The Life and Works of Rizal (Lessons 1 - 8)

This presentation showcases the Life and works of Rizal.

1. The Study of Rizal
Course: Reverence
without Understanding

2. Objectives:
1. Understand the concepts about:
•Rizal being a human and a hero
•The patriotic objectives of Rizal Law, and
•Rizal’s ideas as a reply to the challenges of our
millennium.

3. For five minutes, reflect on this question and feel free
to share your insights on the question I will post on our
class. (Your answers will serve as your attendance for this
meeting)

WHY DO WE NEED TO STUDY THE
LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL?

4. “ Taking up Rizal course for credits, like reading Shakespeare to
get by in English courses, can be tiresome business for the
youth. If reading and discussing the texts cannot be fun but
boring. Rizal will be nothing more than a label for beds,
matches, cements, and corporations. “

Cristobal, Adrian
Redacting Rizal: 2004

5. Rizal: Human and Hero
• Reverence without understanding is for deities, not flesh and
blood heroes like Rizal. Hero-worship must be both historical-
critical.” (Ocampo: 1969)
• We must view Rizal as an evolving personality within an
evolving historical period.
• Rizal was capable of unraveling the myths that were woven
by the oppressors of his time, but he would have been at a loss
to see through the more sophisticated myths and recognize
the subtle techniques of present-day colonialist, given the
state of his knowledge and experience at that time.

6. Rizal: Human and Hero
•Many of his social criticisms are still valid today because
certain aspect of out life is still carry-over of the feudal and
colonial society of his time.
•To be able to appreciate a hero for that matter, we must be
able to learn more about him – not merely his acts but the
thoughts behind his acts, his reasons, the situation he found
himself in as well as his motivations.
•“If Rizal is treated like God, he becomes unattainable and his
accomplishments inhuman.” (Cristobal, 2004)

7. The Patriotic Objectives of Rizal Law
Republic Act 1425, commonly known as the Rizal Law and
authored by Senator Claro M. Recto, was signed by the president
of June 12, 1956. The passing of the Rizal Law gave rise to the
implementation of the Rizal course as a requirement for
graduation in all non-degree and degree courses in the tertiary
education. It requires the curricula of private and public schools,
colleges and universities to include courses on the life, works and
writings of Jose Rizal, particularly his novels Noli me Tangere
and El Filibusterismo. According to the Official Gazette, the law
was made effective on August 16, 1956.

8. Particularly the Rizal Law aims to:
a. recognize the relevance of Rizal’s ideals, thoughts,
teachings and life-values to present conditions in the community
and the country and apply them in the solution to day-to-day
situations and problems of contemporary life.
b. develop an understanding and appreciation of the
qualities, behavior, and character of Rizal, as well as his thoughts
and ideas, and thus foster the development of moral character,
personal discipline, citizenship, and vocational efficiency.
c. comply with the patriotic objectives of the Rizal Law given
by the late Senator Jose P. Laurel

9. Rizal: An example of Sacrifice
•Our national hero was a man of peace with a vision.
•Rizal suffered as much as his countrymen.
•He was the spark that gave birth to Philippine pride for one’s
country and people.
•Yet all he wanted for his people was that they educate
themselves so that they could stand as free men and face the
world with head held high.

10. “Whatever our condition might be then, let us love our country
always and let us wish nothing but her welfare. Thus we shall
labor in conformity with the purpose of humanity dictated by
God which is the harmony and universal peace of His creations.”

- Letter of Rizal to Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt

11. •According to Nick Joaquin, Rizal was greatly aggrieved by his
physique.
•It is his feelings of inadequacy that made him dynamic and he
continually looked for ways to be better than others.
•Rizal's determination to excel in as many fields as possible was to
show the world that he was capable, that he was as tall as the next
man.
•“There is a need for a rededication to the ideals of freedom and
nationalism for our heroes who lived and died.”
• From a weak, frail child, Jose Rizal rose to become one of the
tallest men in history.
Rizal: A Modern Day Hero

12. Jose Rizal’s Geneology


Genealogy – study of ancestry and family histories. An expert in this field is
called genealogist.

13. BIRTH OF A HERO
•He was born on June 19, 1861, between eleven and twelve in the
evening in Calamba, Laguna.
•Rizal was baptized by Fr. Rufino Collantes on June 22, 1861, while
Fr. Pedro Casanas stood as Rizal’s godfather.
•The delivery was exceedingly difficult and the mother almost died.
Her seemingly miraculous survival was attributed to Our Lady of
Peace and Good Voyage.
•He was named “Jose” by his pious mother, in honor of St. Joseph.
•His full name is Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonzo Realonda.

14. One of Rizal’s most
famous photos Rizal as a young man
The 11-year old Rizal

15. CHINESE ANCESTRY
•Rizal’s paternal ancestor, Domingo Lam-Co, was a native of the Chinchew
district in China.
•He was baptized in the Parian Church of San Gabriel on a Sunday in June
1697.
•Siang-co and Zun-nio was the name of his parents.
•Lam Co took the name Domingo, the Spanish term for Sunday.
•He was married to Inez dela Rosa, who was half of his age.
•Her father was Agustin Chinco, also a Chinese chinchew and married to
Jacinta Rafaela, a Chinese meztiso in Parian.
•They have six children named Magdalena Vergara, Josepha, Cristoval de la
Trinidad, Juan Batista, Francisco Hong-Sun, Inez dela Rosa.

16. PATERNAL SIDE
•Domingo Lamco
Rizal’s great-great-grandfather, a Chinese immigrant from
Chiangchow who arrived in Manila in about 1690 who married
Ines dela Rosa. They took the surname “Mercado” in 1731.
•Francisco Mercado
–Son of Domingo and Ines
–Rizal’s great-grandfather
–Married Cirila Bernacha
–Resided in Biñan, Laguna
–Was elected gobernadorcillo of Biñan

17. PATERNAL SIDE
•Juan Mercado
–Son of Francisco and Cirila
–Rizal’s grandfather
–Married Cirila Alejandro
–Was also elected gobernadorcillo of Biñan
–Had thirteen children
•Francisco Mercado
–Youngest son of Juan and Cirila
–Rizal’s father
–Lost his father at the age of 8
–Married Teodora
–Settled in Calamba, Laguna
–Engaged in farming and business

18. MATERNAL SIDE
•Lakandula
–last king of Tondo
•Eugenio Ursua
–Teodora’s great-grandfather and was of Japanese ancestry
–Married to Benigna (a Filipina)
•Regina Ursua
–Daughter of Eugenio and Benigna who married Atty. Manuel de Quintos
•Brigida de Quintos
–Daughter of Regina and Atty. Quintos who married Alberto Alonso and
had five children

20. Francisco Mercado Rizal
•Youngest son of Juan and Cirila
•Rizal’s father
•Born on May 11, 1818
•Lost his father at the age of 8
•Married Teodora
•Settled in Calamba, Laguna
•Died on January 5, 1898 at the age
of 80

21. Teodora Alonzo Realonda
•Rizal’s mother
•Born on November 8, 1826
•Studied at the College of Santa Rosa
•Died on August 16, 1911 at the age of 84
•One of the most highly educated women
in the Philippines.
•A gifted woman with insights into
literature, arts, music, and other forms of
Philippine culture.
•A fine mathematician, gourmet cook,
interior decorator, and collector of fine
books.

22. Saturnina (1850 – 1913) “Neneng”
•Eldest of the Rizal children and
married to Manuel Timoteo
Hidalgo of Tanauan, Batangas.
•Have 5 children.
•She published Pascual H. Poblete’s
translation of the Noli Me Tangere

23. Paciano (1851 – 1930)
•79 years old and was the oldest boy
in the family.
•He joined the revolutionary army
and rose to the rank of Major
General.
•He learned English through self-
study and his favorite periodical
was Philippine free Press.
•He was with Severina Decena

24. Narcisa (1852 – 1939) “Sisa”
•Married to Antonio Lopez, a
schoolmaster from Morong.
•It is said that Sisa could recite
from memory all the poems of
Rizal.
•Her son Leoncio, a physician and
professor at the College of
Medicine, UST.

25. Olympia (1855 – 1887) “Ypia”
•Married to Silvestre Ubaldo, a
telegraph operator in Manila.
•Died in 1887 from childbirth
•Her son Aristeo, a retired
physician and professor at the
Philippine General Hospital and
the College of Medicine, UP.

26. Lucia (1857 – 1919)
•Married to Mariano Herbosa of
Calamba, a farmer and nephew of Fr.
Pedro Casanas.
•Mariano died of cholera in 1889 and
was denied a Christian burial, because
he was a brother-in-law of Jose Rizal.
•One of the daughter Delfina who
helped Mrs. Marcela Agoncillo make
the first Filipino flag in Hongkong.

27. Maria (1859 – 1945) “Biang”
•Married Daniel Faustino Cruz of
Binan, Laguna.
•Mauricio was one of the children of
Maria and Faustino who killed by
the Japanese in 1945.
•Gemma Cruz, the first Filipina to
bring home an international
beauty title is a descendant family
of Rizal.

28. Jose (1861 – 1896) “Pepe”
•Second son and seventh child.
•He became the national hero.
•He married to Josephine Bracken,
a pretty Irish from Hongkong.

29. Josefa (1865 – 1945) “Panggoy”
•Epileptic
•Died a spinster


Concepcion (1862 – 1865) “Concha”

•She died at the age of three.

30. Trinidad (1868 – 1951) “Trining”
•She did not marry.
•The last of the family died at the
age of 83.

31. Soledad (1870 – 1929) “Choleng”
•She married to Pantaleon
Quintero of Calamba.
•She studied at La Concordia
College where she and Leonor
Rivera were classmates.
•One of the five children of Soledad
and Pantaleon is Amelia, married
to Bernabe Malvar, son of General
Miguel Malvar

32. The Royal Decree of 1849: The
Claveria List
•In 1731, Domingo Lamco adopted the surname “Mercado” (market).
•In 1849, Gov. Gen. Claveria ordered all Filipinos to adopt Spanish surnames.
•Francisco adopted the surname “Rizal” that was suggested by the provincial
governor, who was a family friend.
•The list of produced and approved family names can be referred from the “Catalogo
Alfabetico de Apellidos”.
The Rizal Surname
•Originally “Ricial”
•In Spanish, it means “green fields”
•Prophetic according to Leon Ma. Guerrero: “a field where wheat, cut while still in
green, sprouts again.”
•Only Jose used the surname Rizal until 1891

33. Jose Rizal’s
Childhood

34. Rizal’s Early Childhood Memories
•The first memory of Rizal, in his infancy, was his happy days in the
family garden.
•Because he was frail, sickly, and undersized child, he was given the
most tender care by his parents.
•His father built a nipa cottage in the garden for him to play in the
daytime.
•Another childhood memory was the daily Angelus prayer.
•By nightfall, Rizal related, his mother gathered all the children at the
house to pray the Angelus.
•With nostalgic feeling, he also remembered the happy moonlit nights
at the azotea after the rosary.

35. The Hero’s First Sorrow
•The Rizal children were bound together by the ties of love and
companionship. Their parents taught them to love one another, to behave
properly in front of elders, to be truthful and religious, and to help one
another.
•They affectionately called their father Tatay, and mother Nanay.
•Jose was jokingly called Ute by his brother and sisters. The people in
Calamba knew him as Pepe or Pepito.
•Of his sisters, Jose loved most little Concha (Concepcion). He was one year
older than Concha. He played with her, and from her, he learned the
sweetness of brotherly love. Unfortunately, Concha died of sickness in
1865 when he was 3 years old
•Jose, who was very fond of her, cried bitterly to lose her.

36. First Education from Mother
•Jose’s first teacher was his mother.
•At the age of 3, Jose learned the alphabet and prayers from her.
•Seeing Rizal had a talent for poetry, she encouraged him to write
poems. She gave her all her love and all that she learned in college.

37. The Story of the Moth
•Of the story told by Dona
Teodora to Jose, it was that of
the young moth made the
profoundest impression on
him.
•The tragic fate of the young
moth, which died a martyr to
its illusions, left a deep
impress on Rizal’s mind.

38. Rizal’s Three Uncles
•There were 3 uncles, brothers of his mother, who played a great part in
the early education of Rizal.
•Uncle Gregorio was a lover of books. He instilled into the mind of his
nephew a great love for books. He taught him to work hard, to think for
himself, and to observe life keenly.
•Uncle Jose, who had been educated at Calcutta, India, was the youngest
brother of Dona Teodora. He encouraged his nephew to paint, sketch,
and sculpture.
•Uncle Manuel was a big, strong, and husky man. He looked after the
physical training of his sickly and weak nephew. He encourage Rizal to
learn swimming, fencing, wrestling, and other sports, so that in later
years Rizal’s frail body acquired agility, endurance, and strength.

