoheaven,andshowingtoour
peopleacertainwhitepowdermadeoftherootsofherbs,
whichtheykeptinearthenpots,andtheymadesignsthat
theylivedonthat,andthattheyhadnothingelsetoeat
thanthispowder. Thereforeourpeoplemadethemsigns
tocometotheshipandthattheywouldhelpthemtocarry
theirbundles,^Thenthesemencame,whocarriedonly
theirbowsintheirhands;buttheirwivescameafterthem
ladenlikedonkeys,andcarriedtheirgoods.Thesewomen
arenotastallasthemen,buttheyareverysufficiently
large.Whenwesawthemwewereallamazedandasto-
nished,fortheyhadthebreastshalfanelPlong,andhad
theirfacespainted,andweredressedlikethemen.But
theyworeasmallskinbeforethemtocoverthemselves.
Theybroughtwiththemfourofthoselittlebeastsofwhich
theymaketheirclothing,andtheyledthemwithacordin
themannerofdogscoupledtogether.Whenthesepeople
wishtocatchtheseanimalswithwhichtheyclothethem-
selves,theyfastenoneoftheyoungonestoabush,and
afterwardsthelargeonescometoplaywiththelittleone,
andthegiantsarehidbehindsomehedge,andbyshooting
theirarrowstheykillthelargeones.Ourmenbrought
eighteenofthesegiants,bothmenandwomen,whomthey
placedintwodivisions,halfononesideoftheport,and
theotherhalfattheother,tohuntthesaidanimals. Six
daysafter,ourpeopleongoingtocutwood,sawanother
giant,withhisfacepaintedandclothedliketheabove-
^"Besongnes."
*"Brasse."
E2

130. 52. DESCRIPTIONOFPATAGONIANS.
'
mentioned,behadinhishandabowandarrows,andap-
proaching,ourpeoplehemadesometouchesonhishead
andthenonhisbody,andafterwardsdidthesametoour
people.Andthisbeingdoneheraisedbothhishandsto
heaven.Whenthecaptain-generalknewallthis,hesent
tofetchhimwithhisship'sboat,andbroughthimtooneof
thelittleislandswhichareintheport,wheretheships
were.Inthisislandthecaptainhadcausedahousetobe
madeforputtingsomeoftheships'thingsinwhilsthe
remainedthere.Thisgiantwasofastillbetterdisposition
thantheothers,andwasagraciousandamiableperson,
wholikedtodanceandleap.Whenheleapthecausedthe
earthtosinkinapalmdepthattheplacewherehisfeet
touched.Hewasalongtimewithus,andattheendwe
baptisedhim,andgavehimthenameofJohn.Thisgiant
pronouncedthenameofJesus,thePaternoster,AveMaria,
andhisnameasclearlyaswedid:buthehadaterriblystrong
andloudvoice.Thecaptaingavehimashirtandatunic^of
cloth,andseaman'sbreeches,^acap,acomb,somebells,
andotherthings,andsenthimbacktowherehehadcome
from.Hewentawayveryjoyousandsatisfied.Thenext
daythisgiantreturned,andbroughtoneofthoselarge
animalsbeforementioned,forwhichthecaptaingavehim
some :otherthings,sothatheshouldbringmore.But
afterwardshedidnotreturn,anditistobepresumedthat
theothergiantskilledhimbecausehehadcometous.
Fifteendayslaterwesawfourothergiants,whocarried
noarrows,fortheyhadhidtheminthebushes,astwoof
themshowedus,forwetookthemallfour,andeach.of
themwaspaintedinadifferentway.Thecaptainretained
thetwoyoungeronestotakethemtoSpainonhisreturn;
butitwasdonebygentleandcunningmeans,forotherwise
theywouldhavedoneahurttosomeofourmen.The
mannerinwhichheretainedthemwasthathegavethem
1"Sayon."
*"Braguesmarinieres."

131. DESCEIPTIONOFPATAGONIANS. 53
manyknives,forksjmirrors,bells,andglass,andtheyheld
allthesethingsintheirhands.Thenthecaptainhadsome
ironsbrought,suchasareputonthefeetofmalefactors
:
thesegiantstookpleasureinseeingtheirons,buttheydid
notknowwheretoputthem,anditgrievedthemthatthey
couldnottakethemwiththeirhands,becausetheywere
hinderedbytheotherthingswhichtheyheldinthem.The
othertwogiantswerethere,andweredesirousofhelping
theothertwo,butthecaptainwouldnotletthem,and
madeasigntothetwowhomhewishedtodetainthatthey
wouldputthoseironsontheirfeet,andthentheywouldgo
away :atthistheymadeasignwiththeirheadsthatthey
werecontent. Immediatelythecaptainhadtheironsput
onthefeetofbothofthem,andwhentheysawthatthey
werestrikingwithahammerontheboltwhichcrossesthe
saidironstorivetthem,andpreventthemfrombeing
opened,thesegiantswereafraid,butthecaptainmade
themasignnottodoubtofanything. Neverthelesswhen
theysawthetrickwhichhadbeenplayedthem,theybegan
tobeenraged,^andtofoamlikebulls,cryingoutveryloud
Setebos,^thatistosay,thegreatdevil,thatheshouldhelp
them.Thehandsoftheothertwogiantswerebound,but
itwaswithgreatdifficulty ;thenthecaptainsentthem
backonshore,withnineofhismentoconductthem,and
tobringthewifeofoneofthosewhohadremainedin
irons,becauseheregrettedhergreatly,aswesawbysigns.
Butingoingawayoneofthosetwowhoweresentaway,
untiedhishandsandescaped,runningwithsuchlightness
thatourmenlostsightofhim,andhewentawaywherehis
companionswerestaying
;buthefoundnobodyofthose
>"Bouffer",tobeangry,alsotoblow,topuff.
^Setebos,thoughrepresentedbytheSpaniardsasademon,would,
nodoubt,bethePatagouiannameoftheDeity.Shakespearehastwice
broughtinSetebosintheTempest^asinvokedbyCaliban.Therecan
benodoubtofhishavinggotthenameofSetebosfromtheaccountof
Magellan'svoyage.
'

132. 54 DESCRIPTIONOVPATAGONIANS.
thatlietadleftwiththewomenbecausetheyhadgoneto
hunt.Howeverhewenttolookforthem,andfoundthem,
andrelatedtothemallthathadbeendonetothem.The
othergiantwhosehandsweretiedstruggledasmuchashe
couldtounfastenhimself,andtopreventhisdoingso,one
ofourmenstruckhim,andhurthimonthehead,atwhich
hegotveryangry;howeverheledourpeopletherewhere
theirwiveswere.ThenJohnCavagio,^thepilotwhowas
thechiefconductorofthesetwogiants,wouldnotbring
awaythewifeofoneofthegiantswhohadremainedin
ironsonthatevening,butwasofopinionthattheyshould
sleepthere,becauseitwasalmostnight.Duringthistime
theoneofthegiantswhohaduntiedhishandscameback
fromwherehehadbeen,withanothergiant,andtheysee-
ingtheircompanionwoundedonthehead,saidnothingat
thatmoment,butnextmorningtheyspokeintheirlan-
guagetothewomen,andimmediately allranawaytogether,
andthesmallestranfasterthanthebiggest,andtheyleft
alltheirchattels.Twoofthesegiantsbeingratheralong
wayoffshotarrowsatourmen,andfightingthus,oneof
thegiantspiercedwithanarrowthethighofoneofour
men,ofwhichhediedimmediately. Thenseeingthathe
wasdead,allranaway.Ourmenhadcross-bowsand
guns,^buttheynevercouldhitoneofthesegiants,because
theydidnotstandstillinoneplace,butleapedhitherand
thither. Afterthat,ourmenburiedthemanwhohadbeen
killed,andsetfiretotheplacewherethosegiantshadleft
theirchattels. Certainlythesegiantsrunfasterthana
horse,andtheyareveryjealousoftheirwives.
Whenthesegiantshaveastomach-ache,insteadoftaking
medicinetheyputdowntheirthroatsanarrowabouttwo
feetlong
;thentheyvomitagreenbile^mixedwithblood
:
andthereasonwhytheythrowupthisgreenmatterisbe-
causetheysometimeseatthistles.Whentheyhavehead-
1"Carvalho." «"Escouppetes."
^«
Collere."

133. DESCRIPTIONOFPATAGONIANS. 56
aciiestheymakeacutacrosstheforehead,andalsoonthe
armsandlegs,todrawbloodfromseveralpartsoftheir
bodies.Oneofthetwowehadtaken,andwhowasinour
ship,saidthattheblooddidnotchoosetoremaininthe
placeandspotofthebodywherepainwasfelt.These
peoplehavetheirhaircutshortandclippedinthemanner
ofmonkswithatonsure :theywearacordofcottonround
theirhead,tothistheyhangtheirarrowswhentheygo
a-liunting. ..
.^
Whenoneofthemdies,tenortwelvedevilsappearand
danceallroundthedeadman. Itseemsthattheseare
painted,andoneoftheseenemiesistallerthantheothers,
andmakesagreaternoise,andmoremirththantheothers
:
thatiswhencethesepeoplehavetakenthecustomofpaint-
ingtheirfacesandbodies,ashasbeensaid.Thegreatestof
thesedevilsiscalledintheirlanguageSetebos,andthe
othersCheleule. Besidestheabove-mentioned things,this
onewhowasintheshipwithus,toldusbysignsthathe
hadseendevilswithtwohornsontheirheads,andlong
hairdowntotheirfeet,andwhothrewoutfirefromtheir
mouthsandrumps.Thecaptainnamedthiskindofpeople
Pataghom,^whohavenohouses,buthavehutsmadeofthe
skinsoftheanimalswithwhichtheyclothethemselves,and
gohitlerandthitherwiththesehutsoftheirs,asthe
gypsies''do;theyliveonrawmeat,andeatacertainsweet
root,wbichtheycallCapac. These,twogiantsthatwehad
intheshipatealargebasketful*ofbiscuit,andratswith-
outskinningthem,andtheydrankhalfabucketofwater
ateachtime.
Weremainedinthisport,whichwascalledtheportof
9:.Julian,aboutfivemonths,duringwhichtherehappened
t3usmanystrangethings,ofwhichIwilltellapart.One
vas,thatimmediatelythatweenteredintothisport,the
1"Etlientleurmembrededanslecorpspourletr^sgrandfroid."
^Onaccountoftheirlargefeet.
^"Egiptiens."
*Coffin,

134. 56 MUTINYOFSOMEOPTHEorFICERS.
mastersoftlieotherfourshipsplottedtreasonagainstthe
captain-general^ inordertoputhimtodeath.Thesewere
thusnamed :JohnofCarthagine^conductor^ofthefleet
;
thetreasurer,LoysdeMendoza ;theconductor,^Anthony
Cocha ;andGaspardeCasada.^However,thetreasonwas
discovered,forwhichthetreasurerwaskilledwithstabsof
adagger,andthenquartered. ThisGaspardeCasadahad
hisheadcutoff,andafterwardswascutintoquarters
;and
theconductorhavingafewdayslaterattemptedanotlier
treason,wasbanishedwithapriest,andwasputinttat
countrycalledPattagonia.* Thecaptain-generalwouldnot
putthisconductortodeath,becausetheEmperorCharles
hadmadehimcaptainofoneoftheships.Oneofour
ships,namedSt.JameSjwaslostingoingtodiscoverthe
coast;allthemen,however,weresavedbyamiracle,for
theywerehardlywetatall.Twomenofthese,whowere
saved,cametousandtoldusallthathadpassedandhap-
pened,onwhichthecaptainatoncesentsomemeuwith
sacksfullofbiscuitfortwomonths. So,eachdaywefound
somethingoftheshipoftheothermenwhohadescaped
fromtheshipwhichwaslost
;andtheplacewherethese
menwerewastwenty-fiveleaguesfromus,andtieroad
badandfullofthorns,anditrequiredfourdaystogo
there,andnowatertodrinkwastobefoundontieroad,
butonlyice,andofthatlittle.InthisportofStiJulian
therewereagreatquantityoflongcapres,^calledMissi-
glione
;thesehadpearlsinthemidst.Inthisplacethey
foundincense,andostriches,foxes,sparrows,andlabbits^
^Milaneditioncallshim"vehadore",overseerorpurveyor.
2"Contador." Milanedition.
^u
Quesada."
d*Maximilian,theTransylvanian, relatesthatwhenGomezabandoni
MagellanintheStraits,hereturnedbythisspotandpickedupthe
twomen.
"Capres,"musselsoroysters ;theMilaneditionadds,thatthdy
werenoteatable.
*"Connins.

135. MAGELLANENTERSTHESTRAITS. 57
agooddealsmallerthanours.-^Wesetupattlietopof
thehighestmountainwhichwasthereaverylargecross^as
asignthatthiscountrybelongedtotheKingofSpain;
andwegavetothismountainthenameofMountofChrist.
Departingthence,wefoundinfifty-onedegreeslessone-
third(50°40'
S.)jintheAntarctic,ariveroffreshwater,
whichwasnearcausingustobelost,fromthegreatwinds
whichitsentout
;butGod,ofhisfavour,aidedus.We
wereabouttwomonthsinthisriver,asitsuppliedfresh
"waterandakindoffishanelllong,andveryscaly,^which
isgoodtoeat.Beforegoingaway,thecaptainchosethat
allshouldconfessandreceivethebodyofourLordlike
goodChristians.
CHAPTERS
Aftergoingandtakingthecoursetothefifty-second
degreeofthesaidAntarcticsky,onthedayoftheEleven
ThousandVirgins[October21],wefound,byamiracle,a
straitwhichwecalledtheCapeoftheElevenThousand
Yirgins,thisstraitisahundredandtenleagueslong,
whicharefourhundredandfortymiles,andalmostas
wideaslessthanhalfaleague,^anditissuesinanother
sea,whichiscalledthepeacefulsea;^itissurroundedby
verygreatandhighmountainscoveredwithsnow. In
thisplaceitwasnotpossibletoanchor^withtheanchors,
becausenobottomwasfound,onwhichaccounttheywere
forcedtoputthemoorings'''oftwenty-fiveorthirtyfathoms
1"Pluspetitesassezquelesnotres:""assaipiupiccoli".Milanedition.
2"Seanieux."
3TheMS.isthusdivided,butwithoutnumberstothechapters.
'"Etquasiautantdelargeurmoinsdedemyelieue."
*"Lamerpaisible."
^"Surgir."
'"Demettrelesproyssesenterre."

136. 58 PASSAGEOPTHESTEAITS.
lengtlionshore.Thisstraitwasaroundplacesurrounded
bymountains,asIhavesaid,andthegreaternumberof
thesailorsthoughtthattherewasnoplacebywhichtogo
outthencetoenterintothepeacefulsea.Butthecaptain-
generalsaidthattherewasanotherstraitforgoingout,and
saidthatheknewitwell,becausehehadseenitbyamarine
chartoftheKingofPortugal,whichmaphadbeenmade
byagreatpilotandmarinernamedMartinofBohemia.^
Thecaptainsentonbeforetwoofhisships,onenamedSt.
AnthonyandtheothertheCo7iception,toseekforanddis-
covertheoutletofthisstrait,whichwascalledtheCapede
laBaya.Andwe,withtheothertwoships,thatistosay,
theflagshipnamedTrinitate,andtheothertheVictory,
remainedwaitingforthemwithintheBay,whereinthe
nightwehadagreatstorm,whichlasted tillthenext
dayatmidday,andduringwhichwewereforcedtoweigh
theanchorsandlettheshipsgohitherandthitherabout
thebay.Theothertwoshipsmetwithsuchaheadwind^
thattheycouldnotweather^acapewhichthebaymade
almostatitsextremity ;wishingtocometous,theywere
nearbeingdriventobeachtheships.*But,onapproaching
theextremityofthebay,andwhilstexpectingtobelost,
theysawasmallmouth,whichdidnotresembleamouth
butacorner,^and(likepeoplegivinguphope^)theythrew
themselves intoit,sothatbyforcetheydiscoveredthe
strait.Seeingthatitwasnotacorner,butastraitofland,
theywentfurtheronandfoundabay,thengoingstill
furthertheyfoundanotherstraitandanotherbaylarger
1MartinBehaim,wholivedatFayalandNuremberg.Aglobewas
constructedatNurembergundertheinstructionsofMartinBehaimin
1492,andgivenbyhimtothetownofNuremberg. Thisglobedis-
provestheideathatMartinBehaimorhismapshadindicatedto
Magellananystraits,forthewholecontinentofAmerica isabsent
fromit.
^"Trauerse."
^"Chevaucher."
*"Entrerasec."
^"Canton."
^("Commcabandonnans.")

137. ONEOFTHESHIPSABANDONSTHETLEET. 69
thantliefirsttwo,atwhiclijbeingveryjoyous,theysud-
denlyreturnedbackwardstotellittothecaptain-general.
Amongstuswethoughtthattheyhadperished :firstsbe-
causeofthegreatstorm;next,becausetwodayshad
passedthatwehadnotseenthem.Andbeingthusin
doubt^wesawthetwoshipsunderallsail,withensigns
spread,cometowardsus :these,whennearus,suddenly
dischargedmuchartillery,atwhichwe,veryjoyous,saluted
themwithartilleryandshouts. Afterwards, alltogether,
thankingGodandtheVirginMary,wewenttoseek
furtheron.
Afterhavingenteredinsidethisstraitwefoundthat
thereweretwomouths,ofwhichonetrendedtotheSirocco
(S.E.),andtheothertotheGarbin(S.W.).Onthataccount
thecaptainagainsentthetwoships,St.AnthonyandGo7i-
QB-ption,toseeifthemouthwhichwastowardsSiroccohad
anoutletbeyondintothesaidpeacefulsea.Oneofthese
twoships,namedSt.Anthony,wouldnotwaitfortheother
ship,becausethosewhowereinsidewishedtoreturnto
Spain :thistheydid,andtheprincipalreasonwason
accountofthepilot^ofthesaidshipbeingpreviouslydis-
contentedwiththesaidcaptain-general,becausethatbefore
thisarmamentwasmade,thispilothadgonetotheEm-
perortotalkabouthavingsomeshipstodiscovercountries.
But,onaccountofthearrivalofthecaptain-general, the
Emperordidnotgivethemtothispilot,onaccountof
whichheagreedwithsomeSpaniards,andthefollowing
nighttheytookprisonerthecaptainoftheirship,whowas
abrother^ofthecaptain-general, andwhowasnamed
AlvardeMeschite;theywoundedhim,andputhiminirons.
SotheycarriedhimofftoSpain.Andinthisship,which
wentawayandreturned,wasoneofthetwoabove-mentioned
giantswhomwehadtaken,andwhenhefelttheheathe
1"Souspecon."
2HisnamewasEstevanGomez.
^Cousin.

138. 60
'
PASSAGEOPTHESTEAITS.
died.Tlieothership,namedtheConception,notbeingable
tofollowthatone^wasalwayswaitingforit,andfluttei-ed
hitherandthither.Butitlostitstime,fortheothertook
theroadbynightforreturning.Whenthishappened,at
nighttheshipofthecaptainandtheothershipwentto-
gethertodiscovertheothermouthtoGarbin(S.W.),where,
onalwaysholdingonourcourse,wefoundthesamestrait.
Butattheend^wearrivedatariverwhichwenamedthe
RiverofSardines,becausewefoundagreatquantityof
them. Soweremainedtherefourdaystowaitforthe
othertwoships.Ashorttimeafterwesentaboatwell
suppliedwithmenandprovisionstodiscoverthecapeof
theothersea :theseremainedthreedaysingoingand
coming.Theytoldusthattheyhadfoundthecape,and
theseagreatandwide.Atthejoywhichthecaptain-
generalhadatthishebeganjo,cry,andhegavethename
ofCapeofDesiretothiscape^asathingwhichhadbeen
muchdesiredforalongtime.Havingdonethatweturned
backtofindthetwoshipswhichwereattheotherside,but
weonlyfoundtheConception,ofwhichshipweaskedwhat
hadbecomeofhercompanion. Tothisthecaptainofthe
saidship,namedJohnSerrano(whowaspilotofthefirst
shipwhichwaslost)ashasbeenrelated),repliedthathe
knewnothingofher,andthathehadneverseen-hersince
sheenteredthemouth.However,wesoughtforherthrough
allthestrait,asfarasthesaidmouth,bywhichshehad
takenhercoursetoreturn. Besidesthat,theOaptain-
GreneralsentbacktheshipnamedtheVictoryasfarasthe
entranceofthestraittoseeiftheshipwasthere,andhe
toldthepeopleofthisshipthatiftheydidnotfindtheship
theywerelookingfor,theyweretoplaceanensignonthe
summitofasmallhill,withaletterinsideapotplacedin
thegroundneartheensign,so.thatiftheshipshouldby
chancereturn,itmightseethatensign,andalsofindthe
1"Alafin."

139. PASSAGEOPTHESTRAITS. 61
letterwhicliwouldgiveinformationofthecoursewhich
thecaptainwasholding. Thismannerofactinghadbeen
ordainedbythecaptainfromthecommencement_, inorder
toeffectthejunctionofanyshipwhichmightbeseparated
fromtheothers.Sothepeopleofthesaidshipdidwhat
thecaptainhadcommandedthem,andmore,fortheyset
twoensignswithletters ;oneoftheensignswasplacedon
asmallhillatthefirstbay,theotheronanisletinthethird
bay,wherethereweremanyseawolvesandlargebirds.
Thecaptain-general waitedforthemwiththeothership
neartherivernamedIsles :andhecausedacrosstobe
setupona,smallislandinfrontofthatriver,whichwas
betweenhighmountainscoveredwithsnow. Thisriver
comesandfaRsintotheseaneartheotherriverofthe
Sardines.
Ifwehadnotfoundthisstraitthecaptain-generalhad
madeuphismindtogoasfarasseventy-fivedegrees
towardstheantarcticpole;whereatthatheightinthe
summertimethereisnonight,orverylittle :inasimilar
mannerinthewinterthereisnoday-light,orverylittle,
andsothateveryonemaybelievethis,whenwewerein
thisstraitthenightlastedonlythreehours,andthiswas
inthemonthofOctober.
Thelandofthisstraitonthelefthandsidelooked
towardstheSiroccowind,whichisthewindcollateraltothe
LevantandSouth
jwecalledthisstraitPathagonioo. In
itwefoundateveryhalfleagueagoodportandplacefor
anchoring,goodwaters,woodallofcedar,andfishlike
sardines,missiglioni,andaverysweetherbnamedappio
(celery).^ Thereisalsosomeofthesamekindwhichis
bitter. Thisherbgrowsnearthesprings,andfromnot
findinganythingelseweateofitforseveraldays. Ithink
thatthereisnotintheworldamorebeautifulcountry,or
betterstraitthanthisone.Inthisoceanseaoneseesa
v'Apiumdulce.''

140. 62 PATAGONIANWOEDS.
veryamusingcliaseoffish^whichareofthreesorts^ofan
ellormoreinlength,andtheycallthesefishDorades,Al-
bacores,andBonitos
jthesefollowandpursueanothersort
offishwhichflies^whichtheycallColondriny/whicharea
footlongormore^andareverygoodtoeat.Whenthese
threesortsoffishfindinthewateranyoftheseflyingfish,
immediatelytheymakethemcomeoutofthewater,and
theyflymorethanacrossbow-shot,aslongastheirwings
arewet;andwhilstthesefishesflytheotherthreerun
afterthemunderthewater,seeingtheshadowofthosethat
fly:andthemomenttheyfallintothewatertheyareseized
uponandeatenbytheotherswhichpursuethem,whichis
athingmarvellousandagreeabletosee.
"VocablesdesGeantsPathagoniens.
MilanEdition. MilanEdition.
Leclief -Her ..idem. Lesoreilles -Sane ..id.
Yeulx -Ather ..oter. Lesesselles -Salischin ..id.
Lenez -Or ..id. Lamamelle -Othen ..oton.
Lessilz -Occhechl ..id. Lapoitrine -Ochy ..ochii.
Paupieres des Sechechiel ..id. Lecorps -Gechel.
yeulx
AuxdeuxnarinesOrescho ..id. Levit -Scachet ..sachet.
Labouche -Xiam ..chian. Lecouillons -Scancos ..sachan-
Lesleures -Schiane..scliiaine. Lecon -Isse ..id. [cos.
Lesdentz -Phor ..for. Lefoutre -Johoi.
Lalangue -Scliial ..id. Lescuisses -Cliiaue ..id.
Lementon -Sechen ..secheri.Legenouil -Tepin ..id.
Lescheueulx^ -Ajchir ..archiz. Lecul -Schiachen
..schia-
guen.
Levisaige
-Cogechel. Lesfesses -Hoy ..hoii.
Lagorge -01iumer..ohumez. Lebraz -Mar ..riaz.
Lacopa*(lecou:)ScMalescliin. Lepoulse -Ohoy ..holion.
Lesepaulles -Peles. Lesjambes -Choss ..id.
Lecoude -Cotel. Lespiedz -Teche ..ti.
Lamain -Chene. Alcalcagno* -There
..tire.
LapaulmedelaCanneghin. LacheuilleduLPerchi ..id.
main pied
1GolondrinainSpanish,aswallow.
^IntheMilanedition"Barba",thebeard.

141. PATAGONIANWORDS. 63
MilanEdition. MilanEdition.
Ledoit -Cori ..id. LaplanteouCartschem ..caot-
soledupied schoni.
Lesongles -Colim ..colmi. Nous
- -Chen.
Lecueur -Choi ..tol. Siououy -Rei.
Legrater -Ghecare ..id. L'or - Pelpeli ..id.
Homosguerzo* -Calischen ..id. Petrelazure^
-•Secheghi ..sechey.
Aujeime -Calemi ..id. Lesoleil Calexchem ..id.
L'eau -Oli..holi. Lesestoilles -Settere ..id.
Lefeu -Gliialeme..gialeme .Lamer -Aro ..id.
Lafum6e -Jaiche . .giache. Levent
-Om ..oni.
Lafortune(storm)Ohone ..id. Alapignate*
-
•Aschame ..id.
Lepoisson -Hoi
..id. Ademander Ghelhe ..gheglie.
Lemanger -Mecchiere ..id. Vienicy
-Haisi ..hai.
Uneescuelle -Elo ..etlo. Auregarder •Conne ..id.
Acombatre -Oamaghei ..oho-
magse.
Aaller
-Rhei ..id.
Allefrezze* -Sethe ..seche. Alanef
*
Then ..id.
Ungchien -HoU ..id. Acourir^
•Hiam ..tiam.
Ungloup -Ani ..id. Al struzzo
vcelo*«
Hoihoi.
Aallerloing -Schien. Asesoeufs'
-Jan.
Alaguide -Anti. Lapouldre
d'herbe'
Qui.
Aladorer^ -Os..id. Mangents Capac ..id.
Ungpapegault^ -Cheche. Lebonnet -Aichel ..id.
LacaigedoyseauCleo ..id. Coulernoire -Amet ..oinel.
Almissiglion* -Siameni ..id. Rouge -Theiche ..faiche.
(oyster)
Draprouge -Terechai ..id. Jaulne -Peperi ..id.
Alcocinare* -Ixecoles..irocoles. Lediablegrand
,Setebos ..id.
Laceincture -Cathechin ..id. Lespetitzdiables,Cheleule ..id.
Uneoye -Chache ..cache. +
*TheItalianwordsmixedupintheFrenchMS.showthatthisMS.
waswrittenbyPigafetta,andnottranslatedfromhisItalian.
tNoneofthesewordsresemblethosegivenbytheJesuit,Falkner,
fromthelanguageoftheMoluchetribe.
^
"Plairer,odorat,"tosmell.
2Aparrot,notintheMilanedition.
3"Lapislazuli",intheMilanedition"Gemma".
*IntheMilanedition"nieve",snow.
5
IntheMilanedition"coprire,couvrir".
«Anostrich,notintheMilanedition.
'NotintheMilanedition.
^Food,therootusedasbread.

142. 64 MAGELLANENTERSTHEPACIFIC.
Allthesewordsarepronounced intliethroat,because
theypronouncethemthus.
Thesewordsweregivenmebythatgiantwhomwehad
intheship,becauseheaskedmeforcapac,thatistosay
bread/sincetheythusnamethatrootwhichtheyusefor
bread,andolithatistosaywater.Whenhesawmewrite
thesenamesafterhim,andaskforothersheunderstood
(whatIwasdoing)withmypeninmyhand.iAnother
timeImadeacrossandkisseditinshowingittohim;but
suddenlyheexclaimedSetebos !andmadesignstomethat
ifIagainmadethecrossitwouldenterintomystomach
andmakemedie.WhenthisgiantwasunwelPheasked
forthecross,andembracedandkisseditmuch,andhe
wished-tobecomeaChristianbeforehisdeath,andwe
namedhimPaul.Whenthesepeoplewishtolightafire
theytakeapointedstickandrubitwithanotheruntilthey
makeafireinthepithofatreewhichisplacedbetween
thesesticks.
(IntheMilanEditionherebeginsBooleII.)
Wednesday,thetwenty-eighth ofNovember,1520,we
cameforthoutofthesaidstrait,andenteredintothe
Pacificsea,whereweremainedthreemonthsandtwenty
dayswithouttakinginprovisionsorotherrefreshments,
andweonlyateoldbiscuitreducedtopowder,andfullof
grubs,andstinkingfromthedirtwhichtheratshadmade
onitwheneatingthegoodbiscuit,andwedrankwater
thatwasyellowandstinking.Wealsoatetheoxhides
whichwereunderthemain-yard,^ sothattheyardshould
notbreaktherigging:*theywereveryhardonaccountof
1Thispassageisnotquiteclear:—
"Quandilmeveytescripreces
nomsapresluydemandantdesaultresilmentendoitauecqlaplumeen
main."
2TheprintededitionofMilanhas:"ammalatodell'infermit^dicui
mori."
3"Antenamagiore."
•"Sartia."

144. Pigafetta'sMapofMagellan'sStraits.

145. VOYAGEINTHESOUTHPACiriC. 65
tliesun,rain,andwind,andwelefttliemforfourorfive
daysinthesea,andthenweputthemalittleontheem-
bers,andsoatethem;alsothesawdustofwood,^andrats
whichcosthalf-a-crown^ each,moreoverenoughofthem
werenottobegot.Besidestheabove-named evils,this
misfortunewhichIwillmentionwastheworst,itwasthat
theupperandlowergumsofmostofourmengrewso
much^thattheycouldnoteat,andinthiswaysomanysuf-
fered,thatnineteendied,andtheothergiant,andanIndian
fromthecountyofVerzin.Besidesthosewhodied,twenty-
fiveorthirtyfellillofdiverssicknesses,bothinthearmsand
legs,andotherplaces,insuchmannerthatveryfewre-
mainedhealthy.However,thanksbetotheLord,Ihadno
sickness. Duringthosethreemonthsandtwentydayswe
wentinanopensea,*whileweranfullyfourthousand
leaguesinthePacificsea.ThiswaswellnamedPacific,for
duringthissametimewemetwithnostorm,andsawno
landexcepttwosmalluninhabited islands,,inwhichwe
foundonlybirdsandtrees.WenamedthemtheUnfortunate
Islands ;theyaretwohundredleaguesapartfromone
another,andthereisnoplacetoanchor,asthereisnobot-
tom.Therewesawmanysharks,whichareakindoflarge
fishwhichtheycallTiburoni.Thefirstisleisinfifteen
degreesofaustrallatitude,^andtheotherislandisinnine
degrees.Withthesaidwindweraneachdayfiftyorsixty
leagues,^ormore;nowwiththewindastern,sometimeson
awind'^orotherwise.AndifourLordandhisMotherhad
1"Segaturedeasse." "Segatureditavole."Milan.
2"Escu,mezzo-ducato." Milanedition.
3Effectsofscurvy.Gama'sseamensufferedinthesameway,after
passingtheCapeofGoodHope.
*"Nousallasmesenunggoulfe."
5"Entirantauventhaustral." Fortheseislands,seethelogbook
ofFranciscoAlbo.
6TheMilaneditionhashere:"Accordingtothereckoningv/emade
withthechainastern."
'"Aulcunesfoysalorceouautrement."
¥

146. 6Q THEMAGELLAl^^ICCLOUDS.
notaidedusingivingusgoodweathertorefreshourselves
withprovisionsandotherthings,weshouldallhavediedof
hungerinthisveryvastsea,andIthinkthatneverman
willundertaketoperformsuchavoyage.
Whenwehadgoneontofthisstrait,ifwehadalways
navigatedtothewestweshouldhavegone'withoutfinding
anylandexcepttheCapeoftheElevenThousandVirgins,
whichistheeasternheadofthestraitintheoceansea,with
theCapeofDesireatthewestinthePacificsea.These
twocapesareexactlyinfifty-twodegreesoflatitudeofthe
antarcticpole.
Theantarcticpoleisnotsocoveredwithstarsasthe
arctic,fortherearetobeseentheremanysmallstarscon-
gregatedtogether,whichareliketotwocloudsalittle
separatedfromoneanother,andalittledimmed,^inthe
midstofwhicharetwostars,notverylarge,norverybril-
liant,andtheymovebutlittle:^thesetwostarsarethe
antarcticpole.Ourcompassneedlestillpointedalittleto
itsarcticpole
;nevertheless ithadnotasmuchpowerason
itsownsideandregion.*Yetwhenwewereintheopen
sea,^thecaptain-generaPaskedofallthepilots,whilststill
1TheMilaneditionhasherethewords:"Allroundtheearth,"
whichmakesthemeaningclearer.
*"Caronyveoitplusieursestoillespetitescongregeesensemblequi
sontenguisededeuxnueesungpeusepar6esI'unedeI'autre,etung
penobfusquees." TheMagellanicclouds.
3"Aumilieudesquellessontdeuxestellesnontropgrandesnemoult
reluysantes, etpetitementsemouvent."TheMilaneditionhas :"Due
stellemoltograndeerilucenti,chehannopocomoto."
*•"Nostrecalamiteungpeutiroittoujoursasonpolarctique.Neant-
moinsnavoitpointtantdeforcecommedesoncosteetsabande."
Milaneditionhas :"Lanostracalamitavolgeasisemprealpoloartico,
deviandoperoalcunpocodalpuntodelsettentrione."
'"Goulfe,inmezzoalmare."
*"Lecaptaine-generaldemandaatonslespillotzallanttousioursa
lavoyleparquelchemynnauigantonpuntuastescartes.Lesquelz
tonsrespondirentparsavoyepunctuellement donnee.Etilrespondit
quilzpunctuoyentfaulsement(chosequiestoitaiiisi),etquilconuenoit

147. DEVIATIONSOPTHECOMPASS. 67
goingundersail,inwhatdirectiontheyAverenavigating
andpointingthecharts.Theyallreplied,bythecoursehe
hadgiven,punctually[prickedin];thenheanswered,that
theywerepointingfalsely(whichwasso),andthatitwas
fittingtoarrangetheneedleofnavigation,becauseitdid
notreceivesomuchforceasinitsownquarter.When
wewereinthemiddleofthisopenseawesawacrossof
fivestars,verybright,straight,inthewest,andtheyare
straightonewithanother.^
Duringthistimeoftwomonthsandtwelvedayswe
navigatedbetweenwestandnorth-west(maestral),anda
quarterwestofnorth-west,andalsonorth-west,untilwe
cametotheequinoctial line,whichwasat[apoint]one
hundredandtwenty-twodegreesdistantfromthelineof
repartition. Thislineofdelimitation isthirtydegreesdis-
tantfromthemeridian,^andthemeridian^isthreedegrees
distantfromtheCapeVerdtowardstheeast.^Ingoing
bythiscoursewepassedneartwoveryrichislands
;oneis
intwentydegreeslatitudeintheantarcticpole,andiscalled
Cipanghu
;theother,infifteendegreesofthesamepole,is
namedSumbditPradit. Afterwehadpassedtheequinoc-
tiallinewenavigatedbetweenwest,andnorth-westanda
quarterwest,bynorth-west. Afterwardswemadetwo
auisterlaigueilledunauiguerporcequenerecepuoittantdeforcecomma
desapart."TheMilaneditionhas:"C'iobensapeva ilnostrocapi-
tanogenerale, epercio,qnandocitrovannoveleggiando inmezzoal
mare,eglidomandoatuttiipiloti,aiqualigiaindicateavevailpunto
acuidoveanotendere,perqualcamminopuntasseronellelorocarte
;
risposertutti,chepuntavano alluogodaluiordinate :edeglidisseche
puntavano falso ;echeconvenivaajutareI'agocalamitato, ilqualein
talposizionenoneraattratocontantaforza,quautolohdallasuaparte,
cioeneiremisferoboreale."
»"EtsonttresjustesI'uneavecqueslaidtre." Milan:"Edesatta-
mentedisposteinformadicroce."DantemayhaveheardoftheS.
CrossthroughMarcoPolo.
^"Duventdemidy."
""Lemydy."
4"Versleleuant"; itshouldbe"ponant."
p2

148. 68 LADRONEISLANDSSIGHTED.
hundredleaguestowestwards,thenchangedthecourseto
aquarterofsouth-west, untilinthirteendegreesnorth
latitude,inordertoapproachthelandofCapeGaticara/
whichcape(undercorrectionofthosewhohavemadecos-
mography), (fortheyhaveneverseenit),isnotplaced
wheretheythink,butistowardsthenorth,intwelve
degreesorthereabouts.
Afterhavingnavigatedsixtyleagues^bythesaidcourse,
intwelvedegreeslatitude,andahundredandforty-sixof
longitude,onWednesday, the6thofMarch,wedis-
coveredasmallislandinthenorth-westdirection,^andtwo
otherslyingtothesouth-west. Oneoftheseislandswas
largerandhigherthantheothertwo.Thecaptain-general
wishedtotouchatthelargestofthesethreeislandstoget
refreshmentsofprovisions
;butitwasnotpossiblebecause
thepeopleoftheseislandsenteredintotheshipsandrobbed
us,insuchawaythatitwasimpossibletopreserveoneself
fromthem.Whilstwewerestrikingandloweringthesails
togoashore,theystoleawaywithmuchaddressanddili-
gencethesmallboatcalledthesl^iff,whichwasmacfefast
tothepoopofthecaptaih^sship,atwhichhewasmuch
irritated,andwentonshorewithfortyarmedmen,burned
fortyorfiftyhouses,withseveralsmallboats,andkilled
sevenmenoftheisland;theyrecoveredtheirskiff.After
thiswesetsailsuddenly,followingthesamecourse.Before
wewentashoresomeofoursickmenbeggedusthatifwe
killedmanorwoman,thatweshouldbringthemtheir
entrails,astheywouldseethemselvessuddenlycured.
1Cattigara. CapeComorin,in.8deg.27niin.N.latitude.
2'p]]gMilaneditionhasseventy.
"Lavolteduventdemaestral."

149. SKIBMISHWITHISLANDERS. G9
CHAPTER.
Itmustbeknownthatwhenwewoundedanyofthiskind
ofpeoplewithourarrows,whichenteredinsidetheir
bodies,theylookedatthearrow,andthendrewitforth
withmuchastonishment,andimmediatelyafterwardsthey
died.^Immediatelyafterwesailedfromthatisland,follow-
ingourcourse,andthosepeopleseeingthatweweregoing
awayfollowedusforaleague,withahundredsmallboats,
ormore,andtheyapproachedourships,showingtousfish,
andfeigningtogiveittous.Buttheythrewstonesatus,
andthenranaway,andintheirflighttheypassedwith
theirlittleboatsbetweentheboatwhichistowedatthe
poopandtheshipgoingunderfullsail;buttheydidthis
soquickly,andwithsuchskillthatitwasawonder.And
wesawsomeofthesewomen,whocriedoutandtoretheir
hair,andIbelieve^thatitwasfortheloveofthosewhom
wehadkilled.
CHAPTER.
Thesepeopleliveinlibertyandaccording totheirwill,
fortheyhavenolordorsuperior ;theygoquitenaked,and
someofthemwearbeards,andhavetheirhairdowntothe
waist.Theywearsmallhats,afterthefashionoftheAl-
banians
;thesehatsaremadeofpalmleaves.Thepeople
areastallasus,andwellmade :theyadorenothing,and
whentheyareborntheyarewhite,latertheybecomebrown,
andhavetheirteethblackandred.Thewomenalsogo
naked,exceptthattheycovertheirnaturewithathinbark,
pliablelikepaper,whichgrowsbetweenthetreeandthe
'TheMilaneditionhashere :"Whichdidnotfailtocausecom-
passion."
2TheMilaneditionhasfor"Ibelieve","certainly".

150. 70 DESCRIPTION OJFTHEISLANDERS.
barkoftliepalm.Theyarebeautifulanddelicate^and
whiterthanthemen,andhavetheirhairlooseandflowing,
veryblackandlong,downtotheearth.Theydonot
gotoworkinthefields,norstirfromtheirhouses^
makingclothandbasketsofpalmleaves. Theirprovisions
arecertainfruitsnamedCochi,Battate
;therearebirds,
figsapalmlong,^sweetcanes,andflyingfish.Thewomen
anointtheirbodiesandtheirhairwithoilofcochoand
giongioli(sesame). Theirhousesareconstructedofwood,
coveredwithplanks,withfigleaves,whicharetwoellsin
length :theyhaveonlyonefloor :theirroomsandbedsare
furnishedwithmats,^whichwecallmatting,^whicharemade
ofpalmleaves,andareverybeautiful,andtheyliedownon
palmstraw,whichissoftandfine.Thesepeoplehaveno
arms,butusesticks,*whichhaveafishboneattheend.
Theyarepoor,butingenious,andgreatthieves,andforthe
sakeofthatwecalledthesethreeislandstheLadrone
Islands,Thepastimeofthemenandthewomenofthis
place,andtheirdiversion,istogowiththeirlittleboatsto
catchthosefishwhichfly,withhooksmadeoffishbones.
Thepatternoftheirsmallboatsispaintedhere-after,they
arelikethefuseleres,"butnarrower.Someofthemblack
andwhite,andothersred.Ontheoppositesidetothesail,
theyhavealargepieceofwood,pointedabove,withpoles
across,whichareinthewater,inordertogomoresecurely
undersail :theirsailsareofpalmleaves,sewedtogether,
andoftheshapeofalateen sail,foreandaft.They
havecertainshovelslikehearthshovels,^andthereisno
difierencebetweenthepoopandtheprowintheseboats,
andtheyarelikedolphinsboundingfromwavetowave.
Thesethievesthought,accordingtothesignstheymade,
'Bananas,orplantains. ^stores.
3"Nattes." *"
JBaston."
^Milanedition,"fusiniere":boatsnamedafterFusine,fromwhich
peopleareferriedtoVenice.
•
^Yorjxiddles.

151. PHILIPPINEISLANDS. 71
thattherewerenoothermenintheworldbesides
them.
Saturday,theIGthofMarch,1521,wearrivedatday-
bi*eakinsightofahighisland,threehundredleagues
distantfromthebefore-mentioned Thieves^island.Thisisle
isnamedZamal.^Thenextdaythecaptain-general Avished
tolandatanotheruniuhat^tedislandnearthefirst/tobe
ingreatersecurityandtotakewater,alsotoreposethere
afewdays.Hesetuptheretwotentsonshoreforthe
sick,andhadasow^killedforthem.
Monday,the18thofMarch,afterdinner,wesawaboat
cometowardsuswithninemeninit:uponwhichthecap-
tain-general orderedthatnooneshouldmoveorspeak
withouthispennission.^Whenthesepeoplehadcomeinto
thisislandtowards us,immediately theprincipal^one
amongstthemwenttowardsthecaptain-generalwithde-
monstrationsofbeingveryjoyousatourarrival. Fiveof
themostshowy^ofthemremainedwithus,theotherswho
remainedwiththeboatwenttocallsomemenwhowere
fishing-,andafterwards allofthemcametosrether.'^The
captainseeingthatthesepeoplewerereasonable,^ordered
foodanddrinktobegiventhem,andhegavethemsome
redcaps,lookingglasses,combs,bells,ivory,andother
things.Whenthesepeoplesawthepolitenessofthecaptain,
theypresentedsomefish,andavesselofpalmwine,which
1NowcalledSamar,inthePhilippinegroup.
2InsteadofthesewordstheMilaneditionhas :"Whichlaterwe
learnedwasnamedHumunu." Amorettisaysthisislandissituated
nearCapeGuigauoftheIslandofSamar.
3AmorettipresumesthissowwasbroughtfromtheLadrones. Des-
brosses,t.ii,p.55.
*"Conge." *"Apparant." Milanedition,"principale".
«"Apparant." Milanedition,"
ornati".
'TheMilaneditionaddshere:"Welearnedthattheislandwhich
theycamefromwasnamedZuluan,anditisasmallisland."
8Milan :
"Sociable."

152. 72 COCOA-NUTPALMS.
theycallintheirlanguageUraca;^figsmorethanafoot"
long,andotherssmallerandofabettersavour,andtwo
cochos,^Atthattimetheyhadnothingtogivehim,and
theymadesignstouswiththeirhandsthatinfourdays
theywouldbringusUmai,whichisrice,cocos,andmany
othervictuals.
Toexplainthekindoffruitsi,above-named itmustbe
knownthattheonewhichtheycallcochi,isthefruitwhich
thepalmtreesbear.Andaswehavebreadswine,oil,and
vinegar,proceedingfromdifferentkinds,sothesepeople
havethosethingsproceedingfromthesepalmtreesonly.
Itmustbesaidthatwineproceedsfromthesaidpalmtrees
inthefollowingmanner. Theymakeaholeatthesummit
ofthetreeasfarasitsheart,whichisnamedpalmito,from
whichaliquorcomesoutindropsdownthetree,likewhite
must,whichissweet,butwithsomewhatofbitter.^They
havecanesasthickastheleg,inwhichtheydrawoffthis
liquor,andtheyfastenthemtothetreefromtheeveningtill
nextmorning,andfromthemorningtotheevening,because
thisliquorcomes littlebylittle.Thispalmproducesa
fruitnamedcocho,whichisaslargeasthehead,orthere-
abouts :itsfirsthuskisgreen,andtwofingersinthickness,
inittheyfindcertainthreads,withwhichtheymakethe
cordsforfasteningtheirboats.Underthishuskthereis
anotherveryhard,andthickerthanthatofawalnut.They
burnthissecondrind,andmakewithitapowderwhich
isusefultothem.Underthisrindthereisawhitemarrow
ofafinger'sthickness,whichtheyeatfreshwithmeatand
fish,aswedobread,andithasthetasteofanalmond,and
ifanyonedriedit^hemightmakebreadofit.Fromthe
middleofthismarrowtherecomesoutaclearsweetwater,
1Arrak.
-Bananas.TheMilaneditionhas :"Morethanapalminlength."
-
3Cocoa-nuts.
''"Verdeur."
*HeretheINIilaneditionadds :"Andreducedittoflour."

153. COCOA-NUTPALMS. 73
andverycordial^whidi^whenithasrestedalittle,and
settled,congealsandbecomeslikeanapple.
-^Whenthey
wishtomakeoiltheytakethisfruit,thecoco,andletitget
rotten,andtheycorruptthismarrowinthewater,thenthey
boilit,anditbecomesoilinthemanner^ofbutter.When
theywanttomakevinegar,theyletthewaterinthecocoa-
nutgetbad,andtheyputitinthesun,whenitturnsto
vinegarlikewhitewine.Fromthisfruitmilkalsocanbe
made,asweexperienced, forwescrapedthismarrowand
thenputitwithitswater,andpasseditthroughacloth,
andthusitwasmilklikethatofgoats.Thiskindofpalm
treeislikethedate-palm,^butnotsorugged.Twoof
thesetreescanmaintainafamilyoftenpersons :butthey
donotdrawwineasabove-mentioned alwaysfromonetree,
butdrawfromoneforeightdays,andfromtheotheras
long.Foriftheydidnot,otherwisethetreeswoulddry
up.Inthismannertheylastahundredyears.*
Thesepeoplebecameveryfamiliarandfriendlywithus,
andexplainedmanythingstousintheirlanguage,andtold
usthenamesofsomeislandswhichwesawwithoureyes
beforeus.*TheislandwheretheydweltiscalledZuluam,
anditisnotlarge.*^AstheyweresujBBcientlyagreeable
andconversiblewehadgreatpleasurewiththem.The
captainseeingthattheywereofthisgoodcondition,to
dothemgreaterhonourconductedthemtotheship,and
showedthemallhisgoods,thatistosay,cloves,cinnamon,
pepper,ginger,nutmeg,mace,^gol^^^^^3-11thatwasinthe
ship.Healsohadsomeshotsfiredwithhisartillery,at
whichtheyweresomuchafraidthattheywishedtojump
*Milaneditionhas :"Takestheconsistencyofhoney."
*Milaneditionhas:
''Thickasbutter."
3HeretheMilaneditionadds:"Butitstrunk,withoutbeingsmooth,
islessknotty."
*Milaneditionhas :"Weweretoldthatoneofthesetreeslasts,"
etc.
*-^HereomittedinMilanedition.
^"Matia.

154. 74 ISLANDEKS.
fromtheshipintothesea.Theymadesignsthatthe
thingswhichthecaptainhadshownthemgrewtherewhere
weweregoing.Whentheywishedtoleaveustheytook
leaveofthecaptainandofuswithverygoodmannersand
gracefulness,,promisingustocomebacktoseeus.The
islandwewereatwasnamedHumunu;neverthelessbecause
wefoundtheretwospringsofveryfreshwaterwenamedit
theWateringPlaceofgoodsigns/andbecausewefound
herethefirstsignsofgold. Thereismuchwhitecoralto
befoundhere,andlargetreeswhichbearfruitsmallerthan
analmond,andwhicharelikepines.Therewerealsomany
palmtreesbothgoodandbad.Inthisplacetherewere
manycircumjacent islands,onwhichaccountwenamed
themthearchipelago ofSt.Lazarus,becausewestayed
thereonthedayandfeastofSt.Lazarus. Thisregionand
archipelago isintendegreesnorthlatitude,andahundred
andsixty-onedegreeslongitudefromthelineofdemar-
cation.
Friday,the22ndofMarch,theabove-mentioned people,
whohadpromisedustoreturn,cameaboutmidday,with
twoboatsladenwiththesaidfruitcochi,sweetoranges,a
vesselofpalmwine,andacock,togiveustounderstand
thattheyhadpoultryintheircountry,sothatwebought
allthattheybrought.Thelordofthesepeoplewasold,
andhadhisfacepainted,andhadgoldringssuspendedto
hisears,whichtheynameSchione,"andtheothershadmany
braceletsandringsofgoldontheirarms,withawrapper
oflinenroundtheirhead.Weremainedatthisplaceeight
days :thecaptainwentthereeverydaytoseehissick
men,whomhehadplacedonthisislandtorefreshthem
:
andhegavethemhimselfeverydaythewaterofthissaid
fruitthecocho,whichcomfortedthemmuch,
iNearthis
isleisanotherwherethereareakindofpeoplewhowear
1"Aquadedesbonssignes."
-ThiswordisnotintheMilanedition,norintheTagalDictionary.

155. PIGAFETTAFALLSOVEEBOAED. 75
holes"^intheirearssolargethattheycanpasstheirarms
throughthem;thesepeopleareCaphre,thatistosay^
Gentiles,andtheygonaked,exceptthatroundtheir
middlestheywearclothmadeofthebarkoftrees.But
therearesomeofthemoreremarkableofthemwhowear
cottonstuff,andattheendofitthereissomeworkofsilk
donewithaneedle. Thesepeoplearetawny/fat,and
painted,andtheyanointthemselveswiththeoilofcoco
nutsandsesame,^topreservethemfromthesunandthe
wind.Theirhairisveryblackandlong,reachingtothe
waist,andtheycarrysmalldaggersandknives,ornamented
withgold,andmanyotherthings,suchasdarts,*harpoons,
andnetstofish,like ^andtheirboatsarelikeours.
TheMondayofPassionweek,the25thofMarch,and
feastofourLady,intheafternoon,andbeingreadyto
departfromthisplace,Iwenttothesideofourshiptofish,
andputtingmyfeetonaspartogodowntothestore
room,^myfeetslipped,becauseithadrained,andIfellinto
theseawithoutanyoneseeingme,andbeingneardrowning
byluckIfoundatmylefthandthesheetofthelargosail
whichwasinthesea,Icaughtholdofitandbegantocry
outtilltheycametohelpandpickmenpwiththeboat. I
wasassistednotbymymerits,butbythemercyandgrace
ofthefountainofpity.Thatsamedaywetookthecourse
betweenwestandsouthwest,'''andpassedamidstfoursmall
islands,thatistosay,Cenalo,Pluinanghar,Ibusson,and
Abarien.
Thursday,the28thofMarch,havingseenthenight
beforefireuponanisland,atthemorningwecameto
'"Picquetez'',notinSte.Palaye'sGlossary
2"Tanez."
^"Giongioli."
*"Fascines,""faxina." "Foscine,"Milanedition.
*Milanedition :"Likeourrizali."
«"Chambredesmunitions.""Mezzadeguarnigione,''Milanedition.
'"Ponnantctlegarbin."

156. 76 AKINGVISITSTHESHIPS.
anchoratthisisland;wherewesawasmallboatwhich
theycallBolotOjwitheightmeninside,whichapproached
theshipofthecaptain-general. Thenaslaveofthecap-
tain's,whowasfromSumatra,otherwisenamedTraprobana,
spokefromafartothesepeople,whounderstoodhistalk/
andcameneartothesideoftheship,buttheywithdrew
immediately,andwouldnotenterfheshipfromfearofus.
Sothecaptainseeingthattheywouldnottrusttous
showedthemaredcap,andotherthings,whichhehadtied
andplacedonalittleplank,^andthepeopleintheboat
tookthemimmediatelyandjoyously,andthenreturnedto
advisetheirking.Twohoursafterwards,orthereabouts,
wesawcometwolongboats,whichtheycallBallanghai,
fullofmen.Inthelargestofthemwastheirkingsitting
underanawningofmats;whentheywereneartheshipof
thecaptain-general, thesaidslavespoketotheking,who
understoodhimwell,becauseinthesecountriesthekings
knowmorelanguagesthanthecommonpeople.Thenthe
kingorderedsomeofhispeopletogotothecaptain^sship,
whilsthewouldnotmovefromhisboat,whichwasnear
enoughtous.Thiswasdone,andwhenhispeoplereturned
totheboat,hewentawayatonce.Thecaptaingavegood
entertainment tothemenwhocametohisship,andgave
themallsortsofthings,onwhichaccountthekingwished
togivethecaptainaratherlargebarofsolidgold,anda
chest^fullofginger.However,thecaptainthankedhim
verymuchbutwouldnotacceptthepresent. Afterthat,
whenitwaslate,wewentwiththeshipsneartothehouses
andabodeoftheking.
ThenextdaywhichwasGoodFriday,thecaptainsent
onshorethebefore-mentioned slave,whowasourinterpre-
ter,tothekingtobeghimtogivehimformoneysome
provisionsforhisships,sendinghimwordthathehadnot
1Malay. 2u^e2=ais." Milanedition:"Tavola."
Sporta",Milanedition :"basket."
.
3U

157. VISITOFTHEKING,
'
77
cometohiscountryasanenemy^butasafriend.The
kingonhearingthiscamewithsevenoreightmenina
boat^andenteredtheship,andembracedthecaptain,and
gavehimthree,chinadishescoveredwithleavesfullof
rice,andtwodorades,whichareratherlargefish,andofthe
sortabove-mentioned,andhegavehimseveralotherthings.
Thecaptaingavethiskingarobeofredandyellowcloth,
madeintheTurkishfashion,andaveryfineredcap,and
tohispeoplehegavetosomeofthemknives,andtoothers
mirrors. Afterthatrefreshmentswereserveduptothem.
Thecaptaintoldtheking,throughthesaf6interpreter,
thathewishedtobewithhim,cassi^cassi,thatistosay,
brothers.Towhichthekingansweredthathedesiredto
bethesametowardshim.Afterthatthecaptainshowed
himclothsofdifferentcolours,linen,coral,andmuchother
merchandise,andalltheartillery,ofwhichhehadsome
piecesfiredbeforehim,atwhichthekingwasmuchasto-
nished;afterthatthecaptainhadoneofhissoldiersarmed
withwhitearmour,andplacedhiminthemidstofthree
comrades,whostruckhimwithswordsanddaggers.The
kingthoughtthisverystrange,andthecaptaintoldhim,
throughtheinterpreter,thatamanthusinwhitearmour
wasworthahundredofhismen
;heansweredthatitwas
true;hewasfurtherinformedthattherewereineachship
twohundred likethatman.
'Afterthatthecaptain
showedhimagreatnumberofswords,cuirasses,and
helmets,andmadetwoofthemenplaywiththeirswords
beforetheking;hethenshowedhimtheseachartandthe
shipcompass,andinformedhimhowhehadfoundthe
straittocomethere,andofthetimewhichhehadspentin
coming;alsoofthetimehehadbeenwithoutseeingany
land,atwhichthekingwasastonished. Attheendthe
captainasked-ifhewouldbepleasedthattwoofhispeople
'"Intimatefriends,"TagalDictionary.
2TheMilaneditionrepresentstheKingasmakingtherequest,and
thecaptain-generalconsentingtoit.

