The language of research kdndjfdndjxnddjc
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Sep 15, 2025
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About This Presentation
English 10
Slide Content
Group 1
Presentation
Body
The Language of Research, Campaigns, and Advocacies
Presentation
Body
The Language of Research, Campaigns, and Advocacies
Objectives:
Observe the language of research,
campaigns, and advocacies.
Know the differences of research,
campaigns, and advocacies from
each other.
Observe the language of research,
campaigns, and advocacies.
Know the differences of research,
campaigns, and advocacies from
each other.
What is
Research?
Systematic and scientific
way of investigating and
gathering info to answer
a problem, establish
facts, and reach
conclusion.
Research?
Systematic and scientific
way of investigating and
gathering info to answer
a problem, establish
facts, and reach
conclusion.
To conduct research properly, it is
important to understand:
Academic Writting
The types of research
The sources of data
The key research terminologies and methods
important to understand:
Academic Writting
The types of research
The sources of data
The key research terminologies and methods
academic Writting
The language of research
It follows strict rules and
characteristics
The language of research
It follows strict rules and
characteristics
Features of
Academic Writing Body
Academic Writing Body
1. Linear – one central point or theme, with all parts supporting
the main argument.
the main argument.
1. Linear – one central point or theme, with all parts supporting
the main argument.
Example of Linearity:
Thesis: Climate change affects agriculture.
Supporting point 1: Rising temperatures reduce crop yield.
Supporting point 2: Unpredictable rainfall affects planting
cycles.
Supporting point 3: Extreme weather damages harvests.
the main argument.
Example of Linearity:
Thesis: Climate change affects agriculture.
Supporting point 1: Rising temperatures reduce crop yield.
Supporting point 2: Unpredictable rainfall affects planting
cycles.
Supporting point 3: Extreme weather damages harvests.
2. Complexity – written language have longer words, denser
vocabulary, and more variety than spoken language.
vocabulary, and more variety than spoken language.
2. Complexity – written language have longer words, denser
vocabulary, and more variety than spoken language.
Example of Complexity:
Spoken: “Because jobs are harder now, training takes longer.”
Written: “The increased complexity of occupational tasks
necessitates an extended duration of training programs.”
vocabulary, and more variety than spoken language.
Example of Complexity:
Spoken: “Because jobs are harder now, training takes longer.”
Written: “The increased complexity of occupational tasks
necessitates an extended duration of training programs.”
3. Formality – Academic Writing is relatively formal. That is why
avoid using slangs, contractions, colloquial word and
expressions, abbreviations, two words verbs, asking questions
and casual tone.
avoid using slangs, contractions, colloquial word and
expressions, abbreviations, two words verbs, asking questions
and casual tone.
3. Formality – Academic Writing is relatively formal. That is why
avoid using slangs, contractions, colloquial word and
expressions, abbreviations, two words verbs, asking questions
and casual tone.
Example of Formality:
Informal: “A lot of kids don’t like too much homework.”
Formal: “Many students express dissatisfaction with excessive
academic assignments.”
avoid using slangs, contractions, colloquial word and
expressions, abbreviations, two words verbs, asking questions
and casual tone.
Example of Formality:
Informal: “A lot of kids don’t like too much homework.”
Formal: “Many students express dissatisfaction with excessive
academic assignments.”
4. Precision – uses exact facts, figures, dates, and data instead
of vague words.
of vague words.
4. Precision – uses exact facts, figures, dates, and data instead
of vague words.
Example of Precision:
Vague: “A lot of people got sick during the pandemic.”
Precise: “In 2020, approximately 4.5 million people were infected
with COVID-19 in Southeast Asia.”
of vague words.
Example of Precision:
Vague: “A lot of people got sick during the pandemic.”
Precise: “In 2020, approximately 4.5 million people were infected
with COVID-19 in Southeast Asia.”
5. Objectivity – focuses on facts and arguments rather than
personal opinions.
personal opinions.
5. Objectivity – focuses on facts and arguments rather than
personal opinions.
Example of Objectivity:
Subjective: “I think this research is interesting.”
Objective: “This research provides valuable insights into
adolescent behavior.”
personal opinions.