39. A Group of Sketches by Rizal

40. Artistic Talents
•Since early childhood Rizal revealed
his God-given talents for the arts.
•He drew sketches and pictures on his
books of his sisters, for which reason
he was scolded by his mother. He
carved figures of animals and persons
out of wood. Even before he learned
to read, he could already sketch
pictures of birds, flowers, fruits,
rivers, mountains, animals and
persons.

41. Artistic Talents
•He loved to ride on a spirited pony (
which his father bought for him) or take
long walks in the meadows for him) or
take long walks in the meadows and
lakeshore with his big black dog named
Usman.
•At one time, his sisters teased him: “Ute,
what are you doing with so many
statuettes?” He replied:
“ Don’t you know that people will erect
monument and statues in my honor for
the future?”

42. Rizal’s Early Writings
•In 1868, before he was eight years old, he wrote a Tagalog drama. This
drama was stages in Calamba in connection with the town fiesta.
•At an early age when children usually begin to learn ABC, he was already
writing poems.
•The first known poem that he wrote was a Tagalog poem entitled Sa Aking
Mga Kababata (To My Fellow Children).
•His mother was a strong influence upon his education and helped develop
his early interest in poetry, music, and European literature.
•Readings in Tagalog poetry and daily assignments in Philippine History by
his mother inculcated in him a sense of the Filipino culture.
•Rizal’s deep love for his mother was expressed in the poem “Mother’s
Birthday”

43. Hereditary Influence
•According to biological science there are inherent qualities which a
person inherits from ancestors and parents.
•From Malayan ancestors, Rizal evidently, inherited his love for
freedom, his innate desire to travel and his indomitable courage.
•From Spanish ancestors he got his elegance of bearing, sensitivity to
insult and gallantry to ladies.
•From his father he inherited a profound sense of self-respect, the love
for work and the habit of independent thinking.
•And from his mother his religious nature, the spirit of self-sacrifice and
the passion for arts and literature.

Influences on Hero’s Boyhood

44. Environmental Influence
•According to psychologist, environment as well as heredity affects
the nature of a person. It includes places, associates and events.
•The beautiful scenic of Calamba and the beautiful garden of the
Rizal family stimulated the inborn artistic and literary talents of
Jose Rizal.
•The religious atmosphere at his home fortified his religious
nature.
•His brother Paciano instilled in his mind the love for freedom
and justice.
•From sisters he learned to be courteous and kind to women.
•The fairy tales told by his aya awakened his interest in folklore
and legends.

45. •Father Leoncio Lopez a parish priest in Calamba fostered
Rizal’s love for scholarship and intellectual honesty.
•The sorrows in his family such as death of Concha in 1865
and the imprisonment of his mother in 187-74 contributed to
strengthen his character, enabling him to resist blows
adversity in later years.
•The Spanish abuses and cruelties which he witnessed in his
boyhood such as brutal acts if the lieutenant of the Guardia
Civil and the alcalde, the unjust tortures inflicted on innocent
Filipinos and the execution of Fathers Gomez, Burgos and
Zamora in 1872 awakened his spirit of patriotism and
inspired him to consecrate his life and talents to redeem his
oppressed people.

46. . “Hard times don’t create heroes. It is during the hard times
when the ‘hero’ within us is revealed”

-Bob Riley

- end -

47. Tragedies in Rizal’s
Young Life and Early
Education

48. Objectives:
1. Know and understand Rizal’s educational background,
tragedies and experiences and how it contributed for him
to become a hero.
2. Express critical judgment on the pending questions
about the educational background of Rizal.

49. Questions

1
2
3
4
What are the
tragedies of Rizal’s
young life?
Why Doña Teodora
was imprisoned?
How did the three
martyr priests
executed?
How did Doña
Teodora release from
imprisonment?

50. Fr. Jose Burgos
It was with a sad heart that Francisco Mercado finally
sent Jose off to school in Manila. The boy was now
eleven years of age. His brother Paciano was studying in
College of San Jose under its famous teacher Fr. Jose
Burgos, a noble and courageous Filipino priest. Here
Jose Rizal came face to face with another tragedy in his
young life. He found Paciano destructed over the
execution of the beloved Fr. Jose Burgos, who was
convicted of inciting mutinity, an insurrection or uprising
against civil, legal, or political authority.
Tragedies In
Rizal’s Young
Life
He was making preparations to depart when an injustice
occurred and threw a shadow across his happy young life.
His mother was thrown into a prison, accused of a crime of
which she was so whole incapable of doing that everybody
knew it was a pure fabrication. She was charged with
conspiracy with her brother, Alberto Realonda, to kill his
wife, who had separated from him.

51. Injustice To Hero’s Mother
Before June 1872 – Doña Teodora was
suddenly arrested on a malicious charge that
she and her brother, Jose Alberto, rried to
poison the latter’s perfidious wife

Antonio Vivencio del Rosario – Calamba’s
gobernadorcillo, help arrest Doña Teodora
After arresting Doña Teodora, the sadistic
Spanish lieutant forced her to walk from
calamaba to santa cruz, a distance of 50
kilometers
Messrs. Francisco de Marcaida and
Manuel Marzan – The most famous lawyers
of Manila that defend Doña Teodora
Teodora Alonso

1827
1913

52. The Imprisonment and
Release of Dona Teodora
During Jose’s two-year stay in Ateneo, his
mother was imprisoned in Sta. Cruz. Doña
Teodora allegedly conspired with her brother
Jose Alberto to poison his wife. Then she
was released for a reason that revealed more
plainly than ever how little justice existed
during that period. The Governor General,
Rafael Izquierdo, happened to be visiting
Calamba. Some little girls danced for his
entertainment. One of them was so pretty
and did her steps so charmingly that the
Governor General called her to his side and
said:

53. “What present can I give you, charming little
dancer?”
“Oh, please, Governor, “she answered,”release
my mother from prison.”
“Who is this little girl’s mother? Set her
free!”cried the Governor General.”

The pretty girl was Jose’s sister, Soledad. Her mother was at
once released and the case was dismissed without a trial.

54. On the night of January 20, 1872, some 200 Filipino and
Spanish mestizo workers and soldiers rose in mutinity in Cavite
because of the abolition of their usual privileges including
exemption from tribute and polo y servicio (forced labor) by the
Governor General Rafael De Izquierdo. Three priest were
implicated in the mutinity, tried, and sentenced to die on
February 17, 1872. They were Fr. Mariano Gomez, Fr. Jose
Burgos, and Fr. Jacinto Zamora. They were known as
Gomburza.
of
GOMBURZA
The
Execution

55. Fr.Jose Burgos
Gómez was born on August 2, 1799 in the suburb of
Santa Cruz, Manila. He was a Tornatrás, one born of mixed
Chinese and Spanish ancestries. His parents were
Francisco Gómez and Martina Guard. After studying in the
Colegio de San Juan de Letrán, he took theology in the
University of Santo Tomás. He was a student preparing for
the priesthood in the Seminary of Manila.
He was also the uncle of ilustrado nationalist and labor
leader Dominador Gomez.
Fr Mariano Gomez
Father Jose Burgos was one of the
three Gomburza priests executed by
Spanish authorities in the Philippines
after being accused of treason. He was
born in Vigan, Ilocos Sur, in 1837, and
was garroted on February 17, 1872, at
Fort Santiago in the middle of
Bagumbayan field (now Luneta Park).
Jacinto Zamora y del Rosario (14 August 1835
- 17 February 1872) was a Filipino secular
priest, part of the Gomburza trio who were
falsely accused of mutiny by the Spanish
colonial authorities in the Philippines in the
19th century. He was placed in a mock trial
and summarily executed in Manila along with
two other clergymen.
Fr. Jacinto Zamora

56. RIZAL’S EARLY EDUCATION
As Jose grew older, his parents employed private
tutors to give him lessons at home.
The first was Maestro Celestino and the second,
Maestro Lucas Padua. Later, an old man named
Leon Monroy, a former classmate of Rizal’s
father, became the boy’s tutor. This old teacher
lived at the Rizal home and instructed Jose in
Spanish and Latin. Unfortunately, he did not lived
long. He died five months later.
After a Monroy’s death, the hero’s parents
decided to send their gifted son to a private
school in Biñan.

57. Jose Goes to Biñan
One Sunday afternoon in June , 1869, Jose, after
kissing the hands of his parents and a tearful
parting from his sister, left Calamba for Biñan. He
was accompanied by Paciano , who acted as his
second father.
They proceeded to their aunt’s house, where Jose
was to lodge. It was almost night when they
arrived, and the moon was about to rise.
That same night, Jose, with his cousin named
Leandro, went sightseeing in the town. Instead of
enjoying the sights, Jose became depressed
because of homesickness.
"In the moonlight, I remembered my home town, my
idolized mother, and my solicitous sisters. Ah, how
sweet to me was Calamba, my own town, in spite of
the fact that was not as wealthy as Biñan."

58. First Day in Biñan School
The next morning (Monday) Paciano brought
his younger brother to the school of Maestro
Justiniano Aquino Cruz.
Paciano knew the teacher quite well because
he had been a pupil under him before. He
introduced Jose to the teacher, after which he
departed to return to Calamba. Immediately,
Jose was assigned his seat in the class. The
teacher asked him:

"Do you know Spanish?"
"A little, sir," replied the Calamba lad.
"Do you know Latin?"
"A little, sir."

59. First Day in Biñan School
The boys in the class, especially Pedro, the
teacher’s son laughed at Jose’s answers.
The teacher sharply stopped all noises and
begun the lessons of the day.
Jose described his teacher in Biñan as
follows:
"He was tall, thin, long-necked, with sharp nose
and a body slightly bent forward, and he used to
wear a sinamay shirt, woven by the skilled
hands of the women of Batangas. He knew by
the heart the grammars by Nebrija and Gainza.
Add to this severity that in my judgement was
exaggerated and you have a picture, perhaps
vague, that I have made of him, but I remember
only this."

60. First Day in Biñan School
In academic studies, Jose beat all
Biñan boys. He surpassed them all
in Spanish, Latin, and other
subjects.
Some of his older classmates were
jealous of his intellectual superiority.
They wickedly squealed to the
teacher whenever Jose had a fight
outside the school, and even told
lies to discredit him before the
teacher’s eyes. Consequently the
teacher had to punish Jose.

61. Rizal’s Formative years
in Ateneo and
Scholastic Records

62. RIZAL’S FORMATIVE YEARS IN ATENEO
AND SCHOLASTIC RECORDS

(1872 – 1877)

63. •The Jesuits were considered the best
educators of Spain and perhaps of
Europe, when they were permitted to
return to the Philippines, they had to
apply to the City of Manila for financial
support. That is why the college which
began to function in the year 1865, was
called the Ateneo Municipal.

•To enter the Ateneo a candidate was
subjected to an entrance examination on
Christian Doctrine, reading, writing,
grammar and elementary arithmetic.


NEED TO
KNOW

64. RIZAL’S
FORMATIVE
YEARS IN
ATENEO

• June 10, 1872 - Jose, was sent to manila
to study in Ateneo.


Ateneo de Municipal Escuela Pia


• The Charity School of Manila, founded in
1817 and later became Ateneo de Manila.
Before then, the City Government place it
in the supervision of the Spanish Jesuits.

65. RIZAL’S
FORMATIVE
YEARS IN
ATENEO

•Fr. Magin Fernando (Ferrando) – refused him
from his matriculation because:
oHe is late for registration
oHe appeared to be weak and sickly

• Manuel Xerez Burgos (nephew of Father
Burgos)

• Jose was the first to use the surname “Rizal”
because Mercado became under suspicion by the
Spanish authorities.

• He boarded in a house outside Intramuros on
Calle Carballo, district of Santa Cruz.

• Titay owner of the house where Rizal boarded to
settle the bill owed by Titay by about Php 300.00.

66. JESUIT
SYSTEM OF
EDUCATION
• The Jesuitical system of instruction was
considered more advanced than of other
colleges in that epoch. Its discipline was
rigid and its method less mechanical.