158. 78 PIGAFETTAGOESONSHORE
shouldgowithhimtotheplaceswheretheylived^tosee
someofthethingsofhiscountry. Thisthekinggranted,
andIwentwithanother.
WhenIhadlanded,thekingraisedhishandstothesky,
andturnedtoustwo,andwedidthesameashedid
;after
thathetookmebythehand,andoneofhisprincipalpeople
tookmycompanion,andledusunderaplacecoveredwith
canes,wheretherewasaballanghai,thatistosay,aboat,
eightyfeetlongorthereabouts,resemblingafusta.We
satwiththekinguponitspoop,alwaj^sconversingwithhim
bysigns,andhispeoplestooduparoundus,withtheir
swords,spears,andbucklers.Thenthekingorderedtobe
broughtadishofpig'sfleshandwine.^Theirfashionof
drinkingisinthiswise,theyfirstraisetheirhandstoheaven,
thentakethedrinkingvesselintheirrighthand,and
extendthelefthandclosedtowardsthepeople. Thisthe
kingdid,andpresentedtomehisfist,sothatIthought
thathewantedtostrikeme
;Ididthesamethingtowards
him
;sowiththisceremony,andothersignsoffriendship,
webanqueted,andafterwardssuppedwithhim.
IatefleshonGoodFriday,notbeingabletodoother-
wise,andbeforethehourofsupper,Igaveseveralthings
totheking,whichIhadbrought. ThereIwrotedown
severalthingsastheynamethemintheirlanguage,and
whenthekingandtheotherssawmewrite,andItoldthem
theirmannerofspeech,theywereallastonished.When
thehourforsupperhadcome,theybroughttwolargechina
dishes,ofwhichonewasfullofrice,andtheotherofpig's
flesh,withitsbroth
^andsauce.Wesuppedwiththesame
signsandceremonies,andthenwenttotheking'spalace,
whichwasmadeandbuiltlikeahaygrange,coveredwith
1TheMilaneditionaddshere :"Ateachmouthfulwedrankacup
ofwine,andwhateverremainedinthecup,thoughthatrarelyhappened,
wasputintoanothervase."
2"Brouet." "Brodo,"Milanedition.

159. TOVISITTHEKING. 79
figandpalmleaves. Itwasbuiltongreattimbershigh
abovetheground,anditwasnecessarytogoupstepsand
ladderstoit.Thenthekingmadeussitonacanemat,
withourlegsdoubledaswasthecustom;afterhalfanhour
therewasbroughtadishoffishroastinpieces,andginger
freshgatheredthatmoment,andsomewine.Theeldestson
oftheking,whowastheprince,camewherewewere,and
thekingtoldhimtositdownnearus,whichhedid;then
twodisheswerebrought,oneoffish,withitssauce,andthe
otherofrice,andthiswasdoneforustoeatwiththe
prince.Mycompanionenjoyedthefoodanddrinksomuch
thathegotdrunk.Theyuseforcandlesortorchesthegum
ofatreewhichisnamedAnimd,wrappedupinleavesofpalms
orfigtrees.Thekingmadeasignthathewishedtogo
torest,andleftwithustheprince,withwhomweslepton
acanemat,withsomecushionsandpillowsofleaves.Nest
morningthekingcameandtookmebythehand,andsowe
wenttotheplacewherewehadsupped,tobreakfast,butthe
boatcametofetchus.Theking,beforewewentaway,was
verygay,andkissedourhands,andwekissedhis.There
camewithusabrotherofhis,thekingofanotherisland,^
accompaniedbythreemen.Thecaptain-general detained
himtodinewithus,andwegavehimseveralthings.
Intheislandbelongingtothekingwhocametotheship
thereareminesofgold,whichtheyfindinpiecesasbigas
awalnutoranegg,byseekingintheground. Allthe
vesselswhichhemakesuseofaremadeofit,andalsosome
partsofhishouse,whichwaswellfittedupaccordingtothe
customofthecountry,andhewasthehandsomestmanthat
wesawamongthesenations.Hehadveryblackhaircom-
1Itwillbeseenfurtheronthatthesebrotherswerekingsorlordsof
twocitiesonthecoastofMindanao,ofwhichonewasnamedButuan,
theotherCalagan.Thefirstplaceretainsitsname,theotherisnamed
Caragua.TheKingofButuanwasalsoKingoftheIslandofMassaua,
betweenMindanaoandSamar. Xote,Milanedition.

160. 80 MASSONSHOEEONEASTEBDAY.
ingdowntohisshoulders^withasilkclothonhishead,
andtwolargegoldringshangingfromhisears,hehada
clothofcottonworkedwithsilk,whichcoveredhimfrom
thewaisttotheknees,athissideheworeadagger,witha
longhandlewhichwasallofgold,itssheathwasofcarved
wood.^Besideshecarrieduponhimscentsofstoraxand
benzoin.Hewastawnyandpaintedallover.Theisland
ofthiskingisnamedZuluanandCalagan,andwhenthese
twokingswishtovisitoneanothertheycometohuntin
thisislandwherewewere.^Ofthesekingsthepainted
kingiscalledE-aiaCalambu,andtheotherRaiaSiani.^
OnSunday,thelastdayofMarch,andfeastofEaster,
thecaptainsentthechaplainashoreearlytosaymass,and
theinterpreterwentwithhimtotellthekingthatthey
werenotcomingonshoretodinewithhim,butonlytohear
themass.Thekinghearingthatsenttwodeadpigs.
Whenitwastimeforsayingmassthecaptainwentashore
withfiftymeu,notwiththeirarms,butonlywiththeir
swords,anddressedaswellaseachonewasabletodress,
andbeforetheboatsreachedtheshoreourshipsfiredsix
cannonshotsasasignofpeace.Atourlandingthetwo
kingswerethere,andreceivedourcaptaininafriendly
manner,andplacedhimbetweenthem,andthenwewent
totheplacepreparedforsayingmass,whichwasnotfar
fromtheshore. Beforethemassbeganthecaptainthrew
aquantityofmuskrosewateronthosetwokings,andwhen
theoffertoryofthemasscame,thetwokingswenttokiss
thecrosslikeus,buttheyofierednothing,andattheeleva-
tionofthebodyofourLordtheywerekneelinglikeus,
andadoredourLordwithjoinedhands.Theshipsfiredall
theirartilleryattheelevationofthebodyofourLord.
AftermasshadbeensaideachonedidthedutyofaChris-
1TheMilaneditionaddshere :"Oneachofhisteethhehadthree
spotsofgold,sothathisteethappearedtobeboundwithgold."
>=Massaua.
^Milanedition :"Siagu."

161. MAGELLANPLANTSACROSS.
, 81
tiaHjreceivingourLord.Afterthatthecaptainhadsome
sword-playbyhispeople,whichgavegreatpleasuretotTie
kings.ThenJiehadacrossbrought,withthenailsand
crown,towhichthekingsmadereverence,andthecaptain
hadthemtoldthatthesethingswhichheshowedthem
werethesignoftheemperorhislordandmaster,from
whomhehadchargeandcommandment toplaceitinall
placeswherehemightgoorpassby.Hetoldthemthat
hewishedtoplaceitintheircountryfortheirprofit,because
iftherecameafterwardsanyshipsfromSpaintothose
islands,onseeingthiscross,theywouldknowthatwehad
beenthere,andthereforetheywouldnotcausethemany
displeasuretotheirpersonsnortheirgoods ;andifthey
tookanyoftheirpeople,onshowingthemthissign,they
wouldatonceletthemgo.Besidesthis,thecaptaintold
themthatitwasnecessarythatthiscrossshouldbeplaced
onthesummitofthehighestmountainintheircountry,so
thatseeingiteverydaytheymightadoreit,andthatifthey
didthus,neitherthunder,lightning,northetempestcould
dothemhurt.Thekingsthankedthecaptain,andsaidthey
woulddoitwillingly.Thenheaskedwhethertheywere
MoorsorGentiles,andinwhattheybelieved.Theyan-
sweredthattheydidnotperformanyotheradoration,but
onlyjoinedtheirhands,lookinguptoheaven,andthat
theycalledtheirGod,Aba.Hearingthis,thecaptainwas
veryjoyful,onseeingthat,thefirstkingraisedhishandsto
theskyandsaidthathewisheditwerepossibleforhimto
beabletoshowtheaffectionwhichhefelttowardshim.
Theinterpreteraskedhimforwhatreasontherewasso
littletoeatinthatplace,towhichthekingrepliedthathe
didnotresideinthatplaceexceptwhenhecametohunt
andtoseehisbrother,butthathelivedinanotherisland
wherehehadallhisfamily.Thenthecaptainaskedhimifhe
hadanyenemieswhomadewaruponhim,andthatifhehad
anyhewouldgoanddefeatthemwithhismenandships,to
G

162. 82 MAGELLANPLANTSACROSS.
putthemunderhisobedience. Thekingthankedhim,and
answeredthatthereweretwoislandstheinhabitants of
whichwerehisenemies ;however^thatforthepresentit
wasnotthetimetoattackthem.Thecaptainthereforesaid
tohimthatifGodpermittedhimtoreturnanothertimeto
thiscountry,hewouldbringsomanymenthathewouldput
thembyforceunderhisobedience. Thenhebadethein-
terpretertellthemthathewasgoingawaytodine,andafter
thathewouldreturntoplacethecrossonthesummitofthe
mountain. Thetwokingssaidtheywerecontent,andon
thattheyembracedthecaptain,andheseparatedfromthem.
Afterdinnerweallreturnedinourdresscoats^,andwe
wenttogetherwiththetwokingstothemiddleofthe
highestmountainwecouldfind,andtherethecrosswas
planted. Afterthatthetwokingsandthecaptainrested
themselves ;and,whileconversing,Iaskedwherewasthe
bestportforobtainingvictuals.Theyrepliedthatthere
werethree,thatistosay,Ceylon,Zzubu,^andCalaghan,
butthatZzubuwasthelargestandofthemosttraffic.
Thenthekingsofferedtogivehimpilotstogotothose
ports,forwhichhethankedthem,anddeliberated togo
there,forhisill-fortune^wouldhaveitso.Afterthecross
hadbeenplantedonthatmountain,eachonesaidthe
PaternosterandAveMaria,andadored it,andthekings
didthelike.Thenwewentdownbelowtowheretheir
boatswere.Therethekingshadbroughtsomeofthefruit
calledcocosandotherthingstomakeacollationandto
refreshus.Thecaptain,beingdesiroustodepartthenext
dayinthemorning,askedthekingforthepilotstoconduct
ustotheabove-mentioned ports,promisinghimtotreat
themlikethemselves,andthathewouldleaveoneofhis
ownmenasahostage.Thefirstkingsaidthathewould
1"Pourpoints."
2CeylonistheislandofLeyte,andZzubuisSebu.Milanedition.
^"Malleadventure."

163. DESCRIPTIONOFISLANDERS. 83
gohimselfandconducthimtothisport,andbehispilots
butthatheshouldwaittwodays,untilhehadhadhisrice
gatheredinanddoneotherthingswhichhehadtodo,
begginghimtolendhimsomeofhismensoastogetdone
sooner. Thisthecaptainagreedto.
Thiskindofpeoplearegentle,andgonaked^andare
painted.Theywearapieceofclothmadefromatree,like
alinencloth,roundtheirbodytocovertheirnaturalparts :
theyaregreatdrinkers.Thewomenaredressedintree
clothfromtheirwaistsdownwards
;theirhairisblack,and
reachesdowntotheground ;theywearcertaingoldrings
intheirears.Thesepeoplechewmostoftheirtimeafruit
whichtheycallareca,whichissomethingoftheshapeofa
pear;theycutitinfourquarters,andaftertheyhave
cheweditforalongtimetheyspititout,fromwhichafter-
wardstheyhavetheirmouthsveryred.Theyfindthem-
selvesthebetterfromtheuseofthisfruitbecause itre-
freshesthemmuch,forthiscountryisveryhot,sothatthey
couldnotlivewithoutit.Inthisislandthereisagreat
quantityofdogs,cats,pigs,fowls,andgoats,rice,ginger^
cocos,figs,oranges,lemons,millet,wax,andgoldmines.
Thisislandisinninedegreesandtwo-thirdsnorthlatitude,
andonehundredandsixty-twolongitude^fromthelineof
demarcation :itistwenty-fiveleaguesdistantfromthe
otherislandwherewefoundthetwofountainsoffresh
water.ThisislandisnamedMazzava.
Weremainedsevendaysinthisplace;thenwetookthe
tackofMaestral,passingthroughthemidstoffiveisles,
thatistosay,Ceylon,Bohol,Canighan,Baibai,andSati-
ghan.2InthisislandofSatighan isakindofbird^called
Barbastigly,whichareaslargeaseagles.Ofthesewe
1IfMassauaistheislandLimassavaofBellin'smap,itisin9deg.
40min.N.latitude,butin190deg.W.longitudefromthelineofde-
marcation. Note,Milanedition.
2"Gatighan." Milanedition.
^"Pipistrelli." Milanedition,
g2

164. 84 ARRIVALATSEBU.
killedonlyone,becauseitwaslate.Weateit^andithad
thetasteofafowl.Therearealsointhisislanddoves,
tortoises,parrots,andcertainblackbirdsaslargeasafowl,
withalongtail.Theylayeggsaslargeasthoseofagoose.
Thesetheyputagoodarm'slength^underthesandinthe
sun,wheretheyarehatchedbythegreatheatwhichthe
heatedsandgivesout;andwhenthesebirdsarehatched
theypushup^thesandandcomeout.Theseeggsaregood
toeat.FromthisislandofMazzabua^tothatofSatighan
therearetwentyleagues,andonleavingSatighanwewent
bythewest;buttheKingofMazzabuacouldnotfollow
us;thereforewewaitedforhimnearthreeislands,thatis
tosay.Polo,Ticobon,andPozzon.Whenthekingarrived
hewasmuchastonishedatournavigation,thecaptain-
generalbadehimcomeonboardhisshipwithsomeofhis
principalpeople,atwhichtheyweremuchpleased.Thuswe
wenttoZzubu,whichisfifteenleaguesofffromSatighan.
Sunday,the7thofApril,aboutmidday,weenteredthe
portofZzubu,havingpassedbymanyvillages. There^we
sawmanyhouseswhichwerebuiltontrees.Onapproaching
theprincipaltownthecaptain-generalcommanded allhis
shipstohangouttheirflags.Thenweloweredthesailsin
thefashioninwhichtheyarestruckwhengoingtofight,
andhehadalltheartilleryfired,atwhichthepeopleofthis
placeweregreatlyfrightened. Thecaptainsentayoung
manwhomhehadbroughtup,^withtheinterpretertothe
kingofthisislandZzubu.Thesehavingcometothetown,
foundagreatnumberofpeopleandtheirkingwiththem,
allalarmedbytheartillerywhichhadbeenfired.Butthe
interpreterreassuredthem,sayingthatitwasthefashion
andcustomtofireartillerywhentheyarrivedatports,to
showsignsofpeaceandfriendship ;andalso,todomore
honourtothekingofthecountry,theyhadfiredallthear-
'"Bienunebrassee."
^"Haulsent."
*"Massava."
*"Illecq[ues,"
*"Nourry." Milanedition :
"Uusuoallievo."

165. NEGOTIATIONS. 00
tillery.Thekingandallhispeoplewerereassured.He
thenbadeoneofhisprincipalmenaskwhatwewereseek-
ing.Theinterpreteransweredhimthathismasterwas
captainofthegreatestkingintheworld^andthathewas
goingbjthecommandofthesaidsovereigntodiscoverthe
Moluccaislands.However,onaccountofwhathehad
heardwherehehadpassed,andespeciallyfromtheKingof
Mazzava,ofhiscourtesyandgoodfame,hehadwishedto
passbyhiscountrytovisithim,andalsotoobtainsome
refreshmentofvictualsforhismerchandise. Thekingan-
sweredhimthathewaswelcome,butthatthecustomwas
thatallshipswhicharrivedathiscountryorportpaid
tribute,anditwasonlyfourdayssincethatashipcalled
theJunkofCiama/ladenwithgoldandslaves,hadpaid
himhistribute,and,toverifywhathesaid,heshowed
themamerchantofthesaidCiama,whohadremained
theretotradewiththegoldandslaves.Theinterpreter
saidtohimthatthiscaptain,onaccountofbeingcaptainof
sogreatakingashiswas,wouldnotpaytributetoany
sovereignintheworld;andthatifhewishedforpeacehe
wouldhavepeace,audifhewishedforwarhewouldhave
war.Thenthemerchantabove-mentioned repliedtothe
kinginhisownlanguage,"Lookwell,ohking,^whatyou
willdo,forthesepeopleareofthosewhohaveconquered
Calicut,Malacca,andallgreaterIndia; ifyouentertain
themwellandtreatthemwellyouwillfindyourselfthe
betterforit,andifill,itwillbesomuchtheworseforyou,
astheyhavedoneatCalicutandMalacca.^^ Theinter-
preter,whounderstood allthisdiscourse,saidtothemthat
theking,hismaster,wasagooddealmorepowerfulin
shipsandbylandthantheKingofPortugal,anddeclared
tohimthathewastheKingofSpainandEmperorofall
Christendom,wherefore,ifhewouldnotbehisfriendand
treathissubjectswell,hewouldanothertimesendagainst
'Siam.
""CataKajacbita."Milanedition.

166. eb NEGOTIATIONSWITHKINGOPSBBU.
himsomanymenastodestroyhim.Thenthekingan-
sweredthathewouldspeaktohiscouncil^andgivean
answerthenextday.Afterwardsthekingorderedacolla-
tiontobebroughtofseveralviands,allofmeat,inporce-
laindishes,withagreatmanyvesselsofwine.Whenthe
repastwasover,ourpeoplereturned,andrelatedalltothe
captain
;andtheKingofMazzabua,whowasonboardthe
captain^sship,andwhowasthefirstkingafterhimof
Zzubu,andthelordofseveralisles,wishedtogoonshoreto
relatetothekingthepolitenessandcourtesyofourcaptain.
Mondaymorningourclerkwentwiththeinterpreterto
thetownofZzubu,andtheking,accompaniedbytheprin-
cipalmenofhiskingdom,cametotheopenspace,where
wemadeourpeople sitdownnearhim,andheasked
whethertherewasmorethanonecaptaininallthoseships,
andwhetherhewishedthatthekingshouldpaytributeto
theemperor,hismaster,towhichourpeopleanswered,no,
butthatthecaptainonlywishedtotradewiththethings
whichhehadbroughtwiththepeopleofhiscountry,and
notwithothers.Thenthekingsaidthathewascontent,
andasagreatersignofaffectionhesenthimalittleofhis
bloodfromhisrightarm,andwishedheshoulddothelike.
Ourpeopleansweredthathewoulddoit.Besidesthat,he
saidthatallthecaptainswhocametohiscountryhadbeen
accustomedtomakeapresenttohim,andhetothem,and
thereforetheyshouldasktheircaptainifhewouldobserve
thecustom.Ourpeopleansweredthathewould;butas
thekingwishedtokeepupthecustom,lethimbeginand
makeapresent,andthenthecaptainwoulddohisduty.
TuesdaymorningfollowingtheKingofMazzava,withthe
Moor,cametotheship,andsalutedthecaptainonbehalfof
theKingofZzubu,andsaidthatthekingwaspreparinga
quantityofprovisions,asmuchashecould,tomakeapre-
sentoftohim,andthatafterdinnerhewouldsendtwoof
hisnephews,withothersofhisprincipalpeople,tomake

167. NEGOTIATIONS. 87
peacewithhim.Thenthecaptainhadoneofhismenarmed
withhisownarmour,andtoldhimthatallofuswould
fightarmedinthatmanner,atwhichtheMoorishmerchant
wasratherastonished ;butthecaptaintoldhimnottobe
afraid,andthatourarmsweresofttoourfriendsandrough
toourenemies ;andthatasaclothwipesawaythesweat
fromaman,soourarmsdestroytheenemiesofourfaith.
ThecaptainsaidthistotheMoor,becausehewasmorein-
telligentthantheothers,andforhimtorelateitalltothe
KingofZzubu.
Afterdinner,thenephewofthisking,whowasaprince,^
withtheKingofMazzava,theMoor,thegovernor,andthe
chiefofpolice,^andeightoftheprincipalmen,cameto
theshiptomakepeacewithus.Thecaptain-generalwas
sittinginachairofredvelvet,andnearhimweretheprin-
cipalmenoftheshipssittinginleatherchairs,andthe
othersonthegroundonmats.Thenthecaptainbadethe
interpreterasktheabove-mentioned personsifitwastheir
customtospeakinsecretorinpublic,andwhetherthe
princewhowascomewiththemhadpowertoconclude
peace.Theyansweredyes,thattheywouldspeakinpublic,
andthattheyhadthepowertoconcludepeace.Thecap-
tainspokeatlengthonthesubjectofpeace,andprayedGod
toconfirmitinheaven.Thesepeoplerepliedthattheyhad
neverheardsuchwordsasthesewhichthecaptainhadspoken
tothem,andtheytookgreatpleasureinhearingthem.The
captain,seeingthenthatthosepeoplelistenedwillinglyto
whatwassaidtothem,andthattheygavegoodanswers,
begantosayagreatmanymoregoodthingstoinduce
themtobecomeChristians. Aftermanyothersubjects,the
captainaskedthemwhowouldsucceedthekingintheir
countryafterhisdeath.Theyansweredthatthekinghad
noson,butseveraldaughters,andthatthisprincewashis
^Thatisthehereditaryprince.
-"Bariselle." Milanedition :
'
Bara:ellomaarsfiore.".

168. 00 MAGELLANPREACHESTOTHEISLANDERS.
nephew,andhadforawifetheking'seldestdaughter,and
forthesakeofthattheycalledhimprince.Theyalsosaid
thatwhenthefatherandmotherwereoldtheytooknofur-
theraccountofthem,buttheirchildrencommandedthem.
UponwhichthecaptaintoldthemhowGodhadmade
heavenandearthandallotherthingsintheworld,and
thatHehadcommanded thateveryoneshouldrender
honourandobediencetohisfatherandmother,andthat
whoeverdidotherwisewascondemnedtoeternalfire.He
thenpointedouttothemmanyotherthingsconcerningour
faith.Thepeopleheardthesethingswillingly,andbe-
soughtthecaptaintoleavethemtwomentoteachand
showthemtheChristianfaith,andtheywouldentertain
themwellwithgreathonour.Tothisthecaptainanswered
thatforthemomenthecouldnotleavethemanyofhis
people,butthatiftheywishedtobeChristiansthathis
priestwouldbaptisethem,andthatanothertimehewould
bringpriestsandpreacherstoteachthemthefaith.They
thenansweredthattheywishedfirsttospeaktotheirking,
andthenwouldbecomeChristians. Eachofusweptforthe
joywhichwefeltatthegoodwillofthesepeople,andthe
captaintoldthemnottobecomeChristiansfromfearof
us,ortopleaseus,butthatiftheywishedtobecomeChris-
tiantheymustdoitwillingly,andfortheloveofGod,for
eventhoughtheyshouldnotbecomeChristian,nodisplea-
surewouldbedonethem,butthosewhobecameChristian
wouldbemorelovedandbettertreatedthantheothers.
Thentheyallcriedoutwithonevoice,thattheydidnot
wishtobecomeChristiansfromfear,norfromcomplai-
sance,butoftheirfreewill.Thecaptainthensaidthatif
theybecameChristianshewouldleavethemthearmswhich
theChristiansuse,andthathiskinghadcommandedhim
sotodo.Atlasttheysaidtheydidnotknowwhatmore
toanswertosomanygoodandbeautifulwordswhichhe
spoketothem,butthattheyplacedthemselves inhis

169. PEACEANDAMITYESTABLISHED. 89
hands,andtliatheshoulddowiththemaswithhisown
servants.Thenthecaptain,withtearsinhiseyes,embraced
them,and,takingthehandoftheprinceandthatofthe
king,saidtohimthatbythefaithhehadinGod,andtohis
mastertheemperor,andbythehabitofSt.Jameswhichhe
wore,hepromisedthemtocausethemtohaveperpetual
peacewiththeKingofSpain,atwhichtheprinceandthe
otherspromisedhimthesame.Afterpeacehadbeencon-
cluded,thecaptainhadrefreshmentsservedtothem.The
princeandtheKingofMazzava,whowaswithhim,pre-
sentedtothecaptainonbehalfofhiskinglargebaskets
fullofrice,pigs,goats,andfowls,anddesiredthecaptain
tobetoldheshouldpardonthemthattheirpresentwas
notasfineaswasfittingforhim.Thecaptaingaveto
theprincesomeveryfineclothandaredcap,andaquan-
tityofglassandacupofgiltglass. Glassesaremuch
prizedinthiscountry.Totheotherpeoplebelongingto
thePrincehegavevariousthings.Thenhesentbymeand
anotherpersontotheKingofZzubuarobeofyellowand
violetsilkinthefashionofaTurkishjubbeh,aredcap,
veryfine,andcertainpiecesofglass,andhadallofthemput
inasilverdish,andtwogiltglasses.
WhenwecametothetownwefoundtheKingofZzubu
athispalace,sittingonthegroundonamatmadeofpalm,
withmanypeopleabouthim.Hewasquitenaked,except
thathehadaclothroundhismiddle,andaloosewrapper
roundhishead,workedwithsilkbytheneedle.Hehada
veryheavychainroundhisneck,andtwogoldringshung
inhisearswithpreciousstones.Hewasasmallandfat
man,andhisfacewaspaintedwithfireindiff'erentways.
Hewaseatingonthegroundonanotherpalmmat,and
wastheneatingtortoiseeggsintwochinadishes,andhe
hadfourvesselsfullofpalmwine,whichhedrankwitha
canepipe.^Wemadeourobeisance,andpresentedtohim
1TheusageofdrinkingthroughatubewasalsoobservedbyVan
2?oortamongthesepeoples. Note,Milanedition.

170. 90 BURIALOPASEAMAN.
whatthecaptainhadsenthim,andtoldhimthroughthe
interpreterthatitwasnotasareturnforhispresentwhich
liehadsenttothecaptain,butfortheaffectionwhichhe
borehim.That'done,hispeopletoldhimallthegood
wordsandexplanationsofpeaceandreligionwhichhehad
spokentothem.Thekingwishedtodetainustosapper,
butwemadeourexcusesandtookleaveofhim.Theprince,
nephewoftheking,conductedustohishousCjandshowed
usfourgirlswhoplayedonfourinstruments,whichwere
strangeandverysoft,andtheirmannerofplayingisrather
musical. Afterwardshemadeusdancewiththem.These
girlswerenakedexceptfromthewaisttotheknees,where
theyworeawrapmadeofthepalmtreecloth,whichcovered
theirmiddles,andsomewerequitenaked.Therewemade
arepast,andthenreturnedtotheships.
Wednesdaymorning,becausethenightbeforeoneofour
menhaddied,theinterpreterandI,byorderofthecaptain,
wenttoaskthekingforaplacewherewemightburythe
deceased.Wefoundthekingaccompaniedbyagood
manypeople,and,afterpayinghimduehonour,wetoldhim
ofthedeathofourman,andthatthecaptainprayedhim
thathemightbeputintotheground.Herepliedthatif
heandhispeoplewerereadytoobeyourmaster,stillmore
reasonwasthereforhislandandcountrybeingsubjectto
him.Afterthatwesaidwewishedtoconsecratethegrave
inourfashionandplaceacrossonit.Thesovereignsaid
thathewascontent,andthathewouldworshipthatcross
aswedid.Thedeceasedwasburiedinthemiddleofthe
openspaceofthetown,asdecentlyaspossible,andper-
formingtheabove-mentionedceremoniestosetthemagood
example,andintheeveningweburiedanother. Thisdone,
webroughtagoodquantityofmerchandise intothetown
ofthisking,andplaceditinahouse,andhetookitunder
hischargeandpromisedthatnoonewoulddoharmor
injurytotheking.Fourofourmenwerechosentodes-

171. TKADEESTABLISHED, 91
patcliandsellthismerchandise. Thesepeoplelivewith
justice,andgoodweightandmeasure,lovingpeace,,and
arepeoplewholoveeaseandpleasure.^ Theyhavewooden
scales,afterthefashionofthoseofnorthoftheLoire,"for
weighing theirmerchandise. Theirhousesaremadeof
woodandbeamsandcanes,foundedonpiles,andarevery
high,andmustbeenteredbymeansofladders ;their
roomsarelikeours,andunderneaththeykeeptheircattle,
suchaspigs,goats,andfowls.Theyoungpeoplesound
bag-pipes,^madelikeours,andcallthemSubin.*
Inthisislandoftheking'sthereisakindofanimalcar-
ryingashellcalledcarniolle,finetolookat,whichcause
thewhaletodie.Forthewhaleswallowsthemalive;then,
whentheyareinsideitsbody,theycomeoutoftheirshell
andgoandeatthewhalersheart :andthepeopleofthis
countryfindthisanimalaliveinsidethewhale.These
animals,thecarniolles,havetheteethandskinblack,and
theirshelliswhite.Theirfleshisgoodtoeat,andtheycall
themLaghan.^
ThefollowingFridayweshowedthemashopfullofour
merchandise,whichwasofvariousstrangesorts,atwhich
theyweresurprised. Formetal,iron,andotherbiggoods
theygaveusgold,andfortheothersmallandsundrygoods
theygaveusrice,pigs,goats,andotherprovisions. They
gaveustenweightsofgoldforfourteenpoundsofiron
:
eachweightisaducatandahalf.Thecaptain-general
wouldnotallowalargequantityofgoldtobetaken,so
thatthesailorsshouldnotsellwhatbelongedtothemtoo
1"Gensdebontemps."
2"Parde9a-,"thatistosay,"Parde9alaLoire,"or"Langued'oil."
Languedocwascalled"Pardela."TheMilaneditiondescribesthe
scalesasawoodenpolesuspendedinthemiddle,withabasinsuspended
bythreecordsatoneend,andacordattheotherendwithaweight
equaltothebasintowhichweightsareattached.
*"Sonnentdezampogne."
*PerhapsthisshouldbeSulin. VideMarsden,MalayDictionary.
5Lagan,alargeseasnail. TagalDictionary.

172. 92 BAPTISMOPKINGOFSEBU.
cheapfromthirstforgold_,andlestbythatmeanshemight
beconstrainedtodolikewisewithhismerchandise^ forhe
wishedtosellitbetter.
Saturdayfollowingascaffoldingwasmadeintheopen
spacOjfittedwithtapestryandpalmbranches^becausethe
kinghadpromisedourcaptaintobecomeChristianon
Sunday.Hetoldhimnottobeafraidwhenourartillery
firedonthatday^foritwasthecustomtoloaditonthose
feastswithoutfiringstonesorotherballs.
SundaymorningsthefourteenthdayofApril^wewenton
shore_,fortymen^ofwhomtwowerearmed,whomarched
beforeus,followingthestandardofourkingemperor.
Whenwelandedtheshipsdischarged alltheirartillery,and
fromfearofitthepeopleranawayinalldirections.The
captainandthekingembracedoneanother,andthenjoy-
ouslywewentnearthescaffolding,wherethecaptainand
thekingsatontwochairs,onecoveredwithred,theother
withvioletvelvet.Theprincipalmensatoncushions,and
theothersonmats,afterthefashionofthecountry.Then
thecaptainbegantospeaktothekingthroughtheinter-
pretertoincitehimtothefaithofJesusChrist,andtold
himthatifhewishedtobeagoodChristian,ashehadsaid
thedaybefore,thathemustburnalltheidolsofhiscoun-
try,and,insteadofthem,placeacross,andthateveryone
shouldworshipiteverydayontheirknees,andtheirhands
joinedtoheaven :andheshowedhimhowheoughtevery
daytomakethesignofthecross.Tothatthekingand
allhispeopleansweredthattheywouldobeythecommands
ofthecaptainanddoallthathetoldthem.Thecaptain
tookthekingbythehand,andtheywalkedaboutonthe
scaffolding,andwhenhewasbaptisedhesaidthathe
wouldnamehim^DonCharles,astheemperorhissove-
reignwasnamed
;andhenamedtheprinceDonFernand,
afterthebrotheroftheemperor,andtheKingofMazzava
1TheMilaneditionsayshewasbeforenamedRajaHumabon.

173. BAPTISMOFTEEQUEEN. 93
Jehan :totheMoorhegavethenameofChristopher^and
totheotherseachanameofhisfancy.Thus^beforemass,
therewerefiftymenbaptised. Aftermasshadbeenheard
thecaptaininvitedthekingandhisotherprincipalmento
dinewithhim,buthewouldnot.Heaccompaniedthe
captain,however,tothebeach,andonhisarrivaltherethe
shipsfiredalltheirartillery. Then,embracingoneanother,
theytookleave.
Afterdinnerourchaplainandsomeofuswentonshoreto
baptisethequeen.Shecamewithfortyladies,andwecon-
ductedthemontothescaffolding -,thenmadehersitdown
onacushion,andherwomenaroundher,untilthepriest
wasready.Duringthattimetheyshowedheranimage
ofourLady,ofwood,holdingherlittlechild,whichwas
verywellmade,andacross.Whenshesawit,shehada
greaterdesiretobeaChristian,and,askingforbaptism,she
wasbaptisedandnamedJehanne,likethemotherofthe
emperor.Thewifeoftheprince,daughterofthisqueen,
hadthenameofCatherine,theQueenofMazzavaIsabella,
andtheotherseachtheirname.Thatdaywebaptised
eighthundredpersonsofmen,women,andchildren.The
Queenwasyoungandhandsome,coveredwithablackand
whitesheet;shehadthemouthandnailsveryred,and
woreonherheadalargehatmadeofleavesofpalm,with
acrownoveritmadeofthesameleaves,likethatofthe
Pope.Afterthatshebeggedustogiveherthelittlewooden
boytoputintheplaceoftheidols.^Thiswedid^andshe
wentaway.Intheeveningthekingandqueen,with
severaloftheirpeople,cametotheseabeach,wherethe
captainhadsomeofthelargeartilleryfired,inwhichthey
^AfterthedeathofMagellantheimageoftheInfantJesuswaspre-
servedasanidoluntiltheyear1598,inwhichtheSpaniardsreturned
tothatplacewithmissionaries,who,havingfoundit,notonlyplacedit
inveneration,butgavetothecitywhichtheyfoundedtherethename
ofCityofJesus,whichitstillpreserves. NoteofMilanedition.

174. 94 CONVERSIONOFISLANDERS.
tookgreatpleasure.^ Thecaptainandthekingcalledone
anotherbrother.
Atlast,ineightdays,alltheinhabitantsofthisisland
werebaptised,andsomebelonging totheneighbouring
islands. Inoneoftheseweburnedavillagebecausethe
inhabitantswouldnotobeyeitherthekingorus.There
weplantedacrossbecausethepeoplewereGentiles :ifthey
hadbeenMoors,weshouldhaveerectedacolumn,asasign
oftheirhardnessofheart,becausetheMoorsaremorediffi-
culttoconvertthantheGentiles.Thecaptain-generalwent
ashoreeverydaytohearmass,towhichtherecamemany
ofthenewChristians,towhomheexplainedvariouspoints
ofourreligion.Onedaythequeencamewithallherstate.
Shewasprecededbythreedamsels,whocarriedintheir
handsthreeofherhats :shewasdressedinblackand
white,withalargesilkveilwithgoldstripes,whichco-
veredherheadandshoulders.Verymanywomenfollowed
her,withtheirheadscoveredwithasmallveil,andahat
abovethat :therestoftheirbodiesandfeetwerenaked,
exceptasmallwrapperofpalmclothwhichcoveredtheir
naturalparts.Theirhairfellflowingovertheirshoulders.
Thequeen,aftermakingabowtothealtar,satupona
cushionofembroidered silk,andthecaptainsprinkledover
herandoversomeofherladiesrosewaterandmusk,a
perfumewhichpleasestheladiesofthiscountryverymuch.
ThecaptainonthatoccasionapprovedofthegiftwhichI
hadmadetothequeenoftheimageoftheInfantJesus,
andrecommendedhertoputitintheplaceofheridols,
because itwasaremembrancer oftheSonofGod.She
promisedtodoallthis,andtokeepitwith,muchcare.
Inorderthatthekingmightbemorerespectedand
obeyed,thecaptain-generalgothimtocomeonedayatthe
hourofmasswithhissilkrobe,andsummonedhistwo
brothers,onenamedBondara,whowasthefatherofthe
1HereendsthetranslationmadefromtheFrenchMS. ;whatfollows
isfromtheMilanedition.

175. KINGOPSEBUSWEAESFEALTYTOKINGOFSPAIN. 95
prince,andtheothernamedCadaro,andsomeofhischief
men,whosenameswereSimiut,Sibuaia,Sisacai/MagaHbe,
andotherswhomitisunnecessarytonameseparately ;and
hemadethemallsweartobeobedienttotheirking,
whosehandtheyallofthemkissed.Hethenaskedthe
kingtoswearthathewouldalwaysbeobedientandfaithful
totheKingofSpain,andhetooktheoath.Thenthe
captaindrewaswordbeforetheimageoftheVirginMary,
andsaidtothekingthatwhensuchanoathhadbeentaken
byanyone,heshouldratherdiethanbewantingtohis
oath.Afterthathehimselfpromisedtobealwaysfaithful
tohim,swearingbytheimageofourLady,bythelife
oftheemperorhissovereign,andbythehabitwhichhe
wore.Hethenmadeapresenttothekingofavelvetchair,
andtoldhimthatwhereverhewentheshouldalwayshave
itcarriedbeforehimbysomeofhisattendants,andshowed
himthewayinwhichitshouldbecarried.Thekingtold
thecaptainthathewoulddoallthisonaccountofthe
affectionwhichheborehim,ofwhichhewishedtogivehim
atoken,preparingforthatpurposesomejewelstopresent
tohim;theseweretworatherlargegoldringsforthe
ears,twoothersforthearms,andtwofortheancles,allof
themadornedwithpreciousstones.Thefinestornaments
ofthekingsofthesecountriesconsistintheserings,for
otherwisetheygonakedandbarefooted,withonlyapiece
ofclothfromthewaisttotheknees.
Thecaptain-general,whohadinformedthekingandall
thosewhohadbeenbaptisedoftheobligationtheywere
underofburningtheiridols,whichtheyhadpromisedtodo,
seeingthattheyretainedthemandmadethemofferingsof
meat,reprovedthemseverelyforit.Theythoughttoexcuse
themselvessufficientlybysayingthattheydidnotdothat
nowontheirownaccount,butforasickperson,forthe
idolstorestorehimhishealth.Thissickmanwasabrother
oftheprince,andwasreputedtobethemostvaliantand
^"Si"isaprefixofhonourtoapropername.

176. 96 MAGELLANGIVESPROOFSOFHISFAITH.
wisemanintheisland,andMsillnesswassoseverethatfor
fourdayshehadnotspoken.Havingheardthis,thecap-
tain,seizedwithzealforreligion,saidthatiftheyhada
truefaithinJesusChrist,theyshouldburnalltheidols,
andthesickmanshouldbebaptised,andhewouldbeim-
mediatelycured,ofwhichhewassocertainthathecon-
sentedtolosehisheadifthemiracledidnottakeplace.
Thekingpromisedthatallthisshouldbedone,becausehe
trulybelievedinJesusChrist.Thenwearranged,withall
thepompthatwaspossible,aprocessionfromtheplaceto
thehouseofthesickman.Wewentthere,andindeed
foundhimunabletospeakortomove.Webaptisedhim,
withtwoofhiswivesandtengirls.Thecaptainthen
askedhimhowhefelt,andheatoncespoke,andsaidthat
bythegraceofOurLordhewaswellenough. Thisgreat
miraclewasdoneunderoureyes.Thecaptain,onhearing
himspeak,gavegreatthankstoGod.Hegavehimare-
freshingdrinktotake,andafterwardssenttohishousea
mattress,twosheets,acoveringofyellowwool,anda
cushion,andhecontinuedtosendhim,untilhewasquite
well,refreshingdrinksofalmonds,rosewater,rosoglio,and
somesweetpreserves.
Onthefifthdaytheconvalescentrosefromhisbed,and
assoonashecouldwalk,hehadburned,inthepresenceof
thekingandofallthepeople,anidolwhichsomeoldwomen
hadconcealedinhishouse.Healsocausedtobedestroyed
severaltemplesconstructedontheseashore,inwhich
peoplewereaccustomedtoeatthemeatofferedtotheidols.
Theinhabitantsapplaudedthis,and,shouting"Castile,Cas-
tile,"helpedtothrowthemdown,anddeclaredthatifGod
gavethemlifetheywouldburnalltheidolstheycouldfind,
eveniftheywereintheking'sownhouse.
Theseidolsaremadeofwood,theyareconcaveorhol-
lowedoutbehind,theyhavethearmsandlegsspreadout,
andthefeetturnedupwards ;theyhavealargeface,with

177. CEKEMONYOESACRIFICEOPSWINE, 97
fourverylargeteethlikethoseofawildboar,andtheyare
allpainted.
SinceIhavespokenoftheidols,itmaypleaseyour
illustriousHighnesstohaveanaccountoftheceremony
v^^ithwhich,inthisisland,theyblessthepig.Theybegin
bysoundingsomegreatdrums(tamburi),theythenbring
threelargedishes,twoarefilledwithcakesofriceandcooked
milletrolledupinleaves,androastfish,inthethirdare
Cambayclothes,andtwostripsofpalmcloth.Aclothof
Cambayisspreadoutontheground :thentwooldwomen
come,eachofwhomhasinherhandareedtrumpet.They
stepupontheclothandmakeanobeisancetotheSun :they
thenclothethemselveswiththeabovementionedcloths.
Thefirstoftheseputsonherheadahandkerchiefwhich
shetiesonherforeheadsoastomaketwohorns,andtak-
inganotherhandkerchief inherhand,dancesandsounds
hertrumpet,andinvokestheSun.Thesecondoldwoman
takesoneofthestripsofpalmcloth,anddances,andalso
soundshertrumpet;thustheydanceandsoundtheir
trumpetsforashortspaceoftime,sayingseveralthingsto
thesun.Thefirstoldwomanthendropsthehandkerchief
shehasinherhand,andtakestheotherstripofcloth,and
bothtogethersoundingtheirtrumpets,danceforalong
timeroundthepigwhichisboundontheground.The
firstonealwaysspeaksinalowtonetothesun,andthe
secondanswersher.Thesecondoldwomanthenpresents
acupofwinetothefirst,who,whilsttheybothcontinue
theiraddresstothesun,bringsthecupfourorfivetimes
nearhermouthasthoughgoingtodrink,andmeanwhile
sprinklesthewineontheheartofthepig.Shethengives
upthecup,andreceivesalancewhichshebrandishes,
whilst stilldancingandreciting,andfourorfivetimes
directsthelanceatthepig^sheart,atlastwithasudden
andwellaimedblowshepiercesitthroughandthrough.
Shewithdrawsthelancefromthewound,whichisthen
H

178. 98 FUNERALCEREMONIESATSEBU.
closedanddressedwithherbs.Duringtheceremonya
torchisalwaysburningsandtheoldwomanwhopiercedthe
pigtakesandputsitoutwithhermouthytheotherold
womandipstheendofhertrumpetinthepig^sbloodyand
withitmarkswithbloodtheforeheadofherhusband,and
ofhercompanion,andthenoftherestofthepeople.But
theydidnotcomeanddothistous.Thatdonetheold
womentookofftheirrobes,andatewhatwasinthetwo
dishes,invitingonlywomentojointhem.Afterthatthey
getthehairoffthepigwithfire.Onlyoldwomenareable
toconsecratetheboarinthismanner,andthisanimalis
nevereatenunlessitiskilledinthismanner.
{Herefollowsanaccountofacustom,foradescriptionof
whichseeBeMorga'sPhili^jpineIslands,p.304.)
Whenourpeoplewentonshorebydayorbynight,they
alwaysmetwithsomeonewhoinvitedthemtoeatand
drink.Theyonlyhalfcooktheirvictuals,andsaltthem
verymuch,whichmakesthemdrinkagreatdeal;andthey
drinkmuchwithreeds,suckingthewinefromthevessels.
Theirrepastsalwayslastfromfivetosixhours.
Whenoneoftheirchiefsdiestheyalwaysusethefollow-
ingfuneralceremonies,ofwhichIwaswitness.Themost
respectedwomenofthecountrycametothehouseofthe
deceased,inthemidstofwhichlaythecorpseinachest
;
roundwhichwerestretchedcordsafterthemannerofan
enclosure,andmanybranchesoftreesweretiedtothese
cords :astripofcottonwasfastenedtoeachofthesebranches
likeapennant.UnderthesethewomenIhavementioned
satdowncoveredwithwhitecottoncloth.Eachofthem
hadadamselwhofannedherwithapalmfan.Theother
womensatsadlyroundtheroom.Meanwhileawomancut
offbydegreesthehairofthedeadmanwithaknife
:
anotherwhohadbeenhisprincipalwife,layextendedon
him,withhermouthhandsandfeetonthemouthhands

179. EXPEDITIONTOMATAN. 99
.•andfeetofthedeadman.Whenthefirstwomancutoff
thehair,shewept,andwhenshestoppedcutting,shesung.
Roundtheroomthereweremanyvasesofporcelain,with
embersinthem,ohwhich,fromtimetotime,theythrew
myrrh,storax,andbenzoin,whichgaveoutagoodand
strongsmellintheroom.Theseceremonieslastforfiveor
sixdays,duringwhichthecorpseiskeptinthehouse^and
Ibelievethattheyanointitwithoilofcamphortopreserveit.
Theyafterwardsputitinachest,closedwithwoodenbolts,
andplaceitinanenclosedplacecoveredwithlogsofwood.
Theislanderstoldusthateveryeveningtowardsmid-
night,thereusedtocometothecity,ablackbirdofthe
sizeofacrow,whichperchingonthehouseswhistled,and
causedallthedogstohowl,andthesedoublecrieslasted
fourorfivehours.Theywouldnevertellusthecauseof
thatphenomenon,ofwhichwealsowerewitnesses.
Friday,the26thofApril,Zula,whowasoneoftheprin-
cipalmenorchiefsoftheislandofMatan,senttothe
captainasonofhiswithtwogoatstomakeapresentof
them,andtosaythatifhedidnotdoallthathehadpro-
mised,thecauseofthatwasanotherchiefnamedSilapulapu,
whowouldnotinanywayobeytheK.ingofSpain,andhad
preventedhimfromdoingso:butthatifthecaptainwould
sendhimthefollowingnightoneboatfullofmentogive
himassistance,hewouldfightandsiibduehisrival.On
thereceiptofthismessage,thecaptaindecidedtogohim-
selfwiththreeboats.Weentreatedhimmuchnottogo
tothisenterpriseinperson,butheasagoodshepherdwould
notabandonhisflock.
WesetoutfromZubuatmidnight,weweresixtymen
armedwithcorsletsandhelmets ;therewerewithusthe
Christianking,theprince,andsomeofthechiefmen,and
manyothersdividedamongtwentyorthirtybalangai.We
arrivedatMatanthreehoursbeforedaylight.Thecaptain
beforeattackingwishedtoattemptgentlemeans,andsent
h2

180. 100 ENGAGEMENTWITHTHEISLANDERS.
onshoretheMoorishmerchanttotellthoseislanderswho
wereofthepartyofCilapulapu,thatiftheywouldrecognise
theChristiankingastheirsovereign,andobeytheKingof
Spain,andpayusthetributewhichhadbeenasked,the
captainwouldbecometheirfriend,otherwiseweshould
provehowourlanceswounded.Theislanderswerenot
terrified,theyrepliedthatifwehadlances,soalsohadthey,
althoughonlyofreeds,andwoodhardenedwithfire.They
askedhoweverthatweshouldnotattackthembynight,
butwaitfordaylight,becausetheywereexpectingrein-
forcements,andwouldbeingreaternumber. Thisthey
saidwithcunning,toexciteustoattackthembynight,
supposingthatwewereready;buttheywishedthisbecause
theyhaddugditchesbetweentheirhousesandthebeach,
andtheyhopedthatweshouldfallintothem.
Wehoweverwaitedfordaylight ;wethenleapedintothe
wateruptoourthighs,foronaccountoftheshallowwater
andtherockstheboatscouldnotcomeclosetothebeach,
andwehadtocrosstwogoodcrossbowshotsthroughthe
waterbeforereaching it.Wewereforty-nineinnumber,
theotherelevenremainedinchargeoftheboats.Whenwe
reachedlandwefoundtheislandersfifteenhundredinnum-
ber,drawnupinthreesquadrons ;theycamedownupon
uswithterribleshouts,twosquadronsattackingusonthe
flanks,andthethirdinfront.Thecaptainthendivided
hismenintwobands.Ourmusketeersandcrossbow-men
firedforhalfanhourfromadistance,butdidnothing,since
thebulletsandarrows,thoughtheypassedthroughtheir
shieldsmadeofthinwood,andperhapswoundedtheirarms,
yetdidnotstopthem.Thecaptainshoutednottofire,but
hewasnotlistenedto.Theislandersseeingthattheshots
ofourgunsdidthemlittleornoharmwouldnotretire,but
shoutedmoreloudly,andspringingfromonesidetotheother
toavoidourshots,theyatthesametimedrewnearertous,
throwingarrows,javelins,spearshardenedinfire,stones,and

181. DEATHorMAGELLAN. 101
evenmud,sothatwecouldliardlydefendourselves.Some
ofthemcastlancespointedwithironatthecaptain-general.
Hethen,inordertodispersethismultitudeandtoterrify
them,sentsomeofourmentosetfiretotheirhouses,but
thisrenderedthemmoreferocious.Someofthemranto
thefire,whichconsumedtwentyorthirtyhouses,andthere
killedtwoofourmen.Therestcamedownuponuswith /
greaterfury;theyperceivedthatourbodiesweredefended,
butthatthelegswereexposed,andtheyaimedatthem
principally. Thecaptainhadhisrightlegpiercedbya
poisonedarrow,onwhichaccounthegaveorderstoretreat
bydegrees
;butalmost allourmentooktoprecipitate
flight,sothatthereremainedhardlysixoreightofuswith
him.Wewereoppressedbythelancesandstoneswhich
theenemyhurledatus,andwecouldmakenomoreresist-
ance.Thebombardswhichwehadintheboatswereofno
assistancetous,fortheshoalwaterkeptthemtoofarfrom
thebeach.Wewentthither,retreatinglittlebylittle,and
stillfighting,andwehadalreadygottothedistanceofa
crossbowshotfromtheshore,havingthewateruptoour
knees,theislandersfollowingandpickingupagainthe
spearswhichtheyhadalreadycast,andtheythrewthe
samespearfiveorsixtimes
;astheyknewthecaptainthey
aimedspeciallyathim,andtwicetheyknockedthehelmet
offhishead.He,withafewofus,likeagoodknight,
remainedathispostwithoutchoosingtoretreatfurther.
Thuswefoughtformorethananhour,untilanIndian
succeededinthrustingacanelanceintothecaptain^sface.
Hethen,beingirritated,piercedtheIndian^sbreastwithhis
'
lance,andleftitinhisbody,andtryingtodrawhissword
hewasunabletodrawitmorethanhalfway,onaccountof
ajavelinwoundwhichhehadreceivedintherightarm.
Theenemiesseeingthisallrushedagainsthim,andoneof
themwithagreatsword,likeagreatscimetar^gavehima
1Spear,likeapartisan,butlarger.FrenchMS.ofNancy.

182. 102 DEATHOFMAGELLAN.
greatblowontheleftleg,whiclibroughtthecaptaindown
onhisface,thentheIndiansthrewthemselvesuponhim,
andranhimthroughwithlancesandscimetars,andallthe
otherarmswhichtheyhad,sothatthejdeprivedoflifeour
mirror,light,comfort,andtrueguide.WhilsttheIndians
werethusoverpoweringhim,severaltimesheturnedround
towardsustoseeifwewereallinsafety,asthoughhisobsti-
natefighthadnootherobjectthantogiveanopportunityfor
theretreatofhismen.Wewhofoughttoextremity,and
whowerecoveredwithwounds,seeingthathewasdead,
proceededtotheboatswhichwereonthepointofgoing
away.Thisfatalbattlewasfoughtonthe27thofAprilof
1521,onaSaturday;adaywhichthecaptainhadchosen
himself,becausehehadaspecialdevotiontoit.There
perishedwithhimeightofourmen,andfouroftheIndians,
whohadbecomeChristians;wehadalsomanywounded,
amongstwhomImustreckonmyself.Theenemylostonly
fifteenmen.
Hedied;butIhopethatyourillustrioushighnesswill
notallowhismemorytobelost,somuchthemoresinceI
seerevivedinyouthevirtueofsogreatacaptain,sinceone
ofhisprincipalvirtueswasConstanceinthemostadverse
fortune.Inthemidstoftheseahewasabletoendure
hungerbetterthanwe.Mostversedinnauticalcharts,he
knewbetterthananyotherthetrueartofnavigation,of
whichitisacertainproofthatheknewbyhisgenius,and
hisintrepidity,withoutanyonehavinggivenhimthe
example,howtoattemptthecircuitoftheglobe,whichhe
hadalmostcompleted.^
TheChristiankingcouldindeedhavegivenusaid,and
wouldhavedoneso
;butourcaptainfarfromforseeingthat
whichhappened,whenhelandedwithhismen,hadcharged
himnottocomeoutofhisbalangai,wishingthatheshould
1ThetextofthisappealhasbeengivenbyM.DenisintheUnivers
Pittoresqite,fromtheMS.ofNancy,nowofSirThomasPhillipps'library.

