.THE-HUMAN-GROUP.pptx

Social Science

1. THE HUMAN GROUP Philip Charles Davis, RN, EMT, PHN

2. Groups and Social Groups Groups -collection of two or more persons who are in social interaction, who are guided by similar norms, values, and expectations and who maintain a stable pattern of relations over a period of time. (G. Homan, 1950) -set of individuals who identify and interact with one another in structures way based on shared values and goals(D. Light, 1984) Social Group -A unit of interacting personalities with interdependence of roles and statuses existing between and among themselves. - a collection of people who interact with each other in accordance with the position they occupy in the society.

3. Other collections( but are not considered as social groups) Aggregate- or a crowd; a group of people in the same location at the same but do not share a sense of identity nor interact with each other. Category- some individuals who are similar characteristics but is not, in any way connected to one another.

4. Social relation When an interaction persists often enough, a social relation is formed. Social relation is reciprocal in nature; the behavior of interactors derives its meaning from his relation to the person or person involved. Example Mother- Daughter Husband – Wife Teacher – Student Employer- Employee

5. Social Organization Refers to a type of collectivity established for the pursuit of the specific aims or goals, characterized by formal structure of rules, authority relations, a division of labor and limited membership or admission. (J. Daymond, 1995) 2 Types of Social Organization 1. Formal – Formed specific goal or purpose example: Government, SSG, - Characterized by : Division of labor, Set of Rules/policies, System replacing/inducting members 2. Informal- serve the needs of individual members without a well defined purpose.

6. 3 Types of Formal Organization Utilitarian- provide income, a means of livelihood or other type of benefits to its members. Normative- pursue moral goals and commitments. Coercive- uses force to maintain control.

7. Types of Social Groups social groups according to Social Ties social groups according to Self Identification Social Groups According to Purpose

8. Types of social groups according to Social Ties Primary Groups -A small group that shares close, personal, enduring relationship; a fundamental unit of human society. -Characterized by Love, affection, care, support, concern, etc.. e.g Family, close friends

9. Types of social groups according to Social Ties Secondary Group -characterized by impersonal, business-like and goal oriented relationships. -Mostly temporary, involve weak emotional ties and little personal knowledge about one another. e.G Employees, workmates, business associates, faculty and staff, etc

10. Primary Group Secondary Group 1. Physical condition Small Numbers, Long Duration Big numbers, Short duration 2. Social Characteristics Intrinsic valuation of the relation Extrinsic valuation of the relation Intrinsic valuation of other persons Extrinsic valuation of other persons Inclusive knowledge of other persons Specialized and limited knowledge of other persons Feeling of freedom and spontaneity Feeling of external contraint

11. Primary Secondary operation of informal control operation of informal control 3. Sample Relationship Friend-friend, husband-wife Clerk customer, announcer-listener Parents-child, teacher-pupil Performer-spectator, officer-subordinate 4. Sample Groups Playgroup, Family, Village, Work Team Nation, Church Hierarchy, Professional Association Work Team Corporation

12. Types of social groups according to Self Identification In-groups Out-groups Reference Groups

13. In- Groups(US) A group where an individual feel like he/she belongs to. A social unit in which individuals feel at home and with which they identify. We tend to feel positively to our in-group members-in group Bias

14. Out-Groups(THEY) Groups an individual does not identify with due to difference such as status, social class, interest, beliefs, etc. Some other individuals feel opposition or desire to compete to out groups.

15. Reference/Psychological Group A group which individuals compare themselves to; standard of measurement. Refers to a group to which an individual or another group compared. This is a group which individuals relate or aspire to relate themselves psychologically. Compare standards

16. Types of Social Groups According to Purpose Special Interest Groups- groups which are organized to meet the special interest of the members. E.g Handicraft, Painting, Arts, Music, Glee Dance Task Group – groups assigned to accomplish jobs which cannot be done by one person. E.g Task Force Influence Peer groups-groups organized to support or influence social actions. E.G Peer counsellor

17. Types of Social Groups According to Location or Quality of relationship GEMEINSHAFT ( Community)- individual bounds together by common norms, often because of shared physical space and shared beliefs. Based of Mutual feelings of Togetherness GESELLSCHAFT (Society)- refers to associations in which self-interest is the primary justification for the membership. Usually the members has the primary goal enhancing their own self interest.

18. Elements of Effective Group Functions Democratic or participate leadership is employed. -Hearing different Opinions(Flexible patterns of communication - A cooperative problem solving approach Members deals openly and candidly with one another - Decision techniques which favor a sharing of responsibility via protection of the individual rights are used rather than techniques which place the responsibility clearly in the hands of but a portion of a group.

19. Some factors affecting Group Dynamics Group Dynamics main concern is how the way groups influence individuals and how individuals influence a group. Factors Affecting Group size( the larger the group the more difficult to handle) Types of Groups goal( Might be positive or negative) Kinds of Group Cohesion( the bond between members affect– Team Building activity) Social Conformity Group Decision Making( Orientation, Evaluation, Reaching Decision, Restore Equilibrium) Leadership

20. Leadership Leader- someone who influences other people in a groups. ( inspire, Lead, guides Leadership is an act of leading, guiding, and inspiring a group of people or an organization.

21. 2 types of leaders Instrumental leaders- the one that make plan to achieve the goal of the group; focused on groups/goals/purpose. Expressive Leaders- is not particular with goal but aims to increase harmony and lessen conflict within its group.

22. Qualities of a leader Intelligence Dominance Charisma Enthusiasm Courage Determination Self Confidence High Sense of Integrity Tact Diplomacy Involvement A good Listener, a visionary and a good role model.