The Global South - The Contemporary World

The Global South

1. SOUT H TH E GLOBA L

2. WHA T I S G L OBA L SOU T H ?

3. GLOBA L SOUT H Refers to countries located primarily in the Southern Hemisphere. Often characterized by lower levels of economic development compared to the Global North. This countries often face challenges such as poverty, inequality, and l imited access to resources.

4. describe countries that were economically disadvantaged compared to the more affluent countries of the Northern Hemisphere ORIGIN: originated in the 20th century as a way to

5. WHA T I S TH E PURPOS E O F GLOBA L SOUTH ? CHALLENGING GLOBAL INEQUITIES: The Global South serves to highlight and address the economic disparities between developed and developing countries, aiming to promote a more equitable distribution of resources and opportunities globally. PROMOTING SOUTH- SOUTH COOPERATION: Countries in the Global South collaborate to address common challenges and pursue shared interests, fostering cooperation in areas such as trade, technology transfer, and sustainable development.

6. ADVOCATING FOR GLOBAL JUSTICE: The Global South advocates for reforming global governance structures to ensure greater representation and participation of developing countries in decision- making processes. CULTURAL EXCHANGE AND SOLIDARITY: The Global South aims to enrich each nation’s culture and unity by providing support and inspiration to countries belonging to it.

7. WHA T I S TH E IMPAC T O F GLOBALIZATIO N I N GLOBA L SOUTH ?

8. POLITICA L IMPAC T BRETTON WOODS INSTITUTIONS: WORLD BANK AND IMF SHAPE GLOBAL SOUTH' S ECONOMIC POLICIES, FAVORING NEOLIBERALISM. NEOLIBERAL IDEOLOGY: MINIMAL GOVERNMENT INTERVENTIO N IN MARKET S, PROMOTING DEREGULATION, TRADE LIBERALIZATION, AND PRIVATIZATION. LOSS OF POLITICAL AUTONOMY: GLOBAL SOUTH NATIONS MUST ADHERE TO NEOLIBERAL POLICIES TO RECEIVE AID, LEADING TO REDUCED POLITICAL INDEPENDENCE.

9. STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT PROGRAMS: INTRODUCED IN THE 1980 s , IMPOSED NEOLIBERAL POLICIES IN EXCHANGE FOR AID, LIMITING GLOBAL SOUTH' S ECONOMIC POLICY CHOICES. IMPACT ON DEVELOPMENT: NEOLIBERAL POLICIES HINDER GLOBAL SOUTH' S DEVELOPMENT AGENDAS, LIMITING INDUSTRIALIZATION AND ECONOMIC CONTROL.

10. SOCIA L IMPAC T Globalization of Culture: The advancement of technology facilitates the spread of Western culture into the Global South, impacting indigenous traditions and practices. Western Cultural Dominance: Western products and media, such as Coca- Cola and Western television programs, become widespread in the Global South, promoting the admiration of Western culture. Resurgence of Orientalism and Ethnocentrism: The revival of Orientalism and Ethnocentrism leads to the comparison of non- Western cultures with Western standards, resulting in the gradual erosion of local practices.

11. Loss of Cultural Heritage: Ethnocentrism inadvertently undermines non- Western cultures, leading to feelings of disconnection and the weakening of cultural identity. Resistance and Defiance: Despite the influence of Western culture, local societies in the Global South persist in resisting and asserting their significance, though they encounter difficulties in maintaining their authenticity.

12. ECONOMICA L IMPACT S ALIGNMENT WITH NEOLIBERAL IDEOLOGY: THE INTEGRATION OF THE GLOBAL SOUTH INTO THE GLOBAL ECONOMY OFTEN INVOLVES ENDORSING NEOLIBERAL ECONOMIC PRINCIPLES LIKE TRADE LIBERALIZATION, PRIVATIZATION, AND LIMITED GOVERNMENT INVOLVEMENT. STAGNATION OR REGRESSION OF ECONOMIC GROWTH: MANY GLOBAL SOUTH NATIONS HAVE FAILED TO FULLY EXPLOIT GLOBALIZATION, RESULTING IN EITHER STAGNANT OR DECLINING ECONOMIC GROWTH. RELIANCE ON AGRICULTURAL AND EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIES WITHOUT ADDING VALUE EXACERBATES THIS PROBLEM.

13. DEINDUSTRIALIZATION: THE ADOPTION OF NEOLIBERAL POLICIES IN THE 1980S LED TO THE DEINDUSTRIALIZATION OF NUMEROUS GLOBAL SOUTH COUNTRIES. ABANDONING PROTECTIVE MEASURES AND EMBRACING TRADE LIBERALIZATION FLOODED MARKETS WITH CHEAP FOREIGN GOODS, CAUSING LOCAL MANUFACTURERS TO CLOSE DOWN. DIVERSE EXPERIENCES: WHILE CERTAIN GLOBAL SOUTH ECONOMIES, PARTICULARLY IN SOUTHEAST ASIA, PARTS OF AFRICA, AND LATIN AMERICA, HAVE PROFITED FROM GLOBALIZATION THROUGH NEOLIBERAL STRATEGIES, CHALLENGES PERSIST. FOR INSTANCE, EXPORT- ORIENTED NATIONS OFTEN CONFRONT ISSUES SUCH AS INADEQUATE WORKER PROTECTION, RESULTING IN HARSH WORKING CONDITIONS AND LOW WAGES.

14. CHALLENGES DESPITE GROWTH: EVEN IN COUNTRIES EXPERIENCING POSITIVE GROWTH AND INDUSTRIALIZATION, CHALLENGES REMAIN, HIGHLIGHTING THE COMPLEXITIES AND NUANCES OF THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION IN THE GLOBAL SOUTH.

15. WHA T CHALLENGE S DOE S TH E GLOBA L SOUT H FACE ? The maįor challenges facing the Global South include extreme climate events, failure of climate mitigation and adaptation , differences in postcolonial histories and biases in the international system , changes in economic power and the potential loss of social achievements, etc.