183. DUAETEBARBOSATAKESTHECOMMAND. 103
staytheretoseehowwefought.Whenheknewhowthe
captainhaddiedheweptbitterlyforhim.
Intheafternoonthekinghimself^withourconsentjsent
totelltheinhabitantsofMatan,thatiftheywouldgiveup
tousthebodyofourcaptain,andofourothercompanions
whowerekilledinthisbattle^wewouldgivethemasmuch
merchandise astheymightwishfor;buttheyanswered
thatonnoaccountwouldtheyevergiveupthatman^but
theywishedtopreservehimasamonumentoftheirtriumph.
Whenthedeathofthecaptainwasknown^thosewhowere
inthecitytotrade,hadallthemerchandiseatoncetrans-
portedtotheships.Wethenelectedintheplaceofthe
captain,DuarteBarbosa,aPortuguese/andarelationofthe
captain^'s,andJuanSerranoaSpaniard.
Ourinterpreter,whowasaslaveofthecaptain-general,
andwasnamedHenry,havingbeenslightlywoundedinthe
battle,wouldnotgoashoreanymoreforthethingswhich
werequired,butremained alldayidle,andwrappedupin
hismat(Schiavina). DuarteBarbosa,thecommanderof
theflagship,foundfaultwithhim,andtoldhimthatthough
hismasterwasdead,hehadnotbecomefreeonthatac-
count,butthatwhenwereturnedtoSpainhewouldreturn
himtoDofaaBeatrice,thewidowofthecaptain-general ;at
thesametimehethreatenedtohavehimflogged,ifhedid
notgoonshorequickly,anddowhatwaswantedforthe
serviceoftheships.Theslaveroseup,anddidasthough
hedidnotcaremuchfortheseaSrontsandthreats ;and
havinggoneonshore,heinformedtheChristiankingthat
wewerethinkingofgoingawaysoon,butthatifhewould
followhisadvice,hemightbecomemasterofallourgoods
andoftheshipsthemselves. TheKingofZubulistened
favourablytohim,andtheyarrangedtobetrayus.After
thattheslavereturnedonboard,andshowedmoreintelli-
genceandattentionthanhehaddonebefore.
Wednesdaymorning,the1stofMay,theChristianking

184. 104 TREACHBEYOPKINGOFSBBU.
senttotelltlietwocommandersthatthejewelspreparedas
presentsfortheKingofSpainwereready^andheinvited
themtocomethatsamedaytodinewithhim,withsomeof
hismosthonouredcompanions,andhewouldgivethemover
tothem.Thecommanderswentwithtwenty-fourothers,
andamongstthemwasourastrologernamedSanMartinof
Seville. IcouldnotgobecauseIwasswelledwitha
woundfromapoisonedarrowintheforehead. JuanCar-
valhojwiththechiefofpolice,whoalsowereinvited,turned
back,andsaidthattheyhadsuspectedsomebadbusiness,
becausetheyhadseenthemanwhohadrecoveredfromill-
nessbyamiracle,leadingawaythepriesttohisownhouse.
Theyhadhardlyspokenthesewordswhenweheardgreat
lamentationsandcries.Wequicklygotuptheanchors
and,comingclosertothebeach,wefiredseveralshotswith
thecannonatthehouses. Therethenappearedonthe
beachJuanSerrano,inhisshirt,woundedandbound,who
entreatedus,asloudlyashecould,nottofireanymore,or
elsehewouldbemassacred.Weaskedhimwhathadbe-
comeofhiscompanionsandtheinterpreter,andhesaid
thatallhadbeenslainexcepttheinterpreter.Hethen
entreatedustoransomhimwithsomemerchandise
;but
JuanCarvalho,althoughhewashisgossip,joinedwith
someothers,refusedtodoit,andtheywouldnotallowany
boattogoashore,sothattheymightremainmastersofthe
ships. Serranocontinuedhisentreatiesandlamentations,
saying,thatifwedepartedandabandonedhimthere,he
wouldsoonbekilled;andafterthathesawhislamentations
wereuseless,headdedthatheprayedGodtoaskforan
accountofhislifeatthedayofJudgmentfromJuanCar-
valho,hisgossip.^Notwithstanding,wesailedimmediately;
andIneverheardanymorenewsofhim.
InthisislandofZubutherearedogsandcats,andother
animals,whosefleshiseaten;thereisalsorice,millet,
panicum,andmaize;therearealsofigs,oranges,lemons,
'"Compadre."

185. DEPARTUREFROMSEBU. 105
sugar-canes,cocos,gourds,ginger,honey,andothersuch
things ;theyalsomakepalm-wineofmanyqualities. Gold
isabundant. Theislandislarge,andhasagoodportwith
twoentrances :onetothewest,andtheothertotheeast-
north-east. Itisintendegreesnorthlatitudeand154east
longitudefromthelineofdemarcation.
Inthisislandthereareseveraltowns,eachofwhichhas
itsprincipalmenorchiefs.Herearethenamesofthe
townsandtheirchiefs
:
—
Cingapola :itschiefsareCilaton,Ciguibucan,Cimaninga,
Cimaticat,Cicanbul.^
Mandani :itschiefisAponoaan.
Lalan :itschiefisTeten.
Lalutan :itschiefisJapan.
'^
Lubucin :itschiefisCilumai.
Allthesecountrieswereinobediencetous,andpaidakind
oftribute.
NeartoZubuthereis,aswesaid,theislandofMatan,
themostconsiderabletownofwhichiscalledMatan,and
itschiefsareZulaandCilapulapu. Thevillage,whichwe
burnedontheoccasionofthefatalbattle,isnamedBulaia.
Inthisisland,beforewelostourcaptain-general,wehad
newsofMaluco.
(BookIIIoftheMilanEdition.)
DeparturefromZubu.
Whenwewereatadistanceofeighteenleaguesfromthe
islandofZubu,neartheheadofanotherislandcalledBohol,^
inthemidstofthatarchipelago,seeingthatourcrewswere
toomuchreducedinnumber,sothattheywerenotsuffi-
cientformanaging allthethreeships,weburnedtheCon-
ceptionaftertransportingintotheothertwoallthatitcon-
1SeeNote,p.95.
^ThisislandisstillnamedBohol.

186. 106 ARRIVALATMINDANAO.
tainedthatwasserviceable.
'WethentooktheS.S.W.
course,coastingalonganislandcalledPanilongon,^where
thepeoplewereblackasinEthiopia.
Wethenarrivedatalargeisland,^thekingofwhich
havingcomeonboardourship,inordertoshowthathe
madealliancewithusandwouldbefriendly,drewblood
fromhislefthand,andstainedwithithisbreast,hisface,
andthetipofhistongue.Wethendidlikewise,andwhen
thekingwentaway,Ialoneaccompaniedhimonshoreto
seetheisland.
Weenteredariver^wherewemetmanyfishermen,who
presentedsomeoftheirfishtotheking.Hethentookoff
theclothwhichcoveredhismiddle,andsomeofhischief
menwhowerewithhimdidthesame,theythenallbegan
torowandtosing.Passingnearmanyhouses,which
wereonthebrinkoftheriver,wearrivedattwohoursof
thenight^atthehouseoftheking,whichwastwoleagues
fromthemouthoftheriverwheretheshipswere.
Whenwereachedthehouse,peoplecametomeetuswith
manytorches,madeofcanesandpalmleaves,fullofthe
before-mentioned gum,calledanime.Whilstsupperwas
beinggotready,theking,withtwoofhischiefs,andtwo
ratherhandsome ladies,drankalargevasefullofpalm
wine,withouteatinganything. I,excusingmyselfsaying
thatIhadalreadysupped,onlydrankonce.Indrinking
theyusetheceremonywhichIhavealreadydescribedin
speakingoftheKingofMassava.^Thenthesupperwas
brought,whichconsistedofriceandfish,verymuchsalted,
inporcelaindishes. Eicewiththemtakestheplaceof
bread.Theycookitinthefollowingmanner,whichis
commontoallthesecountries.Theyplaceinsideanearthen
'Panilongon,nowcalledPaiilao.
*Mindanao.TheFrencheditionoftheyearIXcallsit"Butuan".
^AriverwhichcomesintotheBayofKipit.
^Probablytwohoursafternightfall. *Seep.78.

187. VISITTOTHEKING. 107
potlikeourSjalargeleafwhichlinesitallroundinternally,
thentheyputinthewaterandtherice,andcoverupthe
pot.Theyletitboiluntilthericehastakentheconsistency
ofbread,andthentheytakeitoutinpieces.
Whenthesupperwasoverthekinghadbroughtacane
mat,andamatofpalmleaf,withacushionofleaves,and
thiswastobemybed. Islepttherewithoneofhischiefs.
Thekingwiththetwoladieswenttosleepinanotherplace.
Whenitwasday,whilstbreakfastwasbeingprepared,I
wenttotakeaturnintheisland,andenteredseveral
houses,constructedlikethoseoftheneighbouringislands
;
Isawthereagoodmanyutensilsofgold,butverylittle
victuals.Ireturnedtotheking^shouse,andwebreakfasted
withriceandfish.Isucceededinmakingthekingunder-
standbysigns,thatIshouldliketoseethequeen;andhe
madeasigntomethathewascontent,andwesetout
togethertothetopofahill,underwhichherhousewas
placed.Ienteredthehouseandmadeheranobeisance,she
didlikewisetome.Isatdownbythesideofher;she
wasweavingapalmmattosleepupon.Throughouther
housewereseenporcelainvasessuspended tothewalls,
andfourmetaltimbals,ofwhichonewasverylarge,
anotherofmiddlesize,andtwosmallones,andsheamused
herselfbyplayingonthem.Thereweremanymaleand
femaleslavesforherservice.Weaskedleaveandreturned
totheking'shouse,whoimmediatelyorderedarefreshment
ofsugarcanes.
Aftermidday,asIwishedtoreturntotheships,the
king,withtheotherchiefmenoftheisland,desiredtoac-
companymeinthesamehalc^gai,goingbythesameriver;
onitsrightbankIsawonaneminencethreemenhanging
toatree,thebranchesofwhichhadbeencutoff. Iasked
ofthekingwhatthoseunhappypeoplewere,heanswered
methattheyweremalefactorsandthieves. Thesepeople
gonakedliketheirneighbours. Inthisislandarefound

188. 108 DEPAETUREFEOMMINDANAO.
pigs,goatSjfowls,rice^ginger,andotherthingswhich
werecommontotheislandsnamedbefore.Thatwhichis
mostabundant isgold.Theyshowedmecertainvalleys,
makingsignsthattherewasmoregoldtherethanhairson
thehead,butthatastheyhadnotirontodigitout,itre-
quiredgreatlabourtoacquireit,andwhichtheydidnot
choosetoundergo.ThekingisnamedRajaCalanao.
ThispartoftheislandcalledChipitisthesamelandas
ButuanandCalagan,itpassesaboveBohol,andborderson
Massava. Itsportisgoodenough
;itisin8°N.latitude,
and167°oflongitudefromthelineofdemarcation ;itis
fiftyleaguesdistancefromZubu,TowardstheNorth-west
istheislandofLozon,^whichisattwodays'distance ;a
largeisland,towhichcometotradeeveryyearsixoreight
junksofthepeoplecalledLequii
.^
Onleavingthisplace,andtakingourcoursebetween
westandsouth-west,wetouchedatanalmostuninhabited
island,whichafterwardswelearnedwasnamedOagayan.
ThefewpeoplethereareMoors,whohavebeenbanished
fromanislandcalledBurne.^Theygonakedlikethe
others,andcarryblow-pipeswithsmallquiversattheir
sidesfullofarrows,andaherbwithwhichtheypoison
them.Theyhavedaggers,withhiltsadornedwithgold
andpreciousstones,lances,bucklers,andsmallcairasses
ofbuffaloes'hide.Thesepeopletookusforsomething
Divineorholy.Therearesomeverylargetreesinthis
island,butlittlevictuals. Itisin
7°30'Northlatitude,
andforty-threeleaguesfromChipit.
Continuingourvoyagewechangedourcoursetobe-
tweenWestandNorth-west, a^ndafterrunningtwenty-five
leagues,wearrivedatalargeisland,whichwefoundwell
providedwithvictuals,anditwasgreatgoodfortuneforus
'Lucjon.
2Theauthorspeaksofthisnationfurtheron.
3Borneo.

189. DESCEIPTIONOPPALAWAN. 109
sinceweweresoreducedbyhungerandsobadlysupplied,
thatwewereseveraltimesonthepointofabandoningthe
ships,andestablishingourselvesonsomeland,inorderto
live.Inthisisland,whichwelearnedwasnamedPalaoan,
wefoundpigs,goats,fowls,yams,bananasofvariouskinds,
someofwhicharehalfacubitlong,andasthickasthearm,
othersareonlyaspanlong,andothersarestillsmaller,and
thesearethebest;theyhavecocoanuts,sugarcanes,and
certainrootsliketurnips.Theycookriceunderthefirein
bamboocanes,orwoodenvessels,anditkeepslongerthan
thatcookedinearthenpots.Theydrawfromthericewith
akindofalembicawinethatisbetterandstrongerthan
thepalmwine.Inshortwefoundthisislandtobeapro-
misedland.
Wepresentedourselves totheking,whocontracted
allianceandfriendshipwithus,andtoassureusofit,he
askedforoneofourknives,withwhichhedrewbloodfrom
hisbreast,withwhichhetouchedhisforeheadandtongue.
Werepeatedthesameceremony.^
ThepeopleofPalaoangonakedliketheotherislanders,
theyalmostalltilltheirownfields.Theyhaveblow-pipes,
withthickarrowsmorethanaspaninlength,withapoint
likethatofaharpoon
;somehaveapointmadewithafish
bone,andothersareofreed,poisonedwithacertainherb
;
thearrowsarenottrimmedwithfeathers,butwithasoft
lightwood.Atthefootoftheblow-pipetheybindapiece
ofiron,bymeansofwhich,whentheyhavenomorearrows,
theywieldtheblow-pipelikealance.Theyliketoadorn
themselveswithringsandchainsofgimpandwithlittlebells,
butabovealltheyarefondofbrasswire,withwhichthey
bindtheirfishhooks.Theyhavesomeratherlargedomes-
ticcocks,which,fromsomesuperstition,theydonoteat,
buttheykeepthemforfighting;onsuchoccasionsthey
1Thisparagraph isnotinAmoretti'sedition,andistakenfromthe
Frencheditionof1802.

190. 110 ARRIVALATBORNEO.
makebetsandofferprizes^whichareacquiredbytheowner
oftheconqueringcock.
GoingfromPalaoantowardstheSouth-west,afterarun
oftenleagues,wereachedanotherisland.^Whilstcoasting
it,itseemedinacertainmannertogoforwardfwe
coasteditforadistanceoffullyfifty^leagues, untilwe
foundaport.Wehadhardlyreachedtheportwhenthe
heavensweredarkened,andthelightsofSt.Elmoappeared
onourmasts.
Thenextdaythekingofthatislandsentaprahutothe
ships;itwasveryhandsome,withitsprowandsternorna-
mentedwithgold;onthebowflutteredawhiteandblue
flag,withatuftofpeacock^sfeathersatthetopofthestaff
;
therewereintheprahusomepeopleplayingonpipesand
drums,andmanyotherpersons.Twoalmadiasfollowed
theprahu;thesearefishermen^sboats,andaprahuisa
kindoffusta.Eightoldmenofthechiefsoftheisland
cameintotheships,andsatdownuponacarpetonthe
poop,andpresentedapaintedwoodenvasefullofbeteland
areca(fruitswhichtheyconstantlychew),withorangeand
jessamineflowers,andcoveredoverwithaclothofyellow
silk.Theyalsogavetwocagesfulloffowls,twogoats,
threevessels fullofwine,distilledfromrice,andsome
bundlesofsugarcane.Theydidthesametotheother
ship;andembracingustheydeparted. Theirricewineis
clearlikewater,butsostrongthatmanyofourmen'were
intoxicated. Theycallitarak.
Sixdayslaterthekingagainsentthreeveryornamented
prahus,whichcameplayingpipesanddrumsandcymbals,
andgoingroundtheships,theircrewssaluteduswiththeir
'Borneo.
*Thatistosay,"Tomoveagainstthestreamonaccountofthe
contrarycurrents." NotetoAmoretti'sedition.
3Ramusiohasfiveleagues,buttheMilanMS.hasfifty,whichisthe
realdistance.

191. VISITTOTHEKING. Ill
clotlicaps,wMchhardlycoverthetopsoftheirheads.We
salutedthem,firingthebombardswithoutstones.Then
theymadeusapresentofvariousvictuals,butallmadewith
rice,eitherwrappedinleavesintheformofalongcylin-
der,orintheshapeofasugarloaf,orintheshapeof
acake,witheggsandhoney.Theythensaidthattheir
kingwaswellpleasedthatweshouldmakeprovisionshere
ofwoodandwater,andthatwemighttrafficatourpleasure
withtheislanders. Havingheardthis,sevenofusentered
oneoftheprahus,takingwithuspresentsfortheking,and
forsomeofhiscourt.Thepresentintendedfortheking
consistedinaTurkishcoatofgreenvelvet,achairofviolet
colouredvelvet,fiveellsofredcloth,acap,agiltgoblet,
andavaseofglass,withitscover,threepacketsofpaper,
andagiltpenandinkcase.Wetookforthequeenthree
ellsofyellowcloth,apairofslippers,ornamented with
silver,andasilvercasefullofpins.Fortheking'sgover-
nororministerthreeellsofredcloth,acap,andagilt
goblet;andfortheheraldwhohadcomeintheprahu,a
coatoftheTurkishfashion,ofredandgreencolours,acap
andapacketofpaper.Fortheothersevenchiefmenwho
hadcomewithhim,wepreparedpresents ;foronecloth,for
anotheracap,andforeachapacketofpaper.Having
madethesepreparations,weenteredtheprahu,andde-
parted.
Whenwearrivedatthecity,wewereobligedtowait
abouttwohoursintheprahu,untiltherecamethithertwo
elephantscoveredwithsilk,andtwelvemen,eachofwhom
carriedaporcelainvasecoveredwithsilk,forconveying
andwrappingupourpresents.Wemountedtheelephants,
andthosetwelvemenprecededus,carryingthevaseswith
ourpresents.Wewentasfarasthehouseofthegovernor,
whogaveussupperwithmanysortsofviands.Therewe
sleptthroughthenight,onmattresses filledwithcotton,
andcoveredwithsilk,withsheetsofCambay stufi".

192. 112 VISITTOKINGOPBORNEO.
Onthefollowingdayweremaineddoingnothinginthe
housetillmidday^andafterthatwesetoutfortheking^s
palace.Wewereagainmountedupontheelephants^and
themenwiththepresentsprecededusasbefore.Fromthe
governor'shousetothatoftheking^allthestreetswere
fullofmenarmedwithswords,spears,andbucklers,the
kinghavingsocommanded.Weenteredthepalacestill
mountedupontheelephants ;wethendismounted,and
ascendedastaircase,accompaniedbythegovernorand
someofthechiefmen,andenteredalargeroomfullof
courtiers,whomweshouldcallthebaronsofthekingdom
;
therewesatuponacarpet,andthevaseswiththepresents
wereplacednearus.
Attheendofthishalltherewasanotheralittlehigher,
butnotsolarge,allhungwithsilkstaffs,amongwhich
weretwocurtainsofbrocadehungup,andleavingopen
twowindowswhichgavelighttotheroom.
Therewereplacedthreehundredmenoftheking'sguard
withnakeddaggersintheirhands,whichtheyheldontheir
thighs.Attheendofthissecondhallwasagreatopening,
coveredwithacurtainofbrocade,andonthisbeingraised
wesawthekingsittingatatable,withalittlechildofhis,
chewingbetel.Behindhimtherewereonlywomen.
Thenoneofthechiefmeninformedusthatwecouldnot
speaktotheking,butthatifwewishedtoconveyanything
tohim,weweretosayittohim,andhewouldsayittoa
chieforcourtierofhigherrank,whowouldlayitbeforea
brotherofthegovernor,whowasinthesmallerroom,and
theybymeansofablowpipeplacedinafissureinthewall
wouldcommunicateourthoughtstoamanwhowasnear
theking,andfromhimthekingwouldunderstandthem.
Hetaughtusmeanwhiletomakethreeobeisancestothe
king,withthehandsjoinedabovethehead,raisingfirstone
thentheotherfoot,andthentokissthehandstohim.
Thisistheroyalobeisance.

193. AUDIENCEOFTHEKINGOFBORNEO. 113
Thenbythemodewhichhadbeenindicatedtous,we
gavehimtounderstandthatwebelongedtotheKingof
Spain,whowishedtobeinpeacewithhim,andwishedfor
nothingelsethantobeabletotradewithhisisland.The
kingcausedananswertobegiventhathewasmostpleased
thatthekingofSpainwashisfriend,andthatwecould
takewoodandwaterinhisstates,andtrafficaccordingto
ourpleasure. Thatdoneweofferedthepresents,andat
eachthingwhichtheygavetohim,hemadeaslightincli-
nationwithhishead.Toeachofuswasthengivensome
brocade,withclothofgold,andsomesilk,whichthey
placedupononeofourshoulders,andthentookawayto
takecareofthem.Acollationofclovesandcinnamonwas
thenservedtous,andafterthatthecurtainsweredrawn
andthewindowsclosed. Allthemenwhowereinthe
palacehadtheirmiddlescoveredwithclothofgoldandsilk,
theycarriedintheirhandsdaggerswithgoldhilts,adorned
withpearlsandpreciousstones,andtheyhadmanyrings
ontheirfingers.
Weagainmountedtheelephants,andreturnedtothe
houseofthegovernor. Sevenmenprecededusthere,car-
ryingthepresentsmadetous,andwhenwereachedthe
housetheygavetoeachoneofuswhatwasforhim,putting
itonourleftshoulder,ashadbeendoneintheking's
palace.Toeachofthesesevenmenwegaveapairofknives
inrecompensefortheirtrouble.
Afterwardstherecameninementothegovernor'shouse,
sentbytheking,withasmanylargewoodentrays,ineach
ofwhichweretenortwelvechinadishes,withthefleshof
variousanimals,suchasveal,capons,fowls,peacocks,and
others,withvarioussortsoffish,sothatonlyoffleshthere
werethirtyorthirty-twodifferentviands.Wesuppedon
thegroundonapalmmat;ateachmouthfulwedranka
littlechinacupofthesizeofaneggfullofthedistilled
liquorofrice :wethenatesomericeandsomethingsmade
I

194. 114 DESCRIPTIONOPCITYOPBRUNI.
ofsugar
J,
usinggoldspoonsmadelikeours.Intheplace
inwhicHwepassedthetwonightsthereweretwocandles
ofwhitewaxalwaysburning,placedonhighchandeliersof
silver,andtwooillampswithfourwickseach.Twomen
keptwatchtheretotakecareofthem.Thenextmorning
wecameuponthesameelephantstotheseashore,where
thereweretwoprahusready,inwhichweweretakenback
totheships.
Thiscityisentirelybuiltonfoundationsinthesaltwater,
exceptthehousesofthekingandsomeoftheprinces :it
containstwenty-fivethousandfiresorfamilies.^Thehouses
areallofwood,placedongreatpilestoraisethemhighup.
Whenthetiderisesthewomengoinboatsthroughthecity
sellingprovisionsandnecessaries.^ Infrontoftheking^s
housethereisawallmadeofgreatbricks,withbarbicans
likeforts,uponwhichwerefifty-sixbombardsofmetal,and
sixofiron.Theyfiredmanyshotsfromthemduringthe
twodaysthatwepassedinthecity.
ThekingtowhomwepresentedourselvesisaMoor,and
isnamedRajaSiripada :heisaboutfortyyearsofage,and
israthercorpulent.Nooneserveshimexceptladieswho
arethedaughtersofthechiefs.Noonespeakstohimexcept
bymeansoftheblow-pipeashasbeendescribedabove.He
hastenscribeSjwhowritedownhisaffairsonthinbarkof
trees,andarecalledchiritoles.^Henevergoesoutofhis
houseexcepttogohunting.
OnMonday,the29thofJuly,wesawcomingtowardsus
morethanahundredprahus,dividedintothreesquadrons,
andasmanytungulis,whicharetheirsmallerkindofboats.
Atthissight,andfearingtreachery,wehurriedlysetsail,
1Thisnumberseemsexaggerated. Noavithasonlytwoorthree
thousandhouses. Hist.GeneraledesVoyages.,tom.xv,p.138.Note,
Milanedition.
2Theydolikewisenowathightide.Note,Milanedition.
3"Cherita-tulis," writersofnp„rrativcs.

195. FIGHTINGWITHJUNKS. 115
andleftbehindananchor in.thesea.Oursuspicions in-
creasedwhenweobservedthatbehinduswerecertainjunks
whichhadcome'thedaybefore.Ourfirstoperationwasto
freeourselvesfromthejunks,againstwhichwefired,cap-
turingfourandkillingmanypeople :threeorfourother
junkswentagroundinescaping.Inoneofthosewhichwe
capturedwasasonofthekingoftheisleofLuzon,whowas
captain-general oftheKingofBurnd,andwhowascoming
withthejunksfromtheconquestofagreatcitynamed
Laoe,situatedonaheadlandofthisislandoppositeJava
Major.Hehadmadethisexpeditionandsackedthatcity
becauseitsinhabitantswishedrathertoobeytheKingof
JavathantheMoorishKingofBurne.TheMoorishking
havingheardoftheill-treatmentbyusofhisjunks,has-
tenedtosendtosay,bymeansofoneofourmenwhowason
shoretotraffic,thatthosevesselshadnotcometodoany
harmtous,butweregoingtomakewaragainsttheGentiles,
inproofofwhichtheyshowedussomeoftheheadsofthose
theyhadslain.
Hearingthis,wesenttotellthekingthatifitwasso,that
heshouldallowtwoofourmenwhowerestillonshore,with
asonofourpilot,JuanCarvalho,tocometotheships :
thissonofCarvalho^shadbeenbornduringhisfirstresi-
denceinthecountryofBrazil :butthekingwouldnotcon-
sent.JuanCarvalhowasthusspeciallypunished,forwith-
outcommunicatingthemattertous,inordertoobtainalarge
sumofgold,aswelearnedlater,hehadgivenhislibertyto
thecaptainofthejunks. Ifhehaddetainedhim,theKing
Siripadawouldhavegivenanythingtogethimback,that
captainbeingexceedinglydreadedbytheGentileswhoare
mosthostiletotheMoorishking.
And,withrespecttothat,itiswelltoknowandunder-
standthatinthatsameportwherewewere,beyondthecity
oftheMoorsofwhichIhavespoken,thereisanotherinha-
bitedbyGentiles,largerthanthisone,andalsobuiltinthe
i2

196. 116 PAGANPOPULATIONOPBRUNI.
saltwater.Sogreatistheenmitybetweenthetwonations
thateverydaythereoccursstrife.ThekingoftheGentiles
isaspowerfulasthekingoftheMoors,butheisnotso
proud;anditseemsthatitwouldnotbesodifficulttoin-
troducetheChristianreligionintohiscountry.^
Aswecouldnotgetbackourmen,weretainedonboard
sixteenofthechiefs,andthreeladieswhomwehadtaken
onboardthejunks,totakethemtoSpain.Wehaddes-
tinedtheladiesfortheQueen;butJuanCarvalhokeptthem
forhimself.
TheMoorsofBurnegonakedliketheotherislanders.
Theyesteemquicksilververymuch,andswallowit.They
pretendthatitpreservesthehealthofthosewhoarewell,
andthatitcuresthesick.TheyvenerateMahomedand
followhislaw.Theydonoteatpig'sflesh
^With
theirrighthandtheywashtheirface,butdonotwashtheir
teethwiththeirfingers.TheyarecircumcisedliketheJews.
Theyneverkillgoatsorfowlswithoutfirstspeakingtothe
sun.^Theycutofftheendsofthewingsoffowlsandthe
skinundertheirfeet,andthensplitthemintwo.Theydo
noteatanyanimalwhichhasnotbeenkilledbythemselves.
Inthisislandisproducedcamphor,akindofbalsam
whichexudesfrombetweenthebarkandthewoodofthe
tree.Thesedropsaresmallasgrainsofbran. Ifitisleft
exposedbydegreesitisconsumed :hereitiscalledcapor.
Hereisfoundalsocinnamon,ginger,mirabolans,oranges,
lemons,sugarcanes,melons,gourds,cucumbers,cabbage,
'ThePortugueseintroducedCkristianityintothiscountry,which
lastedtill1590.NowtheGentileshavebeenobligedtoabandonthe
sea-coast,andhaveretiredtothemountains. Sonnerat^NoteofMilan
edition.
•*Heresomedetailsareomitted,which,withthewholeofthispara-
graph,havebeenwrittenbyPigafetta,becausehewasanItalian,and
notaSpaniardorPortuguese,inwhichcasehewouldhavebeenbetter
informed.
^AnerrornaturalenoughiuanItalian.

197. PRICESATBRUNI. 117
onions.Therearealsomanyanimals^sucliaselephants,
horses,buffaloes,pigs,goats,fowls,geese,crows,andothers.
TheysaythattheKingofBurnehastwopearlsaslarge
asahen'seggs,andsoperfectlyroundthatifplacedona
smoothtabletheycannotbemadetostandstill.Whenwe
tookhimthepresentsImadesignstohimthatIdesired
toseethem,andhesaidthathewouldshowthemtome,
buthedidnotdoso.Onthefollowingdaysomeofthechief
mentoldmethattheyhadindeedseenthem.
ThemoneywhichtheMoorsuseinthiscountryisof
metal,^andpiercedforstringingtogether.Ononesideonly
ithasfoursigns,whicharefourlettersofthegreatKing
ofChina :theycallitPicis.^Foronecathil(aweightequalto
twoofourpounds)ofquicksilvertheygaveussixporcelain
dishes,foracathilofmetaltheygaveonesmallporcelain
vase,andalargevaseforthreeknives.Forahandofpaper
theygaveonehundredpicis.Abaharofwax(whichis
twohundredandthreecathils)foronehundredandsixty
cathilsofbronze :foreightycathilsabaharofsalt :forforty
cathilsabaharofanime,agumwhichtheyusetocaulk
ships,forinthesecountriestheyhavenopitch.Twenty
tabilmakeacathil.Themerchandisewhichismostes-
teemedhereisbronze,quicksilver,cinnabar,glass,woollen
stuffs,linens;butabovealltheyesteemironandspectacles.
SinceIsawsuchusemadeofporcelain,Igotsomein-
formationrespecting it,andIlearnedthatitismadewitha
kindofverywhiteearth,whichisleftundergroundforfully
fiftyyearstorefineit,sothattheyareinthehabitofsaying
thatthefatherburiesitforhisson.Itissaidthatifpoison
isputintoavesseloffineporcelainitbreaksimmediately.
Thejunksmentionedseveraltimesabovearetheirlargest
vessels,andtheyareconstructedinthismanner.Thelower
partoftheshipsandthesidestoaheightoftwospansabove
1Brassorbronze. Note,Milanedition.
2
''
Pitis",smallcoin,600toadollaratAchiu.

198. 118 DEPABTUREFKOMBORNEO.
water-linearebuiltofplanksjoinedtogetherwithwooden
bolts^andtheyarewellenoughputtogether.Theupper
worksaremadeofverylargecanesforacounterpoise.^One
ofthesejunkscarriesasmuchcargoasourships.The
mastsareofbamboo,andthesailsofbarkoftrees.This
islandissolargethattosailrounditwithaprahuwouldre-
quirethreemonths. Itisin
5°
1
5'
northlatitudeand176°40'
oflongitudefromthelineofdemarcation.
^
Onleavingthisislandwereturnedbackwardstolookfor
aconvenientplaceforcaulkingourships,whichwereleak-
ing,andoneofthem,throughthenegligenceofthepilot,
struckonashoalnearanislandnamedBibalonf
but,bythe
helpofGod,wegotheroff.Wealsorananothergreat
danger,forasailor,insnuffingacandle,threwthelighted
wickintoachestofgunpowder;buthewassoquickin
pickingitoutthatthepowderdidnotcatchfire.
Onourwaywesawfourprahus.Wetookoneladenwith
cocoanutsonitswaytoBurne;butthecrewescapedtoa
smallisland,andtheotherthreeprahusescapedbehind
someothersmallislands.
BetweenthenortherncapeofBurneandtheislandnamed
Cimbonbon,situatedin8°7'N.latitudethereisaverycon-
venientportforrefittingships,andweentered it;butas
wewerewantingmanythingsnecessaryforourwork,we
hadtospendthereforty-twodays.Eachoneworkedatone
thingoranotheraccordingtothebestofhisknowledgeor
ability :butourgreatestlabourwasgoingtogetwoodin
1TheMilaneditionhasaddedtothetext,
^^
whichprojectoutsidefor
acounterpoise";andsupposesthisreferstoanoutrigger. Junkshave
nooutriggers
;
prahushaveprojectinggunwales,whichwidenthedeck.
2ThislatitudeisthatofthenorthernpointofBorneo ;thelongitude
ismuchdiminished,asusual.Pigafettahastakencaretomarkinhis
mapoftheislandofBorneo,hisvoyageoffiftyleaguesfromthepoint
totheport,andhasplacedLabeatthesouthernpointoftheisland.
Xote,Milanedition.
^NownamedBalaba. Note,Milanedition.

199. CURIOUSANIMALS, 119
thethickets,asthegroundwascoveredwithbriarsand
thornyshrubs,andwehadnoshoes.
Inthisislandtherearesomeverylargewildboars.Whilst
wewereinaboatwekilledonewhichwascrossingfrom
oneislandtoanother. Itsheadwastwoandahalfspans
long,anditstuskswereexceedinglylong.^Herealsoare
crocodiles ;thoseofthelandarelai^gerthanthoseofthe
sea-coast.Thereareoystersandverylargeturtles
;ofthese
wecaughttwo.Thefleshalone,of-OHeofthemweighed
twentypounds,andoftheotherforty-fourpounds.We
caughtakindoffishwithaheadlikethatofapig,and
whichhadtwohorns
;itsbodywasallcoveredwithbone^
andonitsbackithadakindofsaddle :thiswasasmall
one.Inthisislandarealsofoundcertaintrees,theleaves
ofwhich,whentheyfall,areanimated,andwalk.They
areliketheleavesofthemulberrytree,butnotsolong
;
theyhavetheleafstalk^shortandpointed,andnearthe
leafstalktheyhaveoneachsidetwofeet.Iftheyare
touchedtheyescape,butifcrushedtheydonotgiveout
blood.^ Ikeptoneforninedaysinabox.WhenIopened
ittheleafwentroundthebox.Ibelievetheyliveuponair.
TheislandinwhichwewereiscalledPulaoan.
Onleavingthisisland—thatistosay,theportwhichis
attheextremityofit—wemetajunkwhichwascoming
fromBorneo.Wemadesignalstoittostrikeitssails;but
asitwouldnotobeyweovertook it,capturedandpillaged
it.IthadonboardtheGovernorofPulaoan,withason
andabrotherofhis.Wemadethemallprisoners,andput
themtoransomtogivewithinsevendaysfourhundred
measuresofrice,twentypigs,asmanygoats,andfourhun-
1TheBabi-rusa,orhog-deer.
-"Picciulo."
3Othertravellershaveseensimilarleaves,andbeingmoreversedin
naturalhistorythanourPigafetta,soonknewthatthemotionofthese
leavescamefromtheinsectwhichlivedinside.- (Hist.Gen.desFov/.,
torn.XV,p.58.)Note,Milanedition.

200. 120 SULUISLANDS.
dredandfiftyfowls.Theycausedallthistobegivenus,
andbesidesaddedspontaneously cocoanuts, figs^sugar-
canes,andvesselsfullofpalmwine.We,inconsequence
ofhisgenerosity,restoredtohimsomeofhisdaggersand
arquebuses ;wealsogavehimaflag,agarmentofyellow
damask,andfifteenellsoflinen.Wegavetohissonacloak
ofbluecloth,andtohisbrotheragarmentofgreencloth,
andtotheothersotherthings,andwepartedgoodfriends.
Weturnedbackwards,passingbetweentheislandof
CagayanandtheportofCipit,^takingacourseeastanda
quartersouth-east, toseektheislandsofMaluco.We
passedbetweencertainlittlemountains,^aroundwhichwe
foundmanyweeds,althoughtherewasthereagreatdepth.
Passingbetweentheseisletsitseemedthatwewerein
anothersea.
HavingleftCipittotheeast,wesawtothewesttwo
islandscalledZolo^andTaghima,*nearwhichislandspearls
arefound.ThetwopearlsoftheKingofBurne,ofwhich
Ihavespoken,werefoundthere,andthisisthemannerin
whichheobtainedthem,accordingtotheaccountwhich
wasgivenmeofit.TheKingofBurnemarriedadaughter
oftheKingofZolo,whotoldhimthatherfatherhadthese
twobigpearls.Hedesiredtohavethem,anddecidedon
gettingthembyanymeans,andonenighthesetoutwith
fivehundredprahusfullofarmedmen,andwenttoZolo,and
tookthekingwithhistwosons,andbroughtthemtoBurne,
anddidnotrestorethemtolibertyuntiltheygavehimthe
twopearls.
Continuingourcourseeastandaquarternorth-eastwe
passedneartwoinhabitedplacescalledOavitandSubanin,
andpassednearanislandcalledMonoripa,tenleaguesdis-
tantfromthebefore-mentioned islets.Theinhabitantsof
thisislandalwaysliveintheirvessels,andhavenohouses
'IntheisleofMindanao.
-Islets.
=Sulu.
*NownamedBasilan.

201. MINDANAO. 121
onshore.InthesetwodistrictsofCavitandSubanin,
whicharesituatedinthesameisland^asthatinwhichare
ButuanandCalagan^thebestcinnamonofanygrows. If
wecouldhaveremainedhereonlytwodays,wecouldhave
ladentheshipswithit
jbutwedidnotwishtolosetime,
buttoprofitbythefavourablewind,forwehadtodoublea
capeandsomeisletswhichwerearoundit.Wherefore,re-
mainingundersail,wemadealittlebarter,andobtained
seventeenpoundsofcinnamonfortwobigknives,whichwe
hadtakenfromtheGovernorofPulaoan.
Havingseenthecinnamontree,Icangivesomedescrip-
tionofit.Itisasmalltree,notmorethanthreeorfour
cubitshigh,andofthethicknessofaman'sfinger,andit
hasnotgotmorethanthreeorfourlittlebranches. Itsleaf
islikethatofthelaurel.Thecinnamonforusewhich
comestous,isitsbark,whichisgatheredtwiceinthe
year. Itswoodandleaveswhentheyaregreenhavethe
tasteandforceofthebarkitself.HereitiscalledCain-
mana,sincecainmeanswoodandmanasweet.^
Havingsettheheadoftheshiptonorth-east,wemade
foralargecitycalledMaingdanao, situatedinthesame
islandinwhichareButuanandCalagan,inordertoget
preciseinformationofthepositionofMaluco. Following
thiscoursewetookpossessionofahignaday,avesselsimilar
toaprahu,andbeingobligedtohaverecoursetoforceand
violence,wekilledsevenoutofeighteenmenwhoformed
thecrew.Thesemenwerebettermadeandmorerobust
thanallthosewehadseenhitherto,andtheywereallchief
menofMindanao. Therewasamongthemabrotherof
thekingwhosaidthathewellknewwhereMalucowas.
Afterwards,followinghisindications,weleftthenorth-east
coursewhichweheld,andtookasouth-eastcourse.We
'Mindanao.
^Fromthisprobablycomestheword"Cinnamomum".

202. 122 CANNIBALSINMINDANAO.
werethenin6°7'N.latitudeandthirtyleaguesdistantfrom
Cavit.
Weweretoldthatatacapeofthisislandneartoariver
therearemenwhoareratherhairy,greatwarriors,and
goodarchers,armedwithswordsaspanbroad.When
theymakeanenemyprisonertheyeathisheartonly,and
theyeatitrawwiththejuiceoforangesorlemons.^ This
capeiscalledBenaian.^
Makingforthesouth-eastwefoundfourislands,named
Ciboco,BirabamBatolac,Sarangani,andCandigar. Satur-
day,the26thofOctober,aboutnightfall,whilstcoast-
ingtheislandofBirabamBatolac,wemetwithavery
greatstorm,beforewhichwelowered alloursails,and
betookourselvestoprayer.Thenourthreesaintsappeared
uponthemastsanddispersedthedarkness. St.Elmostood
formorethantwohoursatthemainmastheadlikeaflame.
St.Nicholasattheheadoftheforemast,andSt.Clara
onthemizenmast. Ingratitude fortheirassistancewe
promisedaslavetoeachofthesaints,andwegaveto
eachanoffering.
Continuingourvoyageweenteredaportbetweenthe
twoislandsSaranganiandCandigar,andcastanchortothe
east,nearavillageofSarangani,wherepearlsandgoldare
found. Thisportisin
5°9'N.latitude,andfiftyleagues
fromCavit.The ,inhabitantsareGentilesandgonaked
liketheothers.
Havingremainedhereadaywecompelledbyforcetwo
pilotstocomewithustoshowusthewaytoMaluco.We
weredirectedtotakeasouth-south-west course,andpassed
betweeneightislandspartlyinhabited,partlyuninhabited,
whichformedakindofstreet.ThesewerenamedCheava,
^Thisreceiptwasrecentlyattributed,insomenewspaperparagraph,
totheBattasofSumatra,1874.
2CapeBenaianisthemostnortherncapeoftheisland,andhasstill
thesamename. Note,Milanedition.

203. ISLANDSSOUTHOPMINDANAO. 123
CaviaOjCabiaoCamanuca, Cabaluzao,Cheai^Lipan,and
Nuza.Attheendofthesewereachedanislandwhich
wasverybeautiful,namedSanghir.^ Buthavingacon-
trarywind,whichdidnotallowustodoublethecape,we
tackedaboutbackwardsandforwardsnearit.
Onthisoccasion,profitingbythedarknessofthenight,
oneofthepilotswhomwehadcaughtatSarangani,and
withhimthebrotherofthekingofMindanaowithhislittle
son,escapedbyswimmingandreachedthatisland;butwe
learnedlaterthatthesonnotbeingabletoholdonwellto
hisfather'sshoulders,wasdrowned.
Seeingthatitwasimpossibletodoubletheheadofthis
islandwepassedbelowit,wherewesawinanysmallislands.
ThislargeislandhasfourkingswhosenamesareRaja
Matandatu,RajaLaga,RajaBapti,andRajaParabu.
ThreseareGentiles. Itisin3°30'N.latitudeandtwenty-
sevenleaguesfromSarangani.
Continuingourcourseinthesamedirectionwepassed
nearfiveislandsnamedCheoma,Carachita,Para,Zangalura,
andCian.^ ThislastistenleaguesdistantfromSanghir.
Inthisislandthereisaratherhighmountain,butnotone
ofgreatextent. ItskingisnamedRajaPonto.Wecame
nexttotheislandPaghinzara/whichhasthreehighmoun-
tains,andinitthekingisRajaBabintan.Wesawat
twelveleaguestotheeastofPaghinzaraanotherisland.
1Theislandsherementionedbelongtothatgroupinwhichmodern
geographersreckonKararotan,Linop,andCabrocana
;afterVhichis
foundSanghir,thebeautifulislandoftheauthor :othersnameitSan-
guil.ThisislandhasmanyisletstotheS.W.,whichPigafettamentions
later. Cabiu,Cabalussu,Limpaug,andNussa,arementionedinthe
listofislandswhichin1682belongedtotheKingofTernate. Note^
Milanedition.
2InthelistofislandsbelongingtotheKingofTernate,arefound
Karkitang,Para,Sangaluhan,Siau.
•5Pangazara,Talaut,andMahono,areintheabovequotedlist.

204. 124 THEYSIGHTTHEMOLUCCAS.
Talant,andalsotwoislands^notlargebutinhabited,called
ZoarandMean.
Wedaesday,the6thofNovember,havingpassedbeyond
thesetwoislands,wediscoveredfourotherratherhigh
islandsatadistanceoffourteenleaguestowardstheeast.
Thepilotwhohadremainedwithustoldusthosewerethe
Malucoislands,forwhichwegavethankstoGrod,andto
comfortourselveswedischarged allourartillery. Itneed
notcausewonderthatweweresomuchrejoiced,sincewe
hadpassedtwenty-sevenmonthslesstwodaysalwaysin
searchofMaluco,wandering forthatobjectamongthe
immensenumberofislands.ButImustsaythatnearall
theseislandstheleastdepththatwefoundwasonehundred
fathoms,forwhichreasonattentionisnottobegiventoall
thatthePortuguesehavespread,accordingtowhomthe
islandsofMalucoaresituatedinseaswhichcannotbe
navigatedonaccountoftheshoals,andthedarkandfoggy
atmosphere.
'
Friday,the8thNovemberof1521,threehoursbefore
sunset,weenteredaportoftheislandcalledTadore,^and
havinggoneneartheshore,wecastanchorintwenty
fathoms,anddischarged allourartillery.Nextdaythe
kingcametotheshipsinaprahu,andwentroundthem.
Wewenttomeethimwithaboattoshowhimhonour,and
hemadeusenterhisprahu,andsitnearhim.Hewas
sittingunderasilkumbrella,whichshelteredhim.Infront
ofhimwashissonwiththeroyalsceptre,therewerealso
twomenwithgoldvasestogivehimwaterforhishands,
andtwootherswithgiltcasketsfullofbetel.
Thekinggaveusawelcome,andsaidthatalongtime
backhehaddreamedthatsomeshipswerecomingto
Malucofromdistantcountries,andthattoassurehimself
withrespecttothis,hehadexaminedthemoon,andhehad
seenthattheywerereallycoming,andthatindeedthey
1Tidore.

205. VISITOFTHEKINGOFTIDORE. 125
wereourships.Afterthathecameonboardourships,
andweallkissedhishand :wethenconductedhimtothe
poop,buthe,inordertoavoidstooping,wouldnotenter
thecabinexceptbytheupperopening.Wemadehimsit
downonachairofredvelvet,andplacedonhimaTurkish
robeofyellowvelvet.Inordertodohimmorehonourwe
satdownbeforehimontheground.Whenhehadheard
whowewere,andwhatwastheobjectofourvoyage,hesaid
thatheandallhispeoplewerewellcontenttobethemost
faithfulfriendsandvassalsoftheKingofSpain;thathe
receivedusinthisislandashisownsons;thatwemight
goonshoreandremainthereasinourownhouses
;and
thathisislandforthefutureshouldnotbenamedTadore,
butCastile,inproofofthegreatloveheboretotheking
ourmaster.Thenwepresentedtohimthechaironwhich
hesat,andtherobewhichwehadputonhim,apieceof
finelinen,fourellsofscarletcloth,arobeofbrocade,a
clothofyellowdamask,apieceofthewhitestCambay
linen,twocaps,sixstringsofglassbeads,twelveknives,
threelargemirrors, sixscissors, sixcombs,somegilt
goblets,andotherthings.WegavetohissonanIndian
clothofgoldandsilk,alargemirror,acapandtwoknives.
Toeachoftheninechiefmenofhissuitewemadeapresent
ofapieceofsilk,acapandtwoknives
;andtomany
othersofhissuitewemadeapresent,tooneofacap,to
anotherofaknife,untilthekingtoldusnottogiveany
morepresents.Hethensaidthathehadgotnothing
worthytobesentasapresenttoourking,unlesshesent
himself,nowthatheconsideredhimashislord.Heinvited
ustocomeclosertothecity,andifanyoneattemptedto
comeonboardtheshipsatnight,hetoldustofireupon
himwithourguns.Hecameoutofthesterncabinbythe
samewaybywhichhehadenteredit,withouteverbending
hishead.Athisdeparturewefiredallthecannon.
ThiskingisaMoor,ofaboutforty-fiveyearsofage,

206. 126 NEGOTIATIONSWITHKINGOFTIDORE,
ratherwellmade^andofahandsomepresence.Heisa
verygreatastrologer. Hisdressconsistedofashirtof
veryfinewhite stuff,withtheendsofthesleevesem-
broideredwithgold,andawrapperwhichcamedownfrom
hiswaistalmosttotheground.Hewasbarefooted -,round
hisheadhehadasilkveil,andoverthatagarlandofflowers.
HeisnamedRajaSultanManzor.
Onthe10thofNovember—aSunday—wehadanother
conversationwiththeking,whowishedtoknowhowlong
atimewehadbeenabsentfromSpain,andwhatpayand
whatrationsthekinggavetoeachofus;andwetoldhim
allthis.Heaskedusforasignatureofthekinganda
royalstandard,sincehedesiredthatbothhisislandof
Tadore,andalsothatofTarenate(whereheintendedto
havehisnephewnamedCalanogapi,crownedking)should
becomesubjecttotheKingofSpain,forwhosehonourhe
wouldfighttothedeath
;andifitshouldhappenthathe
shouldbecompelledtogiveway,hewouldtakerefugein
Spainwithallhisfamily,inanewjunkwhichhewashaving
constructed,andwouldtakewithhimtheroyalsignature,
andstandard.
Hebeggedustoleavewithhimsomeofourmen,who
wouldalwayskeepalivehisrecollectionofusandofour
king,ashewouldmoreesteemhavingsomeofuswithhim
thanourmerchandise,whichwouldnotlasthimalongtime.
Seeingoureagernesstotakeclovesonboard,hesaidthat
forthatpurposehewouldgotoanislandcalledBachian,
wherehehopedtofindasmuchofthemaswerewanted,
sinceinhisislandtherewasnotaquantitysufiicientofdry
clovestoloadthetwoships.Onthatdaytherewasno
trafficbecauseitwasSunday.Theholidayofthesepeople
isonFriday.
Itmaypleaseyourillustriouslordshiptohavesome
descriptionoftheislandswheretheclovesgrow.They
arefive—Tarenate,Tador,Mutir,Machiau,andBachian.

207. FRANCISCOSERRANOINTERNATE. 127
Tarenateistheprincipalisland. Itsking,whilsthelived,
hadalmostentiredominionovertheotherfour.Tadore,
theislandinwhichwewere,hasitsownking.Mutirand
MachianhavenOking,butaregovernedbythepeople ;and
whenthekingsofTarenateandTidoreareatwar,they
furnishthemwithcombatants. ThelastisBachian,and
ithasaking.Allthisprovinceinwhichtheclovesgrow
iscalledMaluco.
Whenwearrivedhere,eightmonthshadnotelapsed
sinceacertainPortuguese,FranciscoSerrano,haddiedin
Tarenate.Hewascaptain-general oftheKingofTarenate
whenhewasmakingwarontheKingofTadore
jandhe
actedsostrenuouslythatthiskingwascompelledtogive
hisdaughterinmarriagetotheKingofTarenate,who
alsoreceivedashostagesalmostallthesonsofthechief
menofTadore. Peacewasthenmade,andfromthat
daughterwasbornthenephewCalanopagi,ofwhomIhave
spoken.ButtheKingofTadoreneverforgaveSerrano
inhisheart;andhehavingcomeseveralyearslaterto
Tadoretotrafficincloves,thekinghadhimpoisonedwith
somebetelleaves,sothathesurvivedhardlyfourdays.
TheKingofTarenatewishedtohavehimburiedaccording
totheirownusage,butthreeChristianservantsthat
Serranohadwithhimdidnotconsenttoit.Indyinghe
leftalittlesonandalittlegirlthathehadofaladyhe
hadtakeninJavamajor,andtwohundredbaharsofcloves.
FranciscoSerranowasagreatfriendandarelationofour
unfortunatecaptain-general,andheitwaswhoinducedhim
toundertakethatvoyage,forwhenMagellanwasatMalacca,
hehadseveraltimeslearnedbylettersfromSerranothathe
washere. Therefore,whenD.Manuel,KingofPortugal,
refusedtoincreasehispensionbyasingletestoon^per
month,anincreasewhichhethoughthehadwelldeserved,
hecametoSpainandmadetheproposaltohisSacredMa-
^Atestoonwasworthhalfaducat. Note,Milanedition.

208. 128 ARRIVALOFCHIEFSFROMTERNATE.
jestytocomeherebywayofthewest,andheobtained all
thatheaskedfor.
TendaysafterthedeathofSerrano,theKingofTarenate,
namedRajaAbuleis/droveoutfromhiskingdomhisson-
in-lawtheKingofBachian,whosewife,thedaughterofthe
KingofTarenate,cametoTarenateunderthepretextof
concludingpeace,andgavehim(herfather)suchapoison
thatheonlysurvivedtwodays,anddyingleftninesons,
whosenamesweretoldtomeasfollows :Chechili^-Momuli,
JadoreVunghi,Chechilideroix, Cilimanzur, Cilipagi,Chia-
linchechilin,Cataravajecu, Serich,andCalanopagi,
Monday,the11thofNovember,Chechilideroix,oneofthe
above-mentioned sonsoftheKingofTarenate,camewith
twoprahustotheshipssoundingdrums :hewasdressedin
redvelvet.Welearnedthathehadnearhimthewidow
andsonsofFranciscoSerrano.Whenweknewhim,being
awarethathewasanenemyoftheKingofTadore,wesent
toaskhimwhetherwemightreceivehimintheships,
which,aswewereinhisport,wewouldnotdowithouthis
consent.Thekingsentuswordtodowhateverwepleased.
ButmeantimeChechilideroix, seeingourhesitation,had
somesuspicion,andmovedfurtherofffromtheships.We
thenwenttohiminaboat,andmadehimapresentofan
Indianclothofgoldandsilk,withsomelooking-glasses,
knives,scissors,etc. :thesethingsheacceptedbutdisdain-
fully,andsoonafterdeparted.HehadwithhimanIndian
whohadbecomeaChristian,namedManuel,theservantofa
certainPedroAlfonzodeLorosa,aPortuguese,who,after
thedeathofSerrano,hadcomefromBandantoTarenate.
ManuelbeingabletospeakPortuguese,cameonboardthe
ships,andtoldusthatalthoughthesonsoftheKingof
TarenatewereenemiestotheKingofTadore,yettheywere
WhenthePortuguese,Brito,wassenttogoverntheMoluccasin
1511,thisRajaAbuleislived,andhenameshimRajaBeglif. Note,
Milanedition.
^"Chechil"or"Cachil",atitle.

209. THEKINGOPTIDOKE'sWAYOFDINING. 129
disposedtowardstlieserviceofSpain.Then,bymeansof
him,wewrotetoDeLorosatocometoourshipswithout
anysuspicionorfear.
Thesekingshaveasmanyladiesastheyplease,butone
onlyistheprincipalwife,andalltheothersaresubjectto
her.TheKingofTadorehadalargehouseoutsidethecity,
wherethereweretwohundredoftheladieshewasmost
fondof,andasmanymoretoservethem.Thekingeats
alone,orwithhisprincipalwife,onakindofraiseddais,
fromwhichhecanseealltheotherssittinground,andhe
decidesupontheonewhomostpleaseshimtocometohim.
Whentheking^sdinnerisfinished,theladiesalleattogether
ifhepermitsit,orelseeachonegoestoeatinherownroom.
Noonewithoutspecialpermissionfromthekingcansee
thoseladies,andifanybodybydayorbynightwerefound
neartheirhousehewouldbekilledimmediately. Each
familyisboundtogiveoneortwodaughterstotheking.
RajahSultanManzourhadtwenty-sixchildren,ofwhom
eightwereboysandeighteengirls.IntheislandofTadore
thereisakindofbishop,andtheonethatwasthereinour
timehadfortyladiesandverymanychildren.
OnTuesday,the12thofNovember,thekinghadahouse
builtinthecityforourmerchandise,anditwasbuiltinone
day.Thitherwecarriedallthatwehadtobarter,andplaced
itinthecustodyofthreeofourmen,andthetradebeganat
once.Itwascarriedoutinthismanner.Fortenellsofred
clothofprettygoodqualitytheygaveabaharofcloves.A
baharisfourquintals^andsixpounds.Forfifteenellsof
middlingqualityabahar,forfifteenhatchetsabahar,for
thirty-fiveglasscupsabahar;andthekinginthismanner
hadfromusalmostallourgoblets :forseventeencathilsof
cinnabarabahar
;thesameforasmuchquicksilver. For
twenty-six ellsofcommonlinenabahar,andthesamefor
twenty-five ellsoffinerlinen;forahundredandfiftyknives
>Ahundredweight.

