The Internet & WorldPowerPoint Wide Web.pdf

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1. 1
The Internet & World Wide Web
Dr. Abdelhamid R. Khattab
Sinai University (SU)
E-Mail: [email protected]

2. What is the Internet?
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Two types of description:
•Infrastructure
This view focuses on the physical components that make up the internet,
including:
•Hardware: Computers, servers, routers, cables, and other networking
equipment.
•Software: Operating systems, protocols (like TCP/IP), and applications
that enable communication and data exchange.
•Functionality
This view emphasizes the services provided by the Internet, such as:
•Communication tools (email, messaging)
•Information access (web browsing)
•Entertainment (games, streaming)
•Collaboration (social networking)
•Real-time communication (VoIP)
•File sharing (P2P)

3. Infrastructure
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communication links
•fiber, copper, radio, satellite
transmission rate: bandwidth

packet switches: forward
packets (chunks of data)
•routers and switches

wired links
wireless
links
router
smartphone
PC
wireless
laptop
•billions of connected computing devices:
hosts = end systems
•running network apps
Home network
regional ISP
Institutional network
mobile network
server

4. Infrastructure
•Network Architecture
–The internet is a massive interconnection
of smaller networks, often referred to as a
"network of networks."
•Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
–These organizations offer Internet access
to both individual users and organizations.
•Communication Protocols
– Protocols are sets of rules that govern
how data is formatted, transmitted, and
received on the Internet.
–Common examples include TCP/IP
(Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol) and HTTP (Hypertext Transfer
Protocol).

4

5. How We Connect

6. What’s a Protocol?
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Hi
Hi
Got the
time?
2:00
TCP
connection
response
Get http://www.awl.com/kurose-ross
<file>
time
TCP
connection
request
computer network protocol human protocol
Transmission Control Protocol )TCP( is a fundamental communication
standard designed to reliably deliver data and messages across networks. As a
core protocol of the internet, TCP establishes essential rules for data
transmission, ensuring efficient and orderly communication in digital networks. It
is widely used to facilitate secure and accurate data exchange between devices.

7. 7
Some internet protocol
HTTP: stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol , web
browser uses to request pages and graphics from the web
server.
FTP : File Transfer Protocol is a standard internet
protocol for transmitting files between computers on the
internet .

8. Functionality
•Application Services: The internet functions as a
platform that provides a variety of services to
applications. These services include familiar examples
like:
–World Wide Web browsing
–Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) calls
–Email communication
–Online Gaming
–E-commerce transactions
–Social networking platforms

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9. THE INTERNET
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An Internet Service Provider (ISP) is a
company that provides individuals and
organizations with access to the Internet,
either for free (in rare cases) or for a fee.
•(e.g., Telecom Egypt, Vodafone, Orange).
•Offers different technologies (DSL, Fiber,
Cable, 5G).

10. THE INTERNET
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ISP (Internet
service provider)
Regional ISPs
provide Internet
access to a specific
geographical area
National ISPs
provide Internet
access in cities and
towns nationwide
Online service
provider (OSP)
Has many
members-only
features
Popular OSPs
include AOL
(America Online)
and MSN (Microsoft
Network)
Wireless
Internet service
provider (WISP)
Provides wireless
Internet access to
computers and
mobile devices
May require a
wireless modem

11. Internet Connection Technologies

1
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1.Dial-Up
1.An early internet access method using a telephone line and modem.
2.Slow speeds (up to 56 Kbps), ties up the phone line, and is largely
obsolete.
2.ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line)
1.A broadband technology using existing copper telephone lines.
2.Asymmetric: Faster download than upload speeds (e.g., 24 Mbps
down / 3 Mbps up).
3.Distance from the ISP affects speed.
3.Cable Internet
1.Uses coaxial cable TV infrastructure for high-speed internet.
2.Faster than DSL (e.g., 100 Mbps – 1 Gbps), but speeds may drop
during peak usage due to shared bandwidth.

12. THE INTERNET
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Many home and small business users connect to the Internet via high-speed broadband Internet
service
Cable
Internet
service
DSL
Fiber to
the
Premises
(FTTP)
Fixed
wireless
Wi-Fi
Cellular
Radio
Network
Satellite
Internet
Service

13. Network Connection Types

1. Wired Connections
Ethernet (IEEE 802.3)
A wired networking standard using twisted-pair (Cat5/Cat6) or fiber optic cables.
Commonly used in offices, data centers, and desktop setups for reliable performance.
Fiber Optic
Transmits data as light pulses through glass or plastic fibers.
Ideal for long-distance and high-bandwidth applications (e.g., ISPs, enterprise networks).
2. Wireless Connections
Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11)
A wireless networking technology for laptops, smartphones, and IoT devices.
Modern standards (Wi-Fi 6/6E) support speeds up to 9.6 Gbps with improved efficiency.
Cellular (4G LTE / 5G)
Provides mobile internet access via cellular towers.
Used for smartphones, tablets, and IoT in remote/mobile environments.
3. Satellite Internet
Delivers internet access via satellites, especially in remote areas.
Useful where traditional broadband is unavailable.

14. Networking Devices
•Router
•Forwards data packets between networks (e.g., LAN to WAN).
•Switch vs. Hub
•Switch: Intelligently directs traffic to specific devices (reduces
collisions).
•Hub: Broadcasts data to all devices (outdated, inefficient).

15. Network Types
•LAN (Local Area Network)
•A small, localized network (e.g., home, office, school).
•Uses Ethernet or Wi-Fi, managed by a router/switch.
•WAN (Wide Area Network)
•Spans a large geographical area (e.g., multiple offices, the Internet).
•Connects via ISP links, fiber optics, or satellites.
IP Address (Internet Protocol Address)
A unique numeric for devices on a network (e.g., 192.168.1.1).
•Dynamic IP: Assigned temporarily by Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
( for home users).
•Static IP: Permanently assigned (used for servers, businesses).