•In the first two terms the classes were
divided into groups of interns and externs:
oRoman Empire (Internos)
oCarthaginian Empire (Externos)






Each empires had its Ranks:
Emperor
Tribune
Decurion
Centurion
Standard Bearer

67. RIZAL’S
FIRST YEAR
IN ATENEO
• June 1872 – first day of class in Ateneo

•Fr. Jose Bech – Rizal’s first professor

Extern Emperor

• A religious picture – Rizal’s first prize for
being the brightest pupil in the whole class

•Santa Isabel College – where Rizal took his
Spanish lessons during recess and paid it for Php
3.00

• March 1873, Rizal returned to Calamba for
summer vacation. When the summer vacation
ended, Rizal returned to Manila for his 2
nd
year
term in Ateneo. He is moved at Dona Pepay
boarding house.

68. RIZAL’S
SECOND
YEAR IN
ATENEO

•He again become a emperor.

•He also received excellent grades in all
subjects and a gold medal.

• At March 1874, he returned to Calamba
for his vacation.

• At this point, Dona Teodora was released
in the jail after 3 months like what Rizal said.

•St. Joseph – Rizal was comparable
because of his interpretation about his
mother’s release.

69. TEENAGE
INTEREST IN
READING


•During the summer vacation in Calamba

• 1
st
favorite novel of Rizal “The Count of
Monte Cristo” by Alexander Dumas

• Cesar Cantu’s historical entitled
“Universal History”

• “Travels in the Philippines” by Dr.
Feodor Jagor, a german scirntist-
traveler

70. RIZAL’S
THIRD AND
FOURTH
YEAR IN
ATENEO

THIRD YEAR IN ATENEO
• He only got 1 medal in his Latin subject. March
1875, he returned to Calamba

FOURTH YEAR IN ATENEO
• June 16, 1875 – Rizal became an interno in Ateneo

• Fr. Francisco Sanchez – Rizal’s favorite teacher

• Rizal won 5 medals and topped in all subjects and
on March 1876, he returned to Calamba.

• Rizal became the pride of the Jesuits and he
obtained highest grades in all subjects. He received
the degree of Bachelor of Arts with highest
honors.

71. EXTRA
CURRICULA
R ACTIVITIES

• He was an emperor and campus leader
outside

•Secretary of the Marian Congregation

•Member of Academy of Spanish Sciences
and member of the Academy of Natural
Sciences

•Rizal studied painting at Agustin Saez and
sculpture under Romualdo De Jesus, a
filipino sculptor

• Engaged in gymnastics and fencing

72. EXTRA
CURRICULA
R ACTIVITIES
SCULPTURAL WORKS IN ATENEO
• The Virgin May – he carved an image with
Batikuling with his pocket knife

•Father Lleonart – requested Rizal to carved an
image of sacred heart of Jesus
POEMS MADE BY RIZAL IN ATENEO
• Mi Primera Inspiration – first poem
• Through Education Our Motherland Receives
Light
•To the Child
• To the Virgin Mary

DRAMATIC WORK IN ATENEO
• San Eustacio, Martir – he submitted the
manuscript to Fr. Sanchez in his last academic year
in Ateneo

74. The Enlightened
Tomasian

75. Big concept
Bring the attention of your audience over a key concept using icons or illustrations
29

76. Mother’s Opposition to Higher
Education
✣Her reason: If Rizal gets to learn more, the Spaniards will cut off his
head.
✣In contrary, Paciano and Don Francisco wanted Rizal to pursue College
Education
✣(The Bachelor of Arts degree during Spanish Period was equavalent to a
high school diploma today)

77. RIZAL ENROLLMENT AT UST
✣Philosophy and Letters during his freshman year (1877-
1878)
✣Why Philosophy and letters?
1.) Don Francisco liked it
2.) Uncertainty on what course to take up.

78. RIZAL ENTERS UNIVERSITY

•In April 1877, Rizal nearly 16 years of age, enrolled in the UST
taking course on Philosophy and Letters .
•Consequently, during his first-year term (1877-78) in UST, he
also studied Cosmology, Metaphysics, Theodicy, and History of
Philosophy.
•During the following term (1878-79) Rizal took up the medical
course. The reason why he chose medicine for a career was to be
able to cure his mother’s growing blindness.

79. FINISHES SURVEYING COURSE IN
ATENEO (1878)
•During his first term in UST (1877-78), Rizal also studied in Ateneo, taking
up vocational course which gave him the title of perito agrimensor (expert
surveyor ).
•Rizal excelled in all subjects in Ateneo, obtaining gold medals in agriculture
and topography.
•At the age of 17, he passed final examination in surveying course but
because he is below of age, the title couldn’t be granted at that time. The title
was then issued to him on November 25, 1881.
•Though Thomasian, due to his loyalty, he frequently visited Ateneo.
•Jesuit professors, unlike Dominicans, loved and inspired him to ascend
greater knowledge.

82. A B C
Yellow 10 20 7
Blue 30 15 10
Orange 5 24 16

83. VICTIM OF SPANISH BRUTALITY
When Rizal was a freshman medical at UST, he experienced his first taste
of Spanish brutality.
One dark night in 1878, he was walking in the street and perceived some
man passing him, but due to darkness he didn’t recognize the man and didn’t
salute nor say courteous ”Good Evening”. The man turned out to be a lieutenant
of Guardia Civil, he turned upon Rizal and whipped out his sword, brutally
slashing his back.
The wound was painful and lasted 2 weeks. Rizal reported the incident to
General Primo de Rivera ,the Spanish Governor General of the Philippines but
nothing came out of his complaint because he was an Indio and the abusive
lieutenant was a Spaniard.

84. OTHER LITERARY WORKS
•Rizal produced other poems and a zarzuela, entitled Junto al
Pasig (Beside the Pasig), staged by Atenean on December 8, 1880
for the annual celebration of the feast day of Immaculate
Concepcion, Patroness of Ateneo.
•In the same year (1880), he also wrote a sonnet entitled A
Filipinas for the Society of Sculptors.
•In December 8,1879, he composed a poem entitled Abd-el-Azis y
Mahoma.
•Later, in 1881, he composed a poem entitled Al M.R.P. Pablo
Ramon.

85. CHAMPION OF FILIPINO STUDENTS
•Rizal was the champion of the Filipino students in their frequent
fights against arrogant Spanish students, who insultingly call their
brown classmates, ”Indio, chongo!”. In retaliation, Filipinos call them
”Kastila, bagus!”. Hostility often exploded in angry street rumbles.
•Rizal participated in street brawls.
•In 1880, he founded a secret society of Filipino students in UST called
Compañerismo (Comradeship), members were called ”Companions of
Jehu”.
•Rizal was the chief of the secret society and his cousin from Batangas,
Galicano Apacible was the secretary.

86. UNHAPPY DAYS AT THE UST
•Rizal found the atmosphere at UST suffocating.
•He was unhappy at the Dominican institution for 3 reasons:
1.Dominican professors were hostile to him.
2.Filipinos were racially discriminated against by the Spaniards.
3.The method of instruction were obsolete and repressive.
•In his novel, El Filibusterismo, he described how Filipino
students were humiliated and insulted by Dominican professors
and how twisted the method of instruction was
•Rizal failed to win high scholastic honors due to the unfriendly
attitude of his professors.

87. DECISION TO STUDY ABROAD
•After finishing Rizal’s fourth year of medical course, he decided
to go to Spain because he could no longer endure the
discrimination and hostility in the UST.
•Rizal’s parents, Leonor, and the Spanish authorities have no idea
of his decision to go abroad to finish his medical studies in
Spain.
•He believed that professors in Spain were more liberal than of
those who’re in the UST.

88. UST AND ATENEO
✣UST was under the Dominicans, rival of the Jesuits in
education.
✣He remained loyal to Ateneo, participated in extracurricular
activities and completed a course in surveying in that same
school.
STUDENT ACTIVISM IN UST
✣Rizal displayed his leadership in student activism.
✣Indio/chongo vs kastila/bangus
✣Bitter hostility exist
✣Racial animosity

89. Extra-curricular activities in
Ateneo while Studying at UST:
✣President of the Academy of Spanish Literature
✣Secretary of the Academy of Natural Sciences
✣Secretay of the Main Congregation

90. Medical Studies at UST
✣Shifting from PHL and letters to Medicine.
✣Why did Rizal Shift to Medical course?
1.)Don Pablo Ramon, Ateneo Rector, advised him to choose
medicine
2.)Rizal wanted to cure his mother’s growing blindness

91. Reason Why Rizal didn’t Enjoyed his Stay
at UST
1.) Hostility of Dominican Professors to him
2.) Racial Discrimination against Filipino students.
3.) Dissatisfaction with the method of instruction
Reason Why Rizal Performed Poorly at UST
✣Medicine is not his vocation
✣Discontentment with the system of education
✣Distraction of youth

92. The universe doesn’t give you what you ask for with your
thoughts; it gives you what you demand with your actions.
- Steve Maraboli


-end-

93. Rizal’s Travels Abroad,
Memories and
Impressions

94. Objectives:
1. To gain knowledge about Rizal’s travels abroad and the
lessons he learned in each destination which could also be
used for self reflections.
2. To understand that Rizal did not just study outside the
country but it is also a journey to prepare himself for his
goal to free our country.

95. DECISION TO STUDY ABROAD
After finishing the 4
th
year of his medical course, Rizal decided
to study in Spain for the reason that he could no longer endure
the rampant bigotry, discrimination and hostility in the
University of Santo Tomas.
At the time, the government of Spain was a constitutional
monarchy under a written constitution which granted human
rights to the people, particularly freedom of speech, freedom of
the press, and freedom of assembly.

96. Rizal didn’t seek his parents’ permission and blessing to
go abroad because he will knew that they, especially his
mother, would disapprove it.
He had another reason, which was more important than
merely completing his study in Spain. This was his “secret
mission”, which many Rizalist biographers never mention
in their writings.

97. SECRET MISSION
This mission which Rizal conceived with the approval
of his older brother, Paciano, was to observe keenly
the life and culture, languages and customs,
industries and commerce, and governments and laws
of the European nations in order to prepare himself
in the mighty task of liberating his oppressed people
from Spanish tyranny.

98. This Rizalian secret mission was likewise disclosed by
Paciano in his letter to his younger brother dated
Manila, May 20, 1982.
It is said there that Rizal will finish the medical course in
Barcelona and not inn Madrid. The principal purpose of
the departure is not to finish the course but to study
other things of greater usefulness or that which you are
more inclined. So he think that he ought to study at
Madrid.

99. SINGAPORE
May 3, 1882- Rizal departed on
board the Spanish streamer
Salvadora bound for Singapore
Donato Lecha- the ship
captain from Asturias, Spain
befriended Rizal

100. SPANISH STEAMER SALVADORA
May 8, 1882- while the steamer was
approaching Singapore, Rizal saw a
beautiful island, fascinated by its scenic
beauty, he remembered “Talim Island
with the Susong Dalaga”
May 9, 1882- the Salvadora docked at
Singapore
Hotel de la Paz- Rizal registered here and
spent two days on a sightseeing soiree of
the city, which was a colony of England

101. COLOMBO, SRI LANKA
In Singapore, Rizal transferred to
another ship Djemnah, a French
steamer, which left Singapore for Europe
on May 11, 1882
Is the capital of Sri Lanka -Rizal was
enamoured by Colombo because of its
scenic beauty and elegant buildings -
“Colombo is more beautiful, smart and
elegant than Singapore, Point Galle and
Manila”

102. DJEMNAH, A FRENCH STEAMER
May 17, 1882- Djemnah reached
Point Galle, a seacoast town in
southern Ceylon (now Sri La
Aden- city hotter than Manila
-Rizal was amused to see the camels, for
the first time
City of Suez- the Red Sea terminal of
the Suez Canal
-Rizal was impressed in the beautiful
moonlight which reminded him of
Calamba and his family

103. NAPLES, ITALY
June 11, 1882- Rizal
reached Naples
-Rizal was pleased on
this Italian city
because of its
business activity, its
lively people, and its
panoramic beauty

104. MARSEILLES, FRANCE
Night of June 12, 1882- the steamer
docked at the French harbor of
Marseilles
Rizal visited the famous Chateau
d’If, where Dantes, hero of the Count
of Monte Cristo, was imprisoned
• Rizal stayed two and a half days in
Marseilles

105. June 15, 1882, when he left Marseille by the train for the
last lap of his trip to Spain. By the time he stopped for a
day at the frontier town of Port Bou, he noticed the
indifference accorded by the Spanish immigration
officers, in direct contrast with the courtesy of the
French immigration officers.
June 16, 1882, he finally reached his destination, --
Barcelona.