210. 130 TRADEATTIDORE.
abaliar
;forfiftyscissorsabaliar ;forfortycapsabahar
;
fortenGuzeratclothsabaliar; forthreeoftheircymbals
twobahars :foraquintalofbronzeabahar.Almostall
ourmiri-orswerebroken,andthefewthatremainedentire
thekingwishedtohave.Manyoftheabove-mentioned
goodshadbeenobtainedbyusbythecaptureofthejunks,
which1haverelated
;andthehastewewere-intoreturnto
Spaincausedustosellourgoodsatalowerpricethanwe
shouldhavedonehadwenotbeeninahurry.
Everydaytherecametotheshipsmanyboatsladenwith
goats,fowls,plantains,cocoanuts,andothervictuals,that
itwasawondertosee.Wesuppliedtheshipswithgood
watertakenfromaspringwhenceitissuedhot,butifitre-
mainsonlyonehourintheopenairitbecomesverycold.
Theysaythatitcomesoutlikethatbecause itissuesfrom
themountainofthecloves. Itmaybeseenfromthishow
thoseliedwhosaidthatfreshwaterhadtobebroughtto
Malucofromdistantcountries.
ThenextdaythekingsenthissonnamedMossahapto
theislandoftheMutirforcloveswithwhichtofreightour
ships.WehadspokentothekingthatdayofsomeIndians
whomwehadcaptured,andheentreatedustomakeapre-
sentofthemtohim,ashehadtheintentionofsendingthem
backtotheirnativecountry,accompaniedbyfivemenof
Tadore,who,onrestoringthemtotheircountry,wouldpraise
andcommendtheKingofSpainandmakeagoodname
fortheSpaniards.Wegavehimthethreeladieswhomwe
haddestinedforthequeen,ashasbeensaidabove,andall
themenexceptthoseofBurne :heverymuchappreciated
thisgift.
Thekingthenaskedanotherfavour—thatwas,thatwe
shouldkillallthepigswehadonboard,forwhichhewould
giveanamplecompensation infowlsandgoats.Wegave
hiaisatisfaction inthis,cuttingtheirthroatsandhanging
themupunderthedeck,sothattheMoorsshouldnothave

211. VISITOPPEDRODELOKOSA. 131
occasiontoseethem,sinceifbyaccidenttheyseeanypig
theycoveredtheirfacesnottoseeitorperceiveitssmell.
IntheeveningofthesamedayPedroAlfonso,^thePortu-
guesCjcameinaprahu,butbeforehecameonboardthe
shipsthekingsenttocallhim,andsaidtohim,thatalthough
hebelongedtoTarenateheshouldtakegoodcarenotto
answerfalselytothequestionsweweregoingtoaskhim.
Heindeed,aftercomingonboard,toldusthathehadcome
toIndiasixteenyearsago,andoftheseyearshehadpassed
teninMaluco
;anditwasjusttenyearssincethoseislands
hadbeendiscoveredbythePortuguese,whokeptthedis-
coverysecretfromus.Hethenrelatedtousthatayear,less
fifteendays,hadelapsedsincealargeshiphadcomehither
proceedingfromMalacca,andhadgoneawayladenwith
cloves;butthat,onaccountofthebadweather,shehad
beenobligedtoremainsomemonthsatBandam.Headded
thathercaptainwasTristandeMeneses,aPortuguese,from
whom,onaskingwhatnewstherewasinEurope,hehad
heardthatasquadronoffiveshipshadsailedfromSevilleto
discoverMalucointhenameoftheKingofSpain,andthat
thecaptainofthissquadronwasFerdinandMagellan,aPor-
tuguese,forwhichreasontheKingofPortugal,beingangry
thatasubjectofhisshouldattempttodoathingsoopposed
tohim,hadsentsomeshipstothecapeofGoodHope,and
otherstotheCapeSta.Maria,^wherethecannibalsare,to
impedetheirpassage,buttheyhadnotfalleninwiththem.
HavinglearnedlaterthatMagellanhadpassedbyanother
sea,andwasmakingforMalucobywayofthewest,hehad
writtentohisCaptain-Major oftheIndies,namedDiogo
LopezdeSequeira,tosendsixshipstoMalucoagainstthe
Spanishsquadron. Butthecaptain-major,havingatthat
timereceivedinformationthattheGrandTurkwasplanning
anexpeditionagainstMalacca,wasobligedtosendagainst
^PedroAlfonsodeLorosa.
*ThenortherncapeatthemouthoftheRiodelaPlata.
k2

212. 1.32DESIGNSOPTHEPORTUGUESEAGAINSTMAGELLAN.
himsixtysailtotheStraitsofMekkah^inthecountryof
Jiddahjwhere,however,theyonlyfoundafewgalleyswhich
hadgroundednearthebeautifulandstrongcityofAden,and
>theysetfiretothem.
Thisenterprise,addedDeLorosa,hadpreventedthe
captain-major fromimmediately sendinganexpedition
againstMagellan ;butalittlelaterhehadsenttoMaluco
agreatgalloonwithtworowsofcannon,commandedby
FranciscoFaria,aPortuguese :butneitherdidthisone
come,foronaccountoftheshoalsandcurrentswhichare
nearMalacca,andthecontrarywinds,itwasunabletopass
thatpromontory,andwascompelledtoturnback.
Healsorelatedthatafewdaysbeforeacaravelwithtwo
junkshadcometothesepartstogetnewsofus.Thejunks
hadsailedtoBachiantoloadcloves^withsevenPortuguese
onboai'd.Thesemen,whodidnotrespectthewivesofthe
inhabitants,noreventhoseoftheking,notwithstanding the
warningtheyhadreceivedfromthekinghimself,wereall
killed.Themenofthecaravel,onhearingofthis,returned
inhastetoMalacca,abandoningthejunkswithfourhundred
baharsofclovesandasmuchmerchandise aswouldhave
purchasedanotherhundredbahars.Healsorelatedthat
everyyearmanyjunksgofromMalaccatoBandantobuy
maceandnutmeg,andgothencetoMalucotopurchase
cloves.TheymakethevoyagefromBandantoMalucoin
threedays,andemployfifteeninthevoyagefromBandanto
Malacca. .Hesaid,lastly,thatsincetenyearsbacktheKing
ofPortugalhadderivedgreatprofitfromtheseislands,and
hetookespecialcaretokeepthesecountriesconcealedfrom
andunknowntotheSpaniards.Herelatedmanyothersimi-
larthings,passingseveralhoursinconversationwithus
:
andwesaidanddidsomuch,ofieringhimalargesalary,that
wemadehimdetermineoncomingwithustoSpain.
Friday,the15thofNovember,thekingtoldusthat
hethoughtofgoinghimselftoBachiantogetthecloves

213. DESCRIPTIONOPGILOLO. 133
whichthePortuguesehadleftthere^andaskedusforpre-
sentstogivetothetwogovernorsofMutirinthenameof
theKingofSpain.Meanwhile^havingcomeclosetoour
shipSjhewishedtoseehowweshotwiththecross-bow_,with
guns^andwithaswivelgun,whichisaweaponlargerthan
anarquebuse.Hehimselffiredthreetimeswithacross-
^
bow,buthedidnotcaretofirewithagun.
OppositeTadorethereisanotherverylargeisland,called
Giailolo^,anditissolargethataprahucanwithdifficulty
gorounditinfourmonths. ItisinhabitedbyMoorsand
Gentiles.TheMoorshavetwokings,oneofwhom,accord-
ingtowhattheKingofTadorerelatedtous,hashadsix
hundredchildren,andtheotherhashadfivehundredand
twenty-five. TheGentileshavenotgotsomanywomen
astheMoors,andarelesssuperstitious. Thefirstthing
theymeetinthemorningwhentheygooutoftheirhousesis
theobjectwhichtheyworshipthroughoutthatday.The
kingoftheseGentiles isnamedE-ajaliPapua.Heisvery
richingold,andinhabitstheinterioroftheisland.There
growhereamongtherocksbamboosasthickasaman^sleg,
fullofwater,whichisverygoodtodrink.Wepurchased
manyofthem.
OnSaturdaytheMoorishKingofGiailolocametothe
shipswithmanyprahuSjandwemadehimapresentofa
greendamaskrobe,twoellsofredcloth,somelooking-
glasses,scissors,knives,combs,andtwogiltgoblets,which
thingspleasedhimverymuch,andhesaidtousthat,aswe
werefriendsoftheKingofTadore,wewerealsohisfriends,
sincehelovedthatkinglikeoneofhisownsons.Hein-
vitedustocometohiscountry,promisingtodousgreat
honour.Thiskingispowerful,andheldinsufficientrespect
throughout alltheseislands.Heisveryold,andhisname
isRajaJussu.
Sundaymorningthissamekingcameonboardtheships
•Gilolo.

214. 134 ACCOUNTOPCLOVETREES.
andwisliedtoseehowwefouglit^andhowwedischarged
thebombards,atwhichhewasgreatlypleased,forinhis
youthhehadbeenagreatwarrior.
ThesamedayIwentonshoretoseehowtheclovesgrow,
andthisiswhatIobserved.Thetreefromwhichtheyare
gatheredishigh,anditstrunkisasthickasaman^sbody,
moreorless,accordingtotheageoftheplant.Itsbranches
spreadoutsomewhatinthemiddleofthetree,butnearthe
toptheyformapyramid.Thebarkisofanolivecolour,
andtheleavesverylikethoseofthelaurel.Thecloves
growattheendoflittlebranchesinbunchesoftenor
twenty.Thesetreesalwaysbearmorefruitononeside
thanontheother,accordingtotheseasons.Theclovesare
whitewhentheyfirstsprout,theygetredastheyripen,and
blackenwhendry.Theyaregatheredtwiceintheyear,
onceaboutChristmasandtheothertimeaboutSt.John^s
day,whentheairinthesecountriesismilder,anditisstill
moresoinDecember.Whentheyearisratherhot,and
thereislittlerain,theygatherineachoftheseislandsfrom
threetofourhundredbaharsofcloves.Theclovetreedoes
notliveexceptinthemountains,andifitistransferredto
theplainitdiesthere.^Theleaf,thebark,andthewood,
aslongastheyaregreen,havethestrengthandfragrance
ofthefruititself. Ifthesearenotgatheredwhenjustripe
theygetsolargeandhardthatnothingofthemremains
goodexcepttherind.Itissaidthatthemistrendersthem
perfect,andindeedwesawalmosteverydayamistdescend
andsurroundoneorotheroftheabove-mentionedmoun-
tains.Amongthesepeopleeveryonepossessessomeof
thesetrees,andeachmanwatchesoverhisowntreesand
gatherstheirfruit,butdoesnotdoanyworkroundthemto
cultivatethem.Thistreedoesnotgrowexceptinthefive
mountainsofthefiveMalucoislands.Thereare,however,a
^TheDutchobservedlaterthatthisdoesnothappen. Note,Milan
edition.

215. ACCOUNTOPNUTMEGSANDGINGER. 135
fewtreesinGiailoloandinasmallislandbetweenTadore
andMutirnamedMare,buttheyarenotgood.
ThereareinthisislandofGiailolosometreesofnutmegs.
Thesearelikeourwalnuts,andtheleavesalsoaresimilar.
Thenutmeg,whengathered,islikethequinceinformand
colour,andthedownwhichcoversit,butitissmaller.The
outsiderindisasthickasthegreenrindofourwalnuts,
beneathwhichisathinweb,orrathercartilage,under-
whichisthemace,ofaverybrightred,whichcoversand
surroundstherindofthenuts,insidewhichisthenutmeg
properlysocalled.
TherealsogrowsinTadoretheginger,whichweusedto
eatgi-een,.insteadofbread.Gingerisnotatree,buta
shrub,whichsendsoutoftheearthshootsaspanlonglike
theshootsofcanes,whichtheyalsoresembleintheshapeof
theleaves,onlythoseofthegingerarenarrower.Theshoots
aregoodfornothing ;thatwhichmakesgingeristheroot.
Whengreen,itisnotsostrongaswhenitisdry,andto
dryittheyuselime,orelseitwouldnotkeep.
Thehousesofthesepeoplearebuiltlikethosealready
described,butarenotsonighabovetheground,andare
surroundedwithcanesafterthefashionofahedge.The
womenhereareugly,andgonakedliketheothers,having
onlytheirmiddlescoveredwithclothmadeofbark.Themen
alsoarenaked,andnotwithstanding thattheirwomenare
ugly,theyaree5:ceedinglyjealous ;andamongstotherthings
whichdispleasedthem,wasthatwecameashorewithout
cloaks,^becausetheyimaginedthatmightcausetemptation
totheirwives. Bothmenandwomenalwaysgobarefoot.
SinceIhavespokenofcloth,Iwillrelatehowtheymake
it.Theytakeapieceofbarkandleaveitinwateruntilit
hasgrownsoft;theythenbeatitwithwoodenclubsto
extenditinlengthandbreadth,asmuchastheyplease
j
^Thisreferstothedressofmenatarmsoftheperiod,whichwas
notdecent.

216. 136 ACCOUNTOPBAEKjCLOTH_,ANDSAGO.
thusitbecomeslikeaveilofrawsilkwithfilamentsenlaced
withinit,sothatitappearsasifitwaswoven.
Theirbreadismadewiththewoodofatreelikeapalm
tree,andtheymakeitinthisway.Theytakeapieceofthis
wood,andextractfromitcertainlongblackthorns^whichare
situatedthere;thentheypound it,andmakebreadofit
whichtheycallsagu.Theymakeprovisionsofthisbread
fortheirseavoyages.
EverydaytherecamefromTarenatemanyboatsladen
withcloves,butwe,becausewewerewaitingfortheking,
wouldnottrafficforthosegoods,butonlyforvictuals :and
themenofTarenatecomplainedmuchofthis.
OnSundaynight,the24thofNovember,theking
arrived,andonenteringtheporthadhisdrumssounded,
andpassedbetweenourships.Wefiredmanybombards
todohimhonour.Hetoldusthatforfourdaysweshould
becontinuallysuppliedwithcloves.
Ineffect,onMondayhesentsevenhundredandninety
onecatils,withouttakingtare.Totaketaremeansto
takespiceforlessthanwhatitweighs,andthereasonof
thisisbecausewhentheyarefresh,everydaytheydiminish
inweight.Asthesewerethefirstcloveswhichwetook
onboard,andtheprincipalobjectofourvoyage,wefired
ourbombards forjoy.ClovesarecalledGomodeinthis
place;inSaranganiwherewetookthetwopilotstheyare
calledBonglavan,andinMalaccaGhianche.'^
Tuesdaythe26thNovembertheKing,cametotellus
thatforushehaddonewhataKingneverdoeshere,that
wastoleavehisownisland;buthehadgonetoshowthe
affectionhehadfortheKingofCastile,andbecausewhen
wehadgotourcargo,wecouldsoonerreturntoSpain,and
afterwardsretm*nwithgreaterforcestoavengethedeath
1PerhapsthesearewhattheMalaysuseforpeus.
«Chingke,Chinesefor"odorousnails".

217. SUSPICIONSOFKINGOFTIDOEE'sINTENTIONS. 137
ofhisfather,whohadbeenkilledinanislandcalledBurn,
andhisbodyhadbeenthrownintothesea.
HeafterwardsaddedthatitwasthecustominTadore,
whenthefirstcloveswereembarked inavessel,orin
junks,thatthekinggaveafeasttotheircrewsandmer-
chants,andtheymadeprayerstoGodtobringthemin
safetytotheirport.Hewishedtodothesameforus,and
atthesametimethefeastwouldservefortheKingof
Bachian,whowascomingwithabrotherofhistopayhim
avisit,andonthataccounthehadthestreetscleaned.
Hearingthis,someofusbegantosuspectsometreachery
;
allthemorebecausewelearnedthat,notlongbefore,three
Portuguese ofthecompanions ofFranciscoSerranohad
beenassassinatedattheplacewherewegotwater,bysome
oftheislandersconcealedinthethickets ;alsoweoftensaw
themwhisperingwiththeIndianswhomwehadmade
prisoners. Therefore,althoughsomeofuswereinclined
toaccepttheinvitation,weconcludednottobetakeour-
selvesthither,recollectingtheunfortunate feastgivento
ourmenintheislandofZubu,andwedecidedonaspeedy
departure.
Meantimeamessagewassenttothekingtothankhim,
andtoaskhimtocomesoontotheships,wherewewould
delivertohimthefourmenwehadpromisedhim,with
thegoodswhichwehaddestinedforhim.TheKingcame
soon,andonenteringtheship,asthoughhehadobserved
thatwehaddoubts,saidthatheenteredwithasmuch
confidenceandsecurityasintohisownhouse.Hemade
usfeelhowmuchhewasdispleasedbyourunexpected
hastetodepart,sinceshipsusedtoemploythirtydays
intakingintheircargo;andthatifhehadmadeajourney
outoftheisland,hecertainlyhadnotdoneittoinjure
usbuttoassistus,sothatwemightmorespeedilyob-
tainthecloveswhichwerequired,andapartofwhich
wewerestillexpecting.Headdedthatitwasnotthen

218. 138 THEKINGDISPELSSUSPICION.
afitseasonfornavigatinginthoseseas,onaccountofthe
manyshoalsnearBandan,andbesides itwouldbea
likelythingthatweshould fallinwithsomePortuguese
ships.When,inspiteofwhathehadsaid^hesawwe
werestilldeterminedongoingaway,hesaidthatwe^must
takebackallthatwehadgivenhim,sincetheKings,
hisneighbours,wouldconsiderhimasamanwithout
reputation forreceivingsomanypresentsinthenameof
sogreatakingastheKingofSpain,andhehadgiven
nothinginreturn,andperhapstheywouldsuspectthat
theSpaniardshadgoneawayinsuchhasteforfearof
sometreachery,sothattheywouldfixuponhimthename
oftraitor.Then,inorderthatnosuspicionmightremain
inourmindsofhishonestyandgoodfaith,heordered
hisKorantobebrought,andkissingitdevoutlyheplaced
itfourorfivetimesonhisheadwhilstwhisperingcertain
wordstohimself,witharitewhichtheycallZambehan,^
andhesaidinthepresenceofusall,thathesworeby
AllahandbytheKoran,whichheheldinhishand,that
hewouldeverbefaithfulandafriendtotheKingof
Spain.Hesaidallthisalmostweepingandwithsogreat
anappearanceofsinceritj'andcordiality,thatwepromised
toprolongoursojournat"Tadoreforanotherfortnight.
WethengavehimtheRoyalsignatureandstandard.
Welearned later,byasureandcertainchannel,that
someofthechiefsofthoseislandshadindeedcounselled
himtokillallofus,bywhichthinghewouldhaveacquired
forhimselfgreatmeritwiththePortuguese,whowould
havegivenhimgoodassistancetoavengehimselfonthe
KingofBachian,buthe,loyalandconstanttotheKing
ofSpain,withwhomhehadswornapeace,hadanswered
thathewouldneverdosuchanactonanyaccountwhat-
ever.
^'
Wednesday,the27thNovember,thekingissuedapro-
'"Subhan",orgivingpraise.

219. TRADEINCLOVES. 139
clamationthatwlioeverhadclovesmightfreelysellthem
tous.Forwhichreasonallthatandthefollowingday,
webouglitcloveslikemad.^
Friday,intheafternoon,thegovernorofMachiancame
withmanyprahus,buthewouldnotcomeonshore,
becausehisfatherandhisbrother,whohadbeenbanished
fromMachian,hadtakenrefugehere.
ThefollowingdaytheKingofTadore,withhisnephew,
thegovernor,namedHumai,amanoftwenty-fiveyearsof
age,cameonboardtheships,andtheking,onhearing
thatwehadnomorecloth,senttofetchfromhishousesix
ellsofredcloth,andgavethemtousinorderthatwe
might,byaddingotherobjects,makeafittingpresentto
thegovernor.Wemadehimthepresent,andhethanked
usmuch,andsaidthatsoonhewouldsendusplentyof
cloves.Athisdeparturefromtheshipwefiredseveral
bombards.
Sundaythe1stdayofDecember,theabove-mentioned
governordepartedfromTadore
;andweweretoldthatthe
kinghadmadehimapresentofsomesilkclothsanddrums,
forhimtosendusthecloves'sooner.OnMonday,theking
himselfwentagainoutoftheislandforthesameobject.
Wednesdaymorning,asitwasthedayofSt.Barbara,^
andonaccountoftheKing'sarrival alltheartillerywas
discharged. Thekingcametothebeachtoseehowwe
firedrocketsandfireballs,andtookgreatpleasureinthem.
ThurdayandFridaywepurchasedagoodmanycloves
bothinthecityandattheshipsatamuchlowerprice,as
thetimeofourdeparturegrewnearer.Forfourellsof
riband^theygaveabaharofcloves,fortwolittlechainsof
'"Afuria,"
"
S.Barbara isthepatronessofpowdermagazines,whichonboard
FrenchshipsarecalledSainteBarbe.
3"Frixeto,""was^ro,"or"se</?<cciff," "ribbon,'''i^socallednowin
Genoese. Note,Milanedition.

220. 140 DELOROSACOMESTOTHESHIPS.
brasswhichwerewortliamarcello/theygaveusa
hundredpounds ;andatlasteachmanbeingdesirousof
havinghisportionofthecargo^andastherewerenomore
goodstogiveinexchangeforcloves,or.egavehiscloak,
anotherhiscoat,andanotherashirtorotherclothesto
obtainthem.
OnSaturdaythreesonsoftheKingofTarenate,with
theirwives,whoweredaughtersofourKingofTadore,
andafterwardsPedroAlfonso,thePortuguese,cameto
theships.Wegaveagiltglassgoblettoeachofthe
brothers,andtothethreewivesscissorsandother
things
;andwhentheywentawaywefiredseveralbom-
bardsintheirhonour.Weafterwardssentonshorea
presentofseveralthingstothewidowoftheKingof
Tarenate,daughteroftheKingTadore,whohadnotven-
turedtocomeonboardtheships.
Sundaythe8thDecember,wefiredmanybombards,
rockets,andfireballstocelebratetheConceptionofour
Lady.Mondayintheafternoon,theKingcametothe
shipswiththreewomenwhocarriedhisbetel. Itistobe
observedthatnoonecantakewomenaboutwithhim
excepttheking.AfterwardstheKingofGiailolocame
toseeagainourgunexercise.
Somedayslater,asthedayofourdeparturegrewnear,
thekingshowedusasincereaffection,andamongother
obligingthings,saidtousthatitseemedtohimthathe
wasasuckingchildwhomitsmotherwasabouttoleave,
andthatheremaineddisconsolate allthemorenowthathe
hadbecomeacquaintedwithusandlikedseveralthings
ofSpain,forwhichreasonheentreatedusnottodelayour
returnthencetoTadore. Meantime,hebeggedustoleave
1Marcello,acoinstruckatVenicebytheDogeNicolbMarcelloin
1473,ofsilver,weighingasmuchasasequin,andworthaboutsixpence.
Note,Milanedition.

221. ATERNATEPRAHUPURSUESLOROSA. 141
himsomeofourswivelguns
^forhisowndefence.He
warnedusatthesametimenottonavigateexceptbyday-
light^onaccountoftheshoalsandreefswhichexistin
theseseas
;butweansweredhimthatbecauseofourneed
toarriveinSpainassoonaspossible,wewereobligedto
navigatenightandday :hethenaddedthat,beingunable
todoanythingelse,hewouldprayGodeverydaytobring
ushomeinsafety.
DuringthistimePedroAlfonsodeLorosahadcometo
theshipswithhiswifeandpropertytoreturnwithus.
Twodaysafter,Kechilideroix,sonoftheKingofTarenate,
camewithaprahuwellfilledwithmen,andapproaching
theshipsrequestedLorosatocomeintohisprahu
;but
Lorosa,whosuspectedhim,refusedtodoso,andtoldhim
hehaddeterminedongoingawaywiththoseshipsto
Spain.Forthesamesuspicionheadvisedusnotto
receivehimintheships;andwedidnotchoosethathe
shouldcomeonboardwhenheaskedtodoso.Itwas
knownlaterthatKechiliwasagreatfriendofthePortu-
guesecaptainofMalacca,andhadtheintentionofseiz-
ingLorosaandofconductinghimthither;andonthat
accountheseverelyreprimanded thosepersonswithwhom
thisPortuguese lived,forhavinglethimdepartwithout
hispermission.
ThekinghadinformedusthattheKingofBachian
wouldsoonarrive,withabrotherofhiswhowasgoingto
marryoneofhisdaughters,andhadaskedustodohim
honourbyfiringbombardsonhisarrival.Hearrivedon
Sundaythe15thofDecember,intheafternoon,andwe
didhimhonourasthekinghaddesired -,wedidnot,how-
ever,dischargetheheaviercannon,aswewereheavily
laden.Thekingandhisbrothercameinaprahuwith
threebanksofrowersoneachside,ahundredandtwenty
innumber.Theprahuwasadornedwithmanystreamers
madeofwhite,yellowandredparrot^sfeathers.Theywere
1"Verzi."

222. 142 VISITOFTHEKINGOFBACHIAN.
soundingmanycymbals,andthatsoundservedtogivethe
measuretotherowerstokeeptime.Intwootherprahus
werethedamselswhoweretobepresentedtothebride.
Theyreturnedusthesalutebygoingroundtheshipsand
roundtheport.
Asitisthecustomthatnokingdisembarksontheland
ofanotherking,theKingofTadorecametovisithimof
Bachianinhisownprahu :thisone,seeingtheother
coming,rosefromthecarpetonwhichhewassitting,and
placedhimselfononesidetomakewayforthekingof
thecountry :buthe,outofceremony,wouldnotsiton
thecarpet,butsatontheothersideofit,leavingthe
carpetbetweenthem.ThentheKingofBachiangaveto
himofTadorefivehundred'patol,asifinpaymentofthe
daughterhewasgivingasawifetohisbrother. Patoisare
clothsofgoldandsilkworkedinChina,andareverymuch
prizedintheseislands.Eachoftheseclothsispaidfor
withthreebaharsofclovesmoreorless,accordingasthey
aremoreorlessrichingoldandembroidery. Whenever
oneofthechiefmendie,hisrelationsputonthesecloths
todohimhonour.
Monday,theKingofTadoresentadinnertotheking
ofBachian, carriedbyfiftywomenclothedwithsilk
fromtheirwaiststotheirknees.Theywenttwoandtwo
withamanbetween iip.themidstofthem.Eachonecar-
riedalargedishuponwhichweresmalldisheswithvarious
viands;tenoftheoldestofthesewomenwerethemace-bear-
ers.Theyproceededinthiswaytotheprahu,andpresented
everythingtothekingwhowassittingonacarpetunder
aredandyellowcanopy.Astheywerereturning,they
caughtsomeofourmenwhohadcomeoutofcuriosity
andwhowereobligedtomakethempresentsofsometrifle
togetfree.Afterthatthekingsentalsotousapresent
ofgoats,cocoanuts,wine,andotherthings.
'Thisdaywebentontheshipsnewsails,uponwhichwas

223. BIRDSOFPARADISE. 143
thecrossofSt.James,ofGallicia,withletterswhich
said :
''
Thisisthefigureofourgoodfortune/^
Tuesday,wepresentedtothekingsomepiecesofartil-
lery
;thatissomearquebuseswhichwehadtakenas
prizesintheIndies,andsomeofourswivel-gunswithfour
barrelsofpowder.Wetookonboardeachshipeighty
barrelsofwater.Woodweweretofindattheisland
ofMare,wherethekinghadalreadyfivedaysagosent
ahundredmentoprepareit,andnearwhichweweretopass.
Thisday,theKingofBachian,withtheconsentofthe
KingofTadore,cameonshore,precededbyfourmen
holdingupdaggersintheirhands,tomakealliancewith
us:hesaid,inthepresenceoftheKingofTadoreandof
allhissuite,thathewouldalwaysbereadyfortheservice
oftheKingofSpain,thathewouldkeepinhisnamethe
clovesleftinhisislandbythePortuguese, untilanother
Spanishsquadronarrivedthere,andhewouldnotgive
themupwithouthisconsent.Hesentthroughustothe
KingofSpainapresentofaslaveandtwobaharsof
cloves.Hewouldhavewishedtohavesenttenbahars,
butourshipsweresoheavilyladen^thatwecouldnot
receiveanymore.
HealsogaveusfortheKingofSpaintwomostbeautiful
deadbirds.Thesebirdsareaslargeasthrushes
;they
havesmallheads,longbeaks,legsslenderlikeawriting
pen,andaspaninlength;theyhavenowings,butinstead
ofthemlongfeathersofdifferentcolours,likeplumes :
theirtailislikethatofthethrush. Allthefeathers,except
thoseofthewings,areofadarkcolour ;theyneverfly,
exceptwhenthewindblows.Theytoldusthatthese
birdscomefromtheterrestrialParadise,andtheycallthem
"bolondinata"thatisdivinebirds.
TheKingofBachianwasamanofaboutseventyyears
ofage.NotonlydidtheKingofBachianrecognise
theKingofSpainashisSovereign
;buteverykingof

224. 144 TIDOEESUPERSTITIONS.
Malu'cowrotetohimthathedesiredalwaystohehisfaithful
subject.
OnedaytheKingofTadoresenttotellourraen^who
dweltinthemagazineforthemerchandise,thattheyshould
takecarenottogooutofthehousebynight,sincethere
werecertainmen,nativesofthecountry,whobyanointing
themselves,walkbynightintheshapeofmenwithout
heads :andiftheymeetanyonetowhomtheywishill,they
touchhishandandanointhispalm,andthatointment
causeshimsoontogrowill,anddieattheendofthreeor
"fourdays.Butiftheymeetthreeorfourpersonstogether
theydonottouchthem,butmakethemgiddy.Headded
thathehadawatchkepttodiscoverthem,andhehad
alreadyhadseveralexecuted.
Whentheybuildanewhouse,beforegoingtoinhabit
it,theymakeafireroundit,andgivemanyfeaststhere.
Thentheyfastentotheroofofthehouseapatternor
sampleofeverythingthatistobefoundintheisland,
persuadedthatbythatmeansnoneofthosethingswillbe
everwantingtowhoeverinhabitsthehouse.
Wednesdaymorningeverythingwaspreparedforour
departurefromMaluco.TheKingsofTadore,ofGriailolo,
andofBachian,andasonoftheKingofTarenatehadcome
toaccompanyusasfarastheislandofMare.Theship
"Victoria^^madesailandstoodoutalittle,waitingforthe
ship"
Trinity'^;butshehadmuchdifficultyingettingup
theanchor,andmeanwhilethesailorsperceivedthatshe
wasleakingverymuchinthehold.Thenthe'^Yictoria^^
returnedtoanchorinherformerposition.Theybeganto
dischargethecargoofthe"Trinity^^toseeiftheleak
couldbestopped,foritwasperceivedthatthewatercame
inwithforceasthroughapipe,butwewereneverableto
findoutatwhatpartitcamein.Allthatdayandthenext
wedidnothingelsebutworkatthepumps,butwithout
anyadvantage.

225. THESHIPTRINITYSPRINGSALEAK. 145
Hearing tliis^theKingofTadorecameatoncetothe
ships,andoccupiedhimselfwithusinsearchingforthe
leak.Forthispurposehesentintotheseafiveofhismen,
whowereaccustomedtoremainalongtimeunderthe
water,andalthoughtheyremainedmorethanhalf-an-hour
theycouldnotfindthefissure.Asthewaterinsidethe
shipcontinually increased,theking,whowasasmuch
affectedbyitaswewere,andlamentingthismisfortune,
senttotheendoftheislandforthreeothermen,more
skilfulthanthefirstatremainingunderwater.
Hecamewiththemearlythenextmorning. Thesemen
divedunderwaterwiththeirhairloose,thinkingthattheir
hair,attractedbythewaterwhichpenetratedintotheship,
wouldindicatetothemtheleak,butthoughtheyremained
morethananhourinthewater,theydidnotfind it.
Theking,seeingthattherewasnoremedyforit,saidwith
lamentation,"WhowillgotoSpaintotakenewsofmeto
thekingourlordVWeansweredhimthatthe"
Victoria
^^
wouldgothere,andwouldsailatoncetotakeadvantage
oftheeastwinds,whichhadalreadycommenced. The
"Trinity,^^meanwhile,wouldberefittedandwouldwaitfor
thewestwindsandgotoDarien,whichisontheother
sideofthesea,inthecountryofDiucatan.^Theking
approvedourthoughts,andsaidthathehadinhisservice
twohundredandtwenty-fivecarpenterswhowoulddoall
theworkunderthedirectionofourmen,andthatthose
whoshouldremaintherewouldbetreatedashisown
children,andhesaidthiswithsomuchemotionthathe
movedusalltotears.
We,whowereonboardthe"
Victoria,^^fearingthatshe
mightopen,onaccountoftheheavycargoandthelong
voyage, lightened herbydischarging sixtyhundred
weightofcloves,whichwehadcarriedtothehousewhere
thecrewofthe
'^
Trinity
^^
werelodged.Someofourown
1Yucatan.
L

226. 146 THETRINITYREMAINSTOREFIT.
crewpreferredtoremainatMalucoratherthangowith
ustoSpain,becausetheyfearedthattheshipcould
notenduresolongavoyage,andbecause,mindfulofhow
muchtheyhadsuffered,theyfearedtodieofhungerin
mid-ocean.
Saturday,the21stDecember,dayofSt.Thomasthe
Apostle,theKingofTadorecametotheshipsandbrought
usthetwopilots,whomwehadalreadypaid,toconductus
outoftheseislands.Theysaidthattheweatherwasthen
goodforsailingatonce,but,havingtowaitfortheletters
ofourcompanionswhoremainedbehind,andwhowished
towritetoSpain,wecouldnotsailtillmidday.Thenthe
shipstookleaveofoneanotherbyamutualdischargeof
bombards. Ourmenaccompaniedusforsomedistance
withtheirboat,andthenwithtearsandembraceswesepa-
rated.JuanCarvalhoremainedatTadorewithfifty-three
ofourmen :wewereforty-sevenEuropeansandthirteen
Indians.
Theking^sgovernor^camewithusasfarastheisland
ofMare :wehadhardlyarrivedtherewhenfourprahus
ladenwithwoodcameup,whichinlessthananhourwe
gotonboard.Wethentookthesouth-westcourse.
Inalltheabove-mentio&ed islandsofMalucoaretobe
foundcloves,ginger,sagu,whichistheirbreadmadeof
wood,rice,cocoa-nuts,plantains,almondslargerthanours,
sweetandbitterpomegranates, sugar-canes, oilofcocoa
andofsesame,melons,cucumbers,pumpkins, comilicai,^
whichisarefreshingfruitthesizeofawater-melon,another
fruitlikeapeachcalledguave,andothereatablevegetables.
Theyalsohavegoatsandfowls,honeyproducedbybees
notlargerthanants,whichmaketheirhivesintrunksof
trees.Therearealsoparrotsofmanykinds,andamongst
themtherearewhiteonescalledCatara,andredonescalled
^Orminister.
^AkindofAnanas. Note,Milanedition.

227. THEVICTORIASAILSALONE. 147
Nori^wMcliarethemostsoughtaftePjnotsomuchforthe
beautyoftheirplumage^asbecausetheytalkmoreclearly.
Oneoftheseissoldforabaharofcloves.
ItishardlyfiftyyearssincetheMoorsconqueredMaluco
anddweltthere.Beforethat,theseislandswereinhabited
onlybyGentiles,whodidnotcareforthecloves.There
arestillsomefamiliesofthemwhohavetakenrefugein
themountains,wheretheclovesgrow.
TheislandofTadoreisindeg.27min.Northlatitude,
and161deg.westofthelineofdemarcation
-^
itis9deg.
30min.distantfromthefirstislandofthisarchipelago,
namedZamal,tothesouth-eastandaquartersouth. T^he
islandofTarenate isin deg.40min.ofN.latitude.
Mutirisexactlyundertheequinoctialline.Machianisin
deg.15min.S.latitude,andBachianin1deg.ofthe
samelatitude. Tarenate,Tadore,Mutir,andMachian,
arelikefourhigh-andpointedmountains,^uponwhichthe
clovetreesgrow.Bachianisnotvisiblefromthesefour
islands,butitisalargerislandthananyofthose. Its
clovemountainisnotsohighnorsopointedasthoseof
theotherislands,butithasalargerbase.
(BookIVoftheMilanEdition.)
EeturnpkomtheMoluccastoSpain.
Pursuingourvoyage,afterhavingtakeninwoodatthe
isletofMare,wepassedbetweenthefollowingislands
:
—
Caioan,Laigoma, Sico,Giogi,Oafi,Laboan,^Tollman,
^Thelongitude iswrong,asusual.Note,Milanedition.
2ThevolcanoesofTernateandMachian,whichcausedsuchhavoc
inthelastcenturybytheirexplosions,didnotthenemitflamesor
smoke,sincePigafettawouldnothaveomittedtomentionthem.
*Laboan,anisletconsiderednowaspartofBachian. Note,Milan
edition.
l2

228. 148 DESCRIPTIONS OFISLANDS.
Titameti,BacMan,Latalata,Jabobi,Mata,andBatutiga.
TheytoldusthatintheislandofCafithepeopleweresmall
anddwarfedlikethePigmies ;theyhavebeensubjectedby
forcebytheKingofTadore.WepassedoutsideofBatu-
tigatothewestjandwesteeredbetweenwestandsouth-
west^andwediscoveredsomeisletstothesouth^onwhich
accountthepilotsofMalucosaiditwouldbebettertocast
anchorsoasnottodriftatnightamongmanyisletsand
shoals.We,therefore^alteredourcoursetosouth-east,and
wenttoanislandsituatedin2deg.S.latitude,andfifty-
threeleaguesfromMaluco.
ThisislandisnamedSulach;^itsinhabitantsareGentiles,
andhavenotgotaking.Theyeathumanflesh
;bothmen
andwomengonaked,exceptapieceofthebarkofatree
oftwofingers^breathbeforetheirnaturalparts.There
aremanyotherislandsaroundhereinhabitedbyanthro-
pophagi. Thesearethenamesofsomeofthem
:—Silan,
Noselao,Biga,Atulabaon,Leitimor,Tenetum,Gonda,Kaila-
ruru,MandanandBenaia.^Welefttotheeasttheislands
namedLamatolaandTenetum.
HavingruntenleaguesfromSulachinthesamedirection,
wewenttoaratherlargeislandnamedBurn,inwhichwe
foundplentyofvictuals,suchaspigs,goats,fowls,sugar-
canes,cocoa-nuts,sagu,acertainfoodoftheirsmadeofbana-
nascalledkanali,andchiacare,whichheretheycallNanga.^
Thechiacarearefruitlikewater-melons,butknottyon
1"XuUa"ofRobert'sAtlas,and"Xoula"oftheDutch.Note,
Milanedition.
2Comparingthiswithwhattheauthorwritesalittlefurtheron,there
isanotherproofthathetookdownthenamesoftheislands,andlaid
downtheirpositions,ashethoughtheunderstoodthepilotswhospoke
alanguagewhichhelittleunderstood.Heherenotestenislands,and
hehasdrawnsixwithoutnamestotheNorthofSulach,whereother
geographers alsolaydownafewislets ;butoftheseten,Tenetum
Kalairuiu,Mandan,andBenaia,areagainnamedanddrawnfurtheron
;
andLeytimorisapeninsulaattachedtoAmboina.Note,Milanedition.
3Thejackfruit,calledNaiigkathroughouttheMalayseas.

229. AMBOINA. 149
theoutside;insidetheyhavesomesmallredfruitlike
plums,theyhavenotgotastoneinthemiddle,butinstead
ofthathaveacertainpithlikeawhitebean,butlarger,
theyaretendertoeatlikechestnuts.Wefoundhereano-
therfruitwhichexternally islikeapinecone,anditis
yellow,butwhiteinside;oncutting,itissomethinglike
apear,butmuchsofterandbettertasted.Hereitiscalled
comilicai.TheinhabitantsofthisislandareGentiles,and
havenoking :theygonakedlikethoseofSulach.The
islandofBurnisin3deg.30min.S.latitude,andseventy-
fiveleaguesfromMaluco.
Totheeastofthisisland,atadistanceoftenleagues,
thereisanotheronelarger,andwhichbordersonGiailolo,
anditisnamedAmbon.^ ItisinhabitedbyMoorsand
Gentiles,buttheformerareontheseashore,andthe
othersintheinterior
;thesearealsoanthropophagi. The
productsofthisislandarethesameasthoseofBuru.
BetweenBuruandAmbon,therearethreeislandssur-
roundedbyreefsnamedYudia,KailaruruandBenaia.To
thesouthofBuru,atadistanceoffourleagues,isanother
smallislandnamedAmbalao.
Atthirty-fiveleaguesfromBuru,southandaquarter
south-west, isBandon,withthirteenotherislands.Insix
ofthemgrowmaceandnutmeg. Zoroboaisthelargest
ofthem,Chelicel,Saniananpi,Pulai,Puluru,andRasoghin,
theothersixareUnuveru,Pulanbaracan, Lailaca,Mamica,
Man,andMeut.Intheseislandsnutmegsarenotfound,
butonlysagu,rice,cocoanuts,bananas,andotherfruits,and
theyarenearoneanother.Theinhabitantsoftheseare
Moors,andhavenoking.Bandanisin6deg.ofS.lati-
tude,and163deg.30min.longitudefromthelineof
demarcation. Asthisislandwasalittleoutofourcourse,
wedidnotgotoit.
>Amboina. PigafettaappearstorefertothelargeislandofCeram.
Note,Milanedition.

230. 150 TOUCHATMALLUA.
LeavingtlieislandofBurninthedirectionsoutt-west
andaquarterwest,abouteightdegreesoflatitude/we
arrivedatthreeotherislandsneareachothernamedZolot,^
Nocemamor,andGalian.Whilstwesailedamidstthese
islands,agreatstormfelluponus,forwhichwemadeavow
ofapilgrimagetoourLadydellaGuida.Weputtheship
beforethestormandmadeforaratherhighisland,which
afterwardswelearnedwasnamedMallua,butbeforewe
couldreach it,wehadtostrugglemuchwiththesqualls
ofwindwhichdescendedfromthemountainsandwiththe
currents.Theinhabitantsofthisislandaresavages,and
morebeaststhanmen;theyeathumanflesh;theygo
naked,excepttheusualpieceofbarktocovertheirnatural
parts.Butwhentheygotofighttheywearontheback,
thebreast,andtheflanks,piecesofbuffalohide,orna-
mentedwithshells,^andboars'tusks,andtailsofgoat
skins,hangingbeforeandbehind.Theywearthehair
raisedhighupbymeansofcanecombswithlongteeth,
whichgothrough it.Theywrapuptheirbeardswith
leaves,andenclosethemincasesortubesofreed,athing
whichseemedtousveryridiculous. Inonewordthese
weretheugliestmenwehadseenintheseIndies.Both
theirbowsandarrowsaremadeofreeds,andtheycarry
theirfoodinbagsmadeofleaves.Whentheirwomen
sawustheycametowardsuswiththeirbowsdrawn,but
whenwehadgiventhemsomepresentswesoonbecame
friends.
Wepassedfifteendaysinthisislandincaulkingthe
shipwhosesideshadsuffered.Wefoundheregoats,fowls,
wax,cocoanuts,andpepper.Forapoundofoldironthey
gavefifteenpoundsofwaxorofpepper.
Therearetwokindsofpepperhere,thelongandthe
round.Thelongpepperisliketheflowerofthehazeltree
1TheMilanMS.says"longitude",whichmustbeanerrorofthe
scribe.Note,Milanedition.
-Solor.
*"Cornioli."

231. ARRIVEATTIMOR. 161
inwinter;itsplantislikeivy,andlikeitclingstotrees;its
leavesarelikethoseofthemulberrytree;itiscalledluli.
Theroundpeppergrowsliketheother,butitsfruitis
in"earslikeIndiancorn,andthegrainsarepulledoffin
thesamemanner; itiscalledlada.Thefieldshereare
fullofpepperplants.
Herewetookamantoconductustosomeislandwhere
wecouldfindplentyofvictuals.
TheislandofMalluaisin8deg.30min.S.latitude,and
169deg.40min.longitudefromthelineofdemarcation.
TheoldpilotfromMalucorelatedtous,whilstsailing,
thatinthisneighbourhood therewasanislandnamed
Aruchete,theinhabitantsofwhich,menandwomen,are
notmorethanonecubithigh,andtheyhaveearsaslarge
andaslongasthemselves,sothatwhentheyliedownone
servesthemforamattress,andwiththeothertheycover
themselves.^ Theyareshornandnaked,theirvoicesare
shrill,andtheyrunveryswiftly.Theydwellunderground,
liveonfishandacertainsubstancewhichgrowsbetween
thebarkandthewoodofatree,whichiswhiteandround
likecoriandercomfits,andwhichisnamedambulon.We
wouldhavegonetherewillingly,buttheshoalsandcur-
rentsdidnotallowofit.
Saturdaythe25thofJanuary,(1522),at22o^clock,^we
lefttheislandofMallua;andthefollowingday,havingrun
fiveleaguestothesouth-south-east,wearrivedatalarge
islandcalledTimor. Iwentashorealonetospeaktothe
headmanofavillagenamedAmaTaan,abouthisproviding
uswithvictuals.Heofferedmebuffaloes,pigs,andgoats,
butwhenitwasaquestionofthegoodswhichhewanted
inexchange,wecouldnotcometoanagreement,because
heaskedagreatdeal,andwehadgotverylittletogive.
Thenaswewereconstrainedbyhunger,wetookthe
^Strabo(Geoijr.,lib.xv).
-TheItalianmethodofreckoiiiiiytime.

232. 152 .TIMOE.
measureofdetainingonboardtheshipthechiefofanother
villagenamedBalibo,whohadcomethereingoodfaith
withasonofhis;andweimposeduponhimasaransom
forrecoveringhisliberty,togivesixbuffaloes,tenpigs,
andtengoats.He,beingmuchafraidthatweshouldkill
him,quicklygaveorderstohaveallthisbroughttous
;
andastherewereonlyfivegoatsandtwopigs,theygave
usinsteadanadditionalbuffalo.Wethensenthimashore
withhisson,andhewaswellpleasedwhenwenotonly
lefthimfree,butalsogavehimsomelinen,someIndian
clothsofsilkandcotton,somehatchets,someIndianknives,
scissors,looking-glasses,andsomeofourknives.
Thechiefman,whomIwenttospeaktofirst,hasonly
womeninhisservice ;allwerenakedlikethoseofthe
neighbouring islands,andwearintheirearssmallgold
ringswithtuftsofsilkhangingfromthem;ontheirarms
theywearmanyringsofgoldandcopper,whichoften
coverthemuptotheelbow.Themenarenakedlikethe
women,andwearattachedtotheirnecksroundplatesof
gold,andontheirheadsreedcombsornamentedwithgold
rings.Someofthem,insteadofgoldrings,woreintheir
earsdriednecksofgourds.
Inthisislandtherearebuffaloes,pigs,andgoats,ashas
beensaid;therearealsofowlsandparrotsofvarious
colours.Thereisalsorice,bananas,ginger,sugarcanes,
oranges,lemons,beansandalmonds.
Wehadapproachedthatpartoftheislandwherethere
weresomevillageswiththeirchiefsorheadmen.Onthe
othersideoftheislandarethedwellingsoffourkings,and
theirdistrictsarenamedOibich,Lichsana,Suai,andCabanaza.
Oibichisthelargestplace.Weweretoldthatinamoun-
tainnearCabanaza,verymuchgoldisfound,andits
inhabitantsbuywhatevertheywantwithsmallpiecesof
gold.Allthetradeinsandalwoodandwax,carriedon
bythepeopleofMalaccaandJava,isdonehere;and

233. TIMOR. 153
indeed^wefoundhereajunkwhichhadcomefromLozon^
totradeinsandalwood;forwhitesandalwoodonlygrows
inthiscountry.
ThesepeopleareGentiles ;weweretoldthatwhenthey
gotocutsandalwood^thedevilappearstotheminvarious
formSjandtellsthemthatiftheywantanythingthey
shouldaskhimforit
jbutthisapparitionfrightensthem
somuch,thattheyareillofitforsomedays.^Thesandal
wood iscutatacertainphaseofthemoon,anditis
assertedthatifcutatanothertimeitwouldnotbegood.
Themerchandisemostfittingforbarteringhereforsandal
woodisredcloth,linen,hatchets,iron,andnails.
Thisislandisentirelyinhabited. Itextendsalongway
fromeasttowest,andlittlefromnorthtosouth. Itssouth
latitudeisin10deg.,andthelongitude174deg.30min.
fromthelineofdemarcation.
Inalltheseislandsthatwevisitedinthisarchipelago,
theevilofSaintJobprevailed,andmoreherethaninany
otherplace,wheretheycallit
"
forfranki^^,thatistosay,
Portugueseillness.^
Weweretoldthatataday'svoyage,west-north-west
fromTimor,therewasanislandinwhichmuchcinnamon
grows,calledEndef
itsinhabitantsareGentiles,andhave
noking.Nearthisaremanyothersformingaseriesof
islandsasfarasJavaMajor,andtheCapeofMalacca.
ThenamesoftheseislandsareEnde,Tanabuton,Creno-
chile,Bimacore,Azanaran,Main,Zubava,Lombok,Chorum,
andJavaMajor,whichbytheinhabitants isnotcalled
JavabutJaoa.
1Luzon.
'Bomaresaysthatthosewhocutsandalwoodfallillfromthemiasma
exhaledbythewood.Note,Milanedition.
3AnotetotheMilaneditionsuggeststhatitwastooearlyinthe
centuryforthistobetheFrankdisease,andthatitmusthavebeen
leprosy. Thisismoreprobable.
*Ende,orFlores.

234. 154 SATIINJAVA.
InthisislandofJavaarethelai^gesttowns;theprincipSbl
ofthemisMagepaher/thekingofwhich^whenhelived,
wasthegreatestofallthekingsoftheneighbouring
islands^andhewasnamedRajaPatiunusSunda.Much
peppergrowsthere.Theothertownsare—Dahadama,
Gagiamada,Minutarangam^ Ciparafidain,Tuban,Cressi/
andOirubaya.^AthalfaleaguefromJavaMajorarethe
islandsofBali,calledJavaMinor,andMadura,theseare
ofequalsize.
TheytoldusthatinJavaMajor,itwasthecustomwhen
oneofthechiefmendied,toburnhisbody ;andthenhis
principalwife,adornedwithgarlandsofflowers,hasher-
selfcarriedinachairbyfourmenthroughoutthetown,
withatranquilandsmilingcountenance,whilstcomfoi-ting
herrelations,whoareafflictedbecausesheisgoingto
burnherselfwiththecorpseofherhusband,andencourag-
ingthemnottolament,sayingtothem,
'^
Iamgoingthis
eveningtosupwithmydearhusband,andtosleepwith
himthisnight/' Afterwards,whenclosetotheplaceof
thepyre,sheagainturnstowardstherelations,andafter
againconsolingthem,castsherselfintothefireandis
burned. Ifshedidnotdothisshewouldnotbelooked
uponasanhonourablewoman,norasafaithfulwife.
Ouroldpilotrelatedtousotherextravagantthings.He
toldusthattheyoungmenofJava....andthatin
anislandcalledOcoloro,belowJavaMajor,thereareonly
womenwhobecomepregnantwiththewind,andwhen
theybringitforth,ifthechildisamale,theykillit,and
ifafemale,theybringitup
;andifanymanvisitstheir
island,whenevertheyareabletokillhim,theydoso.
TheyalsorelatedtousthatbeyondJavaMajor,towards
thenorthintheGulfofChina,whichtheancientsnamed
SinusMagnus,thereisanenormoustreenamedCampang-
1Majapahit,
-Gresik.
*Surabaya.

235. FABULOUSSTOEIES. 155
anglii^iinwinchdwellcertainbirdsnamedGaruda,^so
largethattheytakewiththeirclaws,andcarryawayflying,
abuffalo,andevenanelephant,totheplaceofthetree,
whichplaceisnamedPuzathaer. Thefruitofthistreeis
calledBuapanganghi,andislargerthanawatermelon.
TheMoorsofBurne,whomwehadwithusintheships,
toldustheyhadseentwoofthesebirds,whichhadbeen
senttotheirkingfromthekingdomofSiam.Nojunk,
orothervessel,canapproachthistreewithinthreeorfour
leagues,onaccountofthegreatwhirlpoolswhichthewater
makesthere.Theyrelatedtous,moreover,howina
wonderfulmannerwhatisrelatedofthistreebecame
known,forajunk,havingbeencarriedtherebythewhirl-
pools,wasbrokenup,and alltheseamenperished,
exceptachildwhoattachedhimselftoaplankandwas
miraculouslybornenearthetree,uponwhichhemounted.
Thereheplacedhimselfunderthewingofoneofthese
birds,whichwasasleep,without itsperceivinghim,and
nextdaythebirdhavingtakenflightcarriedhimwith
it,andhavingseenabuffaloontheland,descendedtotake
it;thechildtookadvantageoftheopportunitytocome
outfromunderitswing,andremainedontheground.In
thismannerthestoryofthesebirdsandofthetreebe-
cameknown,anditwasunderstoodthatthosefruitswhich
arefrequentlyfoundintheseacamefromthatplace.
Weweretoldthattherewereinthatkingdom,onthe
banksoftherivers,certainbirdswhichfeed'oncarrion,
butwhichwillnottouchitunlessanotherbirdhasfirst
eatenitsheart.
TheCapeofMalaccaisin1deg.30min.ofS,latitude.
TotheeastofthatCapearemanycitiesandtowns,ofa
fewofwhichIwillnotethenames—Singapola,whichis
attheCape,Pahan,Kalantan,Patani,Bradlini,Benan,
^"Camponganghin,"theplaceofwind.
-SanscritandMalay,agriffin.

236. 156 SIAMANDCAMBODIA.
Lagon,Cheregigharan,Trombon,Joran,Ciu^Brabri^Ban-
ga,ludia,Jandibum,Laun,Langonpifa. Allthesecities
areconstructed likeours,andaresubjecttotbeKingof
SiamwboisnamedSiriZacabedera,andwhoinhabits
India.
BeyondSiamissituatedCamogia ;itskingisnamed
SaretZacabedera ;nextChiempa,thekingofwhichis
namedRajaBrahamiMartu.Theregrowstherhubarb,
anditisfoundinthismanner :mengotogetherincom-
paniesoftwentyortwenty-five,tothewoods,andatnight
ascendthetrees,bothtogetoutofthewayofthelions,
theelephants,andotherwildbeasts,andalsotobeable
bettertosmelltheodouroftherhubarbbornetothem
bythewind. Inthemorningtheygotothatquarter
whencetheyhaveperceivedthattheodourcomes,and
seekfortherhubarb tilltheyfindit.Thisistherotten
woodofalargetree,whichacquiresitsodourbyputrefac-
tion.^Thebestpartofthetreeistheroot,butthetrunk
isalsogood,whichiscalledOalama.
,ThekingdomofCocchi^liesnext,itssovereign isnamed
RajaSeriBummipala. AfterthatfollowsGreatChina,the
kingofwhichisthegreatestsovereignoftheworld,and
iscalledSantoaraja.Hehasseventycrownedkingsunder
hisdependence; andsomeofthesekingshavetenor
fifteenlesserkingsdependentonthem.Theportofthis
kingdom isnamedGuantan,^andamongthemanycities
ofthisempire,twoarethemostimportant,namelyNankin
andComlaha,wherethekingusuallyresides.
Hehasfourofhisprincipalministers closetohis
palace,atthefoursideslookingtothefourcardinalwinds,
thatis,onetothewest,onetotheeast,tothesouth,and
1Pigafettahasconfoundedrhubarbwiththedecayedwoodofatree
foundinSiam,which,whenburnt,givesaverysweetperfume,and
whichsellsatahighprice.
*Cochin. 'KwantungorCanton.

237. CHINA. 157
tothenorth.Eachofthesegivesaudiencetothosethat
comefromhisquarter. AllthekingsandlordsofIndia
majorandsuperiorobeythisking,andintokenoftheir
vassalage,eachisobligedtohaveinthemiddleofthe
principalplaceofhiscitythemarblefigureofacertain
animalnamedChinga,ananimalmorevaliantthanthe
lion;thefigureofthisanimalisalsoengravedonthe
king^sseal,andallwhowishtoenterhisportmustcarry
thesameembleminwaxorivory.
Ifanylordisdisobedient tohim,heisflayed,andhis
skin,driedinthesun,salted,andstuSed,isplacedinan
eminentpartofthepublicplace,withtheheadinclined
andthehandsontheheadintheattitudeofdoingzongu,
thatisobeisancetotheking.
Heisnevervisibletoanybody ;andifhewishestosee
hispeople,heiscarriedaboutthepalaceonapeacock
mostskilfullymanufactured,andveryrichlyadorned,with
sixladiesdressedexactlylikehimself,sothathecannot
bedistinguishedfromthem.Heafterwardspassesintoa
richly-adorned figureofaserpentcalledNaga,whichhas
alargeglassinthebreast,throughwhichheandtheladies
areseen,butitisnotpossibletodistinguishwhichisthe
king.Hemarrieshissistersinorderthathisbloodshould
notmixwiththatofothers.
Hispalacehassevenwallsroundit,andineachcircle
therearedailytenthousandmenonguard,whoarechanged
everytwelvehoursatthesoundofabell.Eachwallhas
itsgate,withaguardateachgate.Atthefirststands
amanwithagreatscourgeinhishand,namedSatuhoran^
withSatubagan ;atthesecondadogcalledSatuhain-^
atthethird,amanwithanironmace,calledSatuhoranwith
pocumbecin
f
atthefourth,amanwithabowinhishand,
calledSatuhoranwithanatpananf
atthefifth,amanwith
1"Satuorang,"oneman.
^u
Anjing,"adog.
*"Pokohbisi,"clubofiron.
*"Panah,"abow.

