The-Indian-Constitution-Foundation-of-Our-Democracy.pptx

Notes

1. The Indian Constitution: Foundation of Our Democracy The Constitution of India is a comprehensive document containing rules that govern our country. It regulates the powers of legislature, executive, and judiciary. It defines their interrelationships and establishes the framework for governance. by vaishali nirmal

2. Enactment of the Indian Constitution 1 July 1946 Elections to the Provincial Assembly were held. 2 Representation The Constituent Assembly of undivided India consisted of 385 members. 3 Composition 292 members were elected and 93 were nominated by Princely States.

3. Formation of the Constituent Assembly First Meeting The first sitting was held on December 9, 1946 in the Central Hall of Parliament. First Chairman Dr. Sachidananda Sinha, the oldest member, presided over the first meeting. Membership Change After partition, membership reduced from 385 to 299 as Pakistan representatives withdrew.

4. Composition of the Constituent Assembly Diverse Representation The Assembly included all communities despite the Cabinet Mission's limited plan. Minority Inclusion Anglo-Indians, Christians, Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes all got representation. Muslim Presence Despite League boycott, Zafar Imam and Mohammad Saadullah represented Muslims.

5. Objectives Resolution Proposal Jawaharlal Nehru proposed the 'Objectives Resolution' on December 13, 1946. Goals It highlighted objectives and laid down the 'national goals' for free India. Adoption The Constituent Assembly passed it on January 22, 1947.

6. Key Principles of Objectives Resolution 1 Republic Free India will be nothing but a 'republic'. 2 Democracy Social, political and economic democracy would be guaranteed to all people. 3 Fundamental Rights The republic would grant Fundamental Rights to citizens. 4 Minority Protection The state would safeguard the rights of minorities and backward classes.

7. Dr. Ambedkar's Contribution 1 Architect Chief architect of the Constitution 2 Social Justice Special safeguards for minorities and backward classes 3 Integration Single citizenship, judiciary and fundamental laws 4 Strong Centre Strong central government for national integrity

8. Readings of the Constitution First Reading The Draft was discussed by the Constituent Assembly since November 4, 1948. Second Reading The second reading was completed on October 17, 1949. Final Reading The third and final reading was completed on November 26, 1949.

9. Adoption and Implementation Time Taken Nearly three years to finalize the Constitution. 1 Final Document 395 Articles and Eight Schedules at the time of signing. 2 Adoption Date Adopted on November 26, 1949. 3 Implementation Came into force on January 26, 1950 with Dr. Rajendra Prasad as first President. 4

10. Significance of January 26 1 Historical Date January 26 was specifically chosen for its historical importance. 2 Purna Swaraj On January 26, 1929, the Lahore Session of the Indian National Congress gave the call for Purna Swaraj. 3 Republic Day January 26, 1950 marks the day India truly became a sovereign democratic republic.