Example of Objectivity:
Subjective: “I think this research is interesting.”
Objective: “This research provides valuable insights into
adolescent behavior.”
6. Explicitness – makes relationships between ideas clear
through signal words (e.g., however, because, for example).
through signal words (e.g., however, because, for example).
6. Explicitness – makes relationships between ideas clear
through signal words (e.g., however, because, for example).
Example:
“The economy have improved the past 20 years. However,
unemployment rates remained high.”
through signal words (e.g., however, because, for example).
Example:
“The economy have improved the past 20 years. However,
unemployment rates remained high.”
7. Accuracy – correct use of terms and
vocabulary. You should avoid using misused
or awkward word choices.
vocabulary. You should avoid using misused
or awkward word choices.
The Six Common
Problems in Accuracy: Body
Problems in Accuracy: Body
1. Misused words
1. Misused words
The results was significant.
The results were significant.
The results was significant.
The results were significant.
1. Misused words
The results was significant.
The results were significant.
The results was significant.
The results were significant.
2. Words with unwanted connotations or
meanings
meanings
2. Words with unwanted connotations or
meanings
The students were encouraged to study
every night.
The students were brainwashed into
studying every night.
meanings
The students were encouraged to study
every night.
The students were brainwashed into
studying every night.
2. Words with unwanted connotations or
meanings
The students were encouraged to study
every night.
The students were brainwashed into
studying every night.
meanings
The students were encouraged to study
every night.
The students were brainwashed into
studying every night.
3. Complex words where a simpler term
would do
would do
3. Complex words where a simpler term
would do
The committee tried to improve the
situation.
The committee endeavored to ameliorate
the situation.
would do
The committee tried to improve the
situation.
The committee endeavored to ameliorate
the situation.
3. Complex words where a simpler term
would do
The committee tried to improve the
situation.
The committee endeavored to ameliorate
the situation.
would do
The committee tried to improve the
situation.
The committee endeavored to ameliorate
the situation.
4. Awkward word choices
4. Awkward word choices
The awareness of climate change by the
young people is rising.
Awareness of climate change among young
people is rising.
The awareness of climate change by the
young people is rising.
Awareness of climate change among young
people is rising.
4. Awkward word choices
The awareness of climate change by the
young people is rising.
Awareness of climate change among young
people is rising.
The awareness of climate change by the
young people is rising.
Awareness of climate change among young
people is rising.
5. Words that are similar but convey the
wrong meaning
wrong meaning
5. Words that are similar but convey the
wrong meaning
The experiment was affective in solving
the problem.
The experiment was effective in solving
the problem.
wrong meaning
The experiment was affective in solving
the problem.
The experiment was effective in solving
the problem.
5. Words that are similar but convey the
wrong meaning
The experiment was affective in solving
the problem.
The experiment was effective in solving
the problem.
wrong meaning
The experiment was affective in solving
the problem.
The experiment was effective in solving
the problem.
6. Words that convey finer shades of
meaning
meaning
6. Words that convey finer shades of
meaning
After the vaccine was developed, the
disease was shortly eradicated in the city.
After the vaccine was developed, the
disease was shortly controlled in the city.
meaning
After the vaccine was developed, the
disease was shortly eradicated in the city.
After the vaccine was developed, the
disease was shortly controlled in the city.
6. Words that convey finer shades of
meaning
After the vaccine was developed, the
disease was shortly eradicated in the city.
After the vaccine was developed, the
disease was shortly controlled in the city.
meaning
After the vaccine was developed, the
disease was shortly eradicated in the city.
After the vaccine was developed, the
disease was shortly controlled in the city.
(eradicated = completely gone;
controlled = managed but still
present)
controlled = managed but still
present)
8. Organization – logical structure
that flows from introduction to
conclusion. Choose your genre wisely
to determine your structure easily.
that flows from introduction to
conclusion. Choose your genre wisely
to determine your structure easily.
Example of organization:
8. Organization – logical structure
that flows from introduction to
conclusion. Choose your genre wisely
to determine your structure easily.
8. Organization – logical structure
that flows from introduction to
conclusion. Choose your genre wisely
to determine your structure easily.