238. 158 CHINESEEMPEROK^SPALACE.
alance,calledSatuhoran,withtumach;^atthesixth,aliors
calledSatuhorimau j^attheseventh,twowhiteelephants
calledGagiapute.
Thepalacecontainsseventy-nine halls,inwhichdwell
onlytheladiesdestinedtoservetheking ;therearealways
torchesburningthere. Itisnotpossibletogoroundthe
palaceinlessthanaday.Intheupperpartofitarefour
hallswheretheministersgotospeaktotheking :oneis
ornamentedwithmetal,boththepavementandthewalls
;
anotherisallofsilver,anotherallofgold,andtheotheris
setwithpearlsandpreciousstones.Thegoldandother
valuablethingswhicharebroughtastributetotheking
areplacedintheserooms;andwhentheyaretheredepo-
sited,theysay.Letthisbeforthehonourandgloryofour
SantoaRaja. Allthesethings-andmanyothersrelatingto
thisking,werenarratedtousbyaMoor,whosaidthathe
hadseenthem.
TheChinesearewhite,andareclothed ;theyeaton
tableslikenis.Theyhavecrosses,butitisnotknownwhy
theyhavethem.
ItisfromChinathatmuskcomes;theanimalwhichpro-
ducesitisakindofcat,likethecivetcat
;iteatsnothing
butacertainsoftwood,slenderasafinger,namedchamaru.
Toextractthemuskfromthisanimaltheyattachaleechto
it,andleaveittillitisfullofblood,andwhentheysee
thatitiswellfilled,theycrushit,andcollectthebloodina
plate,andputitinthesunforfourorfivedays,moistening
iteverydaywithurine.Inthiswayitbecomesperfect
musk.Whoeverkeepsoneofthesecatspaysatributeto
theking.ThegrainsofmuskwhichcometoEuropeas
musk,areonlysmallpiecesofkid^sfleshsoakedinreal
1"Tombak,"alance.
2"Harimau,"atiger ;notalion.AllthesewordsareMalay,the
languageinwhichthewholeofthisinformationmusthavebeencon-
veyedtoPigafetta.

239. SAILFROMTIMOR. 159
musk,andnottheblood,sincethoughitcanbemadeinto
grains,iteasilyevaporates. Thecatwhichproducesmusk
iscalledcastor,andtheleechiscalledLinta.
ContinuingalongthecoastofChina,manynationsare
metwith,andtheyarethese :theChienchi,whoinhabit
theislandsinwhichtheyfishforpearls,andwherethe
cinnamongrows.TheLecchiiinhabitthemainland :the
entrancetotheirportistraversedbyalargerock,forwhich
reasonallthejunksandvesselswhichwishtoentermust
takedowntheirmasts.Thekingofthiscountryiscalled
Moni.Hehasonthemainlandtwentykingsunderhim,
andheissubjecttotheKingofChina :hiscapitalis
Baranaci,andhereissituatedOrientalCathay.Hanisa
highandcoldisland,wherethereiscopper,silver,pearls,
andsilk;itskingisnamedRajaZotra. Thereisalso
Miliaula,thekingofwhichisnamedRajaQuetischeniga,
andGuio,thekingofwhichisRajaSudacali.Theseplaces
arecoldandonthemainland. FriagonbaandTriangaare
twoislandswhichalsoproducecopper,silver,pearls,and
silk;theirkingisRajaRuzon. Bassiisalowlandonthe
continent. TherecomeafterwardsSumbditandPradit,
twoislandsveryrichingold,wherethemenwearalarge
ringofgoldroundtheancle.Intheneighbouringmoun-
tainsdwellpeoplewhokilltheirparentswhentheyareold,
sothattheymayceasefromtravail. Allthepeopleof
thesecountriesareGentiles.
Tuesdaynight(betweenitandWednesday,)onthe11th
ofFebruaryof1622,welefttheislandofTimor,and
entereduponthegreatseanamedLautChidol,^andtaking
awest-south-west course,welefttotherightandtothe
North,fromfearofthePortuguese,theislandofZumatra,
ancientlynamedTaprobana ;alsoPegu,Bengala,Urizza,
Chelim,wherearetheMalabars,subjectsoftheKingof
Narsinga :Calicutwhichisunderthesameking;Cambaya
•"LautKidol,"Javanese,theSouthernOcean.

240. 160 THEVICTORIADOUBLESTHECAPEOFGOODHOPE.
inwhicliaretheGuzeratis ;CananorjGoa^Armus,andall
theothercoastofIndiamajor.
Inthiskingdomdwellsixclassesofpersons,thatisto
say :Nairs, Panicals, Franas,Pangelins,Macuas,and
Poleas.TheNairsarethechiefs;thePanicalsarethe
townspeople ;thesetwoclassesliveandconversetogether.
TheFranascollectthewinefromthepalmtreesandthe
bananas.TheMacuasarefishermen
;andthePoleassow
andharvesttherice
;theselastalwaysdwellinthefields,
andneverenterthecity,andwhenitisdesiredtogive
themanything, itisplacedonthegroundandtheytakeit.
Whentheygoalongtheroadstheyalwayscryout,po,po,
po,thatistakecareofyourself;andweweretoldthata
NairwhohadbeenaccidentallytouchedbyaPolea,notto
survivesuchadisgrace,hadhimselfkilled.
InordertodoubletheCapeofGoodHope,wewentas
faras42°Southlatitude,andweremained ofi"thatcapefor
nineweeks,withthesailsstruckonaccountoftheWestern
andNorth-western galeswhichbeatagainstourbowswith
fiercesqualls.TheCapeofGoodHopeisin34°30'South
latitude,1600leaguesdistantfromtheCapeofMalacca,
anditisthelargestandmostdangerouscapeintheworld.
Someofourmen,andamongthemthesick,wouldhave
likedtolandataplacebelongingtothePortuguesecalled
Mozambique,bothbecausetheshipmademuchwater,and
becauseofthegreatcoldwhichwesufiered;andmuch
morebecausewehadnothingbutriceandwaterforfoodand
drink,allthemeatofwhichwehadmadeprovisionhaving
putrified,forthewantofsalthadnotpermittedustosaltit.
Butthegreaternumberofus,prizinghonourmorethanlife
itself,decidedonattemptingatanyrisktoreturntoSpain.
Atlength,bytheaidofGod,onthe6thofMay,we
passedthatterriblecape,butwewereobligedtoapproach
itwithinonlyfiveleaguesdistance,orelseweshouldnever
havepassed it.Wethensailedtowardsthenorth-west

241. THEVICTOEIAREACHESCAPEVEEDEISLANDS. 161
fortwowholemonthswithoutevertakingrest;andinthis
shorttimewelosttwenty-onemenbetweenChristiansand
Indians.Wemadethenacuriousobservationonthrowing
themintothesea,thatwasthattheChristiansremained
withthefaceturnedtothesky,andtheIndianswiththe
faceturnedtothesea.IfGrodhadnotgrantedusfavour-
ableweather,weshouldallhaveperishedofhunger.
Constrainedbyextremenecessity,wedecidedontouch-
ingattheCapeYerdeIslands,andonWednesdaythe9th
ofJuly,wetouchedatoneofthoseislandsnamedSt.
James's.Knowingthatwewereinanenemy'scountry,
andamongstsuspicious persons,onsendingtheboat
ashoretogetprovisionofvictuals,wechargedtheseamen
tosaytothePortuguesethatwehadsprungourfore-
mastundertheequinoctial line(although thismisfor-
tunehadhappenedattheCapeofGoodHope),and
thatourshipwasalone,becausewhilstwetriedtorepair
it,ourcaptain-generalhadgonewiththeothertwoships
toSpain.Withthesegoodwords,andgivingsomeofour
merchandise inexchange,weobtainedtwoboat-loadsof
rice.
Inordertoseewhetherwehadkeptanexactaccountof
thedays,wechargedthosewhowentashoretoaskwhat
dayoftheweekitwas,andtheyweretoldbythePortu-
gueseinhabitantsoftheislandthatitwasThursday,which
wasagreatcauseofwonderingtous,sincewithusitwasonly
Wednesday.Wecouldnotpersuadeourselvesthatwewere
mistaken ;andIwasmoresurprisedthantheothers,since
havingalwaysbeeningoodhealth,Ihadeveryday,with-
outintermission,writtendownthedaythatwascurrent.
Butwewereafterwardsadvisedthattherewasnoerror
onourpart,sinceaswehadalwayssailedtowardsthewest,
followingthecourseofthesun,andhadreturnedtothe
sameplace,wemusthavegainedtwenty-fourhours,asis
cleartoanyonewhoreflectsuponit.
M

242. 162 THEVICTORIABEACHESSEVILLE.
Theboat^havingreturnedforriceasecondtimetothe
shore,wasdetained,withthirteenmen-"^whowereinit.As
wesawthat,and,fromthemovementincertaincaravels,
suspectedthattheymightwishtocaptureusandourship,
weatoncesetsail.Weafterwardslearned,sometime
afterourreturn,thatourboatandmenhadbeenarrested,
becauseoneofourmenhaddiscoveredthedeception,and
saidthatthecaptain-generalwasdead,andthatourship
wastheonlyoneremainingofMagellan's fleet.
Atlast,whenitpleasedHeaven,onSaturdaythe6thof
September oftheyear1522,weenteredthebayofSan
Lucar
;andofsixtymenwhocomposedourcrewwhenwe
leftMaluco,wewerereducedtoonlyeighteen/andthese
forthemostpartsick.Oftheothers,somediedofhunger,
somehadrunawayattheislandofTimor,andsomehad
beencondemnedtodeathfortheircrimes.
FromthedaywhenweleftthisbayofSanLucaruntil
ourreturnthither,wereckonedthatwehadrunmorethan
fourteenthousandfourhundredandsixtyleagues,andwe
hadcompletedgoingroundtheearthfromEasttoWest.
,
Mondaythe8thofSeptember,wecastanchornearthe
moleofSeville,anddischarged alltheartillery.
Tuesday,weallwentinshirtsandbarefoot,withataper
inourhandstovisittheshrineofSt.MariaofVictory,
andofSt.MariadeAntigua.
Then,leavingSeville,IwenttoYalladolid,whereIpre-
sentedtohisSacredMajestyDonCarlos,neithergoldnor
silver,butthingsmuchmorepreciousintheeyesofso
greataSovereign. Ipresentedtohimamongotherthings,
abookwrittenbymyhandofallthethingsthathad
occurreddaybydayinourvoyage. IdepartedthenceasI
wasbestable,andwenttoPortugal,andrelatedtoKing
JohnthethingswhichIhadseen.Eeturningthrough
Spain,IcametoFrance,whereIpresentedafewthings
>SeestatementofHerrera,p.175.

243. PIGAFETTASETTLESINITALY. 163
fromtheotherhemisphere toMadamtheRegent,mother
ofthemostChristianKingDonFrancis.^ Afterwards, I
turnedtowardsItaly,whereIestablishedforevermyabode,
anddevotedmyleisureandvigilstotheveryillustrious
andnoblelord,PhilipdeVilliersLisleadam,theveryworthy
grandmasterofRhodes.
TheChevaher,
AnthoynePigaphetb.
'FrancisI.

244. TEEATISEOFNAVIGATION
CHEVALIERANTONYPIGAFETTA.
Thearmillarysphere,ofwTiiclitlieauthorgivesadraw-
ing,servestoexplainthesystemoftheworldaccordingto
Ptolemy,andcouldalsoserveasanastrolabe,foronesees
atthetopofitakindofhandleorring,bywhichtohold
itsuspended,asisseenintheabove-mentioned drawing.
Hebeginshistreatisebygivingusanideaofthatsystem,
ashavedoneallthoseafterhim,whohavewrittenofthe
elementsofthenauticalartandofpilotage.
"Theearthisround/'hesays,"andremainssuspendedand
immovable inthemidstofallthecelestialbodies. The
firstindexfixedontwopoles,thearcticandantarctic,which
aresupposedtocorrespondwiththepolesoftheearth. It
runsfromEasttoWest,andtransportswithitselfallthe
planetsandstars.Besidesthisthereistheeighthsphere,
thepolesofwhichareat23deg.33min.,^itrunsfrom
WesttoEast.
"Itissupposedthatallthecircumferenceoftheearthis
dividedinto360degrees;andeachdegreeisof17leagues
andahalf,consequentlythecircumference oftheearthis
6,300leagues. Landleaguesareofthreemilesandsea
leaguesoffourmiles.^
1Nowthedeclinationoftheecliptic,whichanswerstothepolesof
theeighthsphereofPigafetta, is23deg.28min.30sec.Note,Milan
edition.
*Supposingthatthesurfaceofthegloheundertheequatorwere

245. OFLATITUDE. 165
"Thetencirclesoftliearmillarysphere^ofwhichthesix
majorpassthroughthecenteroftheearthyservetodeter-
minethesituationofcountriesandclimates.TheEcHptic
determinesthemovementofthesunandtheplanets :the
twoTropicsindicatethepointtowhichthesundeclines
fromtheequatortowardstheNorthinsummer^andtowards
theSouthinwinter.TheMeridian,alwaysvariable,because
itpassesthrough allpointsoftheequator,cuttingitper-
pendicularly, designatesthelongitude,anditisonitthat
thelatitudesaremarked."
OfLatitude.
Afterhavingwellexplainedthearmillaryspherewithall
itsparts,andtheiruseaccordingtothesystemofPtolemy,
theauthorgoesontoteachthemethodoftakingthealti-
tudeofthepole,onwhichthelatitudeiscalculated
;fixing
thepoleat
0°andtheequatorat90°.
"ThePolarstar,"hesays,"
isnotpreciselyonthepoint
corresponding totheaxisoftheearth;butitturnsround
it,asdoalltheotherstars.Inordertoknowitstrue
positionwithregardtothepole,itmustbeobservedwhere
theGuardstars^stand. Iftheseareonthewesternarm,^
thepolarstarstandsonedegreeabovethepole :ifthey
halflandandhalfsea,andthengivingtoeachleaguethreeandahalf
miles,weshouldhave22,050milesforthecircumference oftheearth :
ameasureverylittledifferingfromthatwhichresultsfromgivingto
eachdegreeattheequatorsixtyItalianmiles,bywhichthecircum-
ferenceis21,600miles.Note,Milanedition.
1Theguardstarsarej3andyofUrsaMinor,whichformatriangle
withthepoleandpolestar;now7ofthebeltofCassiopeia isused.
Note,Milanedition.
2Thismeansthearmoftheinstrumentused;itmightbethemete-
oroscopeofRegiomontano,whichhadacrossinthemiddle :oranastro-
labelikeit;orthecommonastrolabewithadioptron,ormediclino,as
Pigafettacallsit,placedontheequator. Note,Milanedition.

246. 166 OFLATITUDE.
areontheline^thepolestarstands3deg.30min."below
thepole :iftheyareontheeasternarrathepolestarisone
degreebelowthepole.Whenonewishestotakethe
altitudeofthepolestar,inwhicheveroftheabove-men-
tionedfourplacestheGuardstarsmaybe_,thedegrees
whichthepolestarhasabovethepolewillbesubtracted
fromitsaltitude,orthosewhichithasbelowthepolewill
beaddedtoit.Ihavespokenintheaccountofthevoyage
ofthestarsoftheAntarcticPole.
"Thelatitudeoftheplacemayalsobeascertainedby
thesun^saltitude. 1.Ifyoufindyourselfbetweenthe
equinoctialandthearcticpoleandtheshadowfallstowards
thatpole,lookhowmanydegreesandminutesmeridianal
declinationthesunhasthatday;andthisyouwillsubtract
fromthealtitudeofthesunwhichyouhavetaken :after-
wards,deductingtheremainingdegreesfrom90deg.,you
willhaveintheresiduethenumberofdegreesofNorth
latitude,thatisyourdistancefromtheequator. 2.If
thesunhasaborealdeclination,insuchamannerthatthe
shadowfallstowardsthesouth,takethesunn'sdeclination
onthatday,andaddittothesun^saltitudewhichyou
havetaken,fromthatsumsubtract90degs.,andthe
remainingdegreeswillindicateyourboreallatitude. 3.If
thesunisbetweentheequinoctialandtheantarctic,and
theshadowfallstowardstheantarctic,observethesun^sde-
clinationforthatday,subtract itfromthealtitudetaken,
accordingtothefirstrule,andyouwillhavethedegreesof
southlatitude. 4.If,whenyouandthesunarebetween
theequinoctialandtheantarcticpole,theshadowfallsto-
1Thatisthemeridian linefromthepoletotheequator. Note,
Milanedition.
•2Thoughtheradiusofthecirclewhichthepolestargoesroundis
nowlittlemorethanadegreeandahalf,inthetimeofPigafettaitwas
3deg.17min.37sec,sothatifhereckoned itat3deg.30min.itis
wonderfulthatheshouldhavemadesosmallanerror,notwithstanding
theimperfectionofhisinstruments. Note,Milanedition.

247. OFLONGITUDE. 167
wardsthenortlijyouwilladdthealtitudeyouhavetakento
thesun'sdeclination thatday^andactaccordingtothe
secondrule. 5.Whenyouhaveanaltitudeof90deg.,you
willbesomanydegreesdistantfromtheequatorasthere
aredegreesofthesun'sdeclination,andifthesunhasno
declinationyouwillbeundertheequator. 6.Ifyouareto
thenorthoftheequator,andthesunisinthesouthern
signsyouwilllookwhatisitsdeclination,youwilladdthese
degreesofdeclinationtothoseofthealtitudeobserved,and
asmanydegreesasarewantingfrom90deg.,somanywill
youbedistantfromtheequinoctial. 7.Youwilldothe
samewhenyoufindyourselftothesouthoftheequinoctial,
whilstthesunisinthenorthernsigns.
"OfLongitude.
"Longitudeindicatesthedegreesfromeasttowest :I
haveconsideredmanymethodsormeansforascertaining it,
andIhavefoundthreemethods^fittingforthatobject.
Thelastisthemostconvenientforthosewhodonotknow
astrology.Atthepresenttimethepilotscontentthem-
selveswithknowingthelatitude ;andaresoproudthat
theywillnothearspeakoflongitude.
"
I.Fromthelatitudeofthemoonthelongitudeiscalcu-
latedoftheplaceinwhichtheobservation ismade.The
distanceofthemoonfromtheeclipticiscalleditslatitude :
theeclipticisthepathofthesun.Themoon,initsmove-
ment,alwaysincreases itsdistanceuntilitreachesthe
furthestpointofitsdistance :andthenceitreturnsback,
todiminish,sotosay,itslatitude,untilitiswiththehead
ortailofthedragon
:^thereitcutstheecliptic.Andsince
^Thesethreemethodsareprobablythosewhich,accordingtoCas-
taiieda,FaleirotaughttoMagellan, Note,Milanedition.
2Thatistosay,theknotwheretheorbitofthemooncutsthe
ecliptic. Note,Milanedition.

248. 168 OFLONGITUDE.
themoon,whilstitlengthensitsdistancefromtheecliptic,
hasmoredegreestowardsthewestthantowardstheeast,
itmustnecessarilyhavemorelatitudeononeside{ofthe
globe)thanontheother:andwhenthelatitudeisknown,
bymeasuringthedegreesandminuteswiththeastrolabe,
itwillbeknownwhetheritisfound,andhowfaritisfound
towardstheeastorthewest.Butinordertoascertain
thelongitude,youmustknowinwhatlatitudethemoon
oughttobeatthatsamemomentintheplacefromwhich
yousailed,forinstance,inSeville.Byknowingthelati-
tudeandlongitudeofthemoonatSevilleindegreesand
minutes,andseeingalsothelatitudeandlongitudewhich
ithasintheplacewhereyouare,youwillknowhowmany
hoursandminutesyouaredistantfromSeville ;andafter-
wardsyouwillcalculatethedistanceineastorwestlongi-
tude.
"
II.Themoonfurnishesanothermethodforascertaining
thelongitude,butthatiswhenIknewtheprecisehourin
whichthemoonobservedatSevilleoughttobeinconjunc-
tionwithagivenstarorplanet,oroughttobeinacertain
oppositiontothesun,ofwhichthedegreesaredetermined:
andthisIcanknowbymeansofanalmanack.Andsince
thathappensintheeastbeforeithappensinthewest,as
manyasmaybethehoursandminutesthatmayelapse
fromthetimewhentheconjunctiontookplaceatSeville,
tillthetimeinwhichIobserveittotakeplace,somuch
willbemylongitudewestofSeville.ButifIshouldsee
theconjunctiontakeplacebeforethehourinwhichitought
tohappenwithrespecttoSeville,thenmydistanceinlongi-
tudewillbeeast.Foreachhour,fifteendegreesoflongitude
arecalculated.
"Tounderstand thisdoesnotrequireanygreatgenius.
Itshouldbeborneinmindthatthemoonhasamotion
opposedtothegeneralmotionoftheheavens ;thatis,it
goesfromwesttoeast,andineverytwohoursitprogresses

249. OFLONGITUDE. 169
adegreeandafewminutes ;andsinceitisintliefirst
heaven,andthestarsareintheeighth,itcertainlynever
entersinconjunctionwiththem;butsometimes itinter-
posesitselfbeforetherayswhichcomefromthemtoour
eye :butthisdoesnothappenat
D
thesametimetothosewhoareat
j\
Seville,andtothosewhoareatValen-
/;
cia.Theannexedfigurewillgivean
/
;
ideaofthis^fromwhichitisseenthat
therayofthestardisintercepted
bythemooncforthosewhoareat
A,andnotforthosewhoareatb,for
whom itwasinterceptedwhenthe
moonwasate.
"
III.Thecompasscanalsosupply
amethod_,stilleasier^forfindingthe
longitudeoftheplaceinwhichyou
are. Itisknownthatthecompass,
orthemagnetisedneedlewhichisinit,directsitselftoa
givenpoint,becauseofthetendencywhichtheloadstone
hastowardsthepole.Thereasonofthistendency is
becausetheloadstonedoesnotfindintheheavensany
otherspotinreposeexceptthepole,andonthataccount
directsitselftowards it. Thisisanexplanation ofthe
phenomenonwhichIpropose ;andIbelieveittobetrue,
solongasexperiencedoesnotinformusofsomebetterex-
planation.
"Inordertoknow,bymeansoftheneedle,thedegreesof
longitude,formalargecircle,inwhichplacethecompass,
anddivideitinto360deg. :andhavingplacedtheneedle
at360deg.,whereitindicatesthearcticpole ;whenthe
needleisinrepose,drawathread,whichshouldpassfrom
thearcticpole,pointedoutbytheneedletotheantarctic
pole,andletthisthreadbelongerthanthediameter.After
thattakethesouth,whichyouwillknowbythegreatest

250. 170 OPLONGITUDE.
altitudeofthesun.Turnthecompass,untilthethi^ead
whichtraversesitcoincideswiththedirectionofthemeri-
dianshade;then,fromtheantarcticpoleoftheneedle,with
thethreadwhichremainedover,drawanotherthreadto
thearcticpole,thatis,totheflower;^andyouwillthus
findhowmanydegreestheneedleofthecompassisdistant
fromthemeridian line,thatis,fromthetruepole.So
manywillbethedegreesoflongitude,whichyouwillhave
fromtheplacewherethecompassbeginstosetitselfin
motion." Therefore,withthemoreaccuracyyoutakethe
truemeridiansomuchthemoreexactlywillyoubeableto
ascertainthedegreesoflongitude.Andfromthisitmay
beseenthatthemeridianshouldneverbetakenwiththe
compass,because itnorth-eastsornorth-wests,^assoonas
itgoesoutofthetruemeridian ;buttakeanobservation
ofthesouth'*withtheastrolabe,andjudgethatitismid-
daywhenthesunisatitsgreatestheight..
"Ifitisnotpossibletotakethesun^saltitudeatmidday,
thatcanbedeterminedwithanhour-glassofsand,taking
thehoursofthenightfromsunsettillthemomentofits
rising.Havinglearnedthehoursofthenight,youwill
knowhowmanyarewantingofthetwenty-four,andthese
youwilldivideintotwoequalparts.Whenhalfofthishas
elapsed,besurethatitismidday,andthattheshadowin-
dicatestoyouthetruemeridian.Butsincethesandclock
mayoftenbeinexact,itwillbebettertotakethesun^salti-
tudewiththeastrolabebymeansofitsmediclino.^
1Thefleur-de-lysplacedatthenorth,
2Thatis,whereitcoincideswiththemeridianandbeginstodeviate
orvary.Note,Milanedition.
3Thatis,varieseastorwest. *Orofmidday.
^Idonotfindanymentionofthew.ediclinoinanywriterofthetimes
nearthatofPigafettawhohavetreatedoftheastrolabe,suchasEegio-
montanus,Appianus,GimmaFrisius,Danti,Clavius,etc. ;butfrom
whatourauthorsayshereandelsewhere, itappearsthatthemedicHno
isthatmovablerule,fixedonthecentreoftheastrolabe,whichturns

251. OFLONGITUDE. 171
"Thetruemeridianmayalsobeascertained^orratherthe
equinoctialline,whichcutsthemeridianatrightangles,by
observingthepointswherethesunrisesandsets,andby
observinghowmuchtheyaredistantfromtheequinoctial
eithertothenorthortothesouth.Forthispurposean
astrolabeisformedwiththeglobe ;thatis,acircleismade
representing theearth^scircumference, dividedinto360
deg.Atsunrisefixtwopinsinthecircumference, insuch
amannerthatahnedrawnfromonetotheothershould
passthroughthecentre,andplacethepinssothatboth
shouldbeinalineoppositethesun'scenter. Placetwo
otherpinsinthesamewayinthecircumferencewhenthe
sunsets.Youwillthusseehowmuchthesundecliaes
fromtheequinoctialline,eithertothenorthortothesouth.
Andasmanydegreesasthepinsaredistantfromtheequi-
noctial,somanydegreesarethesun'sdeclination.Having
foundthesun'srisingandsetting,youwillalsofindthe
mediumdistance ;thatis,themeridianline,andafterwards
youwillseehowmuchthecompassormagneticneedle
north-eastsornorth-wests. Youwillinferfromthishow
faryouarefromtheFortunateislands;thatis,fromTenerife
towardstheeastorthewest.Thismethodhasbeentried
byexperience.-'-
roundit,andisnamedsometimesalhidade,ordioptron,ortraguardo,
orlineadifiducia, Note,Milanedition.
1Amoretti,inhisintroductiontothisTreatiseofNavigation,inthe
Milanedition,observesthatFigafetta"wasmisledbyafalsetheorywhen
hesupposesthatthereisintheheavensapointinreposetowhichthe
magneticneedletends,butthattheexactdirectionofthemagnetic
needlecoincided,oratleastapproximated, tothemeridianoftheisleof
Ferro,whichisnotnowthecase ;andthatinsomeotherplacesthe
variationsofthecompasshadbeenobservedtocorrespondwiththatof
thelongitude.Bythetableofvariationsofthecompasspublishedby
LambertintheEphemerides ofBerlin(^Astronomische Jalirhucli)for
theyear1779,itisseenbyaneasycalculationthatatthebeginningof
thesixteenthcenturythemagneticequatororzeroofdeviationwas
veryneartheisleofTenerife.Nowitisfurtheroff,andthedistance

252. 172 OFLAYINGTHESHIP'sCOURSE.
"DirectionoftheShip.
"
Ifyouwishtonavigatetoanyplace,youmustfirstknow-
itsposition
;thatis,itslatitudeandlongitude. Then,by
meansofthecompassyouwillpointdirectlytothatplace.
Andsincethecompassvariestoeastandwest,youmust,by
themethodsabovedescribed,ascertain itsvariation,and
subtractoraddthatwhichisnecessary,sothattheship's
head,regulatedbythecompass,mayhavetherequired
direction.
"Shouldthecompassbelost,orifitsvariationeastorwest
isnotknown,youmayregulateyourselfbythesunatmid-
day.Whenyouhavefixedthemeridianinsuchamanner
thatitcutstheshipinitswidth,itwillbeeasytodirect
theprowwhereveryouwish.Hereisanexample:suppose
youwishtogofromnorth-east tosouth-west,placethe
chartinsuchmannerthattheshipshouldhaveherheadto
westandthepooptotheeast;thenonthecircleofthe
winds,dividedinto360,orinfourtimes90,fixtwopins,
oneat45degreesbetweeneastandnorth,theotherat45
degreesbetweenwestandsouth;bringthetwopinsonthe
lineofthemeridianbyturningtheship^sheadforthat
purpose,andtheprowwillbedirectedtotheplacetowhich
youaregoing. Ifthepinsdonotcomeinalinewiththe
meridian, itisasignthatyouarenavigatinginafalse
direction,andyoumustrectifythecourse.Whenyou
reachland,youwillseethatwhatIhavesaidistrue.
"Withanastrolabemadewithplates,^observationsmay
betakenofthemeridianline,thepoles,andtheequinoctial
increases.M.deBougainvillefoundtherethedeviationtothewestto
be14deg.41min. ;andStaunton,thecompanionofLordMacartney,
foundittobe17deg.35min.
^Wehavetwoasti'olabesinourmuseumconstructedwithseveral
plates :oneisofbrass,andanotherofcard,formoreeasymanipulation.
Note,Milanedition.

253. OFLAYINGTHESHIFTSCOURSE. 173
line,atanyhourofthedayornight,lookingatthemoon
oranystar;andforthese,placeinthemiddleoftheastro-
labeinsteadoftheverghezitaorsight,^twostraightbars
betweenwhichyouwillobservethestar."
Thusthemethodbeingknownbywhichtherequired
directionisgiventotheship,theauthorteachesthemethod
fordeterminingthepointordegreeonthechartofthe
winds,^towhichtheshiponleavingaplacetogotoagiven
countryshouldbedirected.Forclearness,hegivessome
examplesofthis."Doyouwish,"hesays,"togofromsouth
tonorth,orviceversa,onthesamelongitude?alwayspro-
ceedonthesamemeridian. Doyouwishtogofrom
easttowest,orviceversa,inthesamelatitude?always
proceedonthesameparallel.Doyouwishtogofrom
oneplacetoanotherasmanydegreesdistantinlongi-
tudeasitisdifferentinlatitude?Thentakethecourseof
45degreeseithertothesouth-westorsouth-east,ornorth-
westornorth-east. Ifthelatitudeisgreaterthanthe
longitude,thenaddtothe45degreesasmanydegreesto-
wardsthenearestpole,asthenumberofdegreesbywhich
thelatitudeexceedsthelongitude. Forinstance,ifIwish
togofromCapeSt.VincenttoCapeBojador,Ireckon
thedegreesoflongitudeandthoseoflatitudetoknowthe
differencebetweenthesetwocapes.Ifindthatthedegrees
oflongitudearefiveandahalf,andthoseoflatitudeare
eleven,fromwhichIsubtractthedegreesoflongitudeand
thereremain5deg.30min.Then,insteadofgoinginthe
directionoffromnorth-easttosouth-west(asIshoulddoif
thelongitudewereequaltothelatitude),Igofrom5deg.30
min.abovenorth-easttowardsnorth,to5deg.30min.below
south-westtowardssouth.Ifthelongitudeisgreaterthanthe
latitude,thelessernumberisstillsubtractedfromthegreater;
andthedirectionwillbe45deg.afterdeductingtheresidue.
'"Traguardo,"levelortraverser.
^"Rosadeiventi."

254. 174 OPLAYINGTHESHIp'sCOURSE.
Forinstance,doyouwanttogofromtheislandofFerro
toGuadeloupe
;youknowthatthefirstisin27deg.lati-
tudeandthesecondin15deg.;thentaketheirdifference,
whichis12deg. :lookatthemapfortheirlongitude,and
youseethatFerroisin1deg.andGuadeloupe in45deg.,
whencetheirdifference is44deg. :subtractfromthese
the12deg.residueoflatitude,andthereremain32deg.
Thenyoumustsubtractthese32deg.from45deg,,and
therewillremain13deg.Thereforeyourcoursewillbe
fromnorth-east13deg.northtosouth-west13deg.south.
"DirectionoptheWinds.
"Theroseofthewinds,dividedinto360deg.,willgive
aclearerideaofwhathasbeenheresaid;itbeingwell
understoodthatthepilotmustplacethecenterofthewinds
onthepointfromwhichhestarts,orfromwhichhetakes
thecourse,andhemustfixthepoletothetruepoleob-
servedfromthesun,andnottrustingtothecompass,which
north-eastsornorth-wests.
"Then,toascertainwhencecomesthewind,placealittle
stickwithalittlesaiPinthecentreofyourroseorcircleof
winds,dividedinto360deg.,andplacedinsuchamanner
thatnorthandsouthstandonthetrueSolarmeridian.
Thedirectionofthevanemovedbythewindwillindicate
exactlywhichwindblows :ontheequinoctial iseastand
west;at45deg.thereisnorth-east,south-west,north-west,
andsouth-east ;at22|deg.towardsnorthyouhavenorth-
north-east,andsoonwiththeothers.'^
^Orflag,asappearsfromthedrawing.

255. NAMESOFTHEFIRSTCIRCUMNAVIGATORS.
Hbrrbra(Decadeiii^lib.iv^cap.4)mentionsthearrivalof
theVictoria,andsaysthatanaccountantandthirteenCas-
tilianshadremainedbehind,arrestedatCapeVerde,and
thattheKingofPortugaFsfactorsentthemontoLisbon
inashipwhichcameatthattimefromCalicut.
Herrerathengivesthenamesofthosewhocameinthe
Victoria,andwhowenttoCourt.Theywere
—
1.MigueldeRodas,master.
2.MartindeInsaurraga,pilot.
3.MigueldeRodas,seaman.
4.NicolasGriego.
6.JuanRodriguez.
6.VascoGallego(Portuguese).
7.MartindeJudicibus.
8.JuandeSantander.
9
.
HernandodeBustamante,
10.AntonioLombardo
(
Pigafeita)
.
11.FranciscoRodriguez.
12.AntonioFernandez,
13.DiegoGallego.
14.JuandeArratia.
15.JuandeApega.
16.JuaudeAcurio.
17.JuandeZubieta.
18.LorenzodeIruna.
19.JuandeOrtega.
20.PedrodeIndarchi.
21.RugerCarpintete.
22.PedroGasco.
23.AlfonsoDomingo,seaman.
24.DiegoGarcia.
25.PedrodeValpuesta,
26.XimenodeBargos.
27.JuanMartin.
28.MartindeMagallanes.
29.Francisco Alvaro(probably
Albo,thepilot).
30.RoldandeArgote(fromwhom
mustbenamedthemountain,
whichintheStraitofMa-
gellan, isnowcalledthe
CampanadeRoldan).
31.JuanSebastiandelCano.
Thisnumber,31,willagreewithPigafetta's 13,whore-
mainedatCapeVerde,and18wholandedfromtheVictoria.
SebastiandelCanowasverywellreceivedbytheem-
peror,andHerreramentionsthesafearrivalofsomeofthe
MoluccaIndians :"Oneofwhom/'hesays,"wassosharp,

256. 176 STATEMENTOFHEERERA.
thattliefirstthinghedidwastoinquirehowmanyrealsa
ducatwasworthyandarealhowmanymaravedises,and
howmuchpepperwasgivenforamaravedi ;andhewent
fromshoptoshoptogetinformationofthevalueofspices^
andwiththishegavecausethathedidnotreturntohis
country,althoughtheothersreturned." Thisprobably
meansthathewasnotallowedtoreturn,lestheshould
raisethepriceofspicesintheMoluccaIslands.

259. ORDEROFTHEDAYOFMAGELLAN,
GivenintheStraits,vjJiichfellintothehandsoftheFortu-
guese,alongwiththePapersoftheAstrologer
AndeesdeSanMartin^attheMoluccas :
taJcenfromBaeeos,Decadein,
Liv.Y,Co^iJ.19.
"IFeefandeMagalhabs^ KniglitoftheOrderofSt.
James,andcaptain-general ofthisfleet,whichhismajesty
sentforthediscoveryofthespices,etc.Imakeknownto
you,DuarteBarbosa,captainoftheshipVictoria,andtothe
pilots,masters,andquarter-masters ofthatship,asIhave
understoodthatitseemstoyouallaseriousmatter,thatI
amdeterminedtogoforward,becauseitseemstoyouthat
theweatherislittlefittedforthisvoyageonwhichweare
going
jandinasmuchasIamamanwhoneverrejectedthe
opinionorcounselofanyone,butratherallmyaffairsare
discussedandcommunicated generallytoall,withoutany
personbeingaffrontedbyme;andsince,becauseofthat
whichhappenedintheportofS.Julianwithrespectto
thedeathofLuisdeMendo^a,GaspardeQuexada,andthe
banishment ofJuandeCartagenaandPeroSanchesde
Reina,thepriest,you,fromfear,desistfromtellingme,
andcounselling allthatmayappeartoyoutobeforthe
serviceofhismajesty,andthesafeconduct'ofthisfleet,
andyouhavenottolditmenorcounselled it:youerrin
theserviceoftheemperorandkingoursovereign,andgo
againsttheoathandplightedhomagewhichyouhavemade
tome;forwhichIcommandyouonthepartofthesaid
N

260. 178 OKDEROPTHEDAYOPMAGELLAN.
sovereign,andonmypartbeseecliyouandchargeyou,
thatwith,respecttoallthatyouthinkisfittingforour
voyage,bothastogoingforward,andastoturningback,
thatyougivemeyouropinionsinwritingeachoneforhim-
self:declaringthecircumstancesandreasonswhyweought
togoforwardorturnback,nothavingrespecttoanything
forwhichyoushouldomittotellthetruth.Withwhich
reasonsandopinions,Iwillsaymine,andmydecisionfor
comingtoaconclusionastowhatwehavetodo.Donein
theChannelofAllSaints,oppositetheriveroftheislet,on
Wednesday,twenty-firstofNovember,infifty-threedegrees,
oftheyearonethousandfivehundredandtwenty.*^
AndresdeSanMartinreplied,givinghisopinionthat,
thoughhedoubtedtherebeinganyopeninginthechannel
bywhichtogototheMoluccas,yethethoughttheyshould
goforwardtillthemiddleofJanuary,aslongasthesum-
merandlongdayslasted.
Magellan,havingreceivedthisandtheotheropinions,
whichhehadaskedforonlytopleaseandcontenthispeople,
gaveafullanswer,withlongreasonsforgoingforward
;
andhesworebythehabitofSt.James,whichhewore,that
soitseemedtohimtobeforthegoodofthefleet.This
opinionwasnotifiedtothefleet,andnextdayhesetsail.

261. ALETTEE
PEOM
MAXIMILIANUSTHANSYLYANUS
TOTHE
MOSTREVERENDCARDINALOFSALZBURG,
VERTDELIGHTFULTOREAD,
CONCEENINaTHEMOLUCCAISLANDS,ANDALSOMANY
OTHERWONDERS,WHICHTHELATESTVOYAGEOF
THESPANIARDSHASJUSTDISCOVERED.
(THETITLEINRAMUSIO'SCOLLECTIONRUNSTHUS)—
ALetterofMaximilianusTransylvanus,SecretarytoHisMajestythe
Emperor,writtentotheMostIllustriousandReverendLord
theCardinalofSalzburg,concerningthewonderfuland
astonishingVoyagemadebytheSpaniardsinthe
Year1619,roundtheWorld.
N2

263. DISCOURSEOF
M.GIOVANNIBATTISTARAMUSIO
UPONTHE
VOYAGEMADEBYTHESPANIARDSROUNDTHEWORLD.
ThevoyagemadebytheSpaniardsroundtheworldinthe
spaceofthreeyearsisoneofthegreatestandmostmarvel-
lousthingswhichhavebeenheardofinourtimes;and,
althoughinmanythingswesurpasstheancients,yetthis
expeditionfarexcelseveryotherthathasbeenmadeuptill
now.ThevoyagewasdescribedveryminutelybyPeter
Martyr,whobelongedtotheCounciloftheIndiesofHis
MajestytheEmperor,andtowhomwasentrustedtheduty
ofwritingthishistory;andbyhimwereexaminedallthose
whoremainedaliveofthatexpedition,andwhoreached
Sevilleintheyear1522.But,asitwassenttobeprinted
inRome,itwaslostinthemiserablesackingofthatcity
;
andnothingisknownevennov/astowhereitis.Andhe
T\^hosawit,andreadit,bearstestimonytothesame;and,
amongstotherthingsworthyofrecollectionthattheafore-
saidPeternotedconcerningthevoyage,wasthis,thatthe
Spaniards,havingsailedaboutthreeyearsandonemonth,
andthegreaterpartofthem,asisusualamongstseafaring
men,havingnoteddownthedaysofthemonthsonebyone,
found,whentheyarrivedinSpain,thattheyhadlostaday,
forthedayonwhichtheyarrivedatSeville,whichwasthe
7thofSeptember,was,bytheirreckoning,the6th.And
theaforesaidPeterhavingmentioned thispeculiaritytoa
certainexcellentandextraordinaryman,whowasatthat

264. 182 DISCOURSEOPRAMUSIO.
timeambassador forhisRepublictoHisMajesty;and,
havingaskedbimbowitcouldbe,be,wbowasagreat
pbilosopberandlearnedinGreekandLatinliterature,so
tbatforbissingularlearningandrareexcellence,bewas
afterwardspromotedtomucbbigberrank,gavethisex-
planation :Tbatitcouldnothavefallenoutotherwise,as
theyhadtravelledforthreeyearscontinuouslyandalways
accompaniedthesun,whichwasgoingwestward.Andhe
toldhimbesides,tbatthosewhosailedduewestwardsto-
wardsthesun,lengthentheirdayverymuch,astheancients
alsobadnoticed.Now,thebookoftheaforesaidPeter
havingdisappeared,Fortunehasnotallowedthememory
ofsomarvellousanenterprisetobeentirelylost,inasmuch
asacertainnoblegentlemanofVicenzacalledMesser
AntonioPigafetta(wbo,havinggoneonthevoyageand
returnedintheshipVittoria,wasmadeaKnightofRhodes),
wroteaveryexactandfullaccountofitinabook,onecopy
ofwhichbepresentedtoHisMajestytheEmperor,and
anotherbesenttothemostSereneMotherofthemost
ChristianKing,theLadyRegent.Sheentrustedtoanex-
cellentParisianphilosophercalledJacomoFabre,wbobad
studiedinItaly,theworkoftranslating itintoFrench.^
Thisworthyperson,Isupposetosavehimselftrouble,made
onlyasummaiyofit,leavingoutwhatseemed fittohim
;
andthiswasprinted,veryincorrectly,inFrance,andhas
nowcomeintoourbands;andalongwithitaletterfrom
onecalledMaximilianusofTransylvania,asecretaryofHis
MajestytheEmperor,tothemostReverendCardinalof
Salzburg.Andthiswehavewishedtoaddtothisvolume
oftravels,asoneofthegreatestandmostremarkabletbat
therehaseverbeen,andoneatwhichthosegreatphiloso-
phersofold,hearingofit,wouldhavebeenstupifiedand
besidethemselves.AndthecityofYicenzamaywellboast,
amongtheothercitiesofItaly,thatinadditiontoitsnobility
1ItwaswritteninFrench. SeeIntroduction.

265. DISCOURSE0¥EAMUSIO. 183
andhigh,qualities ;inadditiontoitsmanyrareandexcel-
lentgeniuses^bothinlettersandarms,therehasbeena
gentlemanofsuchcourageastheaforesaidMesserAntonio
Pigafetta,whohascircumnavigated thewholeglobe,and
hasdescribed itsoexactly.Thereisnodoubtthatthe
ancientswouldhaveerectedastatueofmarbletohim,and
wouldhaveplaceditinanhonourableposition,asamemo-
rialandexampletoposterityofhisgreatworth,andin
acknowledgment ofsostupendousanenterprise.Butif,in
thisletterorinthesummary,therebeseenanydiscrepancy
ofnamesorthings,letnoonebeastonished; forthebent
ofmen^smindsisvarious,andonenoticesonethingand
oneanother,justasthethingsappearmostdeservingof
attention. Letitsuffice if,intheprincipalthingsthey
agree,andmanypartswhichareleftoutinonecanberead
atlengthintheother.Fabulousstories,too,arenotedfor
whattheyare.Thismaybesafelyaffirmedbyanyone,that
theancientsneverhadsuchaknowledgeoftheworld,
whichthesungoesroundandexamineseverytwenty-four
hours,aswehaveatpresent,throughtheindustryofthe
menoftheseourtimes.
MostReverendandIllustriousLord,myonlyLord,toyou
Imosthumblycommendmyself.
OneofthosefiveshipshaslatelyreturnedwhichOaesar
sentinformeryears,whenhewaslivingatSaragossa,toa
strange,andforsomanyages,anunknownworld,inorder
tosearchfortheislandswherespicesgrow.Forthough
thePortuguesebringagreatquantityofthemfromthe
GoldenChersonesus,whichwenowsupposetobeMalacca,
yettheirownIndiesproducenothingbutpepper.Other
spiceSjsuchascinnamon,cloves,andthenutmeg,which

266. 184 OPINIONOPTEEANCIENTSASTOSPICES.
wecallmuscat,anditscovering(mace)^whichwecallmus-
catflower,arebroughttotheirownIndiesfromdistant
islands tillnowonlyknownbyname,andinshipswhich
arefastenedtogethernotbyironbutbypalmleaves.The
sailsoftheseshipsareroundandwoven,too,ofthepalm-
fibre.Thissortofshipstheycalljunks,andtheyonlyuse
themwithawinddirectlyforeandaft.
Itisnowonderthattheseislandsshouldbeunknown
toanyhumanbeingsalmostuptoourtime.Forwhat-
everwereadconcerningthenativesoilofthespiceshas
beentoldusbyancientauthors,andispartly,certainly,
fabulous ;and,partly,sofarfromthetruth,thateventhe
verycountriesinwhichtheysaidthattheygrewnaturally,
arebutlittlelessdistantfromthosewhere itisnow
knownthattheygrow,thanweare.Fortoomitothers,
Herodotus,inotherrespectsamostfamedauthor,hassaid
thatcinnamon isfoundinbirds^nests,towhich.thebirds
havebrought itfrommostdistantregions,andspecially
thePhoenix,andIknownotwhohasseenhisnest.But
Pliny,whothoughthimselfabletogivemorecertainin-
formation,because,beforehistime,manythingshadbeen
madeclearbythevoyagesofthefleetsofAlexanderthe
Grreatandofothers,relatesthatcinnamongrowsin..Ethio-
piaonthebordersofthelandoftheTroglodytaB,whilst
nowitisknownthatcinnamonisproducedveryfarfrom
anypartofEthiopia,andspeciallyfromtheTroglodytes
(thatis,thedwellersinsubterranean caverns).Butour
men,whohavenowreturned,andwhowereperfectlyac-
quaintedwith-Ethiopia,havebeenobligedtomakeacom-
pletecircuitoftheworld,andthataverywideone,before
theycouldfindtheislandsandreturn.Asthisvoyagemay
beconsideredmarvellous,andnotonlyunaccomplished,but
evenunattemptedeitherinourageorinanypreviousone,
IhaveresolvedtowriteastrulyaspossibletoyourE,eve-
rencethecourse(oftheexpedition)andthesequenceofthe

267. THEpope'slineOFDEMARCATION. llJ^
wholematter. Ihavetakencaretohaveeverythingrelated
tomemostexactlybythecaptainandbytheindividual
sailorswhohavereturnedwithhim.Theyhavealsorelated
eachseparateeventtoCeesarandtootherswithsuchgood
faithandsincerity,thattheyseemednotonlytotellnothing
fabulousthemselves,butbytheirrelationtodisproveand
refuteallthefabulousstorieswhichhadbeentoldbyold
authors.ForwhocanbelievethatthesewereMonosceli,
Scyopodge, Syrit^_,Spitamei^Pygmies,andmanyothers,
rathermonstersthanmen.Andassomanyplacesbeyond
theTropicofCapricornhavebeensought,found,andcare-
fullyexamined,bothbytheSpaniardsinthesouth-west
andbythePortuguese sailingeastwards,andasthere-
mainderofthewholeworldhasnowbeensailedoverbyour
countrymen,andyetnothingtrustworthyhasbeenheard
concerningtheseman-monsters, itmustbebelievedthatthe
accountsofthemarefabulous,lying,andoldwomen'stales,
handeddowntousinsomewaybynocredibleauthor.
ButlestI,whohavetotraveloverthewholeworld,should
seemtoodiffuseinmyintroduction,Ireturntomystory.
When,nearlythirtyyearsago,theSpaniardsinthewest,
andthePortuguese intheeast,begantosearchfornew
andunknownlands,theirtwokings,lestoneshouldbea
hindrancetotheother,dividedthewholeglobebetween
thembytheauthority,mostlikely,ofPopeAlexanderthe
Sixth,inthismanner :thatastraightlineshouldbedrawn
360miles,whichtheycallleucse,westoftheislandsofthe
Hesperides,whicharenowcalledtheislandsofCapeVerd
;
towardsthenorth,andanothertowardsthesouthPole,till
theyshouldmeetagain,andsodividetheworldintotwo
equalparts.Andwhateverstrangelandshouldbedis-
coveredeastwards(ofthisline)shouldbecededtothePor-
tuguese,andwhateverwestofittotheSpaniards. Inthis
mannerithappenedthattheSpaniardsalwayssailedsouth-
west,andtheretheydiscoveredaverylargecontinentand

268. 185 DISCOVEEIESOESPANIAEDSANDPOETUGUESE,
verygreatandinnumerableislands,richingoldandpearls
andinotherwealth,andnow,quitelately,havetheydis-
coveredthevastMediterranean city,Tenostica,^situatedin
alake,likeVenice. AboutthiscityPeterMartyr,an
authormorecarefulabouthisfactsthantheeleganceofhis
style,haswrittenmanywonderful,andyettrue,things.
ButthePortuguese,passingsouthwardsbytheshoresof
theHesperides,andoftheichthyophagousEthiopians,and
crossingtheequinoctiallineandtheTropicofCapricorn,
sailedeastward,anddiscoveredmanygreatandunknown
islands,andafterwardsthesourcesoftheNileandtheland
oftheTroglodytae. ThencetheysailedpasttheArabian
andPersianGulfstotheshoresofIndia,withintheGanges,
wherethereisnowthemightyemporiumandkingdomof
Calicut.ThencetheysailedtoTaprobanes,whichtheynow
callZamatara. Forthereisnownoislandwhicheither
canbe,orcanbesupposedtobe,Taprobanes,intheposition
inwhichPtolemy, Pliny,andtheothercosmographers
placedit.Goingthence,theyarrivedattheGoldenCher-
sonesus,wherenowissituatedthatmostfamouscityofMa-
lacca,thegreatestemporiumoftheEast.Afterthisthey
enteredtheGreatGulf,^whichreachesasfarasthecountry
oftheSinge,whichtheynowcallSchinee,wheretheyfound
awhiteandtolerablycivilisedpeople,likeourGermans.
TheybelievethattheSeresandtheAsiaticScythiansex-
tendasfarasthere.Andthoughtherewasacertain
rumourafloatthatthePortuguesehadprogressedsofarto
theeastastocrosstheirownlimitsandentertheterritory
oftheSpaniards,andthatMalaccaandtheGreatBaywere
withinourlimits,stillallthesethingsweresaidratherthan
believed,untilfouryearsagoFerdinandMagellan,adistin-
guishedPortuguese,who,formanyyearshadexploredthe
\coastsofthewholeoftheEastasAdmiral,tookagreat
ihatredtohisking,whomhecomplainedofasbeingmost
J"Tenistitan,"Kamusio. 2
(j^jfofSiam.

269. MAGELLANCOMESTOCHARLESV, 187
ungratefultohim^andcametoCaesar. ChristoplierHaro^
toOjmyownfather-in-law^sbrother^wholiadtradedfor
manyyearsintlieEastbymeansofbisagents^bebimself
stayinginUlyissiponejcommonlycalledLisbon,andwbo
badlastlytradedwitbtbeChinese,sothatbehasgreat
practiceinsuchthings,havingalsobeenunjustlytreatedby
theKingofPortugal,camealsohometoSpain.Andthey
bothshowedCsesarthatthoughitwasnotyetquitesure
whetherMalaccawaswithintheconfinesoftheSpaniards
orthePortuguese,because,asyet,nothingofthelongitude
hadbeenclearlyproved,yetthatitwasquiteplainthatthe
GreatGulfandthepeopleofSinselaywithintheSpanish
boundary. This,too,washeldtobemostcertain,thatthe
islandswhichtheycalltheMoluccas,inwhichallthespices
areproduced,andarethenceexportedtoMalacca,lay
withintheSpanishwesterndivision,andthatitwaspos-
sibletosailthere;andthatspicescouldbebroughtthence
toSpainmoreeasily,andatlessexpenseandcheaper,as
theycamedirectfromtheirnativeplace.
Theircoursewouldbethis,tosailwestward,coastingthe
southernhemisphere (tilltheycame)to .theBast.The
thingseemedalmostimpossibleanduseless,notbecauseit
wasthoughtadifficultthingtogofromthewestrightto
theeastunderthehemisphere,butbecauseitwasuncertain
whetheringeniousnature,whichhasdonenothingwithout
thegreatestforesight,hadnotsodisseveredtheeastfrom
thewest,partlybyseaandpartlybyland,astomakeit
impossibletoarrivetherebyeitherlandorseatravelling.
Forithadnotthenbeendiscoveredwhetherthatgreat
regionwhichiscalledTerraFirmadidseparatethewestern
seafromtheeastern
;itwasclearenoughthatthatconti-
nent,initssouthernpart,trendedsouthwardsandafter-
wardswestwards. Itwasclear,also,thattworegionshad
beendiscoveredintheNorth,oneofwhichtheycalled
EegioBacalearum(Cod-fishLand),fromanewkindoffish;

270. 188 THEEMPEROEFITSOUTAFLEET.
andtheotherTerraFlorida.Andifthesetwowereunited
tothatTerraFirma,itwasimpossibletogettotheeastby-
goingfromthewest,asnothinghadeverbeendiscoveredof
anychannelthroughthisland^thoughithadbeensought
formostdiligentlyandwithgreatlabour.Andtheycon-
sidereditaverydoubtfulandmostdangerousenterpriseto
gothroughthelimitsofthePortuguese^andsototheeast.
ForwhichreasonitseemedtoCsesarandtohiscounsellors
thatthesemenwerepromisingathingfromwhichmuch
wastobehoped,butstillofgreatdifficulty.Whenthey
werebothbroughttoanaudienceonacertainday,Magel-
lanofferedtogohimself,butChristopher oflferedtofitout
afleetathisownexpenseandthatofhisfriends,butonly
ifitwereallowedtosailundertheauthorityandprotection
ofCgesar.Whilsttheybothpersistedratherobstinatelyin
theiroffers,Caesarhimselfequippedafleetoffiveships,and
appointedMagellan itsadmiral. Theirorderswere,tosail
southwardsalongthecoastofTerraFirmatilltheyfound
eitheritsterminationorsomechannelthroughwhichthey
mightreachthespice-bearingMoluccas. SoMagellanset
sailonthe10thofAugust,1519,withfiveshipsfrom
Seville.AfewdaysafterhereachedtheFortunateIslands,
whicharenowsometimes calledtheCanaries. Thence
theyarrivedattheIslandsoftheHesperides,^fromwhich
theytookasouth-western coursetowardsthatcontinent
whichwementionedbefore;andaftersomedays^fairsail-
ingtheysightedapromontory,towhichthenameofSanta
Mariahasbeengiven. HereJuanRuyDiazSolishad
beeneaten,withsomeofhiscompanions,bytheanthropo-
phagi,whomtheIndianscallcannibals,whilst,byorderof
FerdinandtheCatholic,hewasexploringthecoastofthis
continentwithafleet. Sailingthence,ourmencoastedin
anunbrokencoursealongthecoastsofthiscontinent,which
extendaverylongwaysouth,andtendalittlewest,sothat
^CapeVerdeIslands.

