The Liturgy THE WORK OF GOD IN WHICH THE PEOPLE PARTICIPATE.

Ang Liturhiya: Ang Puso at Himpapawid ng Pananampalataya
I. Panimula: Ang Kahulugan at Sentralidad ng Liturhiya
Ang Liturhiya ay ang pinakasentro, ang pinakapundasyon, at ang pinakamataas na pagpapahayag ng buhay ng isang relihiyosong komunidad. Hindi ito basta-basta koleksiyon ng mga seremonya o isang serye ng mga panalangin; ito ay ang pampublikong gawain (public work) kung saan ang isang pamayanan ng pananampalataya ay nakikipag-ugnayan sa kanyang Diyos. Sa Kristiyanong pananaw, lalo na sa Simbahang Katolika at Ortodoks, ang Liturhiya ay tinatawag na opus Dei – "ang gawa ng Diyos" at "ang gawa ng mga tao" na naghahatid sa kaligtasan at pagpapakabanal.

Ang salitang "liturhiya" ay nagmula sa Griyegong leitourgia, na pinagsamang salita ng leitos (pampubliko) at ergon (gawain o paglilingkod). Sa sinaunang Gresya, tumutukoy ito sa mga mahahalagang serbisyong sineserbisyo ng mga mayayamang mamamayan para sa kabutihan ng buong lungsod (hal. pagpopondo sa mga pampublikong pista o barko). Sa Septuagint (Griyegong Lumang Tipan), ang salita ay ginamit upang ilarawan ang serbisyo ng mga pari sa Templo ng Jerusalem.

Mula sa panimulang ito, ang tesis ng sanaysay na ito ay ang sumusunod: Ang Liturhiya ay hindi lamang isang ritwal, kundi ang pinakapangunahing paggawa ng Simbahan—ang rurok kung saan nagmumula ang lahat ng kapangyarihan at ang pinagmumulan kung saan dumadaloy ang lahat ng grasya, na naghuhubog sa pananampalataya, teolohiya, at moralidad ng mga mananampalataya.

II. Ang Pundasyong Teolohikal: Liturhiya Bilang Pakikilahok sa Misteryo ni Kristo
Upang maunawaan ang Liturhiya, kailangang unawain ang pangunahing teolohikal na batayan nito: ang pakikilahok sa Misteryo Paskwal (Paschal Mystery) ni Hesu Kristo.

A. Ang Liturhiya Bilang Patuloy na Pag-iral ng Misteryo Paskwal
Ang Misteryo Paskwal ay ang pagdurusa (Passion), kamatayan, muling pagkabuhay, at pag-akyat sa langit ni Kristo. Para sa mga Kristiyano, ito ang tanging at panghuling gawa ng kaligtasan. Ang Liturhiya ay ginagawa upang hindi lamang alaala ang mga pangyayaring ito, kundi upang gawin itong kasalukuyan (made present) sa pamamagitan ng kapangyarihan ng Banal na Espiritu.

Sa Misa (Eukaristiya) halimbawa, ang sakripisyo ng Kalbaryo ay hindi inuulit, kundi inirerepresenta (re-presented) at ginagawang aktuwal. Sa sandali ng Eukaristiya, ang komunidad ay sumasali sa walang hanggang gawa ng paghahandog ni Kristo sa Ama. Ito ang dahilan kung bakit ang Liturhiya ay tinawag na “source and summit” (pinagmulan at rurok) ng buhay Kristiyano – lahat ng ginagawa ng Simbahan ay patungo sa Liturhiya, at ang lahat ng lakas at misyon ay nagmumula rito.

B. Ang Epektibong Bisa (Efficacy) ng mga Rito
Ang Liturhiya ay gumagana ex opere operato (sa pamamagitan ng gawaing ginawa). Nangangahulugan ito na ang bisa ng sakramento ay nagmumula sa kapangyarihan ng Diyos at hindi nakasalalay sa kabanalan o moralidad ng pari o ng mananampalataya. Ang Diyos mismo ang gumagawa sa pamamagitan ng mga rito. Ang mga rit

1. LITURGY

2. LITURGY Definition ( Very interesting word in the tradition of the Church ) LIT - Laos, People, Laity URGY- Ergon, Work, Energy 3 Nuances WORK OF THE PEOPLE “ Public Duty” ( It is our duty not just obligatory) THE WORK OF CHRIST DONE ON BEHALF OF THE PEOPLE. ( Christ is the best example on how to be a Christian- “Obedience in God’s will’) THE WORK OF GOD IN WHICH THE PEOPLE PARTICIPATE. ( The best way to worship God is to imitate Him )