9. Being Planned – carefully prepared after research
and evaluation, with a specific purpose.
and evaluation, with a specific purpose.
9. Being Planned – carefully prepared after research
and evaluation, with a specific purpose.
Example of Being Planned:
-You review existing studies
-Drafts an outline
-Collects supporting data before starting the actual
writing
and evaluation, with a specific purpose.
Example of Being Planned:
-You review existing studies
-Drafts an outline
-Collects supporting data before starting the actual
writing
Types of
Research
Body
Research
Body
Quantitative
Research
Focuses on numbers and
statistics.
Uses measurable data to
test theories and explain
relationships.
Research
Focuses on numbers and
statistics.
Uses measurable data to
test theories and explain
relationships.
Quantitative
Research
Focuses on numbers and
statistics.
Uses measurable data to
test theories and explain
relationships.
Answers questions such as:
How many? How often?
What is the relationship
between two variables?
Purpose: Identifies
patterns, proves or
disproves claims, and
supports predictions
Research
Focuses on numbers and
statistics.
Uses measurable data to
test theories and explain
relationships.
Answers questions such as:
How many? How often?
What is the relationship
between two variables?
Purpose: Identifies
patterns, proves or
disproves claims, and
supports predictions
Example:
A study on the number of
hours students spend on
social media compared to
their grades.
A study on the number of
hours students spend on
social media compared to
their grades.
Qualitative
Research
Focuses on meanings,
feelings, and experiences
rather than numbers.
Uses words, observations,
and interviews as data.
Research
Focuses on meanings,
feelings, and experiences
rather than numbers.
Uses words, observations,
and interviews as data.
Qualitative
Research
Focuses on meanings,
feelings, and experiences
rather than numbers.
Uses words, observations,
and interviews as data.
Purpose: Explains,
explores, and describes a
topic in detail.
Research
Focuses on meanings,
feelings, and experiences
rather than numbers.
Uses words, observations,
and interviews as data.
Purpose: Explains,
explores, and describes a
topic in detail.
Example:
Interviewing students
about their experiences
during online classes.
Interviewing students
about their experiences
during online classes.
Mixed Method Combines both
quantitative numbers and
qualitative descriptions.
Provides a more complete
and balanced
understanding of the
subject.
quantitative numbers and
qualitative descriptions.
Provides a more complete
and balanced
understanding of the
subject.
Mixed Method Purpose: Strengthens
findings by using both
numerical and descriptive
data.
Combines both
quantitative numbers and
qualitative descriptions.
Provides a more complete
and balanced
understanding of the
subject.
Example:
Conducting a survey to measure
study time (quantitative), then
interviewing students to understand
how social media affects their habits
(qualitative).
findings by using both
numerical and descriptive
data.
Combines both
quantitative numbers and
qualitative descriptions.
Provides a more complete
and balanced
understanding of the
subject.
Example:
Conducting a survey to measure
study time (quantitative), then
interviewing students to understand
how social media affects their habits
(qualitative).
Sources of data
Reliable data is the foundation of
effective research.
Data comes from two main sources:
primary sources and secondary
sources.
Reliable data is the foundation of
effective research.
Data comes from two main sources:
primary sources and secondary
sources.
Primary sources Provide first-hand, original
information.
information.
Primary sources Created during the event or directly
by the people involved.
by the people involved.
Primary sources
Importance: Offers authentic and
direct evidence.
Importance: Offers authentic and
direct evidence.
Primary sources
Examples: diaries, journals, interviews,
manuscripts, speeches, letters, raw
data, photographs, official records,
autobiographies, and creative works.
Examples: diaries, journals, interviews,
manuscripts, speeches, letters, raw
data, photographs, official records,
autobiographies, and creative works.
Secondary sources Provide second-hand information that
interprets or analyzes primary sources.
interprets or analyzes primary sources.
Secondary sources Produced after the event or by individuals
that are not directly involved.
that are not directly involved.
Secondary sources
Importance: Provides explanation,
interpretation, and background context.
Importance: Provides explanation,
interpretation, and background context.
Secondary sources
Examples: textbooks, encyclopedias,
biographies, political commentaries,
criticisms, dissertations, and news
articles summarizing past studies.