271. VOYAGETOPORTST.JULIAN. 189
theycrossedtheTropicofCapricornbymanydegrees. I
thinkthatthiscontinentshouldbecalledthatoftheSouth-
ernPole.ButitwasnotsoeasyasIhavesaid;fornot
tillthelastdayofMarchofthefollowingyeardidthey
reachabay^towhichtheygavethenameofSaintJulian.
HeretheyfoundtheAntarcticPolestar49^degreesabove
theirhorizon,bothbythealtitudeanddeclinationofthe
sunfromtheEquinoctial,andalsobythealtitudeofthe
Antarctic(Polestar)itself.Thisstaroursailorsgenerally
makeuseofmorethanofanyother.Theystatealsothat
thelongitudewas56deg.westoftheFortunate Isles.
For,astheancientcosmographers,andspeciallyPtolemy,
reckonedthelongitudefromtheFortunateIslandseast-
wardtoCatigara at180deg.,soourmen,sailingas
farastheycouldwestward also,begantoreckonanother
180deg.westward toCatigara,aswasright. Yetour
sailorsseemtomerathertobemistakeninthecalculation
ofthelongitudes(ofdistances?)thantohavefixedthem
withanycertainty,becauseinsolongavoyage,andbeing
sodistantfromtheland,theycannotfixanddetermineany
marksorsignsforthelongitude. StillIthinkthatthese
accounts,whatevertheybe,shouldnotbecastaside,but
ratheraccepted tillmorecertaininformationbediscovered.
ThisGulfofSaintJulianseemedverygreat,andhadthe
appearance ofachannel. WhereforeAdmiralMagellan
orderedtwoshipstoexploretheGulfandanchoredtherest
outside. Aftertwodays,informationwasbroughttohim
thattheGulfwasfullofshoals,anddidnotextendfarin-
land.Ourmen,ontheirwayback,sawsomeIndianspick-
ingupshell-fishontheshore;fortheycallthenativesof
allunknownlandsIndians. Theywereofextraordinary
height,thatistosay,abouttenspans,wereclothedinthe
skinsofwildbeasts,andseemeddarkerthanwouldbeex-
pectedfromthesituationofthecountry.Whensomeof
ourmenwent .onshoretothemandshowedthembells

272. 190 DESCRIPTIONOPTHEPATAGONIANS.
andpicturespaintedonpaper,theybeganahoarsechant
andanunintelligiblesong,dancingroundourmen,and,in
ordertoastonishthem,theypassedarrowsacubitanda
halflongdowntheirthroatstothebottomoftheirstomachs,
andwithoutbeingsick.Andforthwithdrawingthemout
again,theyseemedtorejoicegreatly,ashavingshowntheir
braverybythisexploit.
Atlastthreecameasambassadors,andprayedourmen,
bycertainsigns,togofurtherinlandwiththem,asifthey
wouldreceivethemwithallhospitality. Magellansent
sevenmen,wellarmed,withthem,toinvestigateascare-
fullyaspossiblebothcountryandpeople.Whentheyhad
gonewiththemaboutsevenmilesinland,theycametoa
thickandpathlesswood.
Herewasaratherlowhut,coveredwithskinsofwild
beasts.Thereweretwoapartmentsinit
;inonelivedthe
womenwiththeirchildren,intheotherthemen.There
werethirteenwomenandchildren,andfivemen.Thesere-
ceivedtheirguestswitha(feraliapparatu^)bai'barous
pomp,whichseemedtothemaroyalone.Ananimalwas
slaughtered,whichseemedtodifferlittlefromtheonager,
andtheyservedituphalfroastedtoourinen,withoutany
otherfoodordrink.Ourmenwereobliged,contraryto
theircustom,tosleepunderskins,onaccountoftheseverity
ofthesnowandwind.Wherefore,beforetheyslept,they
setwatch.TheIndiansdidthesame,andlaydownnear
ourmen,snoringhorribly.
Whenthedayhadbroken,ourmenaskedthemtore-
turnwiththemtotheships,withthewholefamily.When
theIndianshadrefusedforaconsiderable time,andour
^Literally,witlifunerealorlugubriousstate
;butMaximilianand
histranslatorsappeartohavethoughtthatferalisisderivedfrom/era.
Ramusiontranslates :
''Dandoloroamangiarcarnedifiere;"andthe
SpanishversioninNavarretehas:"Consuaparatoycerimoniasbes-
tiales."Ducangehasanadverb,feraliter,withthesenseofbeastly.

273. DESCEIPTIONOPTHEPATAGONIANS. 191
menhadinsisteduponitratherimperiously^themenentered
theden-like-'-women'sapartment. TheSpaniardsthought
thattheywereconsultingwiththeirwivesconcerning this
espedition;buttheyreturnedcovered^fromthesoleof
theirfeettothecrownoftheirheads,withdifferenthorrible
skins,andwiththeirfacespaintedindifferentcolours,and
equippedinthisterribleandhorriblegarbwithbowsand
arrowsforbattle,and(seemingly ?)ofmuchgreaterstature
thanbefore.TheSpaniards,whothoughtthatitwould
cometoafight,ordered(ashot)tobefired.Thoughthis
shotwasharmless, stillthegiants,wholookedjustbefore
fittocontendwithJove,weresofrightenedbythissound,
thattheybeganforthwithtospeakofpeace.Theupshot
was,thatthreemenreturnedwithourfellowstotheships,
havingsentawaytherestofthefamily.Sotheystarted
fortheships.But,asourmencouldnotonlynotkeepup
withthesealmostgiantswhenthelatterwererunning,but
couldnot,evenbyrunning,keepupwiththemwalking,
twoofthemescapeduponthemarch,onthepretextofpur-
suinganonager,whichtheysawfeedingatadistanceupon
amountain. Thethirdwasbroughttotheship,butdied,
withinafewdays,offasting,whichhehadimposedupon
himself,accordingtothehabitoftheIndians,throughhome-
sickness.Andthoughtheadmiralsentagaintothathut,
inordertocatchsomeoneofthesegiantstotaketoCgesar
onaccountoftheirnovelty,yetnoonewasfoundthere,but
allhadgoneelsewherewiththehut.Whenceitseemsclear
thatthatraceisawanderingone,nordidourmeneversee
anotherIndianonthatcoast,thoughtheyremainedinthat
bayformanydays,asweshallmentionfartheron.They
didnotthinkthattherewasanythinginthatregionof
sufficientimportancetojustifytheirexploring itandthe
interioranyfarther.ThoughMagellanperceivedthatany
longerstaytherewasuseless,yet,astheseaforseveral
1"Feralis,"again.

274. 192 DISCONTENTOFTHECREW.
dayswasstormyandtheskythreatening,andtheland
stretchedcontinuouslysouthwards^sothatthefartherthey
wentthecoldertheywouldfindthatregion^hisdeparture
wasnecessarilyputofffromdaytoday,tillthemonthof
Maywascloseuponthem,fromwhichtimethewinterthere
beginstobemostsevere,sothatitbecamenecessaryto
winterattheverytimewhenwehaveoursummer.Magel-
lanforeseeingthatthevoyagewouldbealongone,ordered
provisionstobeservedoutmoresparinglyamonghiscrews,
sothatthestockmightlastlonger.WhentheSpaniards
hadbornethispatientlyforsomedays,fearingtheseverity
ofthewinterandthebarrennessofthecountry,theyatlast
petitionedtheiradmiral,Magellan,that,ashesawthatthe
landstretcheduninterruptedly tothesouth,andthatno
hoperemainedofitsterminatingorofthediscoveryofa
straitthrough it,andthataseverewinterwasimminent,
andthatmanyofthemweredeadofstarvationandhard-
ships
;anddeclaredthattheycouldnolongerbeartherule
whichhehadmadeabouttheallowanceofprovisions(lex
sumptuaria),andbeggedthathewouldincreasetheallow-
anceofprovisions,andthinkaboutgoinghome;that
Caesarneverintendedthattheyshouldtooobstinately
attemptwhatnatureitselfandotherobstaclesopposed;
thattheirexertionswerealreadysufiicientlyknownand
approved of,—fortheyhadgonefartherthaneitherthe
boldnessorrashnessofmortalshadeverdaredtogoasyet;
andthattheycouldeasilyreach "somemildershore,ifthey
weretosailsouth(north?)forafewdays,asouthwindbe-
ingthenblowing.Butinreply,Magellan,whohadalready
madeuphismindeithertodieortocompletehisenter-
prise,saidthathiscoursehadbeenlaiddownforhimby
Oassarhimself,andthatheneithercouldnorwoulddepart
fromitinanydegree,andthathewouldinconsequence
sailtillhefoundeithertheendofthelandorsomestrait
(throughit).

275. Magellan'sreasonsfoegoingforward. 193
Thattliouglitheycouldnotatpresentsucceedwhilst
winterwasagainstthem^yetthatitwouldbeeasyinthe
summerofthatregion.Butthat^iftheywouldcontinue
towardstheAntarcticportionofthiscountry^thewholeof
itssummerwouldbeoneperpetualday.Thattherewere
meansiftheywouldonlytrythem^bywhichtheymight
avoidfamineandtherigourofthewinter,inasmuchas
therewasabundanceofwood^andtheseaprovidedshell-
fishandmanysortsoftheverybestfish.Thesprings
therewerewholesome^andbirdfowlingandhuntingwould
supplymanywants;andneitherbreadnorwinehadasyet
beenlacking,norwouldtheylackinfutureiftheywould
onlybearthattheyshouldbeservedoutwhenneeded,or
forhealth'ssake,andnotforpleasureorforluxuiy.They
haddonenothing'asyetworthyofadmiration,orwhich
couldserveasanexcusefortheirreturn,inasmuchasthe
PortuguesecrossedthetropicofCapricornbyasmuchas
12deg.notonlyeveryyear,butalmosteveryday,when
theyweresailingeastwards. Theywouldbethought
worthyofverylittlepi^aisewhohadgoneonly4deg.
southwards.Hehadcertainlymadeuphismindtoendure
theworstratherthanreturnignominiously toSpain,and
hetrustedthatallhiscomrades,oratleastthoseinwhom
thenobleSpanishspiritwasnotyetdead,wouldbeofthe
samemind.
Headvisedthemtobearatleasttheremainderofthe
winterpatiently,andsaidthattheirrewardswouldbethe
moreabundantthemoredifficultiesanddangerstheyhad
enduredinopeningtoCcesaranewunknownworld,richin
spicesandgold.Magellanthoughtthatthemindsofhis
crewsweresoothedandcheeredbythisharangue,but
withinafewdayswasharassedbyashamefulandfoul
consjoiracy. Fortalkingbeganamongstthecrewsabout
theoldeternalhatredbetweenthePortugueseandthe
Spaniards,andaboutMagellan'sbeingaPortuguese. He,
o

276. 194 MAGELLANPUTSDOWNAMUTINY.
theysaid^coulddonothingmoregloriousforhisown
countrythantocastawaythisfleetswithsomanymen.
Norwasitcrediblethatheshouldwishtodiscoverthe
Moluccas^evenifhewereable;buthewouldthinkit
suflEicientifhecouldlureCaesaronforsomeyearswitha
vainhope,andmeanwhilesomethingnewwouldturnup,
bywhichtheSpaniardswouldforthefuturebediverted
fromthesearchforspices.Norevenhadtheircourse
beguntoturntowardsthosehappyMoluccas,butratherto
distantsnowsandice,andtoperpetualstorms.
Magellan,verymuchenragedbythesesayings,punished
themen,butrathermoreharshlythanwasproperfora
foreigner,especiallywhencommanding inadistantcoun-
try.So,havingplannedaconspiracy,theyseizeupona
ship,andmakereadytoreturntoSpain.Buthe,withthe
restwhomhehadstillobedienttohiscommands,attacked
thatship,andputtodeaththeheadmanandtheother
ringleaders,thoseevenwhocouldnotlawfullybesotreated
sharingthesamefate.Forthesewerecertainservantsof
theking,uponwhomnoonebutCaesarandhisCouncil
couldlawfullypronounceasentenceofdeath.Neverthe-
less,noonefromthattimedaredtodisparagethepowerof
thecommander. Still,therewerenotwantingsomewho
whisperedthatMagellanwould,inthesamemanner,mur-
deralltheSpaniardstothelastman,untilhe,havinggot
ridofthemall,mightreturnwiththefewPortuguesewith
thefleettohisown'country.Andsothishatredsettled
moredeeplyintheheartsoftheSpaniards.
AssoonaseverMagellansawthestorminessofthesea
andtherigourofthewintermitigated,hesetsailfromthe
gulfofSt.Julianonthe24thofAugust.And,asbefore,
hefollowedthecourseofthecoastsouthwards formany
days.Apromontorywasatlastsighted,whichtheycalled
SantaCruz,whenaseverestorm,springingfromtheeast,
suddenlycaughtthem,andoneofthefiveshipswascast

277. ONEOFTHESHIPSDESERTSTHEFLEET. 195
onshore,themenbeingallsaved,withthemerchandise
andequipment, exceptoneEthiopian slave,whowas
caughtanddrownedbythewaves.Afterthistheland
seemedtobearalittleeastandsouth,andthistheybegan
tocoastalongasusual,andonthe26thofNovember
certaininletsoftheseawerediscovered,whichhadthe
appearanceofastrait.Magellanenteredthemforthwith
withthewholefleet,andwhenhesawotherandagain
otherbays,hegaveordersthattheyshouldbeallcarefully
examinedfromtheships,toseeifanywhereapassage
mightbediscovered ;andsaidthathewouldhimselfwait
atthemouthofthestraittillthefifthday,tohearwhat
mighthappen.
Oneoftheships,whichAlvarusMeschito,hisnephew,
commanded,wascarriedbackbythetidetothesea,to
theveryplacewheretheyenteredthegulf.Butwhenthe
Spaniardsperceivedthattheywerefarawayfromtheother
ships,theymadeaplottoreturnhome,putAlvarus,their
captain,inirons,benttheircoursenorthwards,andwere
atlastcarriedtothecoastofEthiopia(Gruinea),and,
havingvictualledthere,theyreachedSpaineightmonths
aftertheyhaddesertedtherest. Theretheycompel
Alvarustostandhistrialinchains(causamexvinculis
dicerefaciuntquasi),forhaving,byhiscounselandadvice,
inducedhisuncleMagellantopractisesuchharshnesson
theSpaniards.
ButwhenMagellanhadwaitedforthisshipsomedays
longerthanthetimefixed,anotherreturned,whichhad
discoverednothingbutabayfullofshoalsandshingle,and
veryloftycliffs.Thethirdship,however,reportedthat
thelargestbayhadtheappearanceofastrait,asinthree
days'sailtheyhadfoundnowayout;butthefartherthey
hadgonethenarrowertheseawas,andtheyLadnotbeen
abletosoundthedepthofitinmanyplacesbyanylength
/'
ofline,andthattheyhadalsonoticedthatthetid^was
o2

278. 196 PASSAGEOFTHESTRAITS.
ratherstrongerthantheebb,andthatsotheywereper-
suadedthatapassagewasopeninthatdirectiontosome
othersea.Hemadeuphismindtosailthroughit.This
channeljwhichtheydidnotthenknowtobeachannel,was
atoneplacethreeItalianmileswide,atanothertwo,some-
timesten,andsometimes five,andpointedalittlewest-
ward.Thealtitudeofthesouthernpolewasfoundto
be52deg.jandthelongitudetobethesame,asatSt.
JulianasBay.ThemonthofI^Jovemberwasuponthem
(Aderat-jammensisISTovembris),thenightwasrathermore
thanfivehourslong,andtheyhadneverseenanyhuman
beingsontheshore.
Eutonenightagreatnumberoffireswereseen,mostly
ontheirlefthand,fromwhichtheyguessedthattheyhad
beenseenbythenativesoftheregion.ButMagellan,see-
ingthatthecountrywasrocky,andalsostarkwitheternal
cold,thoughtituselesstowastemanydaysinexamining
itjandso,withonlythreeships,hecontinuedonhis
coursealongthechannel,until,onthetwenty-secondday
afterhehadentered it,hesailedoutuponanotherwide
andvastsea.Thelengthofthechanneltheyattesttobe
nearlyahundredSpanishmiles.
Thereisnodoubtthatthelandwhichtheyhadupon
theirrightwasthecontinentofwhichwehavespoken,
buttheythinkthatthelandontheleftwasnotamain-
land,butislands,becausesometimesonthatsidetheyheard
onastillfarthercoastthebeatingandroaringofthesea.
Magellansawthatthecontinentstretchednorthwards
againinastraightline;wherefore,leavingthathugecon-
tinentontherighthand,heorderedthemtosailthrough
thatvastandmightysea(whichIdonotthinkhadever
seeneitherouroranyoneelse'sships)inthedirection
whencethewindcalledCorus^generallyblows—thatis,
^twixtnorthandwest—sothathemight,bygoingthrough
^Or,Caurus.

279. THEUNFORTUNATE ISLANDS. 197
westtoeast,againarriveatthetorridzone
;forlietliought
thatitwasprovedsuffioientljclearlythattheMoluccas
wereinthemostremoteeast,andcouldnotbefarfrom
theequator.Theykeptthiscourseuninterruptedly, nor
didtheyeverdepartfromitjexceptwhenroughweather
orviolentwindscompelledthemtodiverge ;andwhen
theyhadinthismannerbeencarriedforfortydaysbya
strongandgenerallyfavourablewind,andhadseenno-
thingbutsea,andeverywheresea—whentheyhadalmost
reachedthetropicofCapricornoncemore,twoislands
weresighted,butsmallandbarren.Thesetheyfound
uninhabitedwhentheytriedtoland;still,theystopped
theretwodaysfortheirhealth^ssake,andgeneralrecruit-
ing01theirbodies,fortherewasveryfairfishingthere.
TheynamedthesetheUnfortunate Islandsbycommon
consent.Thentheyagainsetsailthence,followingtheir
originalcourseanddirectionofsailing.Andwhen,for
threemonthsandtwentydays,theyhadbeensailingover
thisoceanwithgreatgoodfortune,andhadtraversedan
immensepartofthesea—morevastthanmindofmancan
conceive,fortheyhadbeendrivenalmostcontinuouslyby
averystrongwind—theywerenowatlastarrivedonthis
sideoftheequinoctialline,andatlasttheysawanisland,
called,astheylearntafterwards,Inuaganabythenatives.
Whentheyhadapproached nearer,theydiscoveredthe
altitudeoftheArcticpoletobe11deg.Thelongitude
-theythoughttobe158deg.westofGades.Thenthey
sawotherandstillmoreislands,sothattheyknewthey
hadarrivedatsomevastarchipelago.Whentheyreached
Inuagana,theislandwasdiscovered tobeuninhabited.
Theythenapproachedarathersmallisland,wherethey
sawtwoIndiancanoes—forthatisthenamebywhichthis
strangekindofboatiscalledbytheIndians.Thecanoes
arecutandhollowedoutofasingletrunkofatree,and
holdone,or,atmost,twomen
;andtheyusuallyspeakby

280. ]98 AREIVALATPHILIPPINEISLANDS.
gesturesandsigns^asifthedumbweretalkingwiththe
dumb.
TheyaskedtheIndiansthenamesoftheislands^and
wheretheycouldgetprovisions,ofwhichtheywerein
greatwant.Theyunderstoodthattheislandinwhich
theyhadbeenwascalledInuagana,andthattheonewhere
theynowwerewasAcaca,butbothofthemuninhabited.
Theysaidthattherewasanislandnotfaroff,whichwas
calledSelani,andwhichtheyalmostshowedwiththeir
finger,andthatitwasinhabited,andthatanabundanceof
everythingnecessaryforlifewastobefoundthere.
Ourmen,havingtakeninwaterinAcaca,sailedtowards
Selani;hereastormtookthem,sothattheycouldnot
bringtheshipstothatisland,butweredriventoanother
islandcalledMassaua,wherelivesakingof(the?)three
islands,afterthattheyarrivedatSubuth. Thisisan
excellentandlargeisland,and,havingmadeatreatywith
itschieftain,theylandedimmediately toperformdivine
service,accordingtothemannerofChristians,foritwas
thefeastoftheresurrectionofHimwhowasoursalvation.
Whereforetheybuiltasmallchapelofthesailsoftheships,
andofboughs,andinthattheybuiltanaltaraccordingto
theChristianrites,andperformedserviceaftertheirhome
fashion.Thechieftaincameupwithagreatnumberof
Indians,whoseemedineverywaydelightedbythiswor-
shipofthegods.Theyledtheadmiralandsomeofthe
officerstothechief'shut,andputbeforethemwhatever
foodtheyhad.Theirbread,whichtheycallsago,wasmade
ofthetrunkorwoodofatree,ratherlikeapalm. ThiSj
whencutinpieces,andfriedinoilinapan,suppliesthem
withbread,asmallpieceofwhichIsendtoyourreverence.
Theirdrinkwasaliquorwhichflowsandtricklesfromthe
boughsofthepalm-treeswhencut.Fowling,too,supplied
thefeast,andtherestwasthefruitofthatregion.
Magellanbeheld,inthechief'shut,onesick,andalmost

281. CONVERSIONSTOCHRISTIANITY. 199
afcthelastgasp.Heaskedwholiewas_,andwhatillness
hewassufferingfrom.Helearntthathewasthechief^s
grandson^andhadnowsufferedfortwoyearsfromaraging
fever.Buthetoldhimtobeofgoodcheer,andthathe
wouldimmediatelyrecoverhishealthandformerstrength,
ifhewouldonlybecomeaChristian. TheIndianaccepted
thecondition_,and,havingadoredtheCross,hereceived
baptism,andthenextdaydeclaredthathewaswell,rose
fromhisbed,walked,andtookfoodliketherest.Hetold
IknownotwhatvisionstotheIndians. VfhatneedIsay
more?Thechiefhimself,withtwothousandtwohundred
Indians,wasbaptized,andprofessedthenameandreligion
ofChrist.ButMagellan,judgingthisislandtoaboundin
goldandginger,and,besides,tobeconvenientfromits
positionwithrespecttotheneighbouring islands,for
exploringwitheasetheirwealthandproduceoftheearth,
goestotheChiefofSubuth,andpersuadeshimthatashe
hadabandonedthatvainandimpiousworshipofthegods,
andhadturnedtothereligionofChrist,itwasonlyfair
thatthekingsoftheneighbouring islesshouldbesubject
tohisruleandcommand
;andhesaidthathehadresolved
tosendambassadorsconcerning this,andcompelbyarms
thosewhodidnotlistentohiscommand.
Thispropositionpleasedthesavage,andtheambassadors
weresent.Thechiefscameinonebyone,anddidhomage.
ThenearestislandwascalledMauthan,thekingofwhich
excelledtheothersinnumberofsoldiersandinarms,and
herefusedtodohomagetoonewhomhehadbeenaccus-
tomedforsolongtocommand.
Magellan,whodesiredtofinishwhathehadoncebegun,
gaveordersthatfortyofhismen,whosebraveryand
prowesshehadproved,shouldarm,andhecrossedoverto
Mauthaninboats,fortheislandwasverynear.TheChief
ofSubuthaddedsomeofhisownmentoshowhimthe
situationoftheisland,andtofight,ifmatterscametothat.

282. 200 DEATHOFMAGELLAN.
TheKingofMautban,seeingourmencoming,drawsup
aboutthreethousandofhissubjectsinthefield^andMa-
gellandrawsuphisontheshore^withtheirgunsandwar-
likeengines_,thoughonlyafew
;andthoughhosawthat
hewasfarinferiortotheenemyinnumber^yethethought
itbettertofightthiswarlikerace^whichmadeuseof
lancesandotherlongweapons^thaneithertoreturnorto
usethesoldiersfromSubuth. Soheordershismentobe
ofgoodcheerandbravehearts^andnottobealarmedat
thenumberoftheenemy^fortheyhadoftenseen,asfor-
merlyjsoinquiterecenttimes,twohundredSpaniardsin
theislandofYucatanputsometimestwoorthreehundred
thousandmentoflight.ButhepointedouttotheSubuth
islandersthathehadbroughtthem,nottofight,butto
watchtheirbraveryandfightingpower(roburinacie).
So,havingchargedtheenemy,bothsidesfoughtvaliantly :
but,astheenemyweremorenumerous,andusedlonger
weapons,withwhichtheydidourmenmuchdamage,
Magellanhimselfwasatlastthrustthrouo-handslain.But
therestofourmen,thoughtheydidnotseemquitecon-
quered,yetretreated,havinglosttheirleader.Andthe
enemydarednotfollowthem,astheywereretreatingin
goodorder.
SotheSpaniards,havinglosttheiradmiral,Migellan,
andsevenoftheircomrades,returnedtoSubuth,where
theychoseanothercommander,JohnSerrano,amannotto
bedespised. Heimmediatelyrenewedwithfreshgifts
thealliancethathadbeenmadewiththeKingofSubuth,
andpromisedtosubduetheKingofMauthan.
Magellanhadaslave,bornintheMoluccas,whomhe
hadboughtinMalaccasometimeback;thismanwasa
perfectmasteroftheSpanishlanguage,and,withthe
assistanceofoneoftheislandersofSubuthasinterpreter,
whoknewthelanguageoftheMoluccas,ourmenmanaged
alltheircommunications. Thisslavehadbeenpresentat

283. TREACHERYOPKINGOFZUBU. 201
thebattleofMautlian^andhadreceivedsomeslight
woundsinit.Forwhichreasonhelayalldaylongnurs-
inghimself. Serrano,whocouldmanagenothingwithout
him^spoketohimveryharshly^andtoldhimthathehad
notceasedtobeaslaveandbondsmanbecauseMagellan
wasdead,butthattheyokeofslaverywouldbeheavier^
andthathewouldbeseverelyfloggedunlesshedidthe
servicesrequiredofhimmorezealously.
Thisslaveconceivedanintensehatredofusfromthese
words
;butjconcealinghisanger,hewentafewdaysafter
totheChiefofSubuth,andtoldhimthatthegreedofthe
Spaniardswasinsatiable,thattheyhadresolvedanddeter-
mined,aftertheyhadconqueredtheKingofMauthan,to
makeaquarrelwithhimandtakehimawayprisoner,and
therewasnootherremedypossiblethantoanticipatetheir
treacherybytreachery. Thesavagebelieved itall.He
madepeacesecretlywiththeKingofMauthanandthe
others,andtheyplottedourdestruction. Serrano,the
commander,withalltherestofhisofficers,whowereabout
twenty-seven innumber,wereinvitedtoasolemnbanquet.
They,suspectingnoevil—forthesavageshadcunningly
dissimulatedineverything—land,carelessandunsuspecting,
asmenwhoweregoingtodinewiththechiefwoulddo.
Whilsttheywerefeastingtheyweresetuponbythose
whohadbeenplacedinambush. Shoutswereraisedon
allsides,andnewsflewtotheshipsthatourmenwere
murdered,andthateverythingontheislandwashostileto
us.Ourmenseefromtheshipsthatthebeautifulcross
whichtheyhadhoistedonatreewashurledtotheground,
andkickedtopiecesbythesavageswithgreatfury.But
theremainingSpaniards,whohadstoppedonboard,when
theyknewoftheircomrades^murder,fearedsomestill
greatertreachery. Wherefore,whentheyhadweighed
anchor,theybegintosetsailquickly. Shortlyafter,
Serranowasbroughtdowntotheshoreboundmostcruelly.

284. 202 THEYBURNOiSIBOPTHEIRSHIPS.
andhebeggedthemtoredeemhimfromsoharshacapti-
vity.Hesaidhehadprevaileduponthemtopermithis
beingransomed, ifourmenwouldonlydoit.
Thoughourmenthoughtitshamefultoleavetheircom-
manderinthisway,yet,fearingfraudandtreachery,they
putouttosea,leavingSerranoontheshore,weeping
bitterly,andimploringthehelpandassistanceofhisfellow-
countrymenwithgreatandgrievouslamentation. The
Spaniardssailedalong,sadandanxious,havinglosttheir
commanderandtheirshipmates,notonlyalarmedbytheir
lossandbytheslaughteroftheirmates,butbecausetheir
numberwasreducedsolowthatitwasquiteinsufficientfor
themanagement ofthreeships.Whereforetheyholda
council,and,havingtakenthevotes,theyagreethatthere
wasnothingbettertodothantoburnsomeoneofthethree
ships,andkeeponlytwo.
Sotheygotoanislandnear,CohoPbyname,andtransfer
theequipmenttotheothertwoships,andburnthethird.
ThentheysailedtotheislandcalledGibeth.Thoughthey
foundthatitwasrichingoldandgingerandmanyother
things,yettheythought itbetternottostaytherelong,
becausetheycouldnot,byanykindness,attracttheIndians
tothem.Andtheirscantinessofnumberpreventedtheir
fighting. ThencetheywenttotheislandPorne(Borneo).
Therearetwogreatandrichislandsinthisarchipelago,one
ofwhichwascalledSiloli,thekingofwhichhadsixhundred
children;andtheotherPorne.
SiloliwasgreaterthantheonecalledPorne.Forittal^s
nearlysixmonthstosailroundit,butPorneonlythree.
Butjustsomuchastheformerislarger,somuchisthe
latterbettersituatedasregardsfertilityofsoil,andmore
famedalsoforthesizeofacityofthesamenameasitself.
And,asPornemustbeconsideredofmoreimportancethan
anyoftheotherislandswhichtheyhadexamined,and
1Bohol.

285. ADMIEABLERULESOPWARINBORNEO. 203
seemedtobethesourcewhencetheothersreceivedtheir
goodcustomsandcivilization(cultumvitee),Ihaveresolved
totouch,inafewwordsjuponthecustomsandlawsofthese
peoples. AlltheseislandersareOaphraSjthatis^heathen,
andworshipthesunandmoon.Theyascribetheruleof
thedaytothesun,butthatofthenighttothemoon;the
formertheycallmale,andthelatterfemale;andthem^too,
theycalltheparentsofthestars,whichtheydeemtobe
allgods,thoughsmallones.Theysalutetherisingsun
withcei-tainhymnsbeforetheyworship it.Thistheydo
alsotothemoon,whenitshinesatnight,towhomthey
prayforchildren,andfruitfulincreaseofcattle,andabundant
fruitsoftheearth,andotherthingsofthatsort.
Buttheypractisejusticeandpiety,andspeciallydothey
lovepeaceandquiet,butwartheygreatlydetest,andthey
honourtheirkingasagodwhilstheisbentuponpeace.
Butifhebetoodesirousofwar,theyrestnottillhehas
fallenbythehandoftheenemyinbattle.Wheneverhe
hasdeterminedtowagewar,whichisrarelydone,heis
placedbyhissubjectsinthevanguard,whereheiscom-
pelledtobearthewholeonslaughtoftheenemy.Nordo
theyfightagainsttheenemywithanyspirituntilthey
knowthattheirkingisdead;then,firstdotheybeginto
fightfortheirlibertyandfortheirfutureking,norhas
thereeverbeenseenamongthemakingwhobeganawar
whohasnotdiedinbattle. Whereforetheyrarelywage
war,andthinkitunjusttoextendtheirterritories
;butthe
specialcareofallisnotwantonlytoattackeitherthe
neighbouring orthedistantpeoples.Butifatanytime
theyareattacked,theymeetforcebyforce(parparire-
ferunt).Butlestthemischiefshouldspreadfartherthey
lookimmediatelytomakingpeace.Therecanbenothing
morehonourableamongthemthantobethefirsttoaskfor
peace,normoredisgracefulthantobeanticipatedinasking
forit,andtheythinkitshamefulandhatefultorefuseitto

286. 204 DESCEIPTIONOFBORNEO.
anyone^evenifHehadattackedtliemwitljoutprovocation.
Andalltlieneighbouringpeopleuniteagainsttheone(who
refusespeace)forhisdestruction, asagainstacrueland
impiousman.Whenceithappensthattheyalmostalways
enjoyquietandrepose.Thereisnorobberyamongthem^
andnomurder.Noonebuthiswivesandchildrenmay
speaktotheking,exceptbymeansofcanes,whichthey
placetohisearfromadistance,andwhisperwhatthey
wishthroughthem.Theysaythatman,afterhisdeath,
hasnofeeling,ashehadnonebeforehisbirth.Theyhave
smallhouses,builtoflogsandofearth,partlyroofedwith
rubble,andpartlywithpalmleaves,[^deshabentexiles
exlignis&terraconstructas,partimrudere,partimpalma-
tisfrondibuscoopertas,] Itis,though,quitecertainthat
inPornetherearetwentythousandhouses.Theymarry
asmanywivesastheycanafford,andliveonfood,which
bird-fowling orfishingsuppliesthemwith. Theymake
breadofrice,andadrinkwhichdropsfromthesevered
branchesofthepalm,aswesaidbefore.
Somecarryontrafficintheneighbouring islands,to
whichtheygoinjunks;somedevotethemselvestohunt-
ing;sometofishing;andotherstoagriculture. They
havedressesofcotton,andalmostalltheanimalsthatwe
have,exceptthesheep,theox,andtheass;buttheirhorses
areverysmallandfeeble.Theproduceofcamphor,of
ginger,andofcinnamon, isgreatamongthem.Thence
ourmen,havingsalutedthisking,andheapedhimwith
presents,directedtheircoursetotheMoluccas,whichhad
beenpointedouttothembythesameking.Theycameto
theshoresoftheislandofSolo,wheretheyheardthatthere
werepearlsasbigasdove^seggs,andsometimesashen^s
eggs,butwhichcanonlybefishedupfromtheverydeepest
sea.Ourmenbroughtnolargepearl,becausetheseason
oftheyeardidnotallowofthefishery.Buttheytestify
thattheyhadtakenanoysterinthatregion,thefleshof

287. LARGEPEARLS. 205
wliichweigliedforty-sevenpounds.ForwhiclireasonI
couldeasilybelievethatpearlsofthatgreatsizearefouud
there ;foritisclearlyprovedthatpearlsaretheproductof
shell-fish.Andtoomitnothing,ourmenconstantlyaffirm
thattheislandersofPornetoldthemthatthekingworein
hiscrowntwopearlsofthesizeofagooseysegg.Hence
theywenttotheislandofGilo,wheretheysawmenwith
earssolongandpendulous, thattheyreachedtotheir
shoulders.Whenourmenweremightilyastonishedatthis,
theylearntfromthenativesthattherewasanotherisland
notfaroffwherethemenhadearsnotonlypendulous,but
solongandbroad,thatoneofthemwouldcoverthewhole
head,iftheywantedit(cumexusuesset).Butourmen,
whosoughtnotmonstersbutspices,neglectingthisnon-
sense,wentstraighttotheMoluccas,andtheydiscovered
themeightmonthsaftertheiradmiral,Magellan,hadfallen
inMauthan.Theislandsarefiveinnumber,andarecalled
Tarante,Muthil,Thidore,Mare,andMatthien:someonthis
side,someontheother,andsomeupontheequinoctialline.
Oneproducescloves,anothernutmegs,andanothercin-
namon. Allareneartoeachother,butsmallandrather
narrow.
Thekings(of?)Marminbegantobelievethatsoulswere
immortalafewyearsago,inducedbynootherargument
thanthattheysawthatacertainmostbeautifulsmallbird
neverresteduponthegroundnoruponanythingthatgrew
uponit;buttheysometimessawitfalldeadupontheground
fromthesky.AndastheMahometans,whotravelledto
thosepartsforcommercialpurposes,toldthemthatthis
birdwasborninParadise,andthatParadisewastheabode
ofthesoulsofthosewhohaddied,thesekings(reguli)em-
bracedthesectofMahomet,becauseitpromisedwonderful
thingsconcerning thisabodeofsouls.Buttheycallthe
birdMamucoDiata,andtheyholditinsuchreverence
andreligiousesteem,thattheybelievethatbyittheir

288. 206 DESCRIPTIONOPMOLUCCAO.
kingsaresafeinwar,eventhouglithey,accordingtocus-
tom,areplacedinttieforefrontofbattle.Thecommon
folkareCaphr^,andofalmostthesamemannersandlaws
astheislandersofPorne;theyareratherpoor,aswouldbe
likelywithpeopleinwhoselandnothinggrowsexcept
spices.Thesetheywillinglybarterforpoisons,namely,
arsenicandwhatiscommonlycalledsublimateofmercury,
andforlinens,inwhichtheygenerallyaredressed
;butfor
whatpurposetheyusethesepoisons,wehavenotyetfound
out.Theyliveonsagobreadandfish,andsometimeson
parrots,andtheyshelterinlowhuts.Whatneedofmany
words.Everythingthereishumble,andofnovalue,but
peace,quiet,andspices.Thebestandnoblestofwhich,
andthegreatestgoodpossible,namely,peace,seemsto
havebeendrivenbymen^swickednessfromourworldto
theirs.Butavariceandtheinsatiablegreedofthebelly,
havedrivenustoseekforspicesintheirunknownworld.
(Adeohominumproterviasalubriaquaequehandlongius
satisnequetprotuderenequequgeluxusetlibidinisappetere.)
But,ourmenhavingcarefullyinspectedthepositionofthe
Moluccasandofeachseparateisland,andalsohavingin-
quiredaboutthehabitsofthekings,wenttoThedori,be-
causetheylearntthatinthatislandthesupplyofcloves
wasfarabovethatoftheothers,andthatitskingalsosur-
passedtheotherkingsinwisdomandhumanity. So,
havingpreparedtheirgifts,theyland,andsalutetheking,
andtheyofferthepresentsasiftheyhadbeensentby
Caesar.He,havingreceivedthepresentskindly,looksup
toheaven,andsays :"1haveknownnowfortwoyears
fromthecourseofthestars,thatyouwerecomingtoseek
theselands,sentbythemostmightyKingofKings.
Whereforeyourcomingisthemorepleasantandgrateful
tome,asIhadbeenforewarnedofitbythesignification
ofthestars.^'
And,asIknowthatnothingeverhappenstoanyman

289. FRIENDLYEECEPTTONBYKINGOPTIDORE. 207
whichhasnotbeenfixedlongbeforebythedecreeoffate
andthestars,Iwillnotbetheonetoattempttowithstand
eitherthefatesorthesignificationofthestars^butwillingly
andofgoodcheer^willhenceforthlayasidetheroyalpomp
andwillconsidermyselfasmanagingtheadministration of
thisislandonlyinthenameofyourking.Whereforedraw
yourshipsintoport,andordertherestofyourcomrades
toland;sothatnowatlast,aftersuchalongtossingupon
theseaSjandsomanydangers,youmayenjoythepleasures
ofthelandandrefreshyourbodies.Andthinknotbut
thatyouhavearrivedatyourking'skingdom. Having
saidthis,theking,layingasidehiscrown,embracedthem
onebyone,andorderedwhateverfoodthatlandaffordedto
bebrought.Ourmenbeingoverjoyedatthis,returnedto
theircomrades,andtoldthemwhathadhappened. They,
pleasedabovemeasurewiththefriendlybehaviourand
kindnessoftheking,takepossessionoftheisland.And
whentheirhealthwascompletelyrestored,inafewdays,
bytheking'smunificence,theysendenvoystotheother
kings,toexaminethewealthoftheislands,andtoconciliate
theotherkings. Tarantewasthenearest,andalsothe
smallest,oftheislands
;forithasacircumferenceofalittle
morethansixItalianmiles.Mathienisnexttoit,andit,
too,issmall. Thesethreeproduceagreatquantityof
cloves,butmoreeveryfourthyearthantheotherthree.
Thesetreesonlygrowonsteeprocks,andthatsothickly
asfrequentlytoformagrove.Thistreeisverylikealaurel
(orbaytree)inleaf,closenessofgrowth,andheight;and
thegariophilewhichtheycallclovefromitslikeness(toa
nail,clavus)growsonthetipofeachseparatetwig.Firsta
bud,andthenaflower,justliketheorangeflowerisproduced.
Thepointedpartofthecloveisfixedattheextremeend
ofthebranch,andthengrowingslightlylonger,itformsa
spike. Itisatfirstred,butsoongetsblackbytheheatof
thesun.Thenativeskeeptheplantationsofthesetrees

290. 208 DESCRIPTIONOYSPICES.
separate^aswedoourvines.Theyburytheclovesinpits
tilltheyaretakenawaybythetraders.
Muthil^thefourthisland^isnotlargerthantherest,and
itproducescinnamon. Thetreeisfullofshoots_,andin
otherrespectsbarren
;itdelightsindryness^andisvery
likethetreewhichbearspomegranates. Thebarkofthis
splitsundertheinfluenceofthesun'sheat,andisstripped
offthewood;and,afterdryingalittleinthesun,itiscin-
namon.Neartothisisanotherisland,calledBada,^larger
andIDoreamplethantheMoluccas. Inthisgrowsthenut-
meg,thetreeofwhichistallandspreading,andisrather
likethewalnuttree,anditsnut,too,gro'wslikethewal-
nut;foritisprotectedbyadoublehusk,atfirstlikea
ftirrycalix,andunderthisathinmembrane,whichem-
bracesthenutlikenetwork. ThisiscalledtheMuscat
flowerwithus,butbytheSpaniardsmace,andisanoble
andwholesomespice.Theothercoveringisawoodyshell,
likethatofhazel-nut,andinthat,aswehavealreadysaid,
isthenutmeg.Gingergrowshereandthereineachofthe
islandsofthearchipelago. Itsometimesgrowsbysowing,
andsometimesspontaneously ;butthatwhichissownis
themorevaluable. Itsgrassislikethatofthesafi'ron,and
itsrootisalmostthesametoo,andthatisginger.Our
menwerekindlytreatedbythechiefsinturn,andthey,
too,submittedfreelytotheruleofCaesar,liketheKingof
Thidori.ButtheSpaniards,whohadbuttwoships,re-
solvedtobringsomeofeach(spice)home,buttoloadthe
shipswithcloves,becausethecropofthatwasmostabun-
dantthatyeai",andourshipscouldcontainagreaterquantity
ofthiskindofspice.Having,therefore,loadedtheships
withcloves,andhavingreceivedlettersandpresentsfor
Caesarfromthekings,theymakereadyfortheirdeparture.
Thelettei-swerefullofsubmissionandrespect.Thegifts
wereIndianswords,andthingsofthatsort.But,bestofall,
1Bandan.

291. DEPARTUREPROMMOLUCCAS. 209
theMamucoDiata
;thatis^theBirdofGod,bywhichthey
believethemselvestobesafeandinvincibleinbattle.Of
whichfivewere,sent,andoneIobtainedfromthecaptain
(congranprieghi),whichIsendtoyourreverence,notthat
yourreverencemaythinkyourselfsafefromtreacheryand
theswordbymeansofit,astheyprofesstodo,butthat
youmaybepleasedbyitsrarenessandbeauty. Isendalso
somecinnamonandnutmegandcloves,toshowthatour
spicesarenotonlynotworse,butmorevaluablethanthose
whichtheVenetiansandPortuguesebring,becausethey
arefresher.WhenourmenhadsetsailfromThedori,one
oftheships,andthatthelargerone,havingsprungaleak,
begantomakewater,sothatitbecamenecessarytoput
backtoThedori.WhentheSpaniardssawthatthismis-
chiefcouldnotberemediedwithoutgreatlabourandmuch
time,theyagreedthattheothershipshouldsailtothe
CapeofCattigara,andafterwardsthroughthedeepasfar
aspossiblefromthecoastofIndia,lestitshouldbeseen
bythePortuguese,anduntiltheysawthePromontoryof
Africa,whichprojectsbeyondtheTropicofCapricorn,and
towhichthePortuguesehavegiventhenameofGood
Hope
jandfromthatpointthepassagetoSpainwouldbe
easy.Butassoonastheothershipwasrefitted,itshould
directitscoursethroughthearchipelago,andthatvast
oceantowardstheshoresofthecontinentwhichwemen-
tionedbefore, tillitfoundthatcoastwhichwasinthe
neighbourhood ofDarien,andwherethesouthernseawas
separatedfromthewestern,inwhicharetheSpanishIs-
lands,byaverynarrowspaceofland.Sotheshipsailed
againfromThedori,and,havinggone.twelvedegreeson
theothersideoftheequinoctial line,theydidnotfindthe
CapeofCattigara,whichPtolemysupposedtoextendeven
beyondtheequinoctial line;butwhentheyhadtraversed
animmensespaceofsea,theycametotheCapeofGood
Hopeandafterwards totheIslandsoftheHesperides,
p

292. 210 AERIYALINSPAIN.
Andjasthisshipletinwater,beingmuchknockedabout
bythislongvoyage,thesailors^manyofwhomhaddiedby
hardshipsbylandandbysea,couldnotcleartheshipof
thewater.Whereforetheylandedupononeoftheislands,
whichisnamedafterSaintJames,tobuyslaves.Butas
ourmenhadnomoney,theyofferedjsailorfashion,cloves
fortheslaves. Thismatterhavingcometotheearsofthe
Portuguesewhowereincommandoftheisland,thirteenof
ourmenwerethrownintoprison.Therestwereeighteen
innumber. Frightenedbythestrangeness ofthisbe-
haviour,theystartedstraightforSpain,leavingtheirship-
matesbehindthem.Andso,inthesixteenthmonthafter
leavingThedori,theyarrivedsafeandsoundonthesixth
ofSeptember,attheportnearHispalis(Seville).Worthier,
indeed,areoursailorsofeternalfamethantheArgonauts
whosailedwithJasontoColchis.Andmuchmoreworthy
wastheirshipofbeingplacedamongthestarsthanthatold
Argo
jforthatonlysailedfromGreecethroughPontus,
butoursfromHispalistothesouth;andafterthat,
throughthewholewestandthesouthernhemisphere,
penetratingintotheeast,andagainreturnedtothewest.
IcommendmyselfmosthumblytoyourReverence.
GivenatVallisoleti,onthe23rdofOctober,1522.
YourmostReverendandIllustriousLordship^s
Mosthumbleandconstantservant,
MaximilianusTkansylvanus.
(Printedat)Cologne,inthehouseofEuchariusCervicor-
nus,intheyearoftheVirgin^sChild,1623,inthemonth
ofJanuary.

293. EXTRACTSFROM
ADERROTEROORLOG-BOOK
OFTHEVOYAGEOFFERNANDODEMAGALLANESIN
SEARCHOFTHESTRAIT,FROMTHECAPEOF
ST.AUGUSTIN. FRANCISCOALBO,1519.
CoinedfromtheOriginalin"Simancasenu-nlegajosuelto".
AdditionalMS.,BritishMuseum,17,621.
{PublishedbyNavarrete.J
Tuesday,29tlidayofNovember,Ibegantotakethealti-
tudeoftliesunwhilstfollowingthesaidvoyage
;and
whilstinthevicinityofCapeSt.Augustine,andin7°alti-
tudeontheS.side,andatadistancefromthesaidcapea
matterof27leaguestoS.W.Wednesday,30thofsaid
month,Itookthesunin76°,anditsdeclinationwas
22°59',anditspolaraltitudewas8°59',andthecourse
wasS.S.W.
Onthe1stDecember,Thursday,thesunhad78°meri-
dianaltitude,and23°4'declination,andourdistance(from
theequator)11°4',andthecoursewasS.S.W.
Friday,the2ndofthesaidmonth,Itookthesunin
barely80°,anditsdeclinationwas23°3',thealtitudewas
just13°,andthecourseS.S.W.
Saturday,the3rdofthesaidmonth,Itookthesunin
82°15',whichhad23°13'declination,andourdistance
was14°68',andthecoursewasS.S.W.
Sunday,the4thofthesaidmonth,thesunhad83°alti-
tude,and23°17'declination;andourdistancecametobe
16°17',andthecoursewasS.S.W.
p2

294. ;212 ALVOTHEpilot'slog-book.
Monday,5tliofthesaidmonth,Itookthesuninbarely
84°,andithad23°21'declination ;andourdistanceto
theSouthcametobe17°13',andthecoursewas
S.S.W.iW.
Tuesday,6thofthesaidmonth,thesunhad85°meri-
dianaltitude,and23°25'declination;andtheheightto
theS.Polecametobe18°25'
;thecoursewasS.W.-JS.
Wednesday, 7thofthesaidmonth,Itookthesunin
86°80',andithad23°29'declination ;ourdistancefrom
thelinecame18°57',andthecoursewastoW.S.W.
Thursday,8thofthesaidmonth,Itookthesunin
86°30',andithad23°29'declination
;andsoouraltitude
cametobe19°59',andthecoursewasS.W.,andwe
soundedhere,andfoundbottomat10fathoms ;andthis
daywesawland,flatbeaches,anditwasthedayofthe
ConceptionofourLady.
Friday,9thofthesaidmonth(December),Itookthesun
in88°,anditsdeclinationwas23°31'
jandourdistance
fromtheequinoctiallinetowardstheSouthpartcametobe
21°31',andthecoursewasS.S.W.,andwearoseinthe
morningtotherightofSt.Thomas,onagreatmountain,
andsouthslopesalongthecoastintheS.S.W.direction;
andonthiscoast,at4leaguestosea,wefoundbottomat
25fathoms,freefromshoals;andthemountainsaresepa-
ratedonefromanother,andhavemanyreefsroundthem
;
andinBrazilandSt.Thomastherearemanyriversand
ports
;andgoingalongthecoast6leaguestherearemany
shoals2leaguesouttosea,andthereisadepthof12
fathomsonthem,and10,and8;butthecoastrunsN.B.
andS.W.toCapeFrio,andtherearemanyislandsand
rivers.
AtCapeFriothereisaverylargeriver,andtotheN.E.,
atthreeleaguesdistance,thereisthepeakofahighmoun-
tainandthreeislands ;andthecapeisin23°,andatthe
saidcapetherearethreeislands,andyouleavethemout-

295. ALVO'SLOG-BOOK. 213
side. Passingthesaidcapethereisalargebay,and
atitsentrancethereisalowisland,andthebaywithin
isverylarge,withmanyports;itextendstwoleagues
from,themouth,anditiscalledBayofSt.Lucy
;and
ifyouwishtopasstheisland,youleaveitontheleft
hand,and(theentrance) isnarrow;butthereisadepth
of7fathoms,andafoulbottom ;butoutsidethereis
adepthof20to25fathoms,andwithin,wherethereis
anchorage,thereare18fathoms. Inthisbaythereare
goodpeople,andplentyofthem,andtheygonaked,and
barterwithfish-hooks,andlooking-glasses,andlittlebells,
forvictuals. Thereisagooddealofbrazilwood,andthis
bayisin23°,andweenteredherethedayofSt.Lucy,and
remained tillthedayofSt.John,whichisthe27thofthe
monthofDecember ;andwesetsailthesameday,and
wenttoW.S.W.,andfoundsevenislets,andtotheright
ofthemthereisabay,anditiscalledtheBayofKings
;
ithasagoodentrance,andinthisneighbourhood,onthe
31stofthemonth,Itookthesunin86°45',anditsdecli-
nationwas22°8',andourlatitudecametobe25°23'.
Sunday,1stofJanuaryoftheyear1520,Itookthesun
in84°,andithad21°23'declination ;andthealtitude
fromthepolecametobe27°29';andonthedaysafterthe
firstdaywewenttoS.W.,andtheothertoW.,andthe
fourthdaytoS.W.^S. Thursday,the5th,thesunwasin
85°30'ofaltitude,and23°19'ofdeclination ;sothatour
distancefromthelinecametobe29°49',andthecourse-
wasS.W.iS.
Onthe6th,thedayoftheKings,thesunwasinbarely
80°,andhad21°8'ofdeclination ;andthealtitudefrom
thepolecametobe31°,andthecoursewasS.W.^W.
Saturday,the7th,Itookthesunin78°;ithad20°56'
ofdeclination,andourparallelwas32°56'
;thecoursewas
toS.W.IS.,andwewentalongthecoast.
Onthe8thIdidnottakethesun,butwewentto

296. 214 ALVOTHEpilot'sLOG-BOOK.
S.W.:jS.^andatnightwesoundedandfound50fathoms
;
andwealteredthecourse^andwentonthe9thofthe
saidmonthtoW.S.W. ;andinthemorningwesounded,
andfound15fathoms,andwewenttillmidday,andsaw
land,andthereItookthesunin76°,andithad20°31'of
declination ;andatnightweanchoredinabottomof
12fathoms—34°31'.
Tuesday,10thJanuary(1520),Ttookthesunin75°;it
hadadeclinationof20°,andourlatitudecameto35°.We
weretotherightoftheCapeofSta,Maria.Thencefoi--
wardthecoastrunsEastandWest,andthelandissandy
;
AvegaveitthenameofMontevidi(nowtheycallitcorrectly
Sautovidio),andbetweenitandtheCapeS**^Mariathere
isariverwhichiscalled(delosPatos)DuckRiver.From
thencewewentonforwardthroughfreshwater,andthe
coastrunsE.S.E.andW.N.W.fortenleaguesdistance;
afterthatittrendsN.E.andS.W.asfaras34|°,witha
depthof5,4and3fathoms;thereweanchored,andsentthe
shipSantiagoalongthecoasttoseeiftherewasaroad-
stead,andtberiverisin33|°.TotheN.E.wefoundsome
islets,andthemouthofaverylargeriver(itwastheriver
ofSolis),anditwenttotheN.Heretheyturnedbackto
theships,andthesaidshipwasawayfromusamatterof
25leagues,andtheywere15daysincoming;andduring
thistimetwootherofourshipswentinasoutherlydirec-
tiontoseeiftherewasaroadsteadforstayingat;and
thosewentinthespaceoftwodays,andtheCaptain-
Generalwentthither,andtheyfoundlandtotheS.S.W.,
20leaguesdistancefromus,andtheywerefourdaysiu
coming;andonreturningwetookinwaterandwood,and
wewentawayfromthere,tackingfromonetacktothe
otherwithcontrarywinds,untilwecameinsightofMonte-
vidi
;andthiswasonthe2nddayofthemonthofFebru-
ary,thedayofourLadyoftheCandlemas ;andatnight
weanchoredat5leaguesfrom-themountain,anditlayto

297. ALVO'SLOG-BOOK. 215
theS.E.andaquarterS.ofus.Afterwards^ontliemorn-
ingoftlie3rd,wesetsailfortheSouth,andwesounded,
andfound4,5,6,and7fathoms,alwaysincreasingin
depth;andthisdaywetookthesunin68°30';ithad
13°35'declination,andourlatitudecameto35°.
Saturday,4thFebruary,weanchoredinadepthofseven
fathoms,theshipSanAntoniohavinggotleaky,andwe
weretheretillthe5th,andafterwardsweweighedonthe
6th,andstoodonthesouthcourse,andatnightweanchored
ineightfathoms,andremainedtheretillnextday.
The7thwesetsailtoreconnoitrebetterthecoast,and
wesawthatittrendedS.E.^S.;afterthatwetookanother
tackandanchoredin8fathoms,andtherewetookthesun
in66°30',andithad12°15'declination,withwhichour
distancefromtheequinoctiallinetothesouthcametobe
35f
°
;afterthatwesailedthesameday,andatnightwe
anchoredin9fathoms,andstoodforCapeSantanton[Cabo
Blanco]itwastothesouthin36°,andthiswasTuesday,
the7th.
Onthe8thwesetsailfromthesaidpoint,anditisnorth
andsouthwithMontevidi,and27leaguesdistantfromit
;
thiscoastrunsN.andS.[thewidthoftheRiodelaPlata
is27leagues] ;fromthatplaceforwardwewentalongthe
coastroundthecapeofSt.Polonia ;afterthatthecoast
trendsfromN.E.toS.W.Thesaidcapeisin37°,andthe
landsandyandverylow,ithasseaofshallowdepthfor
adistanceoftwoleaguesfromland,of8,9,and10fathoms;
soweranallthisdaytotheS.W.,andthenightandday.
Thursday,9thofFebruary,Itookthesunin
63J°j
it
had11|°declination,andthealtitudecametobe38°30'
j
thecoastcanbesounded,andnotveryhighnormoun-
tainous,andwemadeoutmanysmokesalongthecoast
;
thiscoastrunsE.W.
IN.W.S.E.,andthepointiscalled
PuntadelasArenas.
Onthe10thItookthesunin62°
I,
andithad11°
8'