3. LITURGY

4. LITURGY

5. PRE-CHRISTIAN ERA A.) ‘ Leitourgia ’ means public works or state projects. It is work, activity, or service for the people and for the benefit of the community. In this era there are 2 types of Liturgy: First, CYCLICAL which is done by a particular group through rendering service for the city either participating in games or in festivals. Second, EXTRAORDINARY which means an emergency activity for the city. For instance, during the War – navy and army for military service.THUS , DURING THIS TIME, THE MEANING OF LITURGY IS STILL VERY SECULAR BUT WITH SENSE OF OBLIGATION LITURGY

6. EARLY CHRISTIAN ERA EARLY CHRISTIAN ERA We can find the Christian sense of the use of Liturgy in the Christian ritual of worship (Acts 13:2). Liturgy is either used for a formal worship rendered by people led by the priest or used by a small group of Christians even without the presence of a priest. THUS, LITURGY WAS NARROWED DOWN TO DESIGNATE PUBLIC WORSHIP OF THE CHURCH. LITURGY

7. ROMAN CATHOLIC TRADITION Liturgy designates the official public worship of the Church. OFFICIAL means that it is authorized by and takes place in communion with the local bishop according to the norms approved by the Roman See. PUBLIC means that it is the activity of an assembly of believers visibly gathered. WORSHIP means that it is a prayer. NOTE: the word “Liturgy” today is EXCLUSIVELY USED in its CULTIC SENSE or in other words in religious context and unlike in the past. It is VERY SECULAR LITURGY

8. What is Sacred LITURGY The Sacred Liturgy is the true worship of God, enacted by Jesus Christ and his body, the Church, through the power of the Holy Spirit.

9. What is Sacred LITURGY Vatican II describes the liturgy as: “an exercise of the priestly office of Jesus Christ” in which our human “sanctification is manifested by signs perceptible to the senses and is effected in a way proper to each of these signs,” so that “full public worship is performed by the Mystical Body of Jesus Christ, that is, by the Head and his members” (cf. SC 7).

10. What is Sacred LITURGY The center of the Church’s liturgy is the Eucharist which commemorates the Paschal Mystery of our Lord Jesus Christ __ his Passion, Death, Resurrection, Ascension, and the sending of the Holy Spirit (cf. SC 5)

11. Function of the Liturgy Function of the LiturgyThe Liturgy’s function is twofold: to give honor and praise to God, which is worship, and to obtain blessings for the human race, which is sanctification

12. Liturgies of the Church

13. Liturgies of the Church Liturgies of the Church These are the prayers that priests, religious and many lay people pray several times each day. They consists mainly of the Psalms. The Divine Office

14. Liturgies of the Church All these are led by sacred ministers, usually priests, and consists of official prayers, Scripture and sacramental actions. The Eucharist and the other sacraments

15. Liturgies of the Church Other rites cover a variety of purposes, including the Rite of Christian Initiation for Adults (RCIA) for reception into the Church, Benediction, and Funeral rites. Other Rites

16. When is Liturgy celebrated? Liturgy follows a set of times and seasons, the most important being when the Church celebrates the Resurrection of Jesus on Easter

17. When is Liturgy celebrated? Lent is the forty-day period of prayer, fasting and almsgiving that follows the pattern of Jesus’ own preparation in the wilderness for his mission. Holy week and Easter are when we celebrate his redemptive death and Resurrection. Lent and Easter

18. When is Liturgy celebrated? Advent is the four-week period when we prepare for the coming of Jesus Christ at Christmas and for his final coming at the end of time Advent and Christmas

19. When is Liturgy celebrated? Ordinary time covers the rest of the Liturgical Year. Although this period is called ‘ordinary’, it still includes some special solemnities and feasts Ordinary Time

20. ESSENTIAL QUALITIES OF LITURGY directed to the Father, through His Son’s Paschal Mystery, in their Holy Spirit; Trinitarian and Paschal :

21. ESSENTIAL QUALITIES OF LITURGY celebrated by the whole Christ, Head and members, actively participating in various roles Ecclesial :

22. ESSENTIAL QUALITIES OF LITURGY celebrated through symbolic rituals, words and gestures by which the faithful both express Faith in Christ and share in the salvation symbolized. Sacramental :

23. ESSENTIAL QUALITIES OF LITURGY making present God’s Kingdom already begun but not yet fully accomplished. Eschatological :

24. ESSENTIAL QUALITIES OF LITURGY directly related to moral life by empowering full responsible Christian discipleship; Ethically oriented :

25. What does the Church stress in the Liturgy today? Today the Church stresses full, conscious, and active participation in the liturgy , which is demanded by the very nature of the liturgy itself, and to which the Christian people “have a right and obligation by reason of their baptism” (SC 14).