106. Rizal’s impression about Barcelona:
The greatest city of Cataluna and Spain’s second largest
city was unfavorable. He thought that it was ugly, with
dirty little inns and inhospitable residents.

Rizal’s impression about Barcelona:
Later, he changed his bad impression and came to like the
city. He found it to be a great city, with an atmosphere of
freedom and liberalism, and it’s people were open-hearted,
hospitable and courageous. He enjoyed the Las Ramblas–
famous street of Barcelona.

107. “AMOR PATRIO”
A nationalistic essay written by Rizal in Barcelona. It is
entitled “Love of Country” when translated and his first
article that was written on Spain’s soil. He sent this
article to Basilio Teodoro Moran, the publisher of
Diariong Tagalog (first bilingual newspaper) in Manila
and got published under his pen-name, “Laong Laan”
on August 20, 1882.

109. LEAVING BARCELONA
September 15, 1882, while sojourning in Barcelona,
Rizal received a letter from his brother Paciano saying
that the Calamba folks were having afternoon novenas
to San Roque and nocturnal processions and prayers
so that God may stop the dreadful epidemic, which the
Spanish health authorities were impotent to check.

110. LIFE IN MADRID
November 3, 1882, Rizal enrolled in the Universidad Central
de Madrid in two courses – Medicine and Philosophy and
Letters.
Aside from heavy studies, he studied painting and sculpture
in the Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando, took lessons
in French, German, and English under private instructors;
practiced fencing and shooting in the Hall of Arms of Sanz y
Carbonell. He visited the art galleries and museums and
reads books on all subjects.

111. Rizal led a Spartan life in Madrid. He rigidly budgeted
his money and time. He lived frugally, spending his
money on food, clothing, lodging, and books– never
wasting a peseta for gambling, wine and women.
LIFE IN MADRID
He spent his leisure time reading and writing at his
boarding house, attending the reunions of Filipino
students at the house of the Paterno brothers and
practicing fencing and shooting at the gymnasium.

112. After Rizal’s arrival in Madrid in 1882, he
joined the “Circulo Hispano-Filipino”
(Hispano-Philippine Circle) and wrote a
poem entitled “Me Piden Versos” (They Ask
Me For Verses) which he personally
declaimed during the New Year’s Eve
reception of the Madrid Filipinos held in
December 31. 1882.

113. RIZAL AS LOVER OF BOOKS
Reading is the favourite pastime of Rizal in
Madrid.
He has many collection of books.
Rizal was deeply affected by Beecher Stowe’s
Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Eugene Sue’s The
Wandering Jew. These two books aroused his
sympathy for the oppressed and unfortunate
people.

114. RIZAL’S FIRST VISIT TO PARIS
During his first summer vacation in Madrid, Rizal went
to Paris, sojourning in this gay capital of France from
June 17-August 20, 1883.
Rizal was mistaken by the Parisian as a Japanese. The
prices of food, drinks, theatre tickets, laundry, hotel
accomodations, and transportation were to hiigh to
pursue so he commented a letter to his family, “Paris is
the cosliest capital in Europe”.

115. Masonic Lodge (acacia)
March 1883
Rizal’s reason for becoming a mason was to secure
Freemasonry’s aid in his fight against the friars in the
Philippines.

RIZAL AS A MASON

116. Lodge Solidaridad (Madrid)

He became a master mason on November
15,1890 and was awarded the diploma as Master
Mason by “Le Grand Orient de France” in Paris
on February 15, 1892
“Science, Virtue and Labor”

117. After Rizal’s departure of Spain, things turned from
bad to worse in Calamba
Harvest of rice and sugarcane failed on account of
drought and locusts
The manager of the Dominican-owned hacienda
increased the rentals of the lands
A dreadful pest killed most of the turkeys

118. Due to hard times in Calamba, the monthly
allowances of Rizal in Madrid were late in arrival
and there were times when they never arrived
June 24, 1884 – a touching incident in Rizal’s life
in Madrid wherein he was broke and was unable
to take breakfast
Rizal attended his class at the university, participated
in the contest in Greek language and won a gold
medal

119. June 25, 1884 (evening) – a banquet was
sponsored by the Filipino community to
celebrate double victory of the Filipino artist in
the National Exposition of Fine Arts in Madrid:
•Luna’s SPOLARIUM
•Hidalgo’s CHRISTIAN VIRGINS EXPOSED TO
THE POPULACE

120. November 20, 21, 22, 1884 – the serene city of Madrid
exploded in bloody riots by the students of the
Central University
Dr. Miguel Morayta – history professor
“the freedom of science and the teacher”
Catholic bishops of Spain
The Rector – forced to resign; replaced by Doctor
Creus, “a very unpopular man, disliked by
everybody”

121. November 26, 1884 – Rizal wrote the recounting
tumultuous riots to his family

November 26, 1884 --- “my doctorate is not of very
much value to me... Because although it is useful to a
university professor, yet, I believe they (Dominicans)
will never appoint me as such in the College of Santo
Tomas. I say the same thing of philosophy and letters
which may serve also for a professorship, but I doubt if
the Dominican fathers will grant it to me.”

122. June 21, 1884 – Rizal completed his medical course in
Spain
Conferred the degree of Licentiate in Medicine by the
Universidad Central de Madrid

Academic year (1884-1885) – Doctor of Medicine (diploma
not awarded)

June 19,1885 – Rizal was awarded the degree of Licentiate
in Philosophy and Letters by the Universidad Central de
Madrid with the rating of “excellent” (sobresaliente)

123. Rizal’s Academic Record (UCM)
LICENTIATE IN MEDICINE AWARDED ON JUNE 21, 1884 WITH
THE RATING “FAIR”

DOCTORATE (1884-1885)
HISTORY OF MEDICAL SCIENCE FAIR
SURGICAL ANALYSIS GOOD
NORMAL HISTOLOGY EXCELLENT

DOCTOR OF MEDICINE (NOT AWARDED)

124. Rizal’s Academic Record (UCM)
1882-1883
UNIVERSAL HISTORY 1 VERY GOOD
GENERAL LITERATURE EXCELLENT
SPANISH LANGUAGE EXCELLENT (W/ SCHOLARSHIP)
ARABIC LANGUAGE EXCELLENT (W/ SCHOLARSHIP)
1883-1884
UNIVERSAL HISTORY 1 VERY GOOD
GENERAL LITERATURE EXCELLENT
1884-1885
UNIVERSAL HISTORY 2 EXCELLENT
GREEK AND LATIN LITERATURE EXCELLENT(W/PRIZE)
GREEK 1 EXCELLENT(W/PRIZE)

125. Rizal’s Academic Record (UCM)
1882-1883
UNIVERSAL HISTORY 1 VERY GOOD
GENERAL LITERATURE EXCELLENT
SPANISH LANGUAGE EXCELLENT (W/ SCHOLARSHIP)
ARABIC LANGUAGE EXCELLENT (W/ SCHOLARSHIP)
1883-1884
UNIVERSAL HISTORY 1 VERY GOOD
GENERAL LITERATURE EXCELLENT
1884-1885
UNIVERSAL HISTORY 2 EXCELLENT
GREEK AND LATIN LITERATURE EXCELLENT(W/PRIZE)
GREEK 1 EXCELLENT(W/PRIZE)

126. “You don’t want to look back and know you could’ve done
better.”
-Anonymous

-end-

127. Jose Rizal’s Romances

128. Objectives:
1. To know more about Rizal’s romances and appreciate his realizations in a
deeper sense.
2. To evaluate his ideals and principles when it comes to other matters other than
his studies.

129. 1877. First Love:
Segunda Katigbak

130. •Who she is: Segunda was the sister of Mariano Katigbak, Rizal's friend and classmate.
She studied in La Concordia College, where Rizal's sister Olympia also studied.

•How they met: Some say the two met in Trozo, Manila, while others say it was in Lipa,
Batangas. Given that Segunda studied in the same school as Rizal's sister, he did the
most logical thing: visit La Concordia College more frequently, ostensibly to see his
sister, but primarily to get a glimpse of the girl he described as having "eloquent eyes,
rosy cheeks, and a smile that reveals very beautiful teeth.”

•How it ended: The story goes that Rizal told Segunda that he was returning home to
Calamba for the New Year. He added that he might see her when her steamer docks at
Biñan and she passes through Calamba on her way to Lipa. He waited for her and he
did see her pass by on a carriage-in fact, she even waved to him-but instead of
following her, he chose to go home.

131. Jose Rizal & Segunda Katigbak
✣ Rizal wrote his Memorias de Un Estudiante where he
narrates his infatuation for her, sketching her
beautifully
✣In exchange Segunda giving him a white paper flower
which again, was asymbolic
✣The infatuation did not blossom into romance as she
was engaged to a tall man also from Lipa, Manuel Luz.

“Ended at an early hour, my first love! My virgin heart will
always mourn the reckless step it took on the flower-
decked abyss. My illusions return, yes, but indifferent,
uncertain, ready for the first betrayal on the path of love”.
Rizal wrote of his first love:

132. JACINTA IBARDA
LAZA
•A woman from Pakil, Laguna
•Fair with seductive and attractive
eyes.
•Also known as Miss L or “The
Professor”

133. AFFAIR AND CONNECTION TO RIZAL
•She was his tutor and the third love of Rizal
•Rizal gave Jacinta his full love and attention
for the reason to forget all the heart aches that
brought by Segunda.

134. BARRIER AND REASON OF THEIR
END
•The sweet memories of Segunda was still in
Jose’s heart.
•His father objected to the romance with Miss
L because she is his professor.

135. 1878. Second Love: Leonor
Valenzuela

136. •Who she is: Leonor or "Orang" was his neighbor when he stayed in Intramuros
while studying at the University of Sto. Tomas.

•How they met: Being neighbors gave Rizal plenty of opportunities to find some
reason to hang out with Orang whether or not there was an occasion for them to
meet up. He wrote love letters to her in invisible ink, and it's been speculated that
he did so to cover up his indiscretion, as he was also pursuing his next love,
Leonor Rivera, at the time.

•How it ended: Without tears or fanfare. Rizal may have been besotted with Orang,
but it's likely that Orang didn't feel the same way about him. She went on with her
life, entertaining other suitors, and not even shedding a tear when Rizal left the
country.

137. 1878-1890. Third Love:
Leonor Rivera

138. •Who she is: Leonor was the daughter of a cousin of Rizal's father, making her
Rizal's cousin and his childhood sweetheart.

•How they met: They met in Manila when Leonor was 13 years old, and even as
Rizal left for Europe two years later, the two kept up their correspondence, which
supposedly kept Rizal inspired during his studies.

•How it ended: Rizal’s letters to Leonor went unacknowledged for a whole year, as
Leonor married Henry Charles Kipping, an English railway engineer-but not
because she wanted to. Her mother preferred Kipping over Rizal, and to convince
Leonor to marry Kipping, she said Rizal was engaged to Ferdinand Blumentritt's
daughter.

139. AFFAIR AND CONNECTION TO RIZAL
•They were second or third cousin
•Childhood Sweetheart of Rizal
•They meet when Jose is in 2nd year in studying
medicine at University of Santo Thomas
•Rizal lived as boarder at the house of Leonor’s
father

140. AFFAIR AND CONNECTION TO RIZAL
•They meet in 1880 and got engaged in the same
year.
•They keep their loved secretly
•Used code name as Taimis
•They last 8 years or 11 years

141. BARRIER AND REASON OF THEIR
END
•The publication of Noli Me Tangere
•Rizal Father’s advise
•The unread letters of Jose
•Paciano and Jose’s accord
•The proposal and engagement in the British
Engineer Henry Kipping

142. 1884. Fourth Love:
Consuelo Ortiga Y Reyes

143. •Who she is: The most that can be dug up about Consuelo is that she was the daughter
of Don Pablo Ortiga, a former mayor of Manila.

•How they met: Consuelo wrote in her diary that she first met Rizal in Madrid on
September 16, 1882, and apparently they talked the whole night (always a promising
start to any relationship). Sources say she had a penchant for asking Rizal to write
her poems and verses, and he would happily comply. The most well-known of these is
entitled A La Señorita C.O. y R.

•How it ended: Circumstances happened. One of Rizal's compatriots, Eduardo de Lete,
apparently had his eye on Consuelo, which forced Rizal to back out of whatever
budding relationship he had with her. Also, he was still engaged to Leonor Rivera,
which he probably should have thought of before even considering starting
something with another woman.

144. 1888. Fifth Love:
O Sei-San

145. •Who she is: Seiko Usui, who Rizal called "O-Sei-San," worked at the Spanish Legation
in Tokyo. She was 23 years old when she met the 27-year-old Rizal.