Examples: textbooks, encyclopedias,
biographies, political commentaries,
criticisms, dissertations, and news
articles summarizing past studies.
Key Research
Terminologies
Body
Terminologies
Body
Questionnaire
A tool or set of questions
used to gather
information; may include
checklists, open-ended
questions, or rating
scales.
A tool or set of questions
used to gather
information; may include
checklists, open-ended
questions, or rating
scales.
Thesis
Statement
A clear statement
expressing the main
claim or argument of the
research paper
Statement
A clear statement
expressing the main
claim or argument of the
research paper
hedging The use of words that
show uncertainty or
politeness (e.g., suggest,
believe, think, possibly).
show uncertainty or
politeness (e.g., suggest,
believe, think, possibly).
Cultural
Mapping A method that identifies
and promotes the
cultural resources and
assets of a region or
community.
Mapping A method that identifies
and promotes the
cultural resources and
assets of a region or
community.
Interviewing
A data collection process
through conversation,
where the researcher
seeks to gather
maximum information
from the respondent.
A data collection process
through conversation,
where the researcher
seeks to gather
maximum information
from the respondent.
APA (American
Psychological
Association) Style
A widely used format for
writing and citing sources
in academic research,
especially in the social
sciences.
Psychological
Association) Style
A widely used format for
writing and citing sources
in academic research,
especially in the social
sciences.
Literature
Review
A summary and analysis
of previous studies
related to the research
topic, providing context
and support.
Review
A summary and analysis
of previous studies
related to the research
topic, providing context
and support.
Plagiarism
The act of using someone
else’s work, words, or
ideas without proper
acknowledgment of the
original source.
The act of using someone
else’s work, words, or
ideas without proper
acknowledgment of the
original source.
IMRAD (Introduction,
Method, Results,
and Discussion)
A standardized structure
used in presenting
scientific research
papers.
Method, Results,
and Discussion)
A standardized structure
used in presenting
scientific research
papers.
Hypothesis
An assumption or
proposed explanation
that can be tested
through research and
evidence.
An assumption or
proposed explanation
that can be tested
through research and
evidence.
Body
Importance of Knowing
Types, Sources, and
Terminologies
Importance of Knowing
Types, Sources, and
Terminologies
Types of
Research:Helps the
researcher select
the appropriate
method.
quantitative:For numerical
data and patterns.
Research:Helps the
researcher select
the appropriate
method.
quantitative:For numerical
data and patterns.
Qualitative:For experiences
and insights. Mixed Method:For combining
both approaches.
and insights. Mixed Method:For combining
both approaches.
Sources of Data: Builds credibility
in research. Primary sources:Provide original
and direct
information.
in research. Primary sources:Provide original
and direct
information.
Provide
interpretation
and explanation. Terminologies:Ensure accuracy,
ethics, and
professionalism in
research. Secondary sources:
interpretation
and explanation. Terminologies:Ensure accuracy,
ethics, and
professionalism in
research. Secondary sources:
what is advocacy?
An umbrella term that is used to
change or to influence.
Any action on behalf of others.
A carefully planned process.
An umbrella term that is used to
change or to influence.
Any action on behalf of others.
A carefully planned process.
That is why Advocacy
seeks to: Let people speak out their
voices and be seen.
seeks to: Let people speak out their
voices and be seen.
That is why Advocacy
seeks to: Protect and promotes people's
right.
seeks to: Protect and promotes people's
right.
That is why Advocacy
seeks to: Enable people's to access
information, advice, and
guidance.
seeks to: Enable people's to access
information, advice, and
guidance.
Women's Aid is a
lifesaving federation of
frontline domestic abuse
services, supporting
women and children at
the most challenging
times of their lives.Example of advocacy:
lifesaving federation of
frontline domestic abuse
services, supporting
women and children at
the most challenging
times of their lives.Example of advocacy:
what is Campaign?
Planned project over a given period
of time to achieve specific advocacy
goals.
The process of advancing advocacy
(World Blind Union, 2015)
Planned project over a given period
of time to achieve specific advocacy
goals.