26. Liturgical Year Second Vatican Council's Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy, summarize the profound meaning of the liturgical celebrations of the Church and their organization: Holy Church celebrates the saving work of Christ on prescribed days in the course of the year with sacred remembrance. Each week, on the day called the Lord's Day, she commemorates the Resurrection of the Lord, which she also celebrates once a year in the great Paschal Solemnity, together with his blessed Passion. In fact, throughout the course of the year the Church unfolds the entire mystery of Christ and observes the birthdays of the Saints. (no. 1)

27. Liturgical Year The liturgical year consists of a seasonal cycle and a sanctoral cycle, called the Proper of Time and the Proper of Saints, respectively. Both are organized and published in a liturgical calendar, which is also enriched by observances proper to local Churches, whether national, diocesan, parish-level, or religious community. The Paschal Mystery of Jesus Christ—his suffering, death, and resurrection—is continuously proclaimed and renewed through celebrating the events of his life and in the feasts of the Blessed Virgin Mary and the saints.

28. Liturgical Year The liturgical year is made up of six seasons: Advent - four weeks of preparation before the celebration of Jesus' birth Christmas - recalling the Nativity of Jesus Christ and his manifestation to the peoples of the world Lent - a six-week period of penance before Easter Sacred Paschal Triduum - the holiest "Three Days" of the Church's year, where the Christian people recall the suffering, death, and resurrection of Jesus Easter - 50 days of joyful celebration of the Lord's resurrection from the dead and his sending forth of the Holy Spirit Ordinary Time - divided into two sections (one span of 4-8 weeks after Christmas Time and another lasting about six months after Easter Time), wherein the faithful consider the fullness of Jesus' teachings and works among his people

29. Liturgical Year is the celebration throughout the year of the mysteries of the Lord’s birth, life, death and resurrection in such a way that the entire year becomes a “year of the Lord’s grace.”

30. The Liturgical Calendar

31. The Liturgical Calendar The organization of each liturgical year is governed by the Church and ultimately integrated into a liturgical calendar. The Second Vatican Council brought renewed emphasis to Sunday as a unique liturgical category: "the Lord's day is the original feast day" ( Sacrosanctum Concilium, no. 106), and it "must be observed in the universal Church as the primordial holy day of obligation" (Code of Canon Law, canon 1246 §1). Thus, only a limited number of feasts of the Lord or the saints may take the place of the scheduled Sunday celebration

32. CHRISTMAS CYCLE I. ADVENT -The season with which the liturgical year begins is not penitential. Advent is a time of preparation and reflection, hope and anticipation. The coming of the eternal Son of God is celebrated in the three ways we experience time: past, present and future. He came for us in our flesh through the Incarnation; he comes to us in the Church through grace; he will come at the end of time to judge us, living or dead.

33. CHRISTMAS CYCLE I. ADVENT -The beginning of liturgical year. -The period of waiting and preparing for the coming of Messiah. - First Sunday of advent until December 24 inclusive

34. ADVENT Wreath The wreath as a whole is meant to remind us of both the immortality of our souls and God’s promise of everlasting life to us through Christ. Traditionally the wreath should be in circle shape. ( Circle has no beginning & no end that represents eternity of God ) The various evergreens, signifies continuous life with joyful hope. The candles also have their own special significance. The Four candles represent the four weeks of advent, and one candle is it each Sunday.

35. ADVENT Wreath

36. ADVENT Wreath The 3 candles are purple because the color violet is a liturgical color that signifies a time of prayer, penance, and sacrifice. The 1 st candle w/c is purple , symbolizes “ Hope ”. It is sometimes called the Prophecy candle in remembrance of the prophets, especially Isaiah, who foretold the birth of Christ. The 2 nd candle , also a purple , represents “ Faith ”. It is called the Bethlehem candle” as a reminder of Mary and Joseph journey to Bethlehem.

37. ADVENT Wreath The 3 rd candle is pink and symbolizes “ Joy ”. It is known also as the “ Shepherds Candle ”, and is pink because rose is the liturgical color for Joy. The third Sunday of Advent is Gaudete Sunday is meant to remind us of the joy that the world experienced at the birth of Christ. The 4 th candle, the final purple candle lighted to mark the final week of prayer and penance as we wait for the birth of our S avior . It represents the “ Angels Candle” . Reminding us of the message of the angels: “Peace on Earth, Good W ill Toward Men.”

38. ADVENT Wreath The white candle is place in the middle of the wreath and lit on Christmas Eve. The candle is called the “Christ Candle” and represents the Birthday of Jesus . White symbolizes purity because Christ is our sinless, pure Savior. As we lit the white candle, it will mark the end of Advent Season and the beginning part of the Christmas Season.

39. Christmas Season

40. How December 25 Became Christmas On December 25, Christians around the world will gather to celebrate Jesus’ birth. Joyful carols, special liturgies, brightly wrapped gifts, festive foods—these all characterize the feast today, at least in the northern hemisphere. But just how did the Christmas festival originate? How did December 25 come to be associated with Jesus’ birthday?