•How they met: Rizal started working at the Spanish Legation in February 1888. Seiko
caught his eye one afternoon while she was walking in the garden, and Rizal found out
from a gardener who she was. Given that Seiko spoke both English and French, she
and Rizal managed to strike up a friendship and eventually a relationship, and she
taught him Japanese as well. Dates were spent exploring parks, shrines, and museums
such as the Imperial Art Gallery.

•How it ended: After a month-long relationship, Rizal had to leave for San Francisco in
April 1888.

146. 1886. Sixth Love:
Gertrude Beckett

147. •Who she is: Nicknamed "Gettie" by Rizal, Beckett was the daughter of Charles Beckett, who
was Rizal's landlord when he stayed in London, England in May 1888.

•How they met: After his stay in the US, Rizal headed to London and stayed in the boarding
house run by Charles Beckett. Gettie was apparently keen on Rizal, helping him with his
artwork. Supposedly, her assistance helped Rizal finish his works, namely, 'Prometheus
Bound', 'The Triumph of Death over Life,' and 'The Triumph of Science over Death.’

•How it ended: It's pretty safe to say that nothing really happened between them in the first
place, save for the crush Gettie had on "Pettie" (this was her nickname for Rizal). Some
sources say that it was only Gettie who wanted more out of their friendship, while others
say that Rizal got cold feet, which made him decide to leave London for Paris in March
1889, possibly in an effort to let Gettie down easy.

148. 1889. Seventh Love:
Suzanne Jacoby

149. •Who she is: Suzanne was a Belgian woman who was the niece of the landladies of the
boarding house where Rizal stayed in Brussels in February 1890.

•How they met: Someone keep Rizal away from boarding houses. His six-month stay in the city
saw him spending a lot of time with Suzanne, and they attended the city's summertime
festival together.

•How it ended: It seems that he just wasn’t into her. Rizal left her a box of chocolates, which
she didn't even open, possibly to keep as a memento. She wrote him two months later, telling
him about the unopened box of chocolates and urging him to hurry back. In another letter
she sent him, Suzanne wondered if Rizal even thought about her, and resigned herself to the
fact that she might not see him again. He ended up returning to Brussels in April 1891, but
only so he could keep working on El Filibusterismo.

150. 1891. Eighth Love:
Nellie Boustead

151. •Who she is: Nellie was the daughter of British businessman Eduardo Boustead and was half-
Filipina. She was also the fiancée of Antonio Luna.

•How they met: Rizal had been friends with her family, and he used to fence with Nellie and her sister
Adelina at Juan Luna's studio. In February 1891, Rizal stayed at the Villa Eliada, the Bousteads'
winter residence in Biarritz on the French Riviera. Apparently, it got to the point where Rizal
actually considered proposing to Nellie, although it might have been the rebound blues talking; at
the time, he had just learned that Leonor Rivera got married to someone else, which probably
prompted him to think, "Hey, you know what? I'm gonna get married too! That'll show her!”

•How it ended: Nellie wanted Rizal to convert to Protestantism, and her mother didn't approve of a
man who didn't have the capacity to give her daughter a good life. But it didn't end in tears, as the
two had a pretty amicable breakup and she even wished him well in a letter as he was about to leave
Europe.

152. 1895. Ninth Love:
Josephine Bracken

153. •Who she is: Born in Hong Kong to Irish parents, Josephine was the wife of Rizal; he
called her "dulce extranjera.“
•How they met: Josephine, together with her adoptive father George Taufer, sailed to the
Philippines and then to Dapitan to see Rizal, as Taufer's eyes required medical attention
and Rizal had already developed an impressive reputation as an eye specialist. Josephine
and Rizal eventually fell in love, although Rizal's sisters thought she was a spy for the
Spanish, and they lived together in Barangay Talisay in Dapitan. Their son Francisco
was stillborn.
•How it ended: After Rizal's death, Josephine returned to Hong Kong and lived with her
father. In 1900, she married Vicente Abad and they had a daughter named Dolores.
Josephine died of tuberculosis at the age of 25. Others say she actually returned to the
Philippines and lived in Cebu with her husband and taught English at various
institutions.

154. Since no priest would marry them, Rizal and Josephine held hands together and
married themselves before the eyes of God. They lived as man and wife in Dapitan.
Rizal and her fell in love and in a month made the announcement that they wanted to
get married. But just like the other Rizal great loves, this one was once again complicated.
No priest would marry the two, for reasons that are still unclear—but perhaps it was
because of Rizal’s status in politics. Without a legal paper, Rizal and Josephine lived
together, and had a son, who died a few hours after birth. Rizal named his son after his
father, Francisco.

155. “On this battlefield man has no better weapon than his intelligence, no other
force but his heart.”
-Dr. Jose Rizal
- end-

156. The Making of
Noli Me Tangere
(Published in Berlin (1887))
The bleak winter of 1886 in Berlin was Rizal’s
darkest winter because no money arrived from
Calamba and he was flat broke.

157. Objectives:
1. Appraise important characters in the novel, what they represent and
review the political ideologies in his novel Noli Me Tangere
2. Examine the present Philippine situation through the examples
mentioned in the Noli Me Tangere

158. •It brought him great
joy, after enduring
so much sufferings,
because his first
novel, Noli Me
Tangere, came off
the press in March
1887.

•Dr. Maximo Viola
loaned him the
needed funds to
publish the novel
Photo by WikiCalambenyo / CC BY-SA 3.0

159. •Idea of writing a novel on
the Philippines
•Harriet Beecher Stowe’s
Uncle Tom’s Cabin –
inspiration of Rizal in
creating a novel that would
depict the miseries of his
people under the lash of
Spanish tyrants.
•January 2, 1884 – presented
the novel to group of
Filipinos and unanimously
approved by those present:

•Paternos (pedro, Maximino
and Antonio)
•Graciano Lopez jaena
•Evaristo Aguirre
•Eduardo de lete
•Julio Llorente
•Melecio Figueroa
•Valentin Ventura

160. •The writing of the Noli.
Started in Madrid and
finished half of it
•Paris, 1885 finished half
of the second half
•Finished the last fourth
in Germany
•Wrote the last few
chapters in
Wilhelmsfeld April-June
1886
•In Berlin, winter days,
February 1886 – made
final revisions
•He told Fernando
Canon about his
discouragement in
publishing Noli

161. •Viola, Savior of the Noli.
•Deleted a whole chapter
“Elias and Salome”
(supposedly Chapter 25) to
reduce printing expenses
•Berliner Buchdruckrei-
Action-Gesselschaft;
printing shop charged the
lowest rate. 300 pesos for
2000 copies

•Rizal suspected as French
Spy. chief police of berlin
paid a sudden visit to Rizal’s
boarding house, asking for
passport but Rizal did not
have one. Gave 4-day
ultimatum but rizal failed to
present one.
•Reason for suspicion:
frequent visits to villages and
little towns in rural areas

162. •Printing of Noli finished.
March 27, 1887 – Noli
Me Tangere came off
the press.
•sent first copies to his
intimate friends:
•Blumentritt
•Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor
•Graciano Lopez Jaena
•Mariano Ponce
•Felix R. Hidalgo

•March 29, 1887- token
of appreciation: he
gave Viola the galley
proofs of the Noli
carefully rolled around
the pen that he used in
writing it and a
complimentary copy.

163. •The Title of the Novel.
Noli Me Tangere Latin
Phrase which means
“Touch Me Not” not
originally conceived by
Rizal, he admitted
taking it from the Bible
•Letter to Felix Hidalgo
(French. March 5, 1887):
said it is taken from the
Gospel of St. Luke signify
‘do not touch me”. Rizal
made a mistake; it
should be from the
Gospel of St. John 20:13-
17
•Author’s dedication. to
the Philippines – “to my
Fatherland”
•human sufferings is a
cancer. Social cancer

164. The novel Noli Me
Tangere contains 63
Chapters and an
Epilogue

165. Cover of the Noli
•A woman’s head atop a Maria Clara bodice -nation and the women, victims of the social
cancer.
•Friar’s feet- One of the causes of the cancer, in outsized in relation to the woman’s head.
•guard’s helmet and the iron chains, the teacher’s whip and the alferez’s scourge -The other
aggravating causes of oppression and discrimination.
•A slight cluster of bamboo stands the backdrop- people, forever in the background of their
own country’s history.
•There are a cross, a maze, flowers and thorny plants, a flame; these are indicative of the
religious policy, the misdirected ardor, the people strangled as a result of these all

166. Cover of the Noli
Silhouette of a Filipina
- believed to be Maria Clara or as the "Inang Bayan" to
whom Rizal dictates the novel

Cross/Crucifix
- represents the Catholic faith as it rises above Inang
Bayan and Filipinos (shows dominance)
- it also symbolizes sufferings and death

Pomelo Blossoms & Laurel Leaves
- they represent faith, honor and fidelity, which are the
values Rizal aspires to be embodied by Filipinos
- pomelos are used to scent their air commonly during
prayers and cleansing rituals
- laurel leaves are used as crowns during Greek Olympics
for honoring the best


Burning Torch
- refers to the Olympic torch
- pertains to the awakening of Filipino consciousness
- it also sheds light to the text of the manuscript

Sunflower
- it symbolizes a new beginning
- it is compared to the happiness of which appears to be always
bowing down

Feet
- it symbolizes the power of the friars
- it is placed on the base of the triangle (foundation) because
without friars, the Filipinos cannot stand on their own

167. Cover of the Noli
Shoes
- it represents wealth
- it is also the footprints left by friars in teaching
Catholicism

Hairy Legs
- it symbolizes the Legend of the Wolf
- the wolf shape shifts just like how friars hide their true
nature and character

Helmet of a Guardia Civil
- it represents the arrogance of those in authority

Whip
- it represents the abuses and cruelties done by the
Spaniards and friars as depicted in the novel


Flogs (Suplina)
- it is used for self-flagellation
- just like the whip, this also symbolizes the cruelties of the
Guardia Civil

Chain
- it symbolizes slavery and imprisonment

Rizal's Signature
- it shows that Rizal experienced and witnessed the ills and
abuses that happened during his time

Bamboo Stalks
- it represents Filipino resiliency
-
- despite the sufferings, Filipinos can still stand tall and
firm

169. Characters of
Noli
•The Noli Me Tangere was a true story of the Philippine
conditions during the last decades of Spanish rule
•Maria Clara- Leonor Rivera
•Ibarra and Elias- Dr. Jose Rizal
•Tasio- Paciano
•Padre Silva- Padre Antonio Piernavieja
•Captain Tiago- Captain Hilario Sunico of San Nicolas
•Doña Victorina- Doña Augustina Medel
•Basilio and Crispin - Crisostimo brothers of Hagonoy
•Padre Damaso- a typical domineering friar during the
days of Rizal, who was arrogant, immoral and anti-
Filipino

170. The Making of
El Filibusterismo
(Published in Ghent (1891))

171. Objectives:
1. Compare and contrast the characters, plots, and themes of the Noli and
Fili and his political ideas/ideologies in El Filibusterismo
2. Value the role of the youth in the development and future of society

191. To be happy
does not mean
to indulge in
foolishness!
José Rizal

193. Objectives
1. Identify the applicability of Rizal’s political philosophies in solving today’s
political problems

209. •APRIL 28, 1888 – THE STEAMER BELGIC, WITH RIZAL ON BOARD, DOCKED AT SAN FRANCISCO ON SATURDAY
MORNING
•MAY 4, 1888 – FRIDAY AFTERNOON, THE DAY RIZAL WAS PERMITTED TO GO ASHORE
•PALACE HOTEL – RIZAL REGISTERED HERE WHICH WAS THEN CONSIDERED A FIRST-CLASS HOTEL IN THE
CITY.
•RIZAL STAYED IN SAN FRANCISCO FOR TWO DAYS- MAY 4 TO 6, 1888
•MAY 6, 1888 – SUNDAY, 4:30PM, RIZAL LEFT SAN FRANCISCO FOR OAKLAND.
•MAY 13, 1888 – SUNDAY MORNING, RIZAL REACHED NEW YORK, THUS ENDING HIS TRIP ACROSS THE
AMERICAN CONTINENT.
•RIZAL STAYED THREE DAYS IN THIS CITY, WHICH HE CALLED THE “BIG TOWN”
•MAY 16, 1888 – RIZAL LEFT NEW YORK FOR LIVERPOOL ON BOARD THE CITY OF ROME. ACCORDING TO RIZAL,
THIS STEAMER WAS THE “THE SECOND LARGEST SHIP IN THE WORLD, THE LARGEST BEING THE GREAT
EASTERN”.