298. 216 ALVOTHEPILOT^SLOG-BOOK.
declination^ourdistancefromtheequinoctialcametobe
38°48'^andthecoastrunsE.W.,anditisaverypretty
coastforrunninginoneorotherdirection.
Onthe11thofthesaidmonth,Itookthesunin62%it
had10°47'declination,andthealtitudecametobe38°47',
andthecoursewasW.^N.W.,andthecoastraneastand
westfromthePointdelasArenas ;tothisplacethereisa
verygoodcoast,withsoundings,withmanylittlegreen
hillsandlowland.
Sundaythe12th,wedidnottakethesun,butfromthe
daybefore tillmiddaywebegantoruntoS.W.andto
S.W.andaquarterW.,andtoW.S.W.,andW.anda
quarterS.W.,butIcalculatethatthewholecoursewas
W.S.W.,andthisrunwasfrommiddayofthe11th, till
nightfallofthe12th,andatthathourweanchoredin9
fathoms,andfurtheronin13fathoms,andafterthatwe
hadanchoredwesawland,andwesetsailtotheN.,and
thiswasonthe13th,andinthemorningwewerealongside
ofsomeshoals,wheretheYictoriabumpedseveraltimes.
Item,thesamedaywewereatanchor,andwedidnot
takethesun^saltitude,andwewereinsoundingsof7
fathoms,andweremainedtheretillthe14th,andthesaid
dayItookthesunin60|°,andithad9°41'declination,
andouraltitudecameto39°11'.
Onthe15thofthesaidmonthItookthesunin60°,and
ithad9°13'declination,andourdistancecametobe
39°19',andwesailedasouthcourse,
Thursdaythe16th,wecouldnottakethesununtilthe
18th,andonthatdaywewerein39^°;andthenextday,
the19th,wewerein39|°,andthisdaywewenttoS.W.,
andwewentbythiscourse,andcouldnottakethesun
untilthe20thofthemonth.
Onthe20thItookthesu.nin57°,ithad7°27'declina-
tion,andourdistancetothesouthcameto40°17'.
Onthe21st,Itookthesunin55°,ithad7°4'declina-

299. ALVO'SLOG-BOOK. 217
tion^ouraltitudecameto42°4',thecoursewasS.W.^W.,
andwesoundedandfoundbottomat55fathoms.
Wednesdaythe22nd,Itookthesunin53°^ithad6°41'
declination^andourdistancecameto43°26',thecourse
wasS.W.
IW.;atnightwesoundedandfoundbottomat
55fathoms.
Onthe23rdItookthesunin58^°,ithad6°18'declina-
tion,ourdistancefromthelinecametobe43°3',the
coursewasW.N.W.
Onthe24thItookthesunin53°,ithad5°54'declina-
tion,ouraltitudefromthepolecameto42°54',andour
coursewasW.N.W.,andweweretotherightofavery
largebay,towhichwegavethenameofBayofSt.
Matthew,becausewefounditonhisday;weenteredwell
in,andcouldnotj&ndbottomuntilwewereentirelyinside,
andwefound80fathoms,andithasacircuitof50leagues,
andthemouthistotheN.W.,anditisinthealtitudeof
42i°.
Onthe25thIdidnottakethesun,butItookitonthe
26th,in51|°,andithad5°7'declination,bywhichwe
foundourselvesin43°27'tothesouthoftheline,andthe
coastrunsN.W.S.E.
i
K.S.
Onthe27thItookthesunin50|°,andithad4|°de-
clination,andsoouraltitudecametobe44°;andhereto
therighthandwefoundabay,andthreeleaguesbeforeit
therearetworocks,andtheylieEastandWestwiththe
saidbay,andfurtheronwefoundanother(bay),andthere
wereinitmanyseawolves,ofwhichwecaughteight,and
onthislandtherearenopeople,butitisverygoodland,
withprettyplainswithouttrees,andveryflatcountry.
Tuesday,28th,Itookthesunin48|-°,andithad4°21'
declination,andsowefoundourselvesin44°21',andthe
coursewastothesouth,andatnightwesawlandto
W.N.W.
Onthe20thItookthesunin48
1'',andthisdayithad

300. 218 ALVO^SLOG-BOOK.
4°declination,bywhichwefoundourselvesin451-°^andthe
coursewastoS.S.W.andtoW.S.W.andtoW.N.W.,and
IgivethewholeoftherunastoW.S.W.untilItookthe
sun,andafterwardsweweretwodaysthatwecouldnot
takeit.
OnFriday,2ndofMarch,Itookthesunin43°50',it
had3°10'declination,withwhichourdistancecametobe
47°;andafterthatwedidnottakethesunagainuntilwe
enteredaportcalledSt.Julian,andweenteredthereon
thelastdayofMarch,andremainedtheretillthedayof
St.Bartholomew,whichisthe24thofAugust,andthe
saidportisin49|°,andtherewecaulkedtheships,and
manyIndianscamethere,whogocoveredwithskinsof
antas,whicharelikecamelswithouthumps,andtheycarry
somebowsofcanesverysmallliketheTurkish,andthe
arrowsareliketheirs,andatthepointtheyhaveaflinttip
foriron,andtheyareveryswiftrunners,andwellmade
men,andwellfashioned.Wesailedthenceonthe24thof
thesaidmonthofAugust,andwentalongthecoastto
S.W.^W.,amatterof30leagues,andfoundarivercalled
SantaCruz,andweenteredthereonthe26thofAugust,
andremained tillthedayofS.Lucas,whichisthe18thof
themonthofOctober,andtherewecaughtmuchfish,and
wetookinwaterandwood,andthiscoastiswelldefined
andwithgoodmarks.
Thursday,the18thofOctober,wesailedfromthesaid
riverofSantaCruz,withcontrarywinds,wewentfortwo
daystackingabout,andthenwehadafairwind,andwent
totheS.S.W.fortwodays,andinthattimewetookthe
sunin50f°,anditwasonthe20th.
Onthe21stofthesaidmonth,Itookthesuninexactly
52°,atfiveleaguesfromtheland,andtherewesawanopen-
inglikeabay,andithasattheentrance,ontheright
handaverylongspitofsand,andthecapewhichwedis-
coveredbeforethisspit,iscalledtheCapeoftheVirgins,

301. ALVO'SLOG-BOOK. 219
andthespitofsandisin52°latitude^and52|°longitude,
andfromthespitofsandtotheotherpart,theremaybea
matterof5leagues^andwithinthisbaywefoundastrait
whichmaybealeagueinwidth^andfromthismouthto
thespityoulookEastandWest,andonthelefthand
sideofthebaythereisagreatelbow,withinwhichare
manyshoals,butwhenyouenterthestrait,keeptothe
Northside,andwhenyouareinthestraitgototheS.W.,
inthemiddleofthechannel,andwhenyouareinthe
strait,takecareofsomeshallowslessthanthreeleagues
fromtheentranceofthestraits,andafterthemyouwill
findtwoisletsofsand,andthenyouwillfindthechannel
open,proceedinitatyourpleasurewithouthesitation
;
andpassingthisstraitwefoundanothersmallbay,andthen
wefoundanotherstraitofthesamekindasthefirst,and
fromonemouthtotheotherrunsEastandWest,andthe
narrowpartrunsN.E.andS.W.,andafterwehadcome
outofthetwostraitsornarrows,wefoundaverylarge
bay,andwefoundsomeislands,andweanchoredatoneof
them
;andtookthesun,andfoundourselvesin52
J°,and
thencewecameinS.S.E.direction,andfoundaspitonthe
lefthand,andfromthencetothefirstmouththerewillbe
amatterof30leagues
;afterthatwewenttoS.W.a
matterof20leagues,andtherewetookthesun,andwe
werein
53f°,andfromtherewereturnedtoN.W.,amatter
of15leagues,andthereanchoredin53°latitude.'Inthis
stiaitthereareagreatmanyelbows,andthechainsof
mountainsareveryhighandcoveredwithsnow,withmuch
forest. AfterthatwewenttoN,W.andaquarterW.,and
inthiscoursetherearemanyislets;andissuingfi-omthis
straitthecoastturnstothenorth,andonthelefthandwe
sawacapevv^ithanisland,andwegavethemthenameof
CapeFermosoandCapeDeseado,anditisinthesame
latitudeastheCapeoftheVirgins,whichisatthebegin-
ningofthestraits,andfromthesaidCapeFermosowe

302. 220 FEAKCISCOALVO'SLOO-BOOK.
afterwardswenttoN.W.andtoN.,andtoN.N.E.^andwe
wentinthiscoursetwodaysandthreenights^andinthe
morningwesawlandofpointedhills,anditrunsNorth
andSouth(thusrunsthecoastoftheSouthsea)andfrom
thislandtoCapeFermosothereisamatterof20leagues,
andwesawthislandthe1stDecember.
NowIwillcommencethecourseandlatitudeofthis
voyageafterthisland,andthe1stdayofDecember,when
wewereoppositetoit;itisinlatitude48°.
December
—
Onthe2ndofDecemberwedidnottakethesun,but
wewenttotheN.N.E.,andwerein47^°,andthisdaywe
foundourselvesthatmuchahead,
-^asallthiscountryisin
thesamealtitude.
Onthe3rd,wewentN.W.,andfoundourselvesin46°30'.
„ 4th,toN.W.,
„
451
„ 6th,toN.
IN.W. „ Ul
„ 6th,toN.E.
I
E. „ 44
,-, 7th,toN.E.
i
E. „ 43f
„ 8th,toN.E.
iN. „ 43
J
„ 9th,toN.N.E. „ 42|
„10th,toN.E.
i
E. „
42 12'.
nth,toN.E.IE. „ 41f
12th,toN.E.
i
E. „ 41i
13th,toN.E.
I
N. „ 40
14th,toN. „ 38f
15th,toN.iN.E. „ 38
16th,toN.
IN.W. „
361
17th,toN.W.
-I
N. „
341
18th,toN.
iN.W. „
331
19th,toN.W.
„ 32f
20th,toN.W. „ 31f
21st,toN.W. „ 30f
'"Tantoabante." Thesewordsaredoubtful.

303. ALVO'SLOG-EOOK. 221
Onthe22na,toW.
i
S.W.,andfoundourselvesin
30f°
„
23rd,toW.KW.
,, 30
,,
24tli,toW.N.W. „ 29f
,,
25th,toW.N.W.
,, 29i
,,
26th,toN.W.
iW. „ 28f
„
27th,toN.W.
iW. „ 27|
,,
28th,toN.W.
IW. „ 26f
„
29th,toW.N.W. „ 26^
„
30th,toW.,12leagues.
,,
31st,toN.W. „ 25^
Year1521—January
—
Onthe1st,toW.
iN.W. „ 25
„2nd,toW.KW. „
24
„ 3rd,toN.W.
iW. „ 23^
„ 4th,toW.N.W. „
22
„ 5th,toW.
IS.W. „
23
„ 6th,toW.
iNW. „
22
„ 7th,toW.,25leagues.
„ 8th,toW.,23leagues.
„ 9th,toW.
IN.W. „ 22i-
„
10th,toW.
IN.W. „
22
„
11th,toW.iN.W. „ 21|
„
12th,toW.
iN.W. „ 2H
„
13th,toW.
iN.W, „
21
„
14th,toN.W.
iW. „
-20i
„
15th,toW.N.W. „ 19|
„
16th,toW.N.W. .„ 19
„
17th,toW.N.W. „
181
„
18th,toW.N.W. „
171
„
19th,toN.W.
iW. „ 161
„
20th,toN.W.
iW. „
15
„
21st,toS.W. ., 15f
„
22nd,toSW. „ 16f
„
23rd,toW.
iNW. „ 16^
„
24th,toW.\N.W. „ 16i

304. 222 ALVO'SLOG-BOOK.
Andinthisneighbourlioodwefoundanisletwithtreeson
it.Itisuninhabited;andwetooksoundingsatit^andfound
nobottom,andsowewentonourcourse.Wecalledthis
isletSanPablo,,havingdiscovered itonthedayofhiscon-
version,anditis
^leaguesfromthatofTiburones.
Onthe25thofthesaidmonth,toKW.
IW.,in
15f°
26th
„ 27th
„ 28th
„ 29th
,, 30th
31st
February
—
Onthe1st
„
2nd
„ 3rd
4th
toN.W.
IW.,in151
toN.W.
iW.,in15
toW.N.W., in14-1
toW.N.W.,
toW.
IN.W.,in131
toW.
i
N.W.,in131
toN.W.,
toN.W.,
toN.W.,
toN.W.,
in13
in121
inllf
in11
f
Inthislatitudewefoundanuninhabited island,wherewe
caughtmanysharks,andthereforewegaveitthenameof
IsleofTiburones,anditiswiththeStraitN.W.andS.E.
^
E.andW.,anditisin
10f°
S.latitude,andisdistant . . .
leaguesfromtheLadroneIslands.
Onthe5thFeb.,toN.W., in10°
6th ,, toN.V/., inH
7th ,, toN.W., in
«f
8th ,, toN.W., inn
9th ,, toN.W.
iW.,inH
10th ,, toN.W., in5
11th ,, toN.W., in^
12th ,,toN.W., in1
13th ,, toN.W., in-30'N.oftheline
14th ,, toN.W., in1N.latitude.
15th ,, toN.W., inIf
^TheMS.oftlieBritishMuseumhas"9",Avhichmustbeanerror.

305. in21°
inH
in5
in
5f
in^
in8
in91
in111
ALVO^SLOG-COOK. 223
OntheIGtliFeb.,toW.N.W.,
17th„ toW.N.W.,
18th ,, toW.N.W.,
19th ,,toW.N.W.,
20th„ toW.KW.,
21st ,, toW.KW.,
22nd ,,toW.KW.,
23rd„toW.KW.,
24th ,, toW.
I
N.W.,in12
25th ,, toW.iKW.,in12^
26th
,, toW., in12
27th ,, toW., in12
28th„ toW.
i
N.W.,in13
March,1521—
Onthe1StMarch,toW., in1
3
„2nd
,, toW., in13
„3rd„ toW., in13
„4th„ toW., in13
„ 5th„ toW., in1
3
Onthe6th(March),toW.,in13°.Thisdaywgsaw
land,andwenttoit,andthereweretwoislands,whichwere
notverylarge;andwhenwecamebetweenthem,weturned
totheS.W.,andleftonetotheN.W.,andthenwesawa
quantityofsmallsailscomingtous,andtheyranso,that
theyseemedtofly,andtheyhadmatsailsofatriangular
shape,andtheywentbothways,fortheymadeofthepoop
theprow,andoftheprowthepoop,astheywished,and
theycamemanytimestousandsoughtustostealwhatever
theycould;andsotheystoletheskiffoftheflag-ship,and
nextdaywerecovered it;andthereItookthesun,and
oneoftheseislandsisin
12
f°,andtheotherin13°and
more(N.latitude)
;andthisislandof12°iswiththatof
TiburonesW.N.W.andE.S.E.(anditappearstobe20
leaguesbroadattheN.end),fromtheislandof12°we

306. 224 ALVO'SLOO-BOOK.
sailedonthe9tTiofMarch^inthemorning,andwentW.
|
S.W.
TheislandsofLadronesare300leaguesfromGilolo.
Onthe9thofMarch,toW.
IS.W.,in12°
„ 10th „
toW.
IS.W.,in12-^
„ 11th „ toW.
IS.W.,inHi
„ 12th „
toW.
IS.W.,in11
,, 14th „
toW.
i
S.W.,inlOf
„ 15th „ toW.
i
S.W.,in10
Onthe16th(March)wesawlaud,andwenttowardsit
totheN.W.,andwesawthatthelandtrendednorth,and
thatthereweremanyshoalsnearit,andwetookanother
tacktothesouth,andwefellinwithanothersmallisland,
andthereweanchored:andthiswasthesameday,and
thisislandiscalledSuluano,andthefirstoneisnamed
Yunuguan ;andherewesawsomecanoes,andwewentto
them,andtheyfled;andthisislandisin
9f
°N.latitudeand
in189°longitudefromthemeridian.Tothesefirstislands,
fromthearchipelagoofSt.La.zarus. ...
Ytem.FromtheStraitofAllSaintsandCapeFermoso
tothesetwoislands,therewillbe106°30'longitude,which
straitiswiththeseislandsinastraightcourseW.N.W.
andE.S.E.,whichbringsyoustraighttothem.Fromhere
wewentonourcourse.
Leavingtheseislands,wesailedW.,andfellinwiththe
islandofG-ada,whichisuninhabited,andthereweprovided
ourselveswithwaterandwood.Thisislandisveryfree
fromshoals.
FromherewedepartedandsailedW.,andfellinwitha
largeislandcalledSeilani,whichisinhabited,andcontains
gold
;wecoasted it,andwenttoW.S.W.,toasmallin-
habitedislandcalledMazaba.Thepeopleareverygood,
andthereweplacedacrossuponamountain
;andfrom
thencetheyshowedusthreeislandsintheW.S.W.direction,
andtheysaythereismuchgoldthere,andtheyshowedus

307. ALVO^SLOG-BOOK. 225
howtheygather it,andtheyfoundsmallpieceslikebeans
andlikelentils
;andthisislandisin9|-°N.latitude.
WedepartedfromMazabaandwent'N.,makingforthe
islandofSeilanijandafterwardscoastedthesaidislandto
theN.W.asfaras10°^andtherewesawthreeislets;and
wewenttotheW.,amatterof10leagues,andthenwefell
inwithtwoislets,andatnightwestopped
;andonthe
morrowwewentS.W.and|S.^,amatterof12leagues,as
faras10^°,andthereweenteredachannelbetweentwo
islands,onecalledMatan,andtheotherSubo
;andSubo,
withtheisleofMazabaandSuluan,areE.W.
IN.W.S.B.
;
andbetweenSuboandSeilaniwesawaveryhighlandto
thenorth,whichiscalledBaibai,andtheysaythatthereis
initmuchgoldandprovisions_,andmuchextentofland,
thattheendofitisnotknown.
FromMazabaandSeilaniandSubo,bythecoursewhich
wecame,towardsthesouthpart,takecare
;forthereare
manyshoals,andtheyareverybad
;forthisacanoewould
notstopwhichmetusinthiscourse.
FromthemouthofthechannelofSuboandMatanwe
wentwestinmid-channel,andmetwiththetownofSubu,
atwhichweanchored,andmadepeace,andtheretheygave
usriceandmilletandflesh;andweremainedtheremany
days;andthekingandthequeen,withmanypeople,be-
cameChristiansoftheirfreewill.
WesailedfromSubu,andwentS.W.till9|°between
theheadofSubuandanislandcalledBohol;andonthe
W.sideoftheheadofSubuthereisanother,whichis
namedPanilongo,anditbelongstoblackmen;andthis
islandandSubucontainmuchgoldandmuchginger,and
itisin9^°,andSubuin10|°;andsowecameoutofthe
channel,andcametenleaguestotheS.,andanchoredoff
theislandofBohol,andthereofthethreeshipswemade
two,andburnedtheother,nothavingcrewsenough ;and
thisislandisin
9J°.

308. 226 ALVO'SLOG-BOOK.
WesailedfromBoholtoQuipittotheS.W.jandcameto
ancliorattliesameanclioragetotlierightofariver ;and
intheoffingtotheN-W.parttherearetwoislets,which
arein8|°,andtherewecouldnotgetprovisions^forthere
werenone,butwemadepeacewiththem;andthisisland
ofQuipithasmuchgold,ginger,andcinnamon,andsowe
decidedongoingtoseekprovisions ;andfromthishead
ofQuipittothefirstislandstherewillbeacourseof112
leagues; itHeswiththemE.W-iN.E.S.W.,andthis
islandliesdueEastandWest.
FromthencewesailedandwenttoW.SW.,andtoS.W.
andW.,untilwefellinwithanislandinwhichtherewere
veryfewpeople,anditwasnamedCuagayan;andhere
weanchoredontheN.sideofit,andweaskedwherethe
islandofPoluanwas,togetprovisionsofrice,forthereis
muchofitinthatisland,andtheyloadmanyshipsfor
otherparts;andsotheyshoweduswhereitwas,andso
wewenttotheW.N.W.,andfellinwiththeheadofthe
islandofPoluan.ThenwewenttoN.:jN.E.,coasting
alongituntilthetownSaocao,andtherewemadepeace,
andtheywereMoors
;andwewenttoanothertown,which
isofCafres ;andthereweboughtmuchrice,andsowe
provisioned ourselvesverywell
;andthiscoastruns
K.E.S.W.,andthecapeoftheN.E.partisin9|°,andthe
partofSW.isin8|°;andsowereturnedtoSW.asfaras
theheadofthisisland,andtherewefoundanisland,and
nearitthereisashoal,andinthiscourse,andalongPol-
uan,therearemanyshoals,andthisheadliesE.W.with
Quipit,andN.W.S.E.^EW.withCuagayan.
FromPoluanwesailedforBorney,andwecoastedthe
above-named island,andwenttoitsSW.head,andnear
therefoundanislandwhichhasashoalontheE.;andin
7|°wehadtochangethecoursetoW.,untilrunning15
leagues ;afterthatweranS.W.,coastingtheislandof
Borneiuntilthecityitself;andyoumustknowthatitis

309. ALVO'SLOG-BOOK. 22_7
necessarj^togoclosetoland,becauseoutsidetliereare
manyshoals^anditisnecessarytogowiththesounding
lead-inyourhand,because itisaveryvilecoast,and
Borneiisalargecity,andhasaverylargebay,andinside
itandwithout ittherearemanyshoals
;itis,therefore,
necessarytohaveapilotofthecountry. Soweremained
hereseveraldays,andbegantotrade,andwemadegood
agreements ofpeace;andafterthattheyarmedmany
canoestotakeus,whichwere260innumber,andthey
werecomingtous,andaswesawthemwesailedingreat
haste,andwewentoutsideandwesawsomejunkscoming,
andwewenttothem,andwecapturedone,inwhichwas
asonoftheKingofLuzon,whichisaverylargeisland,
andalsothecaptainlethimgowithoutthecounselofany-
one.
Borneyisalargeisland,andthereisalsoinitcinnamon,
mirabolams,andcamphor,whichisworthmuchinthese
countries
;andtheysaythatwhentheydietheyembalm
themselveswithit.Borneyisin5°25'latitude—thatis,
theportitself—and201°5'oflongitudefromthelineof
demarcation,andfromherewesailedandreturnedbythe
sameroad;andthisportofBorneyliesE.N.E.W.S.W.
withtheisleofMazaba,andinthiscoursetherearemany
islands
;andfromthecapeattheIST.E.ofBorneitoQuipit
isE.W.-iN.E.S.W.
WesailedfromBorney,andreturnedbythesamecourse
whichwehadcome,andsowepassedbetweentheheadof
theisleofBorneiandPoluan ;andwewenttotheW.,^to
fallinwiththeisleofCuagayan
;andsowewentbythe
samecoursetomakefortheislandofQuipitontheS.side,
andinthiscourse,betweenQuipitandCuagayan,wesaw
totheS.anislandwhichtheycallSolo,inwhichthereare
manypearls,verylarge—theysaythatthekingofthis
islandhasapearllikeanegg.Thisislandisin6°latitude;
>Query,east.
Q2

310. 228 ALVO^SLOG-BOOK.
andsOjgoingonthiscourse,wefellinwitlitlireesmall
islands ;andfurtlieronwemetwithanislandnamed
Tagima,andtheysaytherearemanypearlsthere
;and
thisislandlieswithSoloN.E.S.W.^E.W.,andTagimais
in64°. ItisoppositetheCapeofQuipit,andthesaid
capeisin7^°,andlieswithPaluanE.S.E.W.N.W.
FromherewecoastedtheislandofQuipitonthesouth
sidojandwewenttoE.^S.E.asfarassomeislets;and
alongthecoasttherearemanyvillages,andthereismuch
goodcinnamoninthisisland,andweboughtsomeofit
;
andthereismuchgingeronthiscoast ;andsowewentto
E.N.E.,untilwesawagulf;thenwewenttoS.E.untilwe
sawalargeisland,andthencetothecapeattheeastofthe
islandofQuipit,andatthecapeofthisislandthereisa
verylargevillage,whichcollectsmuchgoldfromavery
largeriver,andthiscapeis191^°ofthemeridian.
WesailedfromQuipittogotoMaluco,andwenttoS.E.,
sightinganislandcalledSibuco
;afterthatwewentto
S.S.E.,andsawanotherisland,calledYiranoBatolague;
andwewentbythesamecourseasfarasthecapeofthis
island,andafterthatwesawanother,whichtheycallOan-
dicar;andwewenttotheE.betweenthetwo,untilwe
wentaheadofit;andthereweenteredachannelbetween
Candicarandanother,whichtheycallSarangani ;andat
thisislandweanchoredandtookapilotforMaluco ;and
thesetwoislandsarein
4f°j
andthecapeofQaipitin7^°,
andtheCapeofSibuco,onthesouthside,isin6°,andthe
CapeofViranuBatologuein5°,andfromtheCapeof
QuipitandCandicartherunisfromN.N.W.toS.S.E.,
withouttouchinganycape.
WesailedfromSarangani,andwentS.|S.E.,untilwe
cameoppositeanislandcalledSanguin,andbetweenthe
twoaremanyislets,andtheyareontheWestside,and
thisislandisin
3f°.FromBanguiwewentS.;|S.E.toan
islandcalledSian;betweenthemtherearemanyislets.

311. ALVO'SLOG-BOOK. 229
andthisisland isinjust3°.FromSianwewentto
S^S.W.^asfarasanislandcalledPaginsara, itisin1|°;
andfromthisislandtoSaranganitherunisN.S^N.E.S.W.
insightofalltheseislands.
FromPaginsarawewenttoS.^S.E.,untilwecamebe-
tweentwoislets^whichlietogether,N.E.andS.W.,and
thatonetotheN.E.isnamedSuar,andtheotherisnamed
Atean_,andoneisin1°45',andtheotherin1
J°.
FromAteanwewentS.S.E.untilwesightedtheMolucos,
andthenwewenttoEast,andenteredbetweenMareand
Tedori,atwhichweanchored,andtherewewereverywell
received,andmadeverygoodarrangements forpeace,and
madeahouseonshorefortradingwiththepeople,andso
weremainedmanydays,untilwehadtakenincargo.
TheislandsoftheMalucosarethese :Terrenate,Tidori,
Mare,Motil,Maquian,Bachian,andGilolo,theseareall
thosewhichcontainclovesandnutmeg
;andtherearealso
severalothersamongthem,thenamesofwhichIwillmen-
tion,andinwhataltitudetheyare,andthefirstisTer-
renate,whichisonthesideoftheequinoctialline.
Terrenateisinaltitudeof -
Tidori „ „
Mare „ „
Motilisontheline
Maquianistothesouth
Cayoan „
,,
Bachian „ „
LaTalata
,, ,,
-
LaTalata(Lata-lata) liesnorthofTerrenateN.N.E.and
S.S.W.,andthatwhichisontheequinoctiallineis190°30'
oflongitudefromthelineitself,andtheislandofMotil
itselfwithCagayanliesN.W.andS.E.,andwithTagima,
whichisoppositetheislandofQuipit, itliesN.E.and
S.W.\N.S.,butinthesecoursesonecannotventureto
pass,fortheysaytherearemanyshoals,andsowecame
1° 0'
30
15
15
20
1
1 I

312. 230 ALVO^SLOG-BOOK.
byanothercoursejcoastingthesaidislands.Fromthe
islandsofMalucowesailedSaturday,21stDecember,of
thesaidyear1521,andwewenttotheislandofMare,and
theretookinwoodtoburn,andthesamedaywesailed
andwenttoS.S.W.^makingforMotil,andthencewewent
bythesamecourse,makingforMaquian,andthencewe
wenttoS.W.,runningbyalltheseislands,andothers,
whicharethese
:—Cuayoan,Laboan,Agchian,Latalata,
andothersmallislands,whichremainintheN.W.quarter,
andnowIwillsayinwhatlatitudeandlongitudeareeach
oneseparately,andwhicharethosewhichcontaincloves
andotherspices. ThefirsttotheNorthisTerrenate,
whichisin1°North,andTidore40'andMare15',and
Motilontheequinoctial line,andtheselieNorthand
South. TheotherstotheSoutharethese :Maquiis
in20',Cuayoanin40',andLaboanin1°,andLatalata
in1°15',andBachian lieswithTerrenateB.N.E.and
W.S.W.
jandtotheS.E.ofalltheseislandsthereisavery
largeislandcalledGilolo,andthereareclovesinit,but
veryfew;thereforetherearesevenislandswhichcontain
cloves,andthosewhichhavealargequantityarethese :
Terrenate,Tidore,Motil,Maqui,andBachian,whichare
thefiveprincipalones,andsomeofthemcontainnutmeg
andmace.Motilisontheline,andisinlongitudeofthe
mei'idianof191°45'.
FromLatalatawewenttoS.W.^W,,andfellinwith
anislandwhichiscalledLumutola, itisinlf°,andonthe
W.sidethereisanotherislandcalledSulan,andatthese
islandstherearemanyshoals,andfromhencewetookthe
coursetotheSouth,towardsanislandnamedEuro,and
betweenthesethree,thereisanotherislandwhichisnamed
Fenado,itisin2|°,andEuroisin
3J°,anditlieswith
BachianN.E.andS.W.iN.S.inlongitude194°;andtothe
EastofBurothereisaverylargeislandcalledAmbon,in
whichtheymakemuchcottoncloths,andbetween itand

313. ALVO'SLOG-BOOK. 231
Burotlierearesomeislets;takecareofthem,forthisitis
necessarytocoasttheislandofBurototheEast,andto
theSouthofit.Itookthesunin70°24',ithad22°36'
declination,andsothelatitudecametobe3°.Iwasin
theSouthernpartoftheisland,andthiswasonthe27th
ofDecember,onFriday.Onthe28thofthesaidmonth,
Ididnottakethesun,butwewereintheneighbourhood
ofthesaidisleofBuro,andBidia,whichliestotheeast-
ward.
Sunday,29th,Itookthesunin71^°,ithad22°21'de-
clination,andourdistancecametobe3°61',andwewere
oppositetheisleofAmbon.
Onthe30thItookthesuninthealtitudeoftheday
before,incalm,itwasMonday.
Onthe31stIdidnottakethesun,wewereamatterof
12leaguesfromtheIsleofAmbonE.N.E.andW.S.W.,
thedaywasTuesday.
1522—
The1stdayofJanuary,1522,Itookthesuninbarely
73°,ithad21°64'declination, thealtitudecametobe
4°45'.
Onthe2ndofthemonth,Itookthesunin
73f
°,ithad
21f°
declination,ourdistancecametobe5|°,thecourse
wastoS.W.,anditwasThursday.
Friday,3rd,Ididnottakethesun,buttheshipmade
thecourseofS.S.W.,inlatitudeof6^°,afterthatwetook
thecoursetoN.W.
Onthe4thofthemonthIdidnottakethesun,but
wewerein
6f°,
thecoursewastoN.W.,andtheday
Saturday.
Sunday,the5th,Itookthesunin76°,ithad21°14'
declination,thelatitudecameto6°14'.
Onthe6th,Monday,Itookthesunin76°,ithad21°
2'
declination,thelatitudecametobe7°2'.
Onthe7th,Itookthesunin76
1°,ithad20°60'decli-

314. 232 ALVO^SLOG-BOOK.
nation^thelatitudecametobe7^°,andthecoursewasto
S.W.Tuesday.
Onthe8thofthemonth,Itookthesunin77|°,ithad
20'^37'declination,andthelatitudecametobe8°7',the
coursewastoS.W.,andthedayWednesday,andthisday
wesawsomeislands,whichlieEastandWest,andthis
dayweenteredbetweentwoofthem,whicharethese,
LamalucoandAliguom
;betweenthemaretwolittleones
whichyouwillleaveontherighthandafterenteringthe
channel,theyareinhabited ;thischannelliesN.B.SW.
^
E.W.,withEuro,andalltheseislandsareteninnumber,
andtheyheE.W.
I
N.E.S.W.,andtheyhaveoflongitude
amatterof50leagues ;weranalongthem,withverybad
weatherfromtheSouth;wecoastedthemandanchored
offthelast,whichiscalledMalua,whichisin8g-°,the
othersarenamedLiaman,Maumana,Cui,Aliguim,Bona,
Lamaluco,Ponon,Vera.WesailedfromMaluaandwent
totheSouth,andfoundtheislandofTimor,andwecoasted
thecoastfromeasttowest,onthenorthsideofthis
island,whichisinthelatitudeof9",andthenearestland
onthenorthside,andthislandwillhave10leagues
journey,andthiscoastlieswithEuroN.E.S.W.^N.S.,
inlongitudeof197°45',andofthisislandofTimorwe
coastedallthecoastfromeasttowest,asfarasthevillage
ofManvai ;andfirstwecamenearthevillageofQueru,
andfromQuerutoManvai,thecoastrunsN.E.S.W.
^
N.S.,andhereItookthesunonthe5thdayofFebruary,
in861",andithad12°44'declination,sothatthelatitude
cametobe9°24',andthisislandisverylargeandpopu-
lous,andalltheislandhasmuchsandalwood,andthere
aremanytownsinit.
Onthe8thofFebruaryItookthesunin
87J°,andit
had11°42'ofdeclination,w4thwhichourdistancecameto
be9^°,andwewereattheheadoftheislandofTimor,at

315. DISCOVERYOPAMSTERDAMISLAND. 233
theWestend^andfromheretotheEasterncapethecoast
runsE.N.E.toW.S.W.,anditwasSaturday.
Sunday^9fchofthesaidmonth,Itookthesunin88|-°,
andithad11^°declination.Ourlatitudecametobe9°35',
andwewereatthemostsalientcapeofalltheisland,and
fromthereitgoesfallingofftotheS.W.andS.
Onthe]OthofthesamemonthItookthesunin88^°,
ithad10°58'declination
;ourlatitudecametobe9°28',
andtheheadoftheislandlaytothesouth,andtheday
wasMonday.
Onthe11th,Tuesday,Itookthesunin88^°,ithad
9^°declination ;thelatitudecameto9°35',andwewerein
calm.
Wednesday,the12th,Ididnottakethesun,butwe
werebecalmedintheneighbourhood ofwherewewerethe
thedaybefore,oralittlemore.
Onthe13thItookthesunin89|°;ithad9°52'de-
clination
;thelatitudecameto10°32',andwewereinthe
neighbourhood ofislandsofwhichwedonotknowthe
names,norwhethertheyareinhabited. TheylieE.S.E.
andW.N.W.withthewestcapeofTimor,andfromhere
wetookourcoursetotheCapeofGroodHope,andwentto
w.s.w.
[AfterthisthecoursewasW.S.W.forseveraldays,
andthereisnothingworthyofnotetillTuesday,the18th
ofMarch,whentheVictoriadiscoveredAmsterdamIsland.]
Onthe18thofthesaidmonth(March),Itookthesunin
49|°,ithad2°55'declination,thelatitudecametobe
37°35',andwhilsttakingthesunwesawaveryhigh
island,andwewenttowai"dsittoanchor,andwecouldnot
fetchit;andwestruckthesailsandlaytountilnextday,
andthewindwasW.;andwemadeanothertacktothe
northunderstormsails;^andthiswasonthe19th,andwe
couldnottakethesun;wewereeastandwestwiththe
1"Papaliigos."
u

316. 234 ALVO^SLOG-BOOK.
island^anditisin38°^tothesoutli^anditappearstliat
itisnninhabitedjandithasnotreesatall,andithasa
circumferenceofamatterofsixleagues.
Onthe20thofthesaidmonth,Thursday,Ididnottake
thesun,butwewereeastandwestwiththeisland,andwe
wenttoN.W.andtoN.N.W.and
I
N.W.,andforthewhole
courseIputdownamatterof15leaguestotheN.N.W.,
andinthelatitudeof35|°.
Onthe22ndofthesaidmonthItookthesunin50
J°
:it
had4°27'declination; thelatitudecameto36°18'.The
daybeforewehadstruckthesailsuntilthemorningofthe
saidSaturday,andthisdaywesetsailandwenttothe
N.W.
Onthe8thofthesaidmonth(May)Ididnottakethe
sun;but,accordingtotherunwehadmade,wethought
wewereaheadoftheOape,andonthisdaywesawland,
andthecoastrunsN.E,andS.W.andaquartereastand
west;andsowesawthatwewerebehindtheOapea
matterof160leagues,andoppositetheriverDelInfante,^
eightleaguesdistantfromitintheofl&ng ;andthisdaywe
werelyingtowithwindsfromthewestandwest-north-
west,anditwasThursday.
Onthe9thIdidnottakethesun,butwemadeland
andanchored,andthecoastwasverywild,andwere-
mainedthustillnextday;andthewindshiftedtoW.S.W.,
anduponthatwesetsail,andwewentalongthecoastto
findsomeportforanchoringandtakingrefreshmentsfor
thepeoplewhoweremostsuffering,whichwedidnotfind.
Andwestoodouttosea,tobeatourease;andwesaw
manysmokesalongthecoast,andthecoastwasverybare,
1Itis37°52'
.Thisisthenorthernmost ofthetwoislands,St.
Paul'sandAmsterdam. TheDutchcalltheN.IslandAmsterdam,and
theEnglishcallitSt.Paul'sinordinarymaps.
2TheGreatFishRiver.

321. ALVO'SLOG-BOOK. 235
withoutanytrees^andthiscoastrunsN.E.andS.W. :itis
in33°latitude^anditwasSaturday,10thofMay.
Friday,the16th(May),Itookthesunin33|°jithad
21°6'dedination
;thelatitudecameto35°39',andwe
wereE.S.E.andW.N.W.,withtheCapeofGoodHope
twentyleaguesofffromit;andthisdaywesprungour
fore-mastandfore-yard^,andwewerealldayhoveto,and
thewindwasW.
[TheVictoriadoubledtheCapeofGoodHopebetween
the18thandthe19thofMay,andarrived]onthe9thofthe
monthofJuly,andanchoredintheportofE,ioGrandein
Santiago[oftheCapeVerdeIslands],andtheyreceivedus
verywell,andgaveuswhatprovisionswewanted ;and
thisdaywasAVednesday,andtheyreckonedthisdayas
Thursday,andsoIbelievethatwehadmadeamistakeof
ada}';andweremainedtheretillSundayinthenight,and
wesetsailforfearofbadweatherandthediflBcultyofthe
port;andonthemorrowwesentourboatonshoretoget
morerice,whichwewanted,andwewerestandingoffand
ontillitcame.
Onthe14thofJuly,Monday,wesentourboatonshore
formorerice,anditcameatmidday,andreturnedformore,
andwewerewaitingforittillnight,anditdidnotcome;and
wewaited tillnextday,anditnevercame;thenwewent
neartheporttoseewhatthematterwas,andaboatcame
andtoldustogiveourselvesup,andthattheywouldsend
uswithashipwhichwascomingfromtheIndies,andthat
theywouldputsomeoftheirpeopleinourship,andthat
thegentlemenhadsoordered.Werequiredthemtosend
usourboatandmen,andtheysaidthattbeywouldbring
ananswerfromthegentlemen ;andwesaidwewouldtake
anothertack,andwouldwait :andsowetookanothertack,
andwemadeallsail,andwentawaywithtwenty-twomen,
sickandsound,andthiswasTuesday,the15thofthe

322. 236 ALVO'SLOG-BOOK.
montliofJuly.Onthe14thItookthesun.Thistownis
in15°10'.
September^1522.
Onthe4<thofthesaidmonth,inthemorning",wesaw
land,anditwasCapeSt.Yincent,anditwastothenorth-
eastofus,andsowechangedourcoursetotheS.E,,toget
awayfromthatCape.
Themanuscripthasattheend :
V*°Simancas,8Setiembre,1783,Muuoz.
D.JuanBautistaMuiioz,whodiedin1822or1823,madealarge
collectionoftransci-iptsfromtheSimancasandSevillearchives,which
Navarretemadeuseof.In1793Munozpublishedthefirstvolumeof
bisIlistoriadelNuevoMundo,whichheneverfinished.

323. ACCOUNTOFWHATHAPPENED
TO
THESHIP-TEINITY''ANDHERCREW
Aftershepartedcompanyiviththe
''
Victoria''.
From,Navarrete.
AeteetlieVictorialeftTidore,thecrewoftheTrinitycom-
raencedcareeningtheirship^andtookoutofherandplaced
inthestore-houseinTidoretheirgoodsandthegunsof
theConce'ption,whichtheyhadburned,andoftheSantiago,
whichwaslost.GonzaloGomezdeEspinosadeterminedto
leaveinchargeofthesegoodsandfactorytheaccountant,
JuandeCampos,asclerk;theofficer,LuisdelMolino ;the
servants,AlonsodeCota,Genoese,andDiegoArias
;and
MasterPedro,abombardier.
TakingleaveoftheKingofTidore,theTrinitysailed
thenceonthe6thofApril1522,withfiftymenonthe
muster-roll,andacargoofninehundredquintalsofcloves.
TheTrinitysailedforfortyleaguestoanislandnamed
Zanufo,in2deg.30min.IST.latitude,belonging-totheKing
ofTidore,thencetotheopensea,wheretheycalculated
theyhadtwothousandleaguestoruntoPanama. In20
deg.theyfellinwithanisland,wheretheytookinanative,
andcontinuinganortherlycourseto42deg.,theymetwith
astormwhichlastedfivedays,andtheyhadtocutawaythe
castleattheprow
;theirpoopwasbroken;theirmainmast
wasbrokenintwo.Thecrewsfellsick,andtheyreturned
toseektheislandfromwhichtheyhadtakenthenative
;
but,notbeingabletofetph it,theyarrivedatanother

324. 238 THECREWOFTHE^'tRINTTY^\
twentyleaguesdistantfrom it. Thisislandwasnamed
Mao,andistothenorthoftheislandBotaha ;theyare
in12deg.and13deg. Thisislandwasthreehundred
leaguesfromtheMoluccas^andtheywereamonthanda
halfingettingthere;manyofthecrewdied.Whenthey
arrivedandanchoredatthefirstland,whichwasZanufo,
avesselpassedbywhichinformedthemthatafortnight
IaftertheTrinitysailed,fiveorsevenPortuguese sailhad
arrivedatTerrenate,whosecaptainwasAntoniodeBrito,
andthattheywerebuildingafortressthere.Barrosstates
thatthefirststoneofthiswasplacedbyAntoniodeBrito
June24th,1522.ThecaptainoftheTrinitybeggedthe
peopleofthisvesseltotakeamantoTerrenate,whowas
BartolomeSanchez,theclerkoftheship,bywhomhesent
alettertothePortuguese captain,begginghim,onthe
partofHisMajesty,tosendhimsuccourtopreventthe
shipbeinglost,forhiscrewwassickandreducedinnum-
ber.GonzaloGomez,seeingthatthiswasdelayed,weighed,
andcametoanchorintheportofBenaconora. Simon
Abreu,andDuarteRoger,clerkoftheKingofPortugaFs
factory,camethere,withotherpeople,inacaracora,and
afterthatcameafustaandcaravel,withotherarmedPor-
tuguese,whoenteredtheTrinity,andgavetothecaptaina
letterfromAntoniodeBritoinanswertohis,datedOctober
21st,1522,whichonlysaidthatpeopleweregoingto
bringinhisship.Byanorderwhichtheybroughtfrom
AntonioBrito,theyatoncetookfromGonzaloGomezall
theletters,astrolabes,quadrants,andlog-bookswhichhe
hadmade;theytookthevesselandanchoredherintheport
ofTalangomi.TherewereseventeenCastiliansofsoundand
sickinthevessel,andtheytookthosethatwerewellwith
GonzaloGomeztothefortress,andnextdaytookthesick
tothehospital.
GonzaloGomezcomplainedoftheviolencedoneintaking
thatwhichbelongedtotheemperor,andinhiscountry.

325. THECREWOPTHE^'tEINITY'\ 239
Theyrepliedthathehaddonewhattheemperor^hislord,
hadcommandedhim;andthey,whattheyoughttodoby
theinstructionsfromtheking,theirlord.Theyaskedhim
togiveuptheroyalstandardofCastile,andheanswered
thathecouldnotdoso,neithercouldhedefendit,since
hewasintheirpower.Uponwhichtheydrewupsome
documentsbeforeanotary;andwhentheydischargedthe
cargooftheship,heaskedthePortuguesetogivehima
certificateofwhatwasinit,forhimtorenderanaccount
toHisMajesty ;andtheyrepliedthat,ifheaskedforthis
often,theywouldgiveithimonajsivdarm.Inthefortress
wefoundJuandeCampos,DiegoArias,andAlonzo,the
Genoese,sick,whowerethreeofthosewhohadremained
inTidorewiththegoodsofHisMajesty.Theysaidthat
thePortuguesehadknockeddownthefactory-houseand
takentheclovesandreceiptsforcloveswhichwerepaid
for,andalltheriggingandfittingsoftheships;Luisdel
Molinohadfled,andGonzaloGomezcalledhimtocometo
thefortressundersafeconduct,butwheninittheyput
himinirons;MasterPedrohaddied.
WhentheshipwasinTidore,thepilot,JuanLopezCar-
valho,diedonthe14thFebruary,1522
;and,betweensail-
ingthenceaudanchoringatBenaconora, therediedin
August,September,andOctober,thirty-oneindividuals,
withoutcountingthreewhoranawayintheisleofMaoof
theLadrones.
Thetwenty-one Castiliansoftheshipandfactoryre-
mainedaboutfourmonthsasprisonersinTerrenate,until,
attheendofFebruary1523,CaptainAntoniodeBritogave
themapassagetoIndia,sendingthemtotheislandof
Banda,whichwasahundredleagues off,exceptingthe
carpenterAntonio,andthecaulkerAntonioBasazaval,
whomhesaidthatherequired.Theclerkofthefactory,
JuandeCampos,andthreeotherCastilians,wentinajunk,
ofwhichnothingwasknownnorwhatbecameofthoseper-

326. 240 THECEEWOFTHE
'*
TRINITY".
sons.TlieCastiliansremainedinBandaaboutfourmonths;
fromthencetheywereconductedtoJava^andcoasting it
theyarrivedatacitynamedAgrazue.Agrazuewasatown
ofthirtythousandinhabitantSjMussulmans^ofgreattrade,
towhichporcelain, silks,andotherChinesegoodswere
broughtfromBorneoandotherparts.
FromAgrazuetheywenttoMalacca,twohundredleagues
distant,whereJorgedeAlbuquerquewascaptain.
TheywereaboutfivemonthsatMalacca.FourCastilians
diedthereattheendofNovember1524.Theship-boy,
AntenMoreno,remainedthere,whowas,theysaid,the
slaveofasisterofJorgedeAlbuquerque,andtherestwent
ontoIndia. Theyweretwenty-fivedaysinreaching
Ceylon,whichwasthreehundredleagues,andtheywenta
hundredleaguesmoretoCochin.Theclerk,Bartolome
Sanchez,andtwoothers,wentinajunk,ofwhichnothing
morewasheard.InCochintheyfoundthattheshipsfor
Portugalhadsailedashorttimebeforetheirarrival,and
theyhadtowaitayearforthepassageofthespiceships.
AftertheyhadbeentenmonthsinCochin,withoutob-
tainingleavetoembark,theseaman,LeonPancaldo,and
BautistaPoncero,masteroftheshipTrinity,fiedsecretly
intheshipSta.Oatalina,whichlefttheminMozambique.
Theretheywerearrestedandputonboardtheshipof
DiegodeMelotobetakentotheGovernorofIndia,but
contrarywindsdidnotpermitherdeparture ;and,having
beenallowedtogoashore,BautistaPoncerodied,andLeon
PancaldohidhimselfintheshipofFranciscoPereira,which
wasgoingtoPortugal.Heremainedhidtilltheygota
hundredleaguesfromMozambique.Whentheyarrivedat
Lisbontheyputhiminprison,fromwhiclithekingcom-
mandedhimtobesetfree.
Atthistime,D.VascodaGamaarrivedinIndiaasVice-
roy,andtheCastiliansbeggedforleavetoembarkinthe
shipswhichweregoingtoPortugal,buthewouldnotgive

327. THECEEWOPTHE''''tEINITy", 241
it.TheViceroydiedintwentydays,andtheyelected
inhissteadD.EnriquedeMenesesgovernorofGoa^who
cametoCochin.TwoOastiliansdiedthere^andthosethat
renaainedhadtowaitforanotheryear.
GronzaloGomezhaddonehomageandcouldnotgetaway
untilafterconstantrecourseandpetitionstothegovernor,
D.EnriquedeMeneses^whogavehimleave,asalsotothe
seaman,GinesdeMafra,andtoMasterHans,abombar-
dier,whenitwasknowntherethattheKingofPortugal
wasmarriedtoDa.Catalina,sisterofHisMajestytheEm-
peror.Thesethreeindividuals leftCochininthePortu-
gueseships,andwhentheyarrivedatLisbontheyputthem
intheLimoneiroorpublicprison,whereMasterHansdied.
GonzaloGomezandGinesdeMafraremainedthereabout
sevenmonths,untiltheyweresetfreebylettersfromHis
Majesty ;butGonzaloGomez^wassetfreetwenty-seven
daysbeforeGines,whomtheysupposedtobeapilot,having
foundsomelog-booksinhisboxandtwoother(books),
whichAndresdeSanMartin,pilotofHisMajesty,had
made,whichbooksandotherwritingstheytook,andwould
notreturntohim.
.
FromtheirdeparturefromTerrenate,intheMoluccas,
toLisbon,inclusively,therediedeightindividuals.What
becameofsevenwasunknown
;tworemainedinthe
Moluccas ;oneinMalacca
;andthreereachedSpain,be-
sidesthelicentiateandpriest.Morales.
CasparCorreasays(tomeiii,p.109)
:
—
"Inthisyear1527,oneSebastianGabato,aBasque,
andagreatpilot,sailedfromSevilleascaptain-major of
twoshipsandacaravel,whowasorderedbytheViceroyof
theAntillestogoandtakeincargoatMaluco,andrecover
1ThisGomezwasthealguazilwhoassistedMagellansomuchin
puttingdownthemutinyintheportofSt.Julian.
K

328. 242 THECEEWOFTHE"tBINITy".
thepropertyoftlieCastilians,whichhemightfindbelong-
ingtotheshipofthefleetofFernandeMagalhaeswhich
putinindistress ;andifhefoundanythingsinthepos-
sessionofthePortuguese^hewastoaskforthemandre-
quirethemfromthecaptainsonbehalfoftheemperor,with
allurbanity :andiftheydidnotchoosetogivethemup,
hewastoaskfordocuments,withprotests,whichhewas
tobringtotheemperorforhimtodointhematterwhat
mightbeforhisservice. ThisfleetsailedfromSeville,
and-nevermorewasanynewsheardofwhatbecameofit,
norwhatendithad.Thisonlywasknown,thatthisfleet
hadthussailedthisyear,throughotherCastilians,who
laterarrivedatMalucoinanotherfleet,asIwillrelate
furtheroninitsplace/^
[Correarelates,inhisTom.iii,cap.xiv,thatCharlesVsentafleet
offiveshipsin1527toMalucounderFrayGarciadeLoaysa,and
thatonlyoneshipunderCaptainMartimInhigoreachedMaluco :he
thendescribesthedisputesandskirmishesbetweentheCastiliansand
Portuguese.]

329. ACCOUNTOF
THEMUTINYINPOETST.JULIAN.
Navaeeete giveSjNo.XXofhisdocumentsrelatingto
Magellan^acopyofadocumentpresentedonWednesday,
the22ndofMay^1521,byaservantofDiegoBarbosa,on
behalfofAlvarodeMezquita,totheAlcaldeofSeville,
datedApril26th,1520,whichweretheinformationstaken
inPortSt.JulianbyMartinMendes,clerkoftheVictoria
;
SanchodeHeredia,king'snotary ;GonzaloGomesde
Spinosa,Alguazil-mayor orchiefconstableofthefleet :he
couldnotwrite,andDomingodeBarrutysignedforhim.
Theseinformationsweretakeninconsequenceofapeti-
tionfromAlvarodeMezquita,captainofthe8.Antonio,
toMagellan,complainingofGaspardeQuesada,captainof
theConception,andJuandeCartagena,withaboutthirty
armedmen,havingseizedhimthenightofPalmSunday,
April1st,1520,andhavinglockedhimupinthecabinof
GeronimoGuerra,theclerkofthe8.Antonio.Thispetition
waspresentedtoMagellanwhenhewasonshore,after
hearingMassonSunday,the15thofApril,andhegave
orderstothetwoclei-ksandAlguaziltomakeaninquiry
onboardthe8.Antonio. HisorderwasdatedApi-il17th,
andsignedbyhimselfandLeondeSpeleta,clerkofthe
flag-ship.Theinformationstakenonboardthe8.Antonio
weredatedThursday,thetwenty-sixthApril,1520.
No.XXIofNavarrete isaletterfromJuanLopezde
EecaldetotheBishopofBurgos,ofMay12thj1521,giving
himanaccountofthearrivalofthe8.AntonioatSeville,
e2

330. 244 THEMUTINYAGAINSTMAGELLAN.
6tliMajj1521jcommandedbyGeronimoGuerra,arelation
andservantofChristovaldeHaro,andoftheexecutionof
GaspardeQuesadaandothers.Thisletterrelatesthestory
ofthemutineersandthosewhoturnedbackfromdifficulty
anddanger,andisnaturallyunfavourabletoMagellan.
AccordingtoNavarrete^thedesertionofMagellan'sfleet
bytheship /S'.Antonio,wascausedbyEstebanGomez,a
Portuguese pilot,who,fromrivalrywithMagellan,and
envyatseeingotherspromotedinsteadofhimself,afterthe
executions,gotupaconspiracyonboardtheS.Antonio,
andproposed toreturntoSpain. Themutineersput
AlvarodeMezquitainirons;theythenwenttothecoast
ofGuinea,andthencetoSpain,WhentheS.Antonio
arrivedatSeville,AlvarodeMezquitawashandedoverto
theauthoritiesandkeptinprisonuntiltheshipVictoria
arrived.EstebanGomez,JuandeChinchilla,Geronimo
Guerra,andFranciscoAngulo,werealsoarrested;and
Magellan'swifeandfamilywereputundersurveillance to
prevent theirgoingawaytoPortugal. According to
Herrera,JuandeCartagenaandthepriest,whowereleft
behind,didnotcomeawaywiththeS.Antonio,andorders
weregiventosendandlookforthem.
Moreampledetailsofthesuppressionofthemutinyare
givenbyGasparCorreainthefollowingaccountofMagel-
lan'svoyage,inhisLendasdaIndia(tomeii,cap.xiv)
:
—
"FerdinandMagellanwenttoCastiletotheportofSeville,
wherehemarriedthedaughterofamanofimportance,with
thedesignofnavigatingonthesea,becausehewasvery
learnedintheartofpilots,whichisthatofthesphere.The
emperorkepttheHouseofCommerceinSeville,withthe
overseersofthetreasury,withgreatpowers,andmuchsea-
faringtraffic,andfleetsforabroad. Magellan,boldwith
hisknowledge,andwiththereadinesswhichhehadtoannoy
theKingofPortugal,spoketotheoverseersofthisHouse

331. .coreea'saccountofMagellan'svoyage. 245
ofCommerce^andtoldthemthatMalacca,andMaluco,the
islandsinwhichclovesgrew,belongedtotheemperoron
accountofthedemarcationdrawnbetweenthemboth[the
KingsofSpainandPortugal] :forwhichreasontheKing
ofPortugalwrongfullypossessedtheselands :andthathe
wouldmakethiscertainbeforeallthedoctorswhomight
contradicthim,andwouldpledgehisheadforit.The
overseersrepliedtohim,thattheywellknewthathe
wasspeakingtruth,andthattheemperoralsoknewit,
butthattheemperorhadnonavigationtothatpart,be-
causehecouldnotnavigatethroughtheseawithinthe
demarcation oftheKingofPortugal. Magellansaidto
them :
^Ifyouwouldgivemeshipsandmen,Iwouldshow
younavigationtothoseparts,withouttouchinganyseaor
landoftheKingofPortugal ;andifnot,theymightcutoff
hishead/Theoverseers,muchpleasedatthis,wroteitto
theemperor,whoansweredthemthathehadpleasurein
thespeech,andwouldhavemuchmorewiththedeed
;and
thattheyweretodoeverythingtocarryouthisservice,
andtheaffairsoftheKingofPortugal,whichwerenotto
bemeddledwith;ratherthanthateverythingshouldbe
lost.Withthisanswerfromtheemperor,theyspokewith
Magellan,andbecamemuchmoreconvincedbywhathe
said,thathewouldnavigateandshowacourseoutsideof
theseasoftheKingofPortugal;andthatiftheygavehim
theshipsheaskedfor,andmenandartillery,hewouldful-
filwhathehadsaid,andwoulddiscovernewlandswhich
wereinthedemarcation oftheemperor,fromwhichhe
wouldbringgold,cloves,cinnamon,andotherriches.The
overseershearingthis,withagreatdesiretorendersogreat
aservicetotheemperorasthediscoveryofthisnavigation,
andtomakethismattermorecertain,broughttogether
pilotsandmenlearnedinthesphere,todisputeuponthe
matterwithMagellan,whogavesuchreasonstoall,that
theyagreedwithwhathesaid,andaffirmedthathewasa

332. 246 coreea'saccountopMagellan'svoyage.
verylearnedman.Sotheoverseersatoncemadeagree-
mentswitlihim,andarrangements,andpowers,andregula-
tions,whichtheysenttotheemperor,whoconfirmedevery-
thing,reservingspeciallythenavigationoftheKingof
Portugal
jthushecommandedandprohibitedjandordered
thateverythingwhichMagellanaskedforshouldbegiven
him.Onthisaccount,MagellanwenttoBurgos,wherethe
emperorwas,andkissedhishand,andtheemperorgave
himathousandcruzadosalimonyfortheexpensesofhis
wifewhilsthewasonhisvoyage,setdownintherolls
ofSeville,andhegavehimpoweroflifeanddeath^over
allpersonswhowentinthefleet,ofwhichheshouldbe
captain-major,withregardtowhichheassignedhimlarge
powers. So,onhisreturntoSeville,theyequippedfor
himfivesmallships,suchasheaskedfor,equippedand
armedashechose,withfourhundredmen-at-arms,and
theywereladenwiththemerchandisewhichheaskedfor.
Theoverseerstoldhimtogivethecaptaincies,withregard
towhichheexcusedhimself,sayingthathewasnewinthe
countryanddidnotknowthemen;andthattheyshould
seekoutmenwhowouldbegoodandfaithfulintheem-
peror^sservice,andwhowouldrejoicetoendurehardships
inhisservice,aadthebadlifewhichtheywouldhavetogo
throughinthevoyage.Theoverseerswereobligedtohim
forthis,andheldittobegoodadvice,anddecidedtoinform
thecaptainstheymightmake,andthecrewstheymight
take,ofthepowerswhichhehadreceivedfromtheemperor.
Thistheydid,andtheysoughtinSevillefortrustworthy
menforcaptains,AvhowereJuandeCartagena,Luisde
Mendoga,JuanSerrano,PerodeQuesada. Thisfleet
havingbeenfittedout,andthecrewspaidforsixmonths,
hesailedfromSanLucardeBarramedainAugustofthe
year1519.SohenavigatedtotheCanaryIslands,and
tookinwater;whilsthewasthereavesselarrivedwith
^Literally,ofcordandknife.