41. Christmas Season 1. Feast proper: December 25 2. Octave: December 26- January 1 3. The rest of the X’mas season: January 2 until baptism of the Lord.

42. B. Ordinary time, part I -Monday after Baptism of the Lord until Tuesday before Ash Wednesday inclusive.   C. Easter cycle -Lent : Ash Wednesday until the Holy Thursday Chrism Mass inclusive. Lent - Quadragessima “ FORTY” -40 days of prayers and sacrifices in preparation for the celebration of Easter.

43. Ash Wednesday -Starts the season of Lent Putting ashes in our forehead as a reminder of our nothingness before the eyes of God. HOLY WEEK -The last week of Lent -The days we recall and reflect the holy events in the life of our Lord Jesus Christ leading us to his passion and death.

44. PALM SUNDAY- Domimgo de Ramos -It is the first day of Holy Week -A celebration commemorating Jesus entry to Jerusalem. -The Christians bring Palms to the Church to be blessed.   -Holy Monday -Holy Tuesday -Holy Wednesday – the last day of Lenten season

45. HOLY WEEK In our Tradition -Reading the Passion of Christ “PABASA” Being sang in an old melancholy in rhythm and tune. -During old times this was being read in the whole week of the Holy week. -In our present time it was cut only until Holy Wednesday because of the pastoral consideration by our Archdiocese. One reason its because the last three days before the celebration of Easter are very meaningful to us Christians that is why we are oblige to attend.

46. PENITENTS A person or group of People who are doing public penance by flagellating themselves or imitating the suffering of our Lord Jesus Christ . a person who repents their sins or wrongdoings and (in the Christian Church) seeks forgiveness from God.   Pledge of Devotion The penitents before they do their public penance, they must reflect deeply and pray for at least 30 minutes. They will promise to do this for 3 to 5 consecutive years depending to their “PANATA”

47. THE paschal triduum -Maundy Thursday Celebration -Chrism Mass -Washing of disciples feet -Mass of the Last Supper -Exposition of the Blessed Sacrament -Vigil - Visita Iglesia

48. GOOD FRIDAY -Station of the Cross -Cenacle “ CenaKulo ” -Seven Last Words -Veneration of the Cross -Procession

49. Black Saturday -Rites of the Paschal Candle -Blessing of Fire -Paschal Candle procession -Blessing of Water -Renewal of Baptism -The meeting of mother Dolorosa and the Risen Christ “SALUBONG”

50. EASTER SUNDAY / THE LORD’S RESURRECTION GLORY TO GOD IN THE HIGHEST!!!   Easter season 1. Octave: Easter Sunday to Second Sunday of Easter. 2. The rest of the Easter Season: Monday after Second Sunday of Easter until Pentecost inclusive.

51. PENTECOST -The 50th day of Easter season -The coming of the Holy Spirit -The disciples became the apostles “ Dicipulus ” the followers, the students “ Apostulus ” to be sent. To continue the mission of Christ.

52. Ordinary time,part 2 -Monday after Pentecost until Saturday before first Sunday of Advent. -The longest Ordinary Season

53. A C O L P E O A- dvent C- hristmas O- rdinary Time,Part I L- ent P- aschal Triduum E- aster Season O- rdinary Time, Part II

54. A C O L P E O A- dvent C- hristmas O- rdinary Time,Part I L- ent P- aschal Triduum E- aster Season O- rdinary Time, Part II

55. LITURGICAL COLORS White light innocence purity joy triumph glory Season of Christmas Season of Easter Feasts of the Lord, other than of His passion Feasts of Mary, the angels, and saints who were not martyrs All Saints (1 November) Feasts of the Apostles Nuptial Masses Masses for the dead (Requiem Masses) when the deceased is a baptized child who died before the age of reason Note: White is the color of Popes' non-liturgical dress. White can be replaced by Silver.

56. LITURGICAL COLORS Red the Passion blood fire God's Love martyrdom Feasts of the Lord's passion, Blood, and Cross Feasts of the martyrs Palm Sunday Pentecost Note: Red is the color of Cardinals' non-liturgical dress

57. LITURGICAL COLORS Green the Holy Ghost life eternal hope Time After Epiphany Time After Pentecost

58. LITURGICAL COLORS Violet penance humility melancholy Season of Advent Season of Septuagesima Season of Lent Rogation Days Ember Days (except for Pentecost Ember Days) Vigils except for Ascension and Pentecost Good Friday Note: Violet, literally "amaranth red," is the color of Bishops', Archbishops', and Patriarchs' non-liturgical dress

59. LITURGICAL COLORS Rose joy Gaudete Sunday (Third Sunday of Advent) Laetare Sunday (Fourth Sunday of Lent)

60. LITURGICAL COLORS Black mourning sorrow All Souls Day Masses for the dead (Requiem Masses), except for baptized children who've died before the age of reason

61. That in all things God May be glorified!