211. •RIZAL HAD GOOD AND BAD IMPRESSIONS OF THE UNITED STATES.
1. THE MATERIAL PROGRESS OF THE COUNTRY AS SHOWN IN THE GREAT CITIES, HUGE FARMS,
FLOURISHING INDUSTRIES AND BUSY FACTORIES.
2. THE DRIVE AND ENERGY OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE
3. THE NATURAL BEAUTY OF THE LAND
4. THE HIGH STANDARD OF LIVING
5. THE OPPORTUNITIES FOR BETTER LIFE OFFERED TO POOR IMMIGRANTS.
•RIZAL HAD BAD IMPRESSION OF AMERICA WAS THE LACK OF RACIAL EQUALITY: “AMERICA IS THE LAND PAR
EXCELLENCE OF FREEDOM BUT ONLY FOR THE WHITES.

212. THE SECOND JOURNEY
TO THE EUROPE

213. He left New York on May 13, 1888 on
board THE CITY OF ROME bound
for London

214. FIRST DESTINATION: LONDON
✣ MAY 24, 1888 HE REACHED
QUEENSTOWN, IRELAND

✣HE GOT ON BOARD A FERRY BOAT TO
LIVERPOOL AND A TRAIN FOR LONDON.

✣HE STAYED AS A GUEST WITH
DR.ANTONIO MA. REGIDOR
PICTURE OF DR. ANTONIO MA. REGIDOR

215. THREE REASONS WHY HE
WENT TO LONDON
✣TO IMPROVE HIS KNOWLEDGE ON ENGLISH

✣TO STUDY ANTONIO DE MORJA’S BOOK SUCCESOS DE LAS
ISLAS FILIPINAS, WHICH IS IN BRITISH MUSEUM

✣LONDON WAS SAFE FROM SPANIARDS

216. NEWS FROM CALAMBA…

217. ✣PERSECUTION OF FILIPINO PATRIOTS WHO SIGNED “ANTI-FRIAR PETITION
OF 1888”

✣PERSECUTION OF CALAMBA TENANTS

✣MANUEL HIDALGO, SATURNINA’S HUSBAND WAS EXILED TO BOHOL

✣LAUREANO VIADO HIS FRIEND WAS ARRESTED FOR POSSESSING COPIES
OF NOLI ME TANGERE

✣REV, VICENTE GARCIA’S FAVORABLE DEFENSE OF THE NOLI
26

218. REFORMISTS IN BARCELONA
✣FOUNDATION OF THE ASOSACION LA SOLIDARIDAD
✣PRESIDENT – GALICANO APACIBLE
✣VP- GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA
✣HONORARY PRES – RIZAL (FEB 15, 1889)
✣JAENA FOUNDED THE NEWSPAPER , LA SOLIDARIDAD
✣RIZAL’S FIRST ARTICLE – LOS AGRICULTORES FILIPINOS
✣PEN NAMES : DIMAS ALANG, LAONG LAAN
✣HE WROTE A PAMPHLET AGAINST FRAY RODRIGUEZ, “LA VISION DEL FRAY RODRIGUEZ”

✣LEFT LONDON ON MARCH 19, 1889

219. NEXT STOP: PARIS, FRANCE!
MARCH 1889: UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION
✣STAYED WITH VALENTIN VENTURA
✣TRANSFERRED FROM DIFFERENT HOTELS AND BOARDING HOUSES
✣VISITED THE HOME OF PARDO DE TAVERA
✣COMPOSED THE STORY OF THE MONKEY AND THE TORTOISE
✣WAS FASCINATED WITH THE UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION, ESPECIALLY THE EIFFEL TOWER ON
MAY 6, 1889.
✣HE ORGANIZED THE KIDLAT CLUB WITH FILIPINOS WHO WANTED TO JOIN THE EXPO
✣HE FINALIZED HIS COPY OF MORGAS’S BOOK WHICH SHOWED EVIDENCE THAT THE
FILIPINOS WERE ALREADY CIVILIZED BEFORE THE COLINIZATION

220. ✣HE PLANNED TO ESTABLISH A COLLEGE IN HONGKONG WITH THE HELP OF MR. MARIANO
CUNANAN WHO HELPED HIM RAISE PHP 40,000

✣UNFORTUNANTELY IT DID NOT SUCCEED. BUT WHEN HE WAS EXILED IN DAPITAN, HE WAS
ABLE TO ESTABLISH A BOYS SCHOOL.

✣HE WROTE AGAIN ANOTHER SATIRE ENTITLED POR TELEFONO, AS A REPLY TO FR. SALVADOR
FOP ARENT, HIS SLANDERER.
✣SOCIEDAD R.D.L.M - FOUNDED BY RIZAL IN PARIS
✣INDIOS BRAVOS - REPLACED KIDLAT CLUB

JANUARY 23 1890, HE LEFT BRUSSELS BELGIUM

221. NEXT STOP: BRUSSELS, BELGIUM
✣JOSE ALBERT ACCOMPANIED HIM TO BRUSSELS. HE ALSO LIVED WITH JOSE ALEJANDRO
✣IN BRUSSELS, HE MADE HIMSELF BUSY WITH SCULPTURING, SHOOTING, GOING TO GYM,
WRITING AND READING, AND WRTING ARTICLES FOR LA SOLIDARIDAD
✣HE WAS FIRST TO ADVOCATE FILIPINIZATION OF ORTHOGRAPHY
✣SOBRE LA NUEVA ORTOGRAFIA DE LA LENGUA TAGALA (APRIL 15, 1890)

HE LEFT PARIS BECAUSE:
✣THE EXPENSIVE COST OF LIVING
✣THE GAY SOCIAL LIFE HAMPERED HIS LITERARY WORK

222. LETTERS FROM CALAMBA
✣CALAMBA AGRARIAN TROUBLE
✣INCREASING RENTS OF THE HACIENDA LANDS BY THE
DOMINICANS
✣AN ORDER FROM THE DOMINICANS TO DISPOSES THE
RIZAL FAMILY’S LANDS FROM THEM
✣PERSECUTION OF TENANTS PACIANO, ANTONIO LOPEZ,
SILVESTRE UBALDO WERE DEPORTED TO MINDORO
✣MANUEL HIDALGO WAS BANISHED TO BOHOL AGAIN

THIS MADE RIZAL FEEL THE URGE TO GO HOME FOR HIS PEOPLE
BUT….

223. NEXT STOP: MADRID SPAIN!

224. •He was criticized by his fellow Filipinos in Madrid for
reminding them not gamble too much for they destroy the
nations reputation

•He was even called POPE instead of PEPE

225. AUG. 1890, RIZAL ARRIVED IN MADRID
✣HE IMMEDIATLE SOUGHT HELP OF THE FILIPINO COLONY, THE ASOCIATION
HISPANO – FILIPINA

✣JOSE MA. PANGANIBAN DIED AFTER A LINGERING ILLNESS ( AUG 19, 1890)

✣ABORTED DUEL WITH ANTONIO LUNA

✣RIZAL CHALLENGES RETANA TO DUEL ( WENCESLAO E. RETANA)

226. ✣INFIDELITY TO LEONOR RIVERA - RIZAL RECEIVED A LETTER FROM
LEONOR, ANNOUNCING HER COMING MARRIAGE TO AN ENGLISHMAN
AND ASKING FOR HIS FORGIVENESS

✣RIZAL - DEL PILAR RIVALRY - FILIPINOS WERE DIVIDED INTO TWO
HOSTILE GROUPS ---- THE RIZALISTAS AND THE PILARISTAS. (DESPITE
WINNING THE VOTES, HE GRACIOUSLY DECLINED THE COVETED
POSITION)

227. ✣FEBRUARY, 1891 - RIZAL ARRIVED IN BIARRITZ

✣FRUSTRATED IN ROMANCE, HE FOUND CONSULATION IN WRITING. HE KEPT
WORKING ON HIS SECOND NOVEL WHICH BEGAN IN CALAMBA 1887

✣MARCH 29,1891 - THE EVE OF HIS DEPARTURE FROM BIARRITZ TO PARIS,
FINISHED THE MANUSCRIPT OF EL FILI

✣MARCH 30, 1891 - RIZAL BADE FAREWELL TO THE HOSPITABLE BOUSTEADS AND
PROCEEDED TO PARIS

LAST STOP: BIARRITZ, FRANCE!

228. ✣APRIL 4, 1891 - RIZAL WROTE TO HIS FRIEND, JOSE MA. BASA, IN HONG KONG FROM
PARIS, EXPRESSING HIS DESIRE TO GO TO THAT BRITISH COLONY AND PRACTICE
OPTHALMOLOGY

✣MAY 1, 1891 - HE NOTIFIED THE PROGANDA AUTHORITIES TO CANCEL HIS MONTHLY
ALLOWANCE

✣MAY 30, 1981 - REVISION OF EL FILI WAS MOSTLY COMPLETED

✣JUNE 13, 1981 - INFORMED BASA THAT HE WAS NEGOTIATING WITH A PRINTING
FIRM

229. “Believe in yourself and all that you are. Know that there is something inside
you that is greater than any obstacle.”

- Christian D. Larson


- end -

230. Rizal as a Political
Philosopher

232. 3
Objectives:
1. Identify the applicability of Rizal’s political
philosophies in solving today’s political
problems .
2. Explain the principle of assimilation advocated by
the Propaganda Movement .
3.

233. The Propaganda Movement
4
•It was a period of time when native Filipinos were calling
for reforms, lasting approximately from 1880 to 1886 with
the most activity between 1880 and 1895.

•It all began in 1872, when fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose
Burgos and Jacinto Zamora were executed

•It was organized and participated by the illustrados. Dr.
Jose P. Rizal, Marcelo H. Del Pilar, Greciano Lopez Jaena
and Mariano Ponce are the leaders of the movement

234. Aims and Reforms of the Propaganda Movement
5 5
Equality of the Filipinos
and Spaniards before
the laws.

Assimilation of
the Philippines as
a regular
province of
Spain.
Human rights for Filipinos,
such as freedom of
speech, freedom of the
press, and freedom to
meet and petition for
redress of grievances.
Filipinization of the
Philippine parishes
and expulsion of
the friars

Restoration of
the Philippine
representation in
the Spanish
Cortes.

5

235. The propagandists were
patriots who waged
their movement by
means of pen and
tongue to expose the
defects of Spanish rule
in the Philippines and
the urgency of reforms
to remedy them.
6

236. • He was the first writer of the
bilingual newspaper titled
“Diariong Tagalog”.
• Beloved by the masses because
of his eloquent Tagalog fearless
defense of the poor against the
friar abuse.

Marcelo H. Del Pilar
The Propagandists

237. • a physician, scholar, scientist,
and writer.
• great novelist of the
propaganda movement.

Jose P. Rizal

238. • The greatest orator of the
propaganda.
• The First editor of the La
Solidaridad.
Graciano Lopez Jaena

239. • A Medical student and a
biographical writer.
• He used tikbalang, naning, and
kalipulako as his pen names.
Mariano Ponce

240. • A lawyer and a Man
of letters
•Pharmacist and
essayist.

241. The Masters of
Brush

242. • Linguist and Essayist.
•Teacher – tutor of
Prince alfonso de
bourbon (later king
Alfonso XIII of Spain)

244. The La Solidaridad
15
•The newspaper was founded by Graciano
Lopez Jaena in Barcelona in February 15,
1889
•La Solidaridad was created due to reality
that mass media is important in
Propagating the Propaganda Objectives.

246. “Conflict is drama, and
how people deal with
conflicts shows you the
kind of people they
are.”
-Stephen Mayer
17

247. 18
Jose
Rizal
Antonio
Luna
CHOOSE FIGHTER !!!

248. Rizal’s conflict between Antonio Luna
19
•Rizal and Luna are good friends and compatriot when they’re both
studying in Europe.
•Before this heated encounter between the two ilustrados, it was Rizal
who ironically urged his fellow expatriates to help Luna in his proposed
duel with a Spanish journalist known by the pseudonym Mir Deas.
•At that time, Luna had just begun writing his impressions of Madrid in La
Solidaridad under the pen name Taga-Ilog. One of Luna’s opinion
pieces didn’t sit well with Mir Deas, who wrongly attributed the work to
his brother Juan Luna and even described the latter as “ingrate.”
•The younger Luna took matters into his own hands and traveled all the
way from Madrid to Barcelona.
•Luna then returned to Madrid, only to realize that the girl he had been
courting was becoming deeply infatuated with Jose Rizal.

