The language of anatomy.pdf

This slide covers the terminologies of anatomy

1. The Language of Anatomy
GIDEON ROBERT UNIVERSITY
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
NSWANA CHING’AMBU

2. •Know
•Orientation & directional terms
•Body landmarks
•Body planes & sections
•Body cavities
•Abdominopelvic regions
•Abdominopelvic quadrants
Introduction

3. •Special terminology is used to prevent
misunderstanding
•Exact terms are used for:
•Position
•Direction
•Regions
•Structures
Introduction

4. •Anatomicalposition
•Standing erect
•Feet parallel
•Arms hanging at the sides
•Palms facing forward
•Anatomical position –body is erect with the feet parallel
and the arms hanging at the sides with the palms facing
forward
•It’s important to note throughout this course
•Most terminology refers to this position regardless of the position
the body happens to be in at the time
Introduction

5. Orientation and Directional Terms
Table 1.1

6. Orientation and Directional Terms

7. •There are many visible landmarks on the surface
of the body:
•Anterior body landmarks
•Posterior body landmarks
Regional Terms

8. BodyLandmarks
•Anterior

9. Body Landmarks
•Posterior

10. •A section is a cut made along a plane
•Sagittal
•Cutmade along the lengthwise or vertical plane of the body
dividing it into left and right parts
•Midsagittal(median) plane
•Rightand left parts are of equal size
•Frontal(coronal) plane
•Cutmade along a lengthwise (vertical) plane that divides the
body into anterior and posterior parts
•Transverseplane(crosssection)
•Cutmade along a horizontal plane dividing the body or organ into
superior and inferior parts
Body Planes & Sections

11. Body Planes

12. •There are two sets of internal body
cavities called the dorsaland ventral
body cavities.
•These cavities are closedto the outside
1.Dorsal Body Cavity
•Protectsthe fragile nervous system
organs
•Has two subdivisions; the cranial cavity,
in the skull, encases the brainand the
vertebral, or spinal, cavity, which runs
within the bony vertebral column,
encloses the delicate spinal cord
•The cranial and spinal cavities are
continuous with one another
Body Cavities

13. 2.Ventral Body Cavity
•The more anterior and larger of the closed
body cavities
•It has twomajor subdivisions, thoracic and
abdominopelvic cavities
•It houses internal organs collectively called
the viscera
•They are separated by diaphragm, a dome-
shaped muscle important in breathing
•The abdominopelvic cavity, as its name
suggests, has two parts not physically
separated by a muscular or membrane wall
•The inferior part, pelvic cavity, lies in the
bony pelvis
Body Cavities

14. Abdominopelvic
Major Organs

15. •Because the abdominopelvic cavity is largeand contains several
organs, it helps to divide it into smaller areas for study
•One division methodused primarily by anatomists, uses two
transverse and two parasagittal planes. These planes, divide the
cavity into nine regions
1.Epigastricregion-located superior to the umbilical region (epi = upon,
above; gastri= belly)
2.Hypochondriacregions (right and left) -flank the epigastric region
laterally (chondro= cartilage)
3.Umbilicalregion-the centermost region deep to and surrounding the
umbilicus (navel)
4.Lumbarregions(right and left)-lie lateral to the umbilical region
(lumbus = loin)
5.Hypogastric(pubic) region-located inferior to the umbilical region
(hypo = below)
6.Inguinalor iliacregions(right and left) -located lateral to the
hypogastric region (iliac = superior part of the hip bone)
Abdominopelvic Regions

16. Abdominopelvic Regions

17. •A simpler scheme to localize the
abdominopelvic cavity organs is to
imagine one transverse and one
median sagittal plane pass through
theumbilicusat right angles
•Fourquadrantsare formed
1.Right upper quadrant (RUQ)
2.Left upper quadrant (LUQ)
3.Right lower quadrant (RLQ)
4.Left lower quadrant (LLQ)
Abdominopelvic Quadrants