The process of advancing advocacy
(World Blind Union, 2015)
Deserve to be heard
campaign - Women's aid
which aimed to raise awareness of
the devastating impact of
domestic abuse on the mental
health of women and their
children.
Example of campaign:
campaign - Women's aid
which aimed to raise awareness of
the devastating impact of
domestic abuse on the mental
health of women and their
children.
Example of campaign:
Body
Language of campaign
and advocacy
Language of campaign
and advocacy
clear Concise
Easy to understand and
remember for any
audience.
Direct and to the point
without unnecessary
insertions that may
distract audiences from
the main points.
Easy to understand and
remember for any
audience.
Direct and to the point
without unnecessary
insertions that may
distract audiences from
the main points.
CREDIBLE COMPELLING
The messages are
backed by proof points
and incorporate
supporting details to
strengthen the key
points.
Catches your
audience's attention
and inspires them to
take applicable action.
The messages are
backed by proof points
and incorporate
supporting details to
strengthen the key
points.
Catches your
audience's attention
and inspires them to
take applicable action.
CONSISTENT
Repeatable and flexible
enough to be
incorporated into
varying
communications
channels again and
again.
Repeatable and flexible
enough to be
incorporated into
varying
communications
channels again and
again.
what is persuasion?
This is used in Research, Advocacy, and
Campaign.
Convincing others to change their point
of view, purchase a product or services,
or to make an action.
This is used in Research, Advocacy, and
Campaign.
Convincing others to change their point
of view, purchase a product or services,
or to make an action.
Persuasive Writing This is when you apply
persuasion into writing.
persuasion into writing.
Features of
Persuasive
Writing
Body
Persuasive
Writing
Body
Emotive Language
Use of words that evoke
emotions and make
people feel in a certain
way.
Headlines in newspaper or
when delivering speeches.
Use of words that evoke
emotions and make
people feel in a certain
way.
Headlines in newspaper or
when delivering speeches.
Emotive Language
EXAMPLE:
Use of words that evoke
emotions and make
people feel in a certain
way.
Headlines in newspaper or
when delivering speeches.
The defenseless victims
were attacked in the cover
of night
The victims were attacked
during the night
EXAMPLE:
Use of words that evoke
emotions and make
people feel in a certain
way.
Headlines in newspaper or
when delivering speeches.
The defenseless victims
were attacked in the cover
of night
The victims were attacked
during the night
Modal Verbs
Expresses modality or how
likely something is gonna
happen.
Adjust the level of
certainty of events to suit
the arguments.
Expresses modality or how
likely something is gonna
happen.
Adjust the level of
certainty of events to suit
the arguments.
Modal Verbs
EXAMPLE:
Expresses modality or how
likely something is gonna
happen.
Adjust the level of
certainty of events to suit
the arguments.
May, Might, Will,
Must, Shall, Can,
Could, Would,
Ought to
EXAMPLE:
Expresses modality or how
likely something is gonna
happen.
Adjust the level of
certainty of events to suit
the arguments.
May, Might, Will,
Must, Shall, Can,
Could, Would,
Ought to
Involving the
Reader
Use of personal pronouns
like you, your, we, our, and
indicative words like
together.
Reader
Use of personal pronouns
like you, your, we, our, and
indicative words like
together.
Involving the
Reader
EXAMPLE:
Use of personal pronouns
like you, your, we, our, and
indicative words like
together.
If your vote can be
priced, then you
are part of this
nation's corruption.
Reader
EXAMPLE:
Use of personal pronouns
like you, your, we, our, and
indicative words like
together.
If your vote can be
priced, then you
are part of this
nation's corruption.
Rhetorical
Questions
Questions that are not
supposed to be answered
Effect, Illustrate, Point,
Think.
Questions
Questions that are not
supposed to be answered
Effect, Illustrate, Point,
Think.
Rhetorical
Questions
EXAMPLE:
Questions that are not
supposed to be answered
Effect, Illustrate, Point,
Think.
Can you believe
this?
Are you kidding
me?
If not us, who?
Who wouldn't want
to be a billionaire?
Questions
EXAMPLE:
Questions that are not
supposed to be answered
Effect, Illustrate, Point,
Think.
Can you believe
this?