16. THE INTERNET
•An IP address is a number that uniquely identifies each
computer or device connected to the Internet
•A domain name is the text version of an IP address
Top-level domain (TLD)
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17. THE INTERNET
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18. 3
Concepts
World Wide Web (WWW) : system of interlinked hypertext
documents accessed via browser, one can view web pages that
may contain text, images, videos, and other multimedia and
navigate between them via hyperlink
بيولاووه ض الة ةحفةضملةمة تمحللض ةاب محفضملا ةاحفضلةمض مةةخض ةعةمجم( ةةان/ ةةا/ملاةبيةبف )ض ةاتمحفة
مةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةن تن فض ةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةاتمض فيةتةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةة للضلةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةبات تض ةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةلفة ض ةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةلعضلبةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةةختلل.

Hyperlink: a clickable item (text , image) on a web page that
connects to another web page or to different part of the same
page.

19. 4
Concepts
Web Browser: application such as internet explorer, fire
fox, and Google chrome, which allow you to view web
pages.
Search Engine : web sites allows you to search for
relevant information on the web.
Firewall: is a software or combination of software and
hardware helps to protect your computer from hackers
and viruses.

20. 5
URL
URL : abbreviation of Uniform Resource Locator , it’s
the global address of documents and other resources on
the world wide web.
First part is called protocol identifier and it indicates
what protocol to use.
Second part: called resource name and it specifies the IP
address or the domain name where the resource is
located.

21. URL
Uniform Resource Locator
Copyright © 2014 by Stephen Makonin
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Scheme: is the type of network protocol
•e.g. http, https, ftp, file (local)
Server: the host name + domain name (→ IP address)
•www is usually default hostname for the web server
Path: Specifies a file or page within the website.
Source: CMPT 165 Course Study Guide, p.
26

22. 6
URL
the protocol identifier and the resource name are
separated by a colon and two forward slashes as the
following examples
ftp://www.pcwebopedia .com /stuff.exe
http://www.google.com
Protocol

23. THE WORLD WIDE WEB
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A Web page has a unique address called a URL or Web address

24. THE INTERNET
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25. THE WORLD WIDE WEB
•The World Wide Web, or Web, consists of a
worldwide collection of electronic documents
(Web pages)
•A Web site is a collection of related Web pages
and associated items
•A Web server is a computer that delivers
requested Web pages to your computer
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26. THE WORLD WIDE WEB
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A Web browser, or browser, allows users to access Web pages and Web 2.0
programs
Internet
Explorer
Firefox Opera
Safari
Google
Chrome

27. THE WORLD WIDE WEB
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28. THE WORLD WIDE WEB
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A home page is the first page that a Web site displays Web pages provide links to
other related Web pages
Surfing the Web
Downloading is the process of receiving information

29. THE WORLD WIDE WEB
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Tabbed browsing allows you to open and view multiple Web
pages in a single Web browser window

30. THE WORLD WIDE WEB
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Two types of search tools are search engines and subject directories
Search
engine
Finds
information
related to a
specific topic
Subject
directory
Classifies Web
pages in an
organized set of
categories

31. THE WORLD WIDE WEB
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32. THE WORLD WIDE WEB
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A search engine is helpful in locating items such as:
Images Videos Audio News
Maps
People or
Businesses
Blogs

33. THE WORLD WIDE WEB
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34. THE WORLD WIDE WEB
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Multimedia refers to any application that combines text with:

35. test
1- WWW abbreviation of……………..
A) World Wide Web B) World Word Web C) World Web Word
2- All the following are examples of web browsers except ……………
A) Internet explorer B) Firefox C) yahoo D) Google Chrome
3- Set of rules used for transferring files on the World Wide Web ………….
A) HTTP B) ISP C) FTP D) DNS
4- An internet tool that allows you to quickly find information on the web………..
A) Online Help B) Find Wizard C) Search Engine

36. 5- A clickable item in a web page that connects to another web page ……..
A) URL B) Hyperlink C) Firewall D) Web Browser
6- The part of the URL (http://www.google.com) underlined is………..
A) Protocol B) Domain name C) firewall D)URL
7- Software protects your computer from hackers ……….
A) URL B) Hyperlink C) Firewall D) Web Browser
8- The set of rules used to create connection between computers on the
internet is………
A) HTTP B) TCP C) FTP D) DNS
9- The part of the URL (http://www.google.com) underlined is………..
A) Protocol B) Domain name C) firewall D) URL
99- Set of rules used to transfer web pages to a host server on the internet
A) HTTP B) ISP C) FTP D) DNS
11- ………….. is a software allow you to view web pages
A) URL B) Hyperlink C) Firewall D) Web Browser

37. True or False (mark A for true , and B for false )
1- DNS is the set of rules used for transferring files on the World Wide Web. B
2- Search Engine is an internet tool that allows you to quickly find information
on the web. A
3- Hyperlink is a clickable item in a web page that connects to another Web
Page. A
4- The part of the URL (http://www.google.com) underlined is a Domain Name.
A
5- Software protects your computer from hackers is a Web Browser. B
6- FTP is the set of rules used to transfer web pages to a host server on the
internet. B
7- Firewall is a software allow you to view Web Pages B
8- WWW abbreviation of World Wide Web. A
9- The part of the URL (http://www.google.com) underlined is Protocol. A
10- The global address of any website on the internet is URL A