333. COEEEA'saccountofMAGELLAN'SVOYAGE. 247
lettersfromliisfather-in-law,^ inwhicL.liewarnedliimto
keepagoodwatch,forhispersonalsafety,becausehehad
learnedthatthecaptainswhomhetookwithhimhadsaid
totheirfriendsandrelations,thatifheannoyedthemthey
wouldkillhim,andwouldriseupagainsthim.Tothishe
replied,thathewoulddothemnoinjuriessothatthey
shouldhavereasontoactthus;andonthataccounthehad
notappointedthem,buttheoverseers,whoknewthem,had
giventhem
;andwhethertheyweregoodorbad,hewould
labourtodotheserviceoftheemperor,andforthatthey
hadofferedtheirlives.Thefather-in-lawshowedthis
answertotheoverseers,whogreatlypraisedthegoodheart
ofMagellan.
"HesailedfromtheCanariesofTanarife,andmade
theCapeYerde,whencehecrossedovertothecoastof
Brazil,andthereenteredariverwhichisnamedJaneiro.
Therewent,aschiefpilot,aPortuguesenamedJoanLopes
Carvalhinho,whohadalreadybeeninthisriver,andtook
withhimasonwhomhehadgottenthereofawomanof
thecountry.Fromthisplacetheywentonsailinguntil
theyreachedtheCapeofSantaMaria,whichJoanofLisbon
haddiscoveredintheyear1514;thencetheywenttothe
riverSanJulian.Whiletheyweretheretakinginwater
andwood,JuandeCartagena,whowassub-captain-major,
agreedwiththeothercaptainstoriseup,sayingthat
Magellanhadgotthembetrayedandentrapped.Asthey
understoodthatCaspardeQuesadawasafriendofMagel-
lan's,JuandeCartagenagotintohisboatatnight,with
twentymen,andwenttotheshipofCasparQuesada,and
wentintospeaktohim,andtookhimprisoner,^andmade
1DiogoBarbosa.
2Correaseemstohavemadeamistakehere. Quesada)helpedto
makeAlvarodeMezquita,Magellan's relation,andcaptainofthe
tS.Antonio,aprisoner ;butwhatCorrearelatesmayhavebeenpartof
theplotandastratagemofJuandeCarthagena.

334. 248 THEMUTINYAGAINSTMAGELLAN.
arelationofhiscaptainoftheship,inorderthatallthree
mightgoatoncetoboardMagellanandkillhim,andafter
thattheywouldreducetheothershipofJoanSerrano,and
wouldtakethemoneyandgoods,whichtheywouldhide,
andwouldreturntotheemperor,andwouldtellhimthat
Magellanhadgotthementrappedanddeceived,having
brokenfaithwithhisinstructions,sincehewasnavigating
inseasandcountriesoftheKingofPortugal :forwhich
deedtheywouldgetfirstasafeconductfromtheemperor.
Sotheyarrangedmattersfortheirtreason,whichturned
outillforthem.
"Magellanhadsomesuspicionofthismatter,andbefore
thisshouldhappen,hesenthisskifftotheshipstotellthe
captainsthatthemastersweretoarrangetheirshipsfor
beachingthemtocareenthem;andwiththispretexthe
warnedaservantofhistonoticewhatthecaptainsanswered.
Whenthisskiffcametotherevoltedshipstheydidnotlet
itcomealongside,sayingthattheywouldnotexecuteany
ordersexceptthoseofJuandeCartagena,whowastheir
captain-major. Theskiffhavingreturnedwiththisanswer,
MagellanspoketoAmbrosioFernandes/hischiefconstable,
avaliantman,andgavehimorderswhathewastodo,and
togosecretlyarmed;andhesentalettertoLuisdeMen-
dogabyhim,withsixmenintheskiff,whomthechief
constableselected.Andthecurrentsettowardstheships,
andMagellanorderedhismastertobendalonghawser,^
withwhichhemightdropdowntotheshipsifitsuited
him.Allbeingthusarranged,theskiffwent,andcoming
alongsideofLuizdeMendo^a,theywouldnotlethimcome
onboard.Sothechiefconstablesaidtothecaptainthat
itwasweaknessnottobidhimenter,ashewasoneman
alonewhowasbringingaletter.Uponwhichthecaptain
badehimenter.Hecameonboard,andgivinghimthe
^HisnamewasGonzaloGomesdeSpinosa
;hereturnedtoSpain.
^"Quefizessegrandetoa."

335. THEMUTINYAGAINSTMAGELLAN. 249
letter^tookhiminhisarms,shouting;''Onbehalfofthe
emperor,youarearrested !
^'
Atthisthemenoftheskiff
cameonboardwiththeirswordsdrawn
;thenthechief
constablecutthethroatofLuisdeMendogawithadag-
ger,forheheldhimthrowndownunderhim,forsoMagel-
lanhadgivenhimorders.Uponthisatumultarose,and
Magellanhearingit,orderedthehawsertobepaidout,and
withhisshipdroppeddownupontheotherships,withhis
menunderarms,andtheartilleryinreadiness.Onreaching
theshipofMendoga,heorderedsixmentobehungatthe
yard-arms,whohadrisenupagainstthechiefconstable,and
thesewereseizeduponbythesailorsoftheship,ofwhich
heatoncemadecaptain,DuarteBarbosa,aPortuguese,and
afriendofhis :andheorderedthecorpseofMendo^ato
behungupbythefeet,thattheymightseehimfromthe
otherships.HethenorderedBarbosatopreparethemen
forgoingandboardingoneoftheotherships;andtoavoid
doingtheharmwhichitwasinitspowertohavedone,and
sincehewasaPortuguese,andthecrewsbelongedtothe
emperor,heusedastratagem,andspokesecretlytoasailor,
whomhetrusted,whofledtotheshipofCartagena,where,
atnightwhenthecurrentsetforMagellan'sship,which
wasastern,thesailorseeinghisopportunity,cutthecable
orloosedtheshipofCartagena,sothatitdrifteduponthat
ofMagellan,whocameup,shouting :
'Treason !treason
!'
UponwhichheenteredtheshipofCartagena,andtook
himandhismenprisoners,andmadecaptainoftheship
oneAlvarodeMesquita,whomCartagenahadarrestedand
putinirons,becausehefoundfaultwithhimforthemutiny
whichhewasmaking. Seeingthis,theothershipatonce
surrendered.HeorderedCartagenatobequartered,having
himpubliclycriedasatraitor;andthebodyofLuisde
MendoQaalsowasquartered
jandheorderedthequarters
andtheexecutedmentobesetonshore,spittedonpoles.
SotheCastilianshadgreatfearofhim,forhekeptthe

336. 250 THEMUTINYAGAINSTMAGELLAN.
mutineersprisonersinirons,andsettothepumps,during
threemonthsthatheremainedinthisriver,inwhichhe
careenedandrefittedhisshipsverywell.
''Whenhewasabouttosetsail,heorderedtheprisoners
tobesetatliberty,andpardonedthem,andhesentthem
togoalongtheshore,followingthebankoftheriveruntil
theyfoundtheheadlandfromwhichtheycouldseethesea
ontheotherside;andwhoeverreturnedtohimwiththis
newshewouldgivehimahundredducatsasarewardfor
goodnews.Thesemenwentformorethanfortyleagues,
andreturnedwithoutnews
;andtheybroughtbacktwo
men,fifteenspanshigh,fromavillagewhichtheyfound.
HethensentSerrano,becausehisvesselwasthesmallest,
togoalongtherivertodiscoveritsextremity;andhewent
withastrongcurrent,whichcarriedhimwithoutwind.
And,goingalongthus,hisshipgroundedonsomerocks,
onwhichitwaslost,andtheboatreturnedladenwiththe
crew.Magellansenttheboatsthither,andtheysaved
everything,sothatonlythehullwaslost.Thenheordered
twopriests,whohadtakenpartinthemutiny,tobeseton
shore,andabrotherofCartagena,whomhepardonedat
thepetitionofMesquita,andheleftthemthusbanished.
'^
Thenhesailedfromtheriverandranalongthecoast
untilhereachedariver,towhichtheygavethenameof
Victoria,andwhichhadhighlandoneitherside.From
thisriverMesquita'sshipranaway,anditwasnotknown
whethertheyhadkilledhim,orifhehadgoneofhisown
accord;butanastrologeranddivinertoldhimthatthe
captainwasaprisoner,andthattheywerereturningto
Castile,butthattheemperorwoulddothemaninjury.
''ThenMagellan,withthethreeshipswhichhehad,
enteredtheriver,throughwhichheranformorethana
hundredleagues,andcameoutontheothersideintothe
opensea,wherehehadasternwindfromtheeast,with
whichtheyranformorethanfivemonthswithoutlowering

337. goeeea'saccountopMagellan'svoyage. 251
theirsails,andtheyfetchedsomeuninhabited islands,in
oneofwhichtheyfoundsomesavages,wholivedinhuts
underground.Theywenttoanotherislandwheretheygave
themgoldforitsweightofiron,bywhichmeanstheycol-
lectedmuchgold :thepeoplealsowereofagooddispo-
sition,andhadaking.Theywerewellgovernedpeople,
whowereatwarwithotherneighbourswhoweremore
powerfulthanthemselves; forwhichreasonthekingbe-
cameChristian,withallhispeople,inorderthatMagellan
mightassisthimagainsthisenemies.ThisMagellanoffered
todo,andwithhisarmedmen,andthepeopleofthecoun-
try,hewentagainsttheenemy,ofwhomhekilledmany,
andburnedavillage. Theenemygotassistancefrom
others,andmanycametofightwithMagellan,whodefeated
them,andthestrugglewasasevereone.Theyactedwith
cunniDg,fortheyhadplacedambuscadesofmenhiddenin
thebush,who,seeingtheCastilianswearied,cameout
againstthemandkilledmany,andanotherambuscadecame
outofthebushtoseizetheboats,whichwereonthebeach
withoutmen :thenthekingcameout,andfoughtwith
them,anddefendedtheboats,andbroughtoffthemen.
'^Thekingwhohadfled,seeinghimselfdefeated,plotted
treacherywiththeChristianking,andmadeanagreement
withhimtogivehimhisdaughterinmarriage,andplighted
histrothtohim,thatwhenhedied,forhewasalreadyold,
allwouldremaintohim,andtheywouldalwaysliveas
friends;becausetheCastilianswoulddepart,andifhedid
notactthushewouldalwaysmakewaronhim :andthis
waswiththeconditionthathewastofindhimmeansfor
killingtheCastilians. AndtheChristianking,likea
brutalman,consentedtothetreachery,andprepareda
greatfeastandbanquetforcarrying itout,towhichhe
invitedMagellan,whowenttothebanquetwiththirtymen,
ofthemosthonourableandwelldressed :whiletheywere
enjoyingthemselves atthebanquet,thearmedenemies

338. 252 COEEEA^SACCOUNTOPMAGELLAN'SVOYAGE.
entered,andkilledMagellan,andalltheCastilians,and
noneofthemescaped,andtheystrippedSerrano,anddrag-
ginghimalong,broughthimtothebeach,wherethey
executedhim,andkilledhimthrowndownontheground.^
^'
Thosewhowereintheships,seeingthemisfortuneon
shore,whichthesailorswhohadgoneintheboatsrelated
tothem,raisedupfromamongthemascaptain,Oaryalhinho,
thepilotoftheflag-ship,whomallobeyed.Heordered
oneoftheships,whichwasveryleaky,tobestripped,
andsetfiretoitinthemidstofthesea,sothatthepeople
onshoreshouldnotprofitbytheiron,andhemadecaptain
oftheshipofSerranooneGonzaloGomezd'Espinosa,who
wasarelationoftheastrologei*,^whoalsodiedwithMagel-
lan,anddidnotdivinetheevilwhichbefelhim.
"Thetwoshipsdepartedthence,runningbetweenmany
islands,andtheywenttoonewhichhadmuchveryfinecin-
namon.Fromthisplacetheywentrunningthroughmany
islandstotheislandofBorneo,wheretheyfoundintheport
manymerchantjunksfromallthepartsofMalacca,which
madefrequentvisitstoBorneo.HereCarvalhinhosenta
presenttothekingofscarletcloth,andcolouredsilks,and
otherthings,withwhichthekingwasmuchpleased,and
hedidhimgreathonour,andgavehimleaveandsafecon-
ducttoremainonshorefortwentydays,forsuchwastheir
customtogivetonewpeople,thefirsttimethattheycame
totheirport,inwhichtheycouldbuyandsellfreelyas
muchastheypleased.Buttheking,knowinghowmuch
goodstheshipscontained,gotupaplottokillthem,and
taketheships.Thistreacherywasconcertedbytheking
withtheJavanesewhowereintheportinlargejunks;and
forthisobjectthekingshowedgreathonourtothosewho
wentonshore,andsentrefreshmentstotheships,andleave
>ThereaderwillobservethatthisaccountofMagellan'sdeathis
incorrect.
2AndresdeSanMartin,

339. CONDUCTOPCARVALHO. 253-
toremainintlieportaslongastheypleased. Carvalhinlio
becamesuspiciousatthis,andorderedgoodwatchtobe
keptdayandnight,anddidnotallowmorethanoneor
twomentogoashore.Thekingperceivingthissentto
begCarvalhinho tosendhimhissonwhohadbroughtthe
present,becausehislittlechildrenwhohadseenhim,were
cryingtoseehim.Hesenthim,verywelldressed,with
fourmen,who,onarrivingwherethekingwas,were
orderedbyhimtobearrested.WhenCarvalhinhoknew
thisheraisedhismoorings,andwitharmedmenwentto
boardajunkwhichwasfilledwithmanypeopleandready
tosail.Theyenteredthisjunkandplunderedmuchgold
andrichstuffs,andcapturedasonoftheKingofLuzon,
whowascaptainofthejunkandofthreeotherswhichwere
intheport,andwhohadcomeinthemtomarryadaughter
ofthisKingofBorneo.Theyfoundinthisjunkvaluable
thingsofgoldandjewellerywhichhehadbroughtforhis
wedding ;andtheyfoundtherethreegirlsofextreme
beauty,whomCarvalhinho tookcareof,sayingthathe
wouldtakethemtotheemperor :atwhichallrejoiced.
Buthedidnotactthus,butsleptwiththem,sothatthe
Castilianswerenearkillinghim;buthedividedwiththe
Castilians soliberallythattheybecamefriends; forhe
agreedwiththebridegroom,thatheandhispeopleshould
escapebynight,andforthatshouldgivehimmuchwealth
ofpreciousstones,andbynighttheygotawaybyswim-
ming;andCarvalhinhopretendedtohavebeenasleep,and
wokeupcomplaining ofthewatch. ButtheCastilians
understoodthedeceit,andtookCarvalhinhoandputhim
inirons,andtookfromhimallhehad,andraisedupas
captainoneJuanBautista,masteroftheship,becausehe
understoodpilot'swork.^
'^ThencetheysailedandwenttoMaluco,Ternate,and
'ProbablytheGenoese pilot,whosenarrativecommences this
volume.

340. 254 coeeea'saccountopMagellan'svoyage.
Tidore^wheretheytooktothekingsthepresentswhich
Magellanhadsetapartforthem.Theypaidthemgreat
honour,andreceivedthemhospitably,fortheyalsogaveto
theirministers
;andtothekingstheygaveanembassage
onthepartoftheemperor,relatingtothemhismagnifi-
cence,sothatbothsoonobeyedhim,anddidhomageas
vassalsforever;andtheyestablishedtradeandpricesfor
buyingandselling,andestablishedfactoriesonshore,and
begantocollectcloves,andverymuchwasbroughtto
them,becausetheOastiliansgavewhattheyasked,forthey
hadasuperfluityofmerchandise
;thustheybecamelords
oftheland.Astheshipsweremuchinjured,theypatched
themupalittle,thebesttheycould,andhastenedtofill
bothshipswithcargo,whichtheydidinonemonth.
WhentheywereabouttosailtherecametotheCastiliansa
Portuguese,namedJuandelaRosa,whohadcometo
Ternate,sayinghewasapilot,andwouldtakethemto
Castile,uponwhichtheyagreedwithhimtogivehimfifty
quintalsofclovesineachship,becausehesaidhewould
takethemtotheislandofBanda,whichhadmoreriches
thanMaluco. SotheCastiliansrejoicedgreatlyattaking
thismanbacktotheemperor,forthegreatercertaintyas
totheirdiscovery. ThisJuandelaRosawarnedthe
CastiliansthattheywouldcomefromIndiaandseekfor
them,andkillthemall,forthiswasspokenofinIndia.
TothistheCastiliansgavemuchcredit,andonthatac-
countdidhimgreathonour.TheysettledwiththeKing
ofTidoretoleavewithhimafactorwiththemerchandise,
whichtheyhad,becausemanyshipswouldsooncome,sent
bytheemperor ;forwhichreasontheyshouldhavemuch
clovescollectedtogether.They"thensetsail,makingde
laRosacaptainoftheshipofCarvalhinho.
'^Whentheywereatseatheyfreedhimfromhisirons,
fromtheneedtheyfeltforhisnavigation,andtheywentto
theislandofBanda,wheretheyrestoredtoCarvalhinho

341. THE"trinity"atteenate. 255
hiscaptaincy,andtheywenttoBanda,wheretheytook
samplesofnutmegandmace,astheyhadnowheretotake
incargoofit.Allhavingbeenconsulted,theysetsailto
makefortheCapeofGoodHope,andnavigatethenceto
Castile,fortheydidnotdaretakeanyothercourse. Set-
tingsailwiththisdesign,theymetwithhardweather,with
whichtheshipofCarvalhinhoputintoport,andthatof
laRosacontinuedhercourse. Carvalhinho putinto
Maluco,wherehedischargedhalftheship'scargo,and
heeledhevover,andrepairedheraswellaspossible;this
hedidintwentydays,andagainsettotakingincargo
anddeparting
;buthefellillwiththelabour,anddiedon
settingsail.TheymadeGonzaloGomezd'Espinosacap-
tainoftheshipagain,andhe,bytheinstructionsof
Carvalhinho,tookacoursetosearchfortheriver(strait)
throughwhichtheyhadcome;butwhenatsea,theship
againtookinsomuchwater,thattheyranbeforethewind
tobeachheronthefirstlandtheymade,whichwasin
Batochina,wheretheybeachedtheship,andsavedfrom
hernogreatquantityofgoods.Whilsttheywereatthis
junctureD.GraciaAnriquesarrivedatMaluco,withaship
totakeincloves,whichcamefromMalaca,andlearning
howtheseCastiliansweretherehesenttocallthemunder
hissafeconduct,thattheyshouldallcome,becauseifthey
didnothewouldholdthemasenemies,andwouldgoat
onceandfetchthem.TheCastilianstherefore,constrained
byfortune,wenttowhereD.Graciawas,likeasmenwho
werelost,sothatD.Graciahadcompassionuponthem,
andgavethemagoodreception,andsuppliedthemwith
necessaries,andhavingladenhisship,heembarkedthem
allwithhim,andtheyweremorethanthirty,andhetook
themtoMalaca,whereJorged'Albuquerquewascaptain,
whoorderedthefactortogivethemprovisionsfortheir
maintenance,andinthemonsoontosendthemtoIndia,
AvhereD.Duarte[deMeneses]wasgovernor.Hecom-

342. 256 PORTUGUESEANIMOSITYAGAINSTMAGELLAN.
mandedthosewhochosetobewrittendownintherollsfor
ipsbj,andheforbadetheshipsofthekingdomtotakethem,
thattheymightnotreturntoCastile
;andinfactalldied,
onlyGonzaloGomesd'EspinosapassedtoPortugalinthe
year1525,andhewasmadeaprisonerinLisbon,andset
atlibertybyaletterwhichtheempresssenttotheking.
"Theothershipfolloweditscourse,sothatlaRosamade
theCapeofGoodHope,andwhileshewasgoingnearthe
landPeroCoresma,whowasgoingtoIndiainasmallship,
mether,andspokeher
jandhewastoldshebelongedto
theemperor,andcamefromMaluco,anditdidnotcome
intohisunderstanding tosendhertothebottom,thatshe
mightnotreturntoCastile,andtheshipenteredthe
wateringplaceofSaldanha,andthencefetchedCapeYerde,
wheretheywentashoretogetwoodandwater;there
somePortuguese,learningthattheshipcamefromMaluco,
tooktheboatwhenitcameashore,withtwentyOastilians
;
andastherewasnoshipintheporttheygotintoaboatto
goandcapturetheship
jbuttheshipseeingtheboatcome
witharmedmen,forthearmsglittered,weighedandset
sailforCapeSt.Vincent,andthenceenteredSanLucar
withthirteenmen,fornowtherewerenomore,andit
arrivedintheyear1521.FromCapeVerdetheywroteto
thekingabouttheCastilians,whoremainedthere;the
kingorderedthattheyshouldletthemgotilltheydied,
butnevertoallowthemtoembarkforanyport;andsoit
wasdone/'

343. 257
COSTOFMAGELLAN'S FLEET.
FromNavarrde,DocumentNo.XVIL
TheGoncejptionwasofninetytons.
,,Victoria
,, eighty-fivetons.
,, S.Antonio ,, ahundredandtwentytons.
,,Trinity
,, ahundredandtentons.
,,Santiago
,, seventy-fivetons.
Summary :
,^ 7
•
Maraveais.
FiveshipSjwithrigging,artillery,andarms,cost3,912,241
Fiveships,of445tons,fivemoreorless,which
makeseachtoncometoacostof8,791
J
maravedis.
Variousnecessaries
- - -415,060
Provisions, biscuit,wine, oil,fish,meat,cheese,
vegetables,andbarrels
- -1,585,551
Fourmonthspayfor237persons - -1,154,504
Merchandise - - - -1,679,769^
Total
- - -8,751,125
'I'HKEKD.

345. APPENDIX No. I.
Senlior.
Acerqua clonegoceodefernamdemagalliaeseutenho
feitoetraballiadoquantodeussabe,comollielargameute
tenhoesprito,eagoraestaudoxebresdoentefaleiiiiso
muitoryjoaelReiapresentandoIbetodolosenconuinientes
quenestecaseania^apresentando lliealemdasoutras
cousas_,quamfeacousaeraequamdesacostumadareceber
hamE.eiosuasalosdoutroE,eisenamigocontrasuavontade
queeracousaqueautrecaualeirossenomacustumauaeso
auiapormuigrandeerroecousamuifeiaequeeunom
acabauaemualhadolydellieofereceruosapesoaereinose
senboriosquandoelejarecebyaestescontrauosoprazer
queIhepediaqueoulhasequenomeratempoperadescon-
tentaruosaltezaemaisemcousaquellietampoucoin-
portauaetamincertaequemuitosuasaloseomenstinha
perafazerseuosdescobrimentosquandofoi-etempoenam
cOSquedeuosaltezauinliamdescontentes edequeuos-
altezanompodiadedeixardetersospeitaqueauiamde
trabalbarmaisporuosdesseruirqueporninbuaoutra
cousaequesualtezatinhaaindaagoratantoquefazerem
descobrirseuosreinosesenhorioseemosasentarqueIhe
nomdeuiamdelembrartaesuouidadesdequesepodiam
seguirescandolos eoutrascousasquesebempodiam
escusarapresentandoIhetambemquammalistopareciaem
annoetempodetalcasamentoeacrecentamento dedivide
eamor.Equemepareciaqueuosaltezasyntiriamuito
saberqueestesomensIhepedemlicencaenomIhadarpera
b

346. n APPENDIX.
.
,
setornaremqueeramjadouosmalesrecebedoscontrasua
Tiontadeeteloscontrauontadedelesqueeulhepediapolo
quecomjjriaaseuseruigoedeuosaltezaquededuasfizese
liuaouIhedeselicenfaousobre-esteuese nestenegocio
esteannoemqueseiiomperderiamuito.esepoderia
tomartalmeiocomoeleforeseruidoeuosaltezanom
recebesedesprazerdomodocomqueseistofaz.
ElesenliorfycoutarnespantadodoqueIhedysequeeu
meespauteiemerespondeoasmilliorespalaurasdomuudo
equeeleporninliuacousanomqueriaquesefizesecousa
dequeuosaltezarecebesedesprazeremuitasoutrasboas
palaurasequeeufalasecomhocardealequelliefizese
relaQamdetudo.
Eusenliorotynliajabempraticadocomhocardealque
heamilliorcousaquequahaeIhenomparecebemeste
negoceoemeprometeodetrabalharquantopodeseporse
escusarFaloucomelE.eiechamaramperistohobispode
burgosqueheoquesostemestenegocio.Easyhuns
douosdoconselhotornaramafazercreraelReiqueelenom
erauanistoauosaltezaporquenommandauadescobrir
senamdentronoseulemiteemuiiongedascousasde
uosaltezaequeuosaltezanomauiadauerpormaldese
seruirdedouosuasalosseuoshomensdepoucasustancia
seruindoseuosaltezademuitosdosnaturaesdecastela
alegandooutrasmuitasrazoes.Infimmediseocardeal
queobispoeaquelesinsistiamtantonistoquepororael
Keinompodyatomaroutradetrimina^am.
TantoquexebresfoisamIhetorneiapresentareste
negoceocomodigoemuitomaiseledaaculpaaestes
castelhanosquepoielE,einistoecomtudoqueelefalaraa
elKeyenosdiaspasadosorequerimuitosobreistoe
nuncatomoudetriminacam easicreioquefaraagoraamim
senhorparecemequeuosaltezapoderecolherfernamde
magalhaesqueseragrandebofetadaperaestesquepolo
bacharelnomdoueumuitoqueandacasiforadeseusyso.

347. APPENDIX. Ill
Efizdilig'enciacomdomJorgeacerquadaydalaadoseu
alcaydeeeledizquehiraemtodamaneiraasysenhorque
istoestadestamaneiraecomtudoeununcadeixareide
trabalharnistooquepoder.
Enomcui(3,evosaltezaquedisemuitoaelReinoquellie
diseporquealemdesertudoverdadeoquediseestagente
coinodygonomseotenadanemelE-eiternliberdadepera
dysyfazerateoranadaeporisosedeuedesyntyrmenos
suascousas.nososenhorauidaeestadodevosaltezaacre-
centeaseusantoseruigo.desarago9atercafeiraanoyte
xxviiidiasdesetembro[1518].
Beijoasmaosdeuosaalteza^
AlUAROdaCOSTA.
(TorredoTombo,Gav.18,Maq..8,No.38.)
No.II.
Seiior,
emXVdesteJulhopchavascasmocodest^beyraR.
duascartasdevosaaltezabuadexviijeoutra
dexxixdomespasadoqueentendyesemaseg*^*
HesumyrRespondoavosaalteza.
Samagoravindosemcompanbiaaestacidadexpova
dehar5oeJ°decartajenafeitormoordarmada
ecapitamdehiinavioeotesourey"eesc'va
destaarmadaenosliegim^"®quetrazemba
cap°^contrariesaorregm*°defrnademagalbaes
Evistospllocontadorefeitoresdacasadaconf-
tacamcomoposammallengulyrascousas
demagalliaeesforamlogodaopiniamdos
quenova™'"vieram.

348. APPENDIX.
Ejuntosmaudarachamarfrnademagalhaeese
qseramdelesabraordemdestaarmadaeacausa
porquenaq'tanaaonoyacapitasom''®
carvalhoqueerapilotoenocapitam^dise
queelleaqueriaasylevarpalevaroforoll
easvezessepasaraela.
Elliediseramquelevavam*^°^portugeseseque
^
noerabemquelevasetantosRespondeoque
elefarianaarmadao
q
q^sesesemIhedarco''^
equeellesonopodiamfaz*"semadareaellepa-
saransetantasetarnmasRezoeesqosfeitores
mandarapagarsoldoajentedomaaredarmas
enoanehuesdosportugesesqfrnadema-
galhaeeseRuyfaleiroternpalevare
aystosefezcorreeoacortedecastela.
Eporeuvramateriaabertaetpobeconve-
nientepadiz*'oquemevosaaltezamado
mefuyapousadademagalhaeesondeoachey
concertandocorticeseareascomvitoalhadecons'-
vaseout*^cousasap^'teyofingindoque
plloacharnaqueleactoquemeparecia
conclusadaobradeseumaaopposytoepor
queestaseriaaderradr^falaqIhefariaIhe
queriarreduziramemoriamquantasvezes
comobomportugeseseuamygoIheavia
faladocont''*riandoIheotarngrandeerro
comofazia.
EdespoisdeIhepedirpdamsealguuescandalo
demyEecebesenaptica^Ihetrouxeamemoria
quantasvezesIheaviafaladoequabemme
senpRespondiaequesegundosuaReposta
senpeuespereyq^ofimnofoseconta
grandedess^vi^odevosaaltezaeoqueIhe
senpdiseraeraquevissequeestecaminho ti-
nhatantospcrigoscomoaRodadeSanta
0""

349. APPENDIX.
equeodevyadeixaretomarocoy'braao^etor-
narseasuanaturezaeagcadevosaalteza
dondesenpReceberia m<=^.nestafalaentrou
meterIhetodolostemoresqmepareceraeerros
quefaziadisemeq
ellenopoderiajaall
faz*"porsuahonrrasenaseguirseucaminhojeu
Ihedissequeganliaronrraindyvidam'®eadqri-
dacomtantainfamianoerasab'"nehonrra
masantesp^va^adesab*"edonrraporquefose
certoqajentecastelhanap^ncipalldestacidade
falandoneleoaviamporhomevylledemaao
sanguepoysemdess^'vicodeseuvdad"E,ey
esenoraceptavatallenpsaquantomaissemdo
pelelevantadaeordenadaeRequerida,que
foseelecertoqueeraavidaportreedor
porhyrconf'^oestadodevosaalteza^aquy
meRespondeoqueeleviaoerroquefazia
poremqueeleesperavagdarmuytoos'vi-
codevosaaltezaefaz""Ihemuitos^icoemsua
yda.EuIhedisequequeIhelouvasetall
diz'"onoentenderia^porquecasoqeleno
tocaseaconqstadevosaaltezacomoqr
q
achasseoqdizialuogoeraemgrandedano
dasrrendasdevosaalteza^equeesteRecebiato-
doorregnoejenerodep*^^equemaisvirtuoso
pensam*°eraoqueeletinhaquandome
dissequesevosaaltezamandaseqse
tornasseaportugallqofariasemout''^
9ertezademergeeequequandoIhanofizese
^
queliyestavaessaserradoosaesetev*^^"^
depardoehuascontasdebugalhosque
^RoadtoCoimbra—straightroad.
2Pessoas.
3Varas.

350. VI APPENDIX.
eutSmepareciaqseucoragaestavana
v'^'dadedoquecompriaasualionnraecon9y-
enqia,oqsefaloufoytantoqsenopo-
deescver.
aq's'^'mecomeQouadarsynalldizendoquellie
dissesemaisqueystonovinliademyeque
seV.altezamomandavaqIhodisseseeam^®
qItefaria,eulliedisseqeunoeradetantas
toneladas
pqv.altezamemeteseemtall
actomaseucomoout*^m'*''vezesIhodezia
aquymeq^shonrrai'dizendoqseoqeucome-
geycomelelevaraavantesemanf^virout''^
pas
q^vosaaltezaforasvidomasq^n°^Ribeiro
Ihediseraliuacousaeq'noforanadaeJoam
mendezouf*q^noataraedisemeamergeeq^
Iheprometiandaptedevosaalteza^aq*ouve
grandeamiserarseediz'quebemsentiatudomas
quenosabiacousapaquecorrezamdeixase
huuReyquetantam''®Iheaviafeito.eeu
lliedisseq'porfaz'oquedeviaen5pder
suahonrraeam"®q'vosaaltezaIhefaria
queseriamais§ertaecomaisverdadeira
onrra.Bquepesasseeleseavindadepur-
tugallq'foraporgemrresmaisoumenos
demoridaq'v.altezaIhedeixaradedarpor
noquebrarsuaordenanga,comvirem
dousrregm'°^contraiiosaoseu^eaoq'ele
capitolouCOelReyd5carlos^everiase
estedesp*'®zopessamaispasehyrefaz'"
oquedevesevyrseporoq'seveeo.
fezgrandeadmiragadeeutallsabreaquy
medisseav®''dadeecomoocorreoerap'tido
q'eujatudosabia.Ernedisseque
certonoaberiacousaporq'elledesseco
1Nuno.

351. APPENDIX. VU
acargaemtfrasenatirandoIhealgua
coussadocapitolado;poreinq'p''m*'abia
deveeroqueIhevosaaltezafaria.eullie
disseq'maisq'riaveerq'osrregm*°^eRuy
faleiroq'deziaabertam*® q'noaviadeseguir
seuforollequeaviadenavegaraosull
ounobiranaarmada^equeelecuidara
q'hiaporcapitamoorequeeusabiaque
aviaout°^mandadosemconf'^'iroosquaees
ell^nosaberiasenaatpoquenopudese
Remedea"^'suaonrra;equenocurassedomell
queIhepunbapllosbei90sobpodeburgos
equeagoraeratpoporyssoq^vissese
oqueriafaz'"equemedessecartapavossa
altezaequeeuporamoordeleyriaavossa
altezaafaz"'seup'tido^porqueeun'otiiiba
neliuuE-ecadodevosaaltezapaemtallente-
dersom*^falavaoq'meparegiacomoout*^vezes
Iheaviafalado.dysemequenomedeziana-
daateveerorrecadoq'ocorreotraziaenisto
concludymoseuvigiareycomtodaminha
posybilidadeos'viQOdevalteza.
nestepasomeparecebemquesaibavosaalteza
quehecertoqueanavegaQaq^estesespera
faz""elReydomcarlosasabeeferuade
magalhaeesasymoternditoepodeaveer
querntomeaemp^'^saquefagamaisdano.
faleyarruyfaley™pduasvezesnuncameall
Respondiosenaquecomofariatallconf*
elReyseusenorq'Ihetantam°®faziaatodo
oqueIhedezianomerrespondia all,parege
mequeestacomohometorvadodoJuizo
equeesteseufamyliarIhedespontou
alguusabrseoneleaviaparegeme
q'movidofernademagalhaees q^Ruyfaley™
seguiraoq^magalhaees fiz'".

352. VHl APPENDIX.
s°''OSnaviosdacapitaniademagalhaeessamcinq"
•s.huudeextoneladasosdousdeIxxxcada
huueOSdousdeIxcadahupoucomaisho
menos,sammuyvelhoseRemedadospor
queOSvyemmoiitecorregeer,liaonze
messesquesecorrejerameestanaagoa
agoracalafetamasynagoaeuentrey
nelesalguasvezese9erteficoavosaalteza
quepacanari**navegaiiademaavonta-
deneles,porq'sensliamessamdesebe.
hartelhariaquetodoscinq^°levasamIxxxtiros
muypequenossom'®nomaioremq^hadehyr
fernamdemagalhaesestamquat°v^'^qosdeferro
noboosptodaajentequelevaemtodos
ginq^"samii^xxxhomestodolosmaistem
jaRegebidoosoldosom'^osportugesesque
noquereRegebramillRs,ag'danquevenha
ocori"eoporqueIhesdissemagalhaeesque
eleIhesfaryaacrecetarosoldoelevama-
tym*-"^padousanos.
capitamdap^'m*naaofernademagalhaeese
desegundaRuyfaley°daS""^J"decartagena
q^hefeitormoordarmadada
4'"'
quesada
C'adodoargobpodesevilhaab'^vaysemca-
pitamsabidovaynellaporpilotocarvalho
portugues,nestasedizquehademeteer
porcapitadesqueforedefozeforaha
alv"damizq'tadest^'^mozquecaaestaa
OSportugesesquecavejopahirem
§ocarvalhopiloto
§estevagomezpiloto
§osserraaopiloto
§
ycop''etogalegopilotohadiasq^caavive
§alv°damyzq'tadestmoz
§martydamyzq'tadestremoz

353. APPENDIX. IX
§fr""da"secaf"doc*^"''dorrosmauiuliall
§xpovaferr*f*doc^°^'decastelejo
§martimgillf°doJuizdosorfaaosdelixboa
§
podabreuc"adodobpodecafy
§duartebai-bosasob^'nhodedi°barbosacadodobpode
9ig*uen9a
§ant°frrzq^vivianamourariadelixboa
§luisa"debejaq^foyc''adodas^"^Ifanteq^dstern
§J°dasilvaf°den"dasilvadailbadamadeira
estemedissesenpq^n^oaviadebyrsalvose
vosaaltezaoouveseperseus''vicoeandacome
dicipuloencuberto.
§ofaleirotemcaaseupayemayeirmaaos liii
deleslevaconsigo.
out'*jentemiudademocosdestestambedize
q^amdebyrdequefareymemoriaavosa
altezasemandarquandofore,
aq^ntaptedestaarmacaliedexpovadeliaroo
qnelameteomj^ducadosDizcaaqvosa
altezaIbemadolatomarxx^+
^°^
defaze-
daelledaacaaosavisosdarmadade
vosaaltezaasydafeitacomodaque
sefazsoube
qpbuuc"adoseuqla
tem.avendoseascartasdestepodriavosa
altezasabr
p
queviasabiaestessec^'^tos.
asmercaderiasquelevasamcobreazouge
panesbaxosdecoressedasbaxasdecores
emarlotasfeitasdestassedas.
certificassequeptiraestaarmadapabaxo
emfimdesteJulliomasamynomoparece
asyneatemeadoagosto^postoqueocorreo
venliamaiscede.
arrotaquesedizquebandelevarbedir'''
aocabofryoficandoIbeobrasyamaodir'*
^4,000. 220,000.
c

354. X. APPENDIX.
atepasaralinliadapticaedal}^navegar
aoeloesteeloesnoroestedir'"^amaluco
aquailtrrademalucoeuvyasentadana
poma^ecartaquecafezof^deReynell
aquailn5eraacabadaquandocaaseupay
veoporele^eseupayacaboutudoe
posestastrrasdemalucoepestepa-
deramsefazemtodallascartasas
quaeesfazdi°E,ibeiroefazasagullias
quadranteseesperasporemnovaynar-
madanemqrmais
q
ganliardecomeer
pseuengenho.
desdestecabofrioateasIlliasdemaluco
p
estanavegagamnolianehuastrrasasentadas
nascartasquelevap"zaad^stodopoderoso
quetallviajemfacacomooscorterraes_,evosa
altezafiquedescansado. esejasenp''^asye-
vejadocomohedetodolosp''ncipes.
Seiinorout''^armadasefaazdetresnavios
podrespeqnosemquevayporcapitam
andresninhoestelevaout'^^dousnavios
pequenoslavradosempeegasdetronestes
velhosestevayatrrafyrmeqdescoVop^
ayreSjaoportodelaryniedalyliade
hyrportrraxxlegoasaomaardosull
dondeseliadelevarptrraosnavios
lavradoscomaenxarceeadosvelhose
armalosnestemaardosulledescob^r
comestesnaviosmilllegoasemaisna
conf*oeloeste,ascostasdatrra
q
sechamagataioenestashadehyr
porcapitammoorgillgftzcontador
daIlhaespanholaevampdousarios.
partindoestasarmadassefazloguo
1Globe.

355. APPENDIX. XI
oiitradequat°naviospaliyrsegundo
sediznaesteirademagalhaeespore
comoaindaystonoestepostoemgoco
desefaz*"nosesabecousa^cousa^certa
eestoordenaxpovadeliaroooquese
maispasareuofareysabravosa
alteza.
asnovasdaarmadaqueelReydomcarlesma-
dafaz^pasedefenderouofenderafranca
ouliyraoempereeocomosedizescusoesc''®ver
avosaaltezaporqueden°Ribeiroquehe
emCartagenaasteravosaaltezamaiscertas
maslianovaQertanestacidadepcartasque
elReydefrancadivulgaqueelReydocarles
nohadeseeremperadorequeeleohade
sseropapaajudaelReydefrancapvia
onestaconcedeIhequat"capelospaque
OSdesseaqueeleq'sessedizsequeelRey
defrancaosternpadaaraqueosele-
gedoresdoempereoq,'seremdondesecerte-
ficaqueouelReydefrangaseraemperador
ouqueelec|'s%oquemaispasarnestas
armadaseutereyespeciallcuidadodeofaz*"sabr
avosaaltezaaindaqeuestavajafrionistopor
quemepareceoqvosaaltezaoqriapoutresabr
porquevycaan°Ribeiroeout*^p*®
qcomigo
falavapmodedisymuladoquerendosabr
demy.beesoasmaaosdevosaalteza^desevilha
axviijdeJulhode1519.
SebastiaAlurz.
>Sic.

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357. APPENDIX.
No.IV.
Moradiasdacasareal—Mac.1—L°.
1,f".47,v".
fernaudemagalhaes i°dep"de
magalliaesaveraonzediasdeJaii''°
desteanoedezeseysdiasdemayoe
todoJunlioadousmilletrezentos
edozers
p*"mescoc"^*arq*''p^dia vIxvirs
E,"osobrinoexiiijden^°de¥*=xxv
paeptedetresmesesqIhe
aindadevedoanodevynteetres
dosqtromesesijIhemada-
vadardeqteavydohumes
seg'^°setudoqteehuescryto
seuqIhedelesedemaystpo
deude
q
jahepagosom^®dostres
mesesqIheaindadeviaE,°oscynq°
millesesentaeseysR'^ecyma
qteudos.
BASTM
DaCOSTA. xiiiij"Ixxxiij
FeknaRoiz.

358. XIV APPENDIX.
No.V.
MD.xxivdemenseAugusti.
SerenissimoPrincipe_,etexcellentissimi Signori,
SupplicojoAntonioPigafettaVicentinoCavallierhiero-
solimitanodiedesiderando vederdelmondo nellianni
passatijhonavicatocumlecaravellidelaMaiestaCesarea^
citesonoandateatrovarleTsole^dovenasconolespecie
nollenoveIndie^nelqualviazohocircumdato tutto il
mondoatornoetperessercosa^chemaihomoIhafatta^ho
compostounlibretodetuttoeldittoviazo^qualdesidero
farstampir.Etperhosuplicodegratiacheperannixx
alcunnonpossistampirlo,salvochivoroio,sottopenaa
chielstampassOjostampatoaltroveelportassequi,oltrae^
perder lilibrideessercondenato liretreperlibro_,etla
executionepossiesserfattaperqualunquemagistratode
questacitaachisarafattalaconscientia etsiadivisala
pena,unterzoalarsenaldelasublimitavostra,unterzo
alacusador,etunterzoaquellichefaranolaexecutione,
aliagratiasuahumilitermiriconiando.
Diev'°Augusti.
Aloysdepriolis
m^dandeq's
joEmiliano
Lazar.mocenigo
departe152
Consil. deNon 6
nonsync 2
(SenateTerra,reg.23,p
124.

359. INDEX.

361. GENERALINDEX.
Amboinaj149
Amoretti,liliii
AmsterdamIsland,Ivii^233
AstronomerKoyal,6
BachianIsland,24,142
Bautista,MestreJuan,pilotofthe
"Trinity", Ivi,253.SeePoncero
Bibliography, 1-lvi,210
BirdofParadise,143,205,209
Borneo,13,18,
2i),110-118,202-205,
227
Brasil,43-48
vocabulary,48
Burningofthe"Conception", 105,
202
Cannibals,44,49,122,149,188
CapeofGoodHopedoubled,160,
235
Ceremonies,97
China,157,158
Cloves,134
CochinChina,156
Cocoa-nutpalms,72,73
"Conception",burningof,105,202
CaptainGaspardeQuesada,
Conversionofislanders,81,92,94,
99,225
CouncilofwarheldbyAlbuquerque,
sxi
Curiousanimals,119
birds,42,83,84,99,143,146,
155,205,209
people,148,150,151,154
shell-fish,91
Demarcation,lineof,67,185
Desertionofthe"SanAntonio", 7,
59,195,250
Diane,la,morningcall,earlyuseof
theterm,39
DiscoveryoftheStraits,8,59,64
Disnaturalisation, iv-xv
earliestcaseof,Teucer,i
Eclipseofsun,6
Fabulousstories,155
FleetofAndresNino,Ixv
Magellan, xlii,257
FrenchclaimtoAmsterdamIsland,
Ivii
Gaticara,orCapeComorin,68,189,
209
GiloloIsland,29,133,202,230
KechilDeroix,sonofKingofTer-
nate,128,141
India,159,160
LadroneIslands,discoveryof,9,68,
70,223
Magellan,birth-place,xv
genealogy,xvi
coatofarms,xvi
services,xvii-xxv
discontent, ii,xviii,xxv
disnaturalisation, xi,xxv
marriage,xvi
children,xvi,xvii
will,XV,xvii
ordinances,37-39
orderoftheday,177,193
characteristics, xviii-xx,xlviii,
Iviii,96
death,Saturday,April27th,
1521,12,101,102,200,251,252
fame,xxvii,xlvii
virtues,9B,103
Magellanicclouds,66
MareIsland,146
MassawaIsland,11,16,83,198
MatanIsland,12,99,199
MindanaoIslandorQuipit,106,121
Moluccas,147,205
disputesastothem,iii,iv,205,
220
Montevideo,215
Musk,158
MutinyofofficersofMagellan's
fleets,3,56,194,243,244,247-250

362. XVlll INDEX.
NairsofMalabar,160
Navigation, treatise ofbyPiga-
fetta,164-174
byFranciscoFaleiro,xlviii
PalawanIsland,109,119
Patagonians, 5,49-55,64,189-191,
218
vocabulary,62,63
Pearls,117
PhilippineIslands,71,105
customs,97-99
idols.96
plantingofacross,81,82
Pigafetta,75,104,163,175,182
petitiontoDogeandCouncil
ofVenice,lii;Appendix,xiv
Porcelain,107,117
Eamusio'sdiscourse,181-183
St.Elmo'slight,42,49
St.JulianPort,3,4,49,55,189
St.Paul'sIsland,Ivii
SanPablo'sIsland. SeeUnfortu-
nateIslands
Sta.Cruzriver,57
"Santiago",lossof,4,56
CaptainJuanSerrano,
Sati,orSuttee,154
Scurvy,65
Sebuisland,11,84,198
Serradossaconvent,xl
Setebos,53
Siam,85,156
Skirmishwithislanders,69,101
Spices,134,208
Straits,discoveryof,7,8,',60,219
SouthernCross,67
SuluIslands,120
SumatranslaveofMagellan,103
SumditandPradit,67,159
TenerifeIsland,40,41
TernateIsland,23,127
TiburonesIsland.SeeUnfortunate
Islands
TidoreIsland,23,124,144
TimorIsland,151
Trade.91,129,139,176
"Trinity",flag-ship,springsaleak,
25,144,209
hersubsequentvoyageand
loss,26-29,237-242
Captains—Magellan
DuarteBarbosa
JoanCarvalho
JuanBautista
JoanCarvalho
GonzaloGomezde
Spinosa
Unfortunate Islands,9,31,65,197,
222
ValuationsoftheCompass,67
"Victoria"speaksPeroCoresma's
ship,256
doublesCapeofGoodHope,
160,235
arrestbyPortugueseatCape
VerdeIslandsofpartofhercrew,
162,210,235,256
returnstoSeville,162
——Captains—LuisdeMendoQa
JuanSerrano
SebastiandelCano
WRITERSQUOT-ED.
Amoretti, ii
Barros,ii,iii,xx,14
Camoens,xxvii,xlvi,xlvii
Castanheda,xix
Conchita(ArtedeNavegacion),xlix
Condorcet, viii,ix
Correa,iv,xvii,xviii,xxii,Ivi,Iviii,
241,242,244-256
Denis,Ferdinand,xvi,xxvi
Documents,xxviii-xlvi
FariaySousa,xxvii
Herrera,175,176
Lima,Antoniode,genealogist,xvi
Machado,Barbosa,xlviii
Mariana,xii
Mosquera(Numantia), 1
Navarrete,xlix,243-,244,257
Osorio,iv,v
Pimenta,Bernardo,genealogist,xvi
Quintana, xii,xiii
Eamusio, liii
Thornassy,Eichard,Ii
Vattel,vii

363. INDEX. XIX
NAMESOFPERSONS.
Abuleis,SultanofTernate,128
Albuquerque,xxi-xxiv
Jorgede,240,255
Alvarez,Sebastian,xxxvi,xlviii
Alvaro,Francisco,orAlvo,pilot,
Ivi,175
Angulo,Francisco,244
Anriques,D.Garciade,29,255
Antonio,carpenter.239
"
Arias,Diego,237,239
Barbosa,Beatrice,xvi
Diogo,xvi,Iviii,243,247
Duarte,xvii,xliii,xlix,13,103,
177
Barruty,Domingode,243
Basazaval,Antonio,239
Bautista,Juan,Ivi,253
Behaim,Martin,Iv,58
Brito,Antoniode,28,128,238
Calderon,JuanGutierrez, xxviii,
xxxiii
Campos,Joamde,15,237,239
Cartbagena,Juande,13,56,177
Carvalbo,Dr.AntonioNunes,Ivi
JoamLopezde,xliii,13,16,45,
54,104,115,116,146,239,243,244,
252-255
Cervicornus,Eucbarius,210
CbiericatoMonsgr.,35
Cbincbilla,Juande,244
Elcano,Sebastian,xlix,1,175
Espinosa,GonzaloGomezde,14,19,
237,238,241,243,248,252,256
Fabre'seditionofvoyage,liv,Iv
Faleiro,Francisco,xlviii
Euy, xxvi, xxxiii, xxxvii,
xxxviii,xliii
Falkner,Jesuit,63
Gabato,Sebastian,241
Gama,Vascoda,240
Gomez,Esteban,xliii,244
Gonzales,Gil,Ixv
Guerra,Geronimo, clerkof"San
Antonio",243,244
GuzmanelBueno,xii,xiii
Hans,bombardier,241
Haro,Cristovalde,xxxviii,Ixv,187,
188,244
Diegode,xii
Heredia,Sancbode,notaryinthe
fleet,243
Jansen,Iv
Jorge,Dom,xxxvii
Lorosa,PeroAfonsode,24,128,
131,140
Louise,Eegent, 1,47,163,182
Mafra,Ginesde,241
Magalhaes,Annade,xv
Teresade,xv
Mansur,Sultan,126
Manuel,Dom,KingofPortugal,
iii,xxiv,xxxvii,127
Martir,Peter,liii,181
Matienzo,Dr.Sancbode,xxviii,
xxxiii
Mello,Diegode,240
Mendes,Martin,243
MendoQa,Luisde,3,56,177
Meneses,Duartede,255
Henriquede,29,241
Tristande,131
Mesquita,Alvarode,3,7,59,195,
243
Martinde,xliii
Molino,Luisdel,237
Morales,licentiate,241
Moreno,Anton,shipboy,240
NamesofCaptainswhoaccompanied
AlbuquerquetoGoa,xxii,xxiii
offirstcircumnavigators, 175
ofPhilippinetownsandchiefs,
105
Pacheco,Antonio,xx
Pancaldo,Leon,240
Pedxo,bombardier,237,239
Pereira,Francisco,240
Pigafetta,75,104,163,175,182
Pinelo,Lorenzo,xxxii
Poncero,Baatista,240
Prim,General,xiii
Quesada,Gasparde,xliii,3,56,177,
243,247
Eeina,PeroSanchezde,priest,177
Keynell,cosmographer, xliv
Eibeiro,Diego,cosmographer, xliv
Eicalde,JuanLopez de,xxviii,
xxxiii,243
Eoger,Duarte,238

364. XX INDEX.
Sa,Franciscode,xvii
Sanchez,Barfcolome,238,240
SanMartin,Andresde,6,1U4,i78,
241,242
SantaCruz,Franciscode,xxxii
Sequeira,DiogoLopezde,131
Serrano,Francisco, iii,xlix,127,137
Juan,xxiii,xliii,xlix,60,103,
104,201,202
Marshal,DuquedelaTorre,
xiii
Solis,Juande,49,188
Sousa,Bastiande,xvii
Speleta,Leonde,clerkofflagship,
243
Valentyn,Iviii
Vlaming,Ivii
Wren,Eichard,Iv,Ivi
ERRATA.
Page11,]Note,/or"Massana",read"Massaua".
,,57,Note,„"Seameux", „"Scameux"
„234,ISTote,a/fer"GreatFishEiver",insert"ortheKeiskamma
Eiver".
T,RICHARDS,PRINIKR,37,GREATQUEENSTREET.

365. nm231888
(Nov.,1887,20,000)
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