Are you kidding
me?
If not us, who?
Who wouldn't want
to be a billionaire?
Using Evidence
Use of Facts, Figures,
Quotes from experts to
highlight authority and to
make arguments more
convincing.
Use of Facts, Figures,
Quotes from experts to
highlight authority and to
make arguments more
convincing.
Using Evidence
EXAMPLE:
Use of Facts, Figures,
Quotes from experts to
highlight authority and to
make arguments more
convincing.
According to DOH,
there are confirmed
cases of COVID-19 in
the Philippines as of
2030 which is
estimated to be
256,747 to 289,378.
EXAMPLE:
Use of Facts, Figures,
Quotes from experts to
highlight authority and to
make arguments more
convincing.
According to DOH,
there are confirmed
cases of COVID-19 in
the Philippines as of
2030 which is
estimated to be
256,747 to 289,378.
Repetition
Repeating keywords,
phrases, or ideas to
appeal to the
readers.
Repeating keywords,
phrases, or ideas to
appeal to the
readers.
Repetition
EXAMPLE:
Repeating keywords,
phrases, or ideas to
appeal to the
readers.Fear leads to
anger, anger leads
to hate.
Run, run, run as
fast as you can.
Don't waste your
time on something
not worth wasting.
EXAMPLE:
Repeating keywords,
phrases, or ideas to
appeal to the
readers.Fear leads to
anger, anger leads
to hate.
Run, run, run as
fast as you can.
Don't waste your
time on something
not worth wasting.
Adjectives and
Adverb Carefully selected
adjectives and
adverb can influence
the readers feelings.
Adverb Carefully selected
adjectives and
adverb can influence
the readers feelings.
Adjectives and
Adverb EXAMPLE:
Carefully selected
adjectives and
adverb can influence
the readers feelings.
Big, small,
poor and rich.
Quickly,
happily, very,
and fast
Adverb EXAMPLE:
Carefully selected
adjectives and
adverb can influence
the readers feelings.
Big, small,
poor and rich.
Quickly,
happily, very,
and fast
Association Link an object or idea
with something that
the target audience
liked or desired.
with something that
the target audience
liked or desired.
Association EXAMPLE:
Link an object or idea
with something that
the target audience
liked or desired.
Cheer for the
Dragons. Cheer
Curv Albia,
Dodgeball
Captain
Link an object or idea
with something that
the target audience
liked or desired.
Cheer for the
Dragons. Cheer
Curv Albia,
Dodgeball
Captain
Bandwagon Makes the audience
believes that
everyone is doing it
or likes it.
believes that
everyone is doing it
or likes it.
Bandwagon EXAMPLE:
Makes the audience
believes that
everyone is doing it
or likes it.
You are gonna
buy a product
because it is
popular in social
media.
Makes the audience
believes that
everyone is doing it
or likes it.
You are gonna
buy a product
because it is
popular in social
media.
Experts Relying on expert
advice from trusted
people like doctor,
scientist, and other
professionals.
advice from trusted
people like doctor,
scientist, and other
professionals.
Experts EXAMPLE:
Relying on expert
advice from trusted
people like doctor,
scientist, and other
professionals.
According to
WHO....
The DOH
reported that....
The statistics
of NASA said
that....
Relying on expert
advice from trusted
people like doctor,
scientist, and other
professionals.
According to
WHO....
The DOH
reported that....
The statistics
of NASA said
that....
Score RequirementsRubrics Concept Design Organization Timeliness
The concept must
be related to a
campaign about a
social issue
The design must use
colors and look
decent to the eye
The content must be
properly organized
It must be passed on
the given deadlineSloster Rubric
The concept must
be related to a
campaign about a
social issue
The design must use
colors and look
decent to the eye
The content must be
properly organized
It must be passed on
the given deadlineSloster Rubric
Thank you for
listening!
listening!
MembersAmbag, Aiman
Castro, Christiana
Jacinto, Jan Jacob
Dizon, Matthew
Policarpio, Raiven
Fernandez, Xyianayah
Castro, Christiana
Jacinto, Jan Jacob
Dizon, Matthew
Policarpio, Raiven
Fernandez, Xyianayah
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