The Living World Adaptation And Classification.pptx

7th general science

1. The Living World : Adaptations And Classification.

2. Variety In Plants

3. 1.Plants in various regions.e.g desert ,snowy region etc

4. 2.Flowering and non flowering plants

5. 3.Aquatic , Terrestrial etc

6. 4 . Size (Huge/ Micro)

7. Variety In Animals

8. Animals in various Regions

9. Size (Unicellular /Multicellular)

10. Body Structure ( V e r t i b a t e s ,I n v e r t i b a t e s e t c )

11. Habitat: Aquatic ,Terrestrial,Amphibian etc

12. Reptilian, Aerial etc

13. Adaptation Gradual changes occur in the body parts and also in the behaviour of organisms which help them to adjust to their surroundings. Such changes are called adaptations . They take place over a long period of time .

14. AQUATIC PLANTS Submerged Plants – firmly rooted in the soil at the bottom of water bodies Floating Plants - Stems are submerged, leaves and flowers float on water . Entirely afloat. Roots are not anchored in the soil.   ADAPTATIONS IN AQUATIC PLANTS  T h e 1.The surfaces of leaves and stems are covered with waxy layer. This prevents water from accumulating on surface. Therefore leaves and stems don’t rot in water.  .  ~ This pre

15. 2.Leaves of some aquatic . plants are thin and slender like a ribbon . ~ This shape helps them to withstand the fast currents of water.

16. 3.Air spaces in stems and petioles of aquatic plants. p ~ … …. ……………… ~Useful for floating on water.        4.Roots are short and fibrous ~ As there is sufficient water in surrounding, roots are short. Fibrous roots are useful to float on water r o

17. ADAPTATION IN DESERT PLANTS Either leafless or leaves are like small needles or modified into thorns. ~ As a result plants loose very little water by evaporation. Stems are fleshy as they store water and food. Stems are green as they perform photosynthesis in absence of leaves.

18. Roots penetrate deep into the soil and spread away into the soil in search of water. There is thick layer of waxy substance on the stems of plants to avoid evaporation of water.

19. ADAPTATION IN PLANTS OF SNOWY REGION These trees are conical in shape due to their sloping branches. ~This conical shape prevents the snow from accumulating on the trees. The barks of the trees are thick. ~ Thick barks helps the trees to withstand the cold.

20. ADAPTATION IN PLANTS OF FOREST REGION These plants compete amongst themselves for sunlight. Hence trees grow tall to get sunlight. Climbers and vines grow to a great hight with the support of trees. Spring like tendrils are presenton the stems of some climbers.

21. ” “ ADAPTATION IN GRASSLAND PLANTS Grasses in cold region Grasses in equator region

22. ADAPTATION FOR INJECTION OF FOOD IN PLANTS D o d d e r ( C u s c u t a ) plant Haustorial roots Pitcher plant D r o s er a plant F u n g i Root like fibers of fungi

23. Adaptation in Aquatic Animals ADAPTATION IN ANIMALS 1. Fishes have scales on the skin and fins on the body. 2.Their body tapers towards both its ends, like a spindle. 3.Fish breathe with gills instead of a nose . Their eyes have transparent eyelids. They have air bladders within the body to help them to float. Adaptation in Amphibians Birds like duck and water hen . webbed toes , waxy feathers , use their legs like oars. frog Webbed toes , slippery, smooth skin a t r i a n g u l ar h e a d . W eb b ed ability to breathe toes through the skin in water and using the nose and lungs on land . The typical colours of a frog’s back .

24. Adaptation in grassland animals Carnivorous animals Have strong legs to run fast and capture their prey. They have claws and their canine teeth are sharp and pointed. Tigers have padded paws. This enables them to silently stalk their prey and capture it easily. The eyes are located in the front of their head. It helps them to spot their prey from a long distance. E.g.Wild dog, fox, tiger and lion Herbivores animals The eyes of herbivores are below the forehead, on either side of the head. This gives them wide-angle vision Their legs are long and tapering with strong hooves, which enables them to run fast taking long leaps. Their long and freely moving ears can receive sounds from long distances and different directions. have colours that merge with their surroundings. Their teeth are strong E.g. Deer , blackbucks

25. Adaptation in desert animals • Desert animals have a thick skin to prevent loss of water from the body. Their legs are long with flat and cushioned soles. The nostrils are protected by folds of skin. The eyelashes are long and thick. Rats, snakes ,spiders, lizards in deserts live in deep burrows during daytime and are active at night. Adaptation in animals of snowy regions A white or silver body colour, long, thick hair on the skin

26. Adaptation in aerial animals Birds The spindle-shaped body of birds minimises the resistance of air while flying. Hollow bones, a body covering of feathers modification of forelegs into wings, Body is light in weight and adapted for flying. insects The body is light in weight Tapers at both ends. They can fly with two pairs of wings and also walk with six stick-like legs. Bats - Fly with the help of the patagium , a thinfold of skin between their forelegs and hind leg. P a t a g i u m

27. Adaptation in reptile. Earthworm use hair like structure For creeping. Animals like house lizard, garden lizard, crocodile use their muscles for creeping . They show adaptations in skin, Soles of feet, body colour, etc. For example, the house lizard and monitor lizards have clawed toes and thin soles, Snakes have a scaly skin. Claw of lizard S e t a e S n a k e

28. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING CHART FROM YOUR OWN OBSERVATIONS. Adaptation Animal Use of adaptation Sharp teeth Lion, tiger To tear the flesh Long and pointed beak Short beak Long and sticky tongue Long neck

29. DARWIN’S THEORY OF EVOLUTION Darwin’s first principle . Theory of survival of the fittest . Only those organisms are likely to survive which can best adapt themselves to a changing environment. Darwin’s second principle Theory of natural‘Natural selection ’. If an organism is born with a new beneficial characteristic and is able to survive, this change is preserved in the next generation.

30. Classification of living organisms Classification helps to study and remember all the organisms in this diverse living world at the same time. A hierarchy is formed in the classification that starts with Kingdom further groups and sub-groups are formed depending upon basic similarities and differences.This is called the ' Hierarchy of classification’.

31. Binomial nomenclature by Carl Linnaeus