the Lausanne agreement and nation state .pptx

the Lausanne agreement and nation state .pptx

1. Treaty of Lausanne

2. Outline Introduction Key Provisions of tryEaty Conclusion References

3. Supervisor Dr.Faraidun salih by: Sharo Abubakr Tofeq

4. Introduction The Treaty of Lausanne, signed on July 24, 1923, ended hostilities between Turkey and the Allied powers after World War I. Replacing the rejected Treaty of Sèvres , it recognized Turkey’s sovereignty, defined its modern borders, and marked a significant milestone in Turkey’s fight for national independence under Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.

5. Key Provisions of treaty 1.key provisions of the treaty: The Treaty of Lausanne (1923) defined Turkey’s borders, ceded Middle Eastern territories to Western powers, and resolved disputes over key regions. It mandated a population exchange between Greece and Turkey, guaranteed minority rights, addressed Ottoman debts, and restored Turkey’s economic sovereignty.

6. 2.Signing of the Treaty of Lausanne The Treaty of Lausanne (1923) favored Turkey, reversing losses from the Treaty of Sèvres through Mustafa Kemal Atatürk’s efforts. While it pledged minority rights, Kurdish rights were excluded, and advocacy for them was suppressed, revealing global hypocrisy on freedom and democracy.

7. Conclusion The Treaty of Lausanne symbolizes Turkey’s triumph in securing sovereignty and independence, replacing the inequities of the Treaty of Sèvres . While its legacy is marked by both successes and unresolved issues, it remains a testament to resilience and diplomacy, shaping modern Turkey and influencing Middle Eastern dynamics to this day.

8. References Zürcher , E. J. ( 2004 ). Turkey: A Modern History. I.B. Tauris. Mango, A. (1999). Ataturk: ​​The Biography of the Founder of Modern Turkey. Overlook Press. Yapp , M. E. ( 1991 ). The Making of the Modern Near East 1792–1923. Longman. Treaty of Lausanne, 1923. Available at Avalon Project - Yale University.

9. Thank you