249. Rizal’s conflict between Antonio Luna
20
•The subject of both men’s affection was Nelly
Boustead, the half-Filipina and half-European who
would go down in history as the woman whom
Rizal almost married.
•Luna and Rizal often went on dates with Nelly
and her younger sister, Adelina.
•Rizal first met the Bousteads in Paris in the summer
of 1889, and they had since become part of a
circle of friends also composed of the Luna and
the Pardo de Tavera brothers.
•A love triangle soon blossomed, prompting Luna
to write a letter to Rizal to address the growing
rivalry between them:

250. Rizal’s conflict between Antonio Luna
21
“We have no reason to be cold to each other for many times I asked you if you felt
love for Nelly and you told me no. Consequently I was already sure of you, certain
you are my friend…therefore chico, we ought to continue as friends as I thought we
never ceased to be.”
•But when he realized that Nelly’s heart didn’t belong to him, anxiety got
the better of Antonio Luna.
•The big explosion came in the summer of 1890, when both men
attended a reunion of Filipino exiles in Madrid.
•Antonio Luna got drunk, and as with any person who suddenly
becomes braver under the influence of alcohol, made a sarcastic
remark about Nelly and Rizal. An argument ensued between the two
men, with one of them challenging the other to a duel. But it didn’t
push through thanks to the cooler heads who intervened.

251. Rizal’s conflict between Antonio Luna
22
•Months after the confrontation, Rizal went to France for a vacation,
staying at the Boustead residence in the seaside resort town of Biarritz. It
was here where the affection between the love-struck Jose and Nelly
grew stronger.
•As for the hopeless Luna, he finally conceded and wrote Rizal another
letter, this time without any sign of bitterness:
“With respect to Nelly, frankly, I think there is nothing between us more than one of
those friendships enlivened by being fellow countrymen. It seems to me that there is
nothing more. My word of honor… I believe that she will bring happiness not only to
you but to any other man who is worthy of her. I congratulate you as one
congratulates a friend.”

252. 23
Jose
Rizal
Wenceslao
Retana
CHOOSE FIGHTER !!!

253. Rizal’s conflict between Wenceslao Retana
24
•He was a bitter enemy of Rizal in pen.
Press agent of the friars in Spain. He
attacked Filipinos including Rizal, in
various newspaper in Madrid.
•He imprudently wrote an article in La
Epoca, an anti-Filipino newspaper in
Madrid, asserting that the family and
friends of Rizal had not paid their rents so
that they were ejected from their lands
in Calamba by the Dominicans.

254. 25
•Rizal then challenged Retana to a duel because of the article
the latter wrote. Only Retana’s blood or his apology could
vindicate the good name of Rizal’s family and friends.

•Aware that Rizal was a better swordsman and knowing that he
had no chance of winning, he issued an apology, became an
admirer, and wrote Rizal’s first European biography.

•Retana believed that discretion is the better part of valor, and
more to save his own skin. Retana at once published a retraction
and an apology in the newspapers. The incident silenced
Retana’s pen and he developed a great admiration for Rizal.
Rizal’s conflict between Wenceslao Retana

255. 26
•Rizal was not a hot-tempered nor he was
quarrelsome in nature, but if his parents and family
were attack, he never falter nor stammer to fight
just to save them.
Rizal’s conflict between Wenceslao Retana

256. 27
Jose
Rizal
Marcelo Del
Pilar
CHOOSE FIGHTER !!!

257. Rizal’s conflict between Marcelo Del Pilar
28
•Closing days of 1890: There arose
unfortunate rivalry between Rizal and M.H.
del Pilar for supremacy Rizal – Del Pilar
Rivalry
•Rizal was then the undisputed leader of the
Filipinos in Europe.
•Del Pilar was a fearless lawyer-journalist
known for his vigorous editorials in La
Solidaridad, which he came to own.
•Del Pilar has purchased this from Pablo
Rianzares, its first proprietor, and replaced
Graciano Lopez Jaena as its editor.

258. 29
•Rizal tried to imbue his compatriots with his own idealism. This
was to gain prestige for the Propaganda Movement and to win
the respect of the Spanish people.
•His idealism: Possess high standards of morality, dignity and spirit
of sacrifice.
•This was not shared by frivolous countrymen who were more
interested with wine, women and cards. Consequently, Rizal’s
leadership declined.
•Some of his former admirers turned against him because they
resented his interference with their private lives. They became
supporters of Del Pilar
Rizal’s conflict between Marcelo Del Pilar

259. 30
•January 1, 1891: the Filipinos in Madrid met to patch up their
differences and to intensify the campaign for reform.
•They decided to have an election to name the Responsable who
was to direct the affairs and determine the editorial policy.
•Del Pilar opposed this as it was a private enterprise, though he was
willing to publish articles that would express the aspirations and
demands of the Filipino people.
•Through Del Pilar’s opposition, the proposition to place La
Solidaridad under the control of the Responsable was abandoned.
•The meeting proceeded to the business of electing the
Responsable. It was agreed that the Responsable should be
elected by a two-thirds vote of the Filipino community.
Rizal’s conflict between Marcelo Del Pilar

260. 31
•First week of February, 1891: The election took place.
•There were two hostile camps: the Rizalistas and the Pilaristas
•Passion ran high, inflaming animosity and disunity in the ranks of the
compatriots. On the first day of voting, Rizal was winning, but he could
not obtain the required 2/3rds vote to be proclaimed as the
Responsable. The same thing happened the second day. The situation
was becoming explosive and critical.
•On the third day, Mariano Ponce appealed to his countrymen to vote
for Rizal. Some Pilaristas, evidently, heeded his plea. The voting that day
resulted in Rizal’s victory. He became the Responsable.
•But, Rizal graciously declined the coveted position; he did not relish
being a leader of a divided people. He didn’t want to be the cause of
disunity and bitterness among his countrymen.
Rizal’s conflict between Marcelo Del Pilar

261. 32
•Rizal wrote a brief note thanking his compatriots for electing him as
Responsable.
•He then boarded a train leaving for Biarritz
•City of Madrid: a place where he was happy during his first sojourn
(1882-85), but unhappy on his second visit (1890-91)
•This was the last time he saw Madrid
•Rizal’s agonizing heart bade goodbye to the metropolis, of which he
had written years ago:
“Madrid is one of the gayest cities of the world which combines the spirit of
Europe and the East, which has adopted the orderliness, the convenience, the
bon ton of civilized Europe without disdaining, without repelling, the brilliant
colours, the ardent passions, the primitive customs of the African tribes, of the
chivalrous Arabs whose traces are still recognizable everywhere, in the look,
feelings and prejudices of the people and even in their laws.”
Rizal’s conflict between Marcelo Del Pilar

262. The Founding of La
Liga Filipina

263. “Unos Instar
Omnium”
“One Like All”
- The motto of La
Liga Filipina
34

264. La Liga Filipina : ( The Philippine League)
×A progressive organization founded and created by Dr. Jose Rizal in the
Philippines in the house of Doroteo Ongjunco at Ilaya Street, Tondo ,
Manila in July 3, 1892.
×It was derived from the La Solidaridad and the propaganda movement.
×The purpose of this league is to build a new group sought to involve
people directly in the reform movement..
×The league was to be a sort of mutual aid and self-help society dispensing
scholar ship funds and legal aid , loaning capital and settling up
cooperatives;.
35

265. 36
When upon his return to the Philippines in July,
1892, Rizal organized the La Liga Filipina, this constituted
a forward step in the reformist ideas of the times in the
sense that the new group sought to involve the people
directly in the reform movement. Many elements of
society who were anxious for change were attracted to
the Liga, among them, Andres Bonifacio who became
one of the founders of the organization.
La Liga Filipina : ( The Philippine League)

266. La Liga Filipina aimed to:
▪ Union of the archipelago into a compact,
vigorous and homogenous body.
▪ Mutual Protection in all cases of pressing
necessity.
▪ Defense against all violence and injustice
▪ Encouragement of education, agriculture and
commerce.
▪Study and application reforms.



37

267. 38

268. La Liga Filipina had no intention of rising
up in arms against the government; but the
Spanish officials still felt threatened. On July 6,
1892 only three days after La Liga Filipina’s
establishment, Jose Rizal was secretly arrested.
The next day, Governor General Eulogio
Despujol ordered Rizal’s deportation to
Dapitan, a small, secluded town in
Zamboanga.


39

269. La Liga Filipina's membership was active
in the beginning; but later, they began to drift
apart. The rich members wanted to continue
supporting the Propaganda Movement; but
the others seemed to have lost all hope that
reforms could still be granted. Andres Bonifacio
was one of those who believed that the only
way to achieve meaningful change was
through a bloody revolution.



40

270. This is a slide title
41

271. The End of La Liga Filipina, La
Solidaridad and The Propaganda
Movement

272. End of La Liga Filipina
43
•Rizal’s arrest to Dapitan marks the end of the Propaganda
movement.

•Radical members like Andres Bonifacio separated from the
movement, believing that it was useless to expect reforms
from the Spaniards.

273. End of The Propaganda Movement and La Solidaridad
44
•For some months, the Compromisarios sent funds to M. H.
del Pilar in Madrid for the continued printing of La
Solidaridad.

•Later, many members stopped paying their contributions so
that the flow of funds to Spain ceased.

•For lacks of funds, La Solidaridad died out after its last issue
on November 15, 1895.

•With the demise of the La Solidaridad, the Propaganda
movement consequently ended.

274. 45
The Propaganda Movement failed,
but the ideas of freedom and
justice which it sowed paved the
ground for the Philippine Revolution
that the Katipunan and Andres
Bonifacio began in the hills of
Balintawak in August 1896.

275. Good, better, best. Never let it rest.
Until your good is better and your
better is best.
-St. Jerome
-end-
46

276. L E C T U R E 8
RIZAL'S ARREST
AND EXILE IN
DAPITAN

277. WHAT WE'LL DISCUSS

OBJECTIVES
1.Analyze whether the
arrest of Rizal and his
exile was just and
right or not.
2.Make value-judgment
on the essentials
qualities of Jose Rizal
during his exile.

278. prezentr.com
!

Rizal’s Arrival on Manila

279. prezentr.com
!

Series of Meetings with the
Governor-General

280. prezentr.com
!

Series of Meetings with the
Governor-General

281. prezentr.com
!

The Borneo Plan

282. prezentr.com
!

Founding of La Liga Filipina

283. Rizal’s Arrest
Rizal Arrested and Jailed in
Fort Santiago
•July 6, 1892 – Wednesday, Rizal
went to Malacañang Palace to
resume his series of interviews with
governor general

284. Rizal’s Arrest

285. Pobres Frailles
(Poor Friars)
-incriminatory leaflets
which allegedly found in
Lucia’s pillowcase; it is
under the authorship of
Fr. Jacinto and printed
by the Imprenta de los
Amigos del Pais, Manila

286. •Rizal was placed under
arrest and escorted to
Fort Santiago by
Ramon Despujol,
nephew and aide of
Governor General
Despujol

287. July 7, 1892
Gaceta de Manila
published the story of
Rizal’s arrest which
produced indignant
commotion among
Filipino people,
particularly the members
of the newly organized
Liga Filipina

288. July 7, 1892
the same issue of
Gaceta contained
Governor General
Despujol’s decree
deporting Rizal to “one of
the islands in the South”

289. July 14, 1892,
shortly after midnight
(that is 12:30 am of July
15, 1892)
Rizal was brought under heavy
guard to the steamer Cebu,
which was sailing for Dapitan
The steamer was under
Captain Delgras departed
at 1:00 AM, July 15,
sailing south, passing
Mindoro and panay and
reaching Dapitan on
Sunday, the 17
th
of July at
7:00 in the evening

290. July 17, 1892 – July 31, 1896
Rizal began his exile in
lonely Dapitan, a period of
four years

291. RIZAL'S DEPORTATION
IN DAPITAN

When did Rizal
arrived in
Dapitan?

Rizal arrived at Dapitan on July
17, 1892, on board the streamer
Cebu. He exiled without trial to
Dapitan, Mindanao for allegedly
instigating sedition.

292. THE POLITICO-MILITARY
COMMANDER
CAPT. RICARDO CARNICERO
•Captain Carnicero was the politico military
commander of the town who received Rizal as a
prisoner.

•He was made to stay in the house of Capt. Ricardo
Carnicero, commandant of Dapitan, in Casa Grande.
A friendship based on mutual respect developed
between the two gentlemen.

