The heamatoma presentation

HEAMATOMA, HEMORRHAGE,ACCUMULATION OF BLOOD WITHIN THE TISSUE AS A RESULT OF THE DAMAGE OF THE BLOOD VESSELS

1. The heamatoma presentation By Ericanos M ubayiwa

2. What is a hematoma? Hematoma is generally defined as a collection of blood outside of blood vessels . a solid swelling of clotted blood within the tissues.

3. …about heamatoma hematomas are caused by an injury to the wall of a blood vessel, prompting blood to seep out of the blood vessel into the surrounding tissues. can result from an injury to any type of blood vessel (artery, vein, or small capillary) hematoma usually describes bleeding which has more or less clotted, whereas a hemorrhage signifies active, ongoing bleeding.

4. Causes of hematoma… injury or trauma to blood vessels. This can happen as a result of any damage to blood vessels that can disrupt the integrity of the blood vessel wall. Even minimal damage to a small blood vessel can result in a hematoma. E.g , a hematoma under a nail ( subungual hematoma) can simply occur from minor trauma to the nail or from a light stroke against an object.

5. … subungual hematoma

6. severe traumas can cause more major hematomas. Falling from a height or getting into a motor vehicle accident can cause noticeably large bleeding under the skin or inside body cavities (chest or abdomen). Other types of tissue injury causing a hematoma can result from surgeries of any sort. Because these procedures damage nearby tissues and blood vessels, often hematomas may form around the site of the procedure.

7. Causes cont … Occasionally, a hematoma may happen spontaneously without any identifiable cause or recollection of any specific injury or trauma. Certain blood thinner medications can increase the risk of hematoma formation,e.g , People who take medications such as….

8. Causes cont … aspirin-containing products (like Alka Seltzer) may develop a hematoma much easier and with less severe injury to their blood vessels than other people. These medications impair the clotting ability of the blood and therefore, minor damage to a blood vessel becomes more difficult to repair, resulting in hematoma formation.

9. Types of hematoma… Epidural hematomas occur because of trauma, often to the temple, where the middle meningeal artery is located. Bleeding accumulates in the epidural space, outside the ' dura ' which is the lining of the brain. Because of the way the dura is attached to the skull, small hematomas can cause significant pressure and brain injury.

10. Epidural hematoma symptoms: back pain, weakness, loss of bowel or bladder control

11. Types cont … 2. Subdural hematomas also occur because of trauma but the injury is usually to the veins in the brain. This causes a slower leak of blood, which enters the 'subdural' space below the dura . Bleeding into the subdural space may be very slow,

12. Subdural hematoma symptoms: headache, neurologic problems (weakness on one side, difficulty speaking, falling), confusion, seizures

13. Types cont … 3 . Intracerebral hematomas occur within the brain tissue itself. Intracerebral hematomas may be due to bleeding from uncontrolled high blood pressure, an aneurysm leak or rupture, trauma, tumor or stroke.

14. Types cont … 4. Scalp hematomas occur on the outside of the skull and often can be felt as a bump on the head. Because the injury is to the skin and muscle layers outside of the skull, the hematoma itself cannot press on the brain

15. Types cont … 5 . Aural or ear hematomas may occur if an injury causes bleeding to the outside helix or cartilage structure of the ear. Often called boxer's, wrestler's ear

16. Types cont … 6 . Septal hematomas occur with nasal trauma. A septal hematoma may form associated with a broken nose

17. Types cont … 7 . Subungual hematomas are the result of rush injuries to the fingers or toes. Bleeding occurs under the fingernail or toenail and since it is trapped, pressure builds causing pain.

18. Subungual hematoma symptoms: nail pain, nail weakness, nail loss, disfiguring nail

19. Types cont … 8 . subcutaneous hematomas . These occur due to trauma or injuries to the superficial blood vessels under the skin. Individuals who take anti-coagulant medication are more prone to subcutaneous hematomas.

20. Types cont … 9. Intra-abdominal hematomas , may be due to a variety of injuries or illnesses. Hematomas may occur in solid organs such as the liver, spleen, or kidney

21. symptoms: abdominal pain, flank pain

22. Types cont … 10. Passing clots or hematomas is a common complaint when women menstruate. Blood can accumulate in the vagina as part of the normal menses and instead of flowing out immediately, it may form small blood clots. Passing blood clots after delivering a baby is also relatively common. However, vaginal bleeding and passing blood clots or hematomas while pregnant is not normal and should be a sign to seek medical attention.

23. How is a hematoma diagnosed? includes physical inspection along with a comprehensive medical history tests including complete blood count (CBC), coagulation panel, chemistry and metabolic panel, and liver tests may be useful in evaluating a person with a hematoma and to assess any underlying conditions and evaluate whether these are responsible for the hematoma formation.

24. Diagonosis cont … Imaging studies are often needed to diagnose hematomas inside the body. Computerized tomography (CT) of the head can reliably diagnose subdural hematoma CT of the abdomen is a good test if a hematoma in the abdominal cavity (intra-abdominal, hepatic, splenic, retroperitoneal, peritoneal) is suspected Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is more reliable in detecting epidural hematomas than a CT scan.

25. Treatment… For certain small and symptom-free hematomas no medical treatment may be necessary. On the other hand, symptomatic hematomas or those located in certain locations sometimes require medical or surgical treatment. Surgical drainage is a common method of treatment for certain hematomas. Presence of symptoms and location of the hematoma generally dictate what type of procedure is needed and how urgently it needs to be done

26. Treatment cont … E.g , a subdural hematoma resulting in symptoms such as headache, weakness, or confusion may require urgent drainage by a neurosurgeon, Conversely, if a subdural hematoma is thought to be symptom-free and chronic, it may be left alone and monitored occasionally by imaging studies (CT scan). a subungual hematoma with severe discomfort can be drained through the nail to allow the blood to drain from the space between the nail and the underlying tissue

27. Questions

28. Thank you…