•Later in his life in Dapitan, Rizal wrote a poem ‘A
Don Ricardo Carnicero’ honoring the kind
commandant on the occasion of his birthday on
August 26, 1892.

293. Captain Carnicero’s Task

294. Captain Carnicero’s Task

295. Jesuit Mission House
2
1 4
3
5

296. Rizal won the Lottery

297. The commandant Captain Ricardo Carnicero and Jose Rizal became good
friends so much so that the exile did not feel that the captain was actually his
guard. Later in his life in Dapitan, Rizal wrote a poem ‘A Don Ricardo Carnicero’
honoring the kind commandant on the occasion of his birthday on August 26,
1892.
In September 1892, Rizal and Carnicero won in a lottery. The Manila Lottery
ticket no. 9736 jointly owned by Rizal, Carnicero, and a Spanish resident of
Dipolog won the second prize of Php 20, 0000. Rizal used some part of his
share (Php 6, 200) in procuring a parcel of land near the coast of Talisay, a
barrio near Dapitan. On a property of more than 10 hectares, he put up three
houses made of bamboo, wood, and nipa. He lived in the house which was
square in shape. Another house, which was hexagonal, was the barn where
Rizal kept his chickens.

298. RIZAL BUILDS HIS
HOME AT TALISAY

In September 1892, Rizal and Carnicero
won in a lottery. The Manila Lottery
ticket no. 9736 jointly owned by Rizal,
Carnicero, and a Spanish resident of
Dipolog won the second prize of Php 20,
0000.

Rizal used some part of his share (Php 6,
200) in procuring a parcel of land near
the coast of Talisay, a barrio near
Dapitan.

299. In 1893 he established a school which
existed until the end of his exile in July 1896.
It began with three pupils and in the course of
time the enrolment increased to 16 and later
to 21. Instead of charging tuition fee, he made
them work in his garden, fields, and
construction projects in the community.
Rizal effected the construction of the
house to accommodate the growing number
of pupils in his Talisay School. The area
underneath the hut served as the workshop of
his pupils. His exile to Dapitan gave Rizal the
opportunity to put into practice his educational
ideas.

300. The octagonal hut served as
Rizal's clinic and as dormitory of some
of his pupils. Reconstructed with
similar materials as the main house, it
now stands as a reminder of the
numerous medications performed by
Rizal during his exile in Dapitan.

301. Daily Life as an Exile

302. IDYLLIC LIFE IN DAPITAN

Rizal had an exemplary life, idyllic in serenity.

August, 1893 – members of his family took turns in visiting him in order to assuage his
loneliness in the isolated outpost of Spanish power in the Moroland.

Among them were his mother; sisters Trinidad, Maria, Narcisa; and nephews
Teodosio, Estanislao, Mauricio and Prudencio.
RIZAL ENCOUNTER WITH THE FRIAR’S SPY
November 1893 Rizal was living peacefully and happily at his house in Talisay.

His blissful life was then suddenly jolted by a strange incident involving a spy of the
friars.

Pablo Mercado – posing as relative, secretly visited Rizal at his house on the night of
November 2, 1893.

303. " THE FRIAR SPY "
W I L L I A M S H A K E S P E A R E
•
W I L L I A M S H A K E S P E A R E

304. As Physician in Dapitan
August 1893 his mother and sister (Maria) arrived in Dapitan and lived with him for
one year and half.

Don Ignacio Tumarong – was able to see again because of Rizal’s ophthalmic skill;
and highly gratified by the restoration of his sight, and he paid P3,000.
DON FLORENCIO AZACARRAGA, A RICH HACENDERO OF AKLAN, WAS ALSO
CURED OF EYE AILMENT, AND PAID RIZAL A CARGO OF SUGAR.

RIZAL BECAME INTERESTED IN LOCAL MEDICINE AND IN THE USE OF MEDICINAL
PLANTS.

305. Community Projects for Dapitan
When Rizal arrived in Dapitan, he decided to improve it, to the best of his God-given talents, and to
awaken the civic consciousness of its people.


Rizal as Teacher
Since boyhood Rizal knew the value of good education.
He himself planned to establish a modern college in Hong Kong for Filipino boys so that he could
train them in modern pedagogical concepts, which were then unknown in the Philippines.


Water System for Dapitan

306. Contributions to Science

Rizal found Mindanao a rich virgin field for collecting specimens. With his baroto
(sailboat) and accompanied by his pupils, he explored the jungles and coasts, seeking
specimens of insects, birds, snakes, lizards, frogs, shells, and plants.
He discovered some rare specimens which were named in his honor by the scientists.
Draco Rizali – a flying dragon
Apogonia Rizali – a small beetle
Rhacophorus Rizali – a rare frog

During his four-year exile in Dapitan, Rizal built up a rich collection of concology
which consisted of 346 shells representing 203 species.

307. LINGUISTIC STUDIES
Rizal continued his studies of languages. In Dapitan he learned the Bisayan,
Subanum, and Malay languages. He wrote a Tagalog grammar, made a comparative
study of the Bisayan and Malayan languages.

April 5, 1896 – his last year of exile in Dapitan, he wrote to Blumentritt.

He knew 22 languages.
ARTISTIC WORKS IN DAPITAN
Rizal contributed his painting skill to the sisters of Charity who were preparing the
sanctuary of the Holy Virgin in their private chapel.
He drew, for instance, the three rare species of animal life – the dragon the frog, and
the beetle.
He had sketches of the numerous fishes he caught in Dapitan waters.

308. RIZAL AS A FARMER
In Dapitan Rizal devoted much of his time to agriculture.
He bought 16 hectares of land in Talisay, where he built his home, school, and
hospital, and planted cacao, coffee, sugarcane, coconuts and fruits trees.

Later, he acquired more lands until his total holdings reached 70 hectares, containing
6,000 hemp plants, 1,000, and numerous fruit trees, sugarcane, corn, coffee and
cacao.

On his farm Rizal introduced modern methods of agriculture which he had observed
in Europe and America.
He also imported agricultural machinery from the United States.

309. RIZAL AS BUSINESSMAN
Rizal engaged in business. In partnership with Ramon Carreon, a Dapitan merchant,
he made profitable business ventures in fishing, copra, and hemp industries.
January 19, 1893 – he expressed his plan to improve the fishing industry of Dapitan.
The most profitable business venture of Rizal in Dapitan was in the hemp industry.
At one time, he shipped 150 bales of hemp to a foreign firm in Manila at huge profit
for himself and his business partner.
He purchased hemp in Dapitan at P7 and 4 reales per picul and sold it in Manila at
p10 and 4 reales, giving him a profit of P3 per picul.
May 14, 1893 – Rizal formed a business partnership with Ramon Carreon in lime
manufacturing.
Their lime burner had a monthly capacity of more than 400 bags of lime.

310. RIZAL’S INVENTIVE ABILITY
Rizal was that he was also an inventor.
He invented cigarette lighter which he sent as a gift to Blumentritt. He called it “
“sulpukan”.

February, 1895 –Dona Teodora, with her eyesight fully restored, returned to Manila.
October 22, 1895 – Rizal wrote a beautiful poem about his serene life as an exile in Dapitan
and sent it to her.
“My Retreat” – which is claimed by literary critics as one of the best ever penned by Rizal.

311. KATIPUNAN SEEK RIZAL’S ADVICE
•Prior to the outbreak of the revolution,
the Katipunan leader, Andres Bonifacio, seek the advise of Jose
Rizal. In a secret meeting on May 2, 1896 at Bitukang
Manok river in Pasig, the group agreed to send Dr. Pio
Valenzuela as a representative to Dapitan who will inform Rizal
of their plan to launch a revolution against the Spaniards. On
board the steamer Venus, Valenzuala left Manila on June 15, 1892
and in 6 days, arrived at Dapitan with a blind companion,
Raymundo Mata. At night, Rizal and Valenzuela had a talk in the
former's garden.

312. KATIPUNAN SEEK RIZAL’S ADVICE
There, Valenzuela told him of the Katipunan's plan. Regarding this,
Rizal outspokenly objected Bonifacio's “premature” idea for two reasons:

1. the Filipinos were still unready for such bloody revolution; and

2. the Katipunan lacked machinery – before plotting a revolution, there
must be sufficient arms and funds collected.

Valenzuela also told Rizal of their plan to rescue him in Dapitan. Again, the
exiled hero disagreed because he had no plan of breaking his word of
honor to the Spanish authorities.

313.  Rizal provided significant community services in Dapitan like improving
the town’s drainage and constructing better water system using empty
bottles and bamboo joints.
 He also taught the town folks about health and sanitation so as to
avoid the spread of diseases.
 He bettered their forest by providing evident trails, stairs, and some
benches. He invented a wooden machine for mass production of
bricks. Using the bricks he produced, Rizal built a water dam for the
community with the help of his students.
Summary of Rizal’s Achievements in Dapitan

314.  As the town’s doctor, Rizal equally treated all patients regardless of
their economic and social status. He accepted as ‘fees’ things like
poultry and crops, and at times, even gave his services to poor folks
for free.
 His specialization was ophthalmology but he also offered treatments
to almost all kinds of diseases like fever, sprain, broken bones,
typhoid, and hernia.
 Rizal also helped in the livelihood of the abaca farmers in Dapitan by
trading their crops in Manila. He also gave them lessons in abaca-
weaving to produce hammocks. Noticing that the fishing method by
the locals was inefficient, he taught them better techniques like
weaving and using better fishing nets.

315. Physician
Rizal practiced
medicine in Dapitan,
as a physician he
became interested in
local medicine and in
use of medicinal
plants.
Rizal as .
. .

Engineer
He applied his
knowledge in
engineering by
constructing a system
of waterworks and
beautification of town
plaza.
Farmer
Rizal devoted much
his time in agriculture.
Encouraged the
farmers to used
modern agricultural
methods.
Teacher
Rizal taught his boys
reading, writing,
languages, geo,
history, mathematics,
nature study, moral,
gymnastics and etc.
Business Man
Rizal engaged in
business in
partnership with
Ramon Carreonn, a
Dapitan Merchant.
Scientist
Rizal invented a
cigarette lighter
which he sent as a gift
to Blumentritt.

316.  In 1895, Blumentritt informed Rizal that the revolution-ridden Cuba, another
nation colonized by Spain, was raged by yellow fever epidemic. Because there
was a shortage of physicians to attend to war victims and disease-stricken
people,Rizal wrote to the Governor General Ramon Blanco on December 1895,
volunteering to provide medical services in Cuba. Receiving no reply from Blanco,
Rizal lost interest in his request.
 But on July 30, 1896, Rizal received a letter from the governor general
sanctioning his petition to serve as volunteer physician in Cuba. Rizal made
immediate preparations to leave, selling and giving as souvenirs to friends and
students his various properties.
Goodbye Dapitan

317.  In the late afternoon of July 31, Rizal got on the 'España with
Josephine, Narcisa, a niece,three nephews, and three of his students.
Many Dapitan folks, especially Rizal’s students, came to see their
beloved doctor for the last time. Cordially bidding him goodbye, they
shouted “Adios, Dr. Rizal!” and some of his students even cried. With
sorrowing heart, He waved his hand in farewell to the generous and
loving Dapitan folks, saying, “Adios, Dapitan!”
 The steamer departed for Manila at midnight of July 31, 1896. With
tears in his eyes, Rizal later wrote in his diary onboard the ship, “I have
been in that district four years, thirteen days, and a few hours.”

318. This monumental work of art is a
tribute to all Dapitanons and to those
who, in heart and in mind, silently
share the same vision of Dr. Jose
Rizal for the greater glory of Dapitan.
This serves as a reminder to all that
Dapitan was once blessed with the
distinct privilege and opportunity to
shelter the greatest Filipino martyr
who lived here on exile for four years,
thirteen days and a few hours sharing
his noble life, works, and teachings.

319. Literary Works in Talisay

320. HYMN TO TALISAY
•Jose Rizal spent most of his days
in Dapitan with his pupils and he taught them
not to be afraid of anything including the
“ghosts” in the balete trees. He challenged
them by letting them climb balete trees.
“Hymn to Talisay” was written by Rizal for his
pupils to sing while they rendezvous under the
Talisay tree.
MY RETREAT
•This poem portrays Rizal's serene life in his
place of rustication. He wrote the poem in
response to his mother's request that Rizal
should revive his interest in poetry writing. s

324. “It does not matter how slowly you go as long as you do not stop.”
- Confucius




- end -