The method of translation is introduced by Newmark (1998:45). Newmark states, “The important of source language system and culture on the other polar is focusing the importance of target language system and culture”

The method of translation is introduced by Newmark (1998:45). Newmark states, “The important of source language system and culture on the other polar is focusing the importance of target language system and culture”

1. Method s of Translation

2. Introduction The method of translation is introduced by Newmark (1998:45). Newmark states, “The important of source language system and culture on the other polar is focusing the importance of target language system and culture”

3. Method in Translation Newmark (1988:45) Word-for-word translation Literal translation Faithful translation Semantic translation Adaptation Free translation Communicative translation Idiomatic translation

4. 1. Word-for-word translation In which the SL word order is preserved and the words translated singly by their most common meanings, out of context. Examples: Tsu : Look, little guy, you-all shouldn’t be doing that. Tsa : *Lihat, kecil anak, kamu semua harus tidak melakukan ini. Tsu : I like that clever student. Tsa : *Saya menyukai itu pintar anak. Tsu : I will go to New York tomorrow. Tsa : Saya akan pergi ke New York besok. Tsu : Joanne gave me two tickects yesterday. Tsa : Joanne memberi saya dua tiket kemarin.

5. 2. Literal Translation In which the SL grammatical construction are converted to their nearest TL equivalents, but the lexical words are agin translated singly, out of context. Examples: Tsu : Look, little guy, you-all shouldn’t be doing that. Tsa : Lihat, anak kecil, kamu semua seharusnya tidak berbuat seperti itu. Tsu : It’s raining cats and dogs. Tsa : Hujan kucing dan anjing. Tsu : His hearth is in the right place. Tsa : Hatinya berada di tempat yang benar Tsu : The Sooner or the later the weather will change. Tsa : Lebih cepat atau lebih lambat cuaca akan berubah.

6. 3. Faithful Translation It interprets the exact contextual meaning of the original within the constrains of the TL grammatical structures. Tsu : Ben is too well aware that he is naughty. Tsa : Ben menyadari terlalu baik bahwa ia nakal. Tsu : I have quite a few friends. Tsa : Saya mempunyai samasekali tidak banyak teman.

7. 4. Semantic Translation Which differs from ‘ faithful translation’ only in as far as it must take more account of the aesthetic value of the SL text. Example: Tsu : He is a book-worm. Tsa : *Dia (laki-laki) adalah seorang yang suka sekali membaca.

8. 5. Adaption Which is the freest form of translation, and is used mainly for plays (comedies) and poetry; the themes, characters, plots are usually preserved, the SL culture is converted to the TL culture and the text is rewritten . Example: SL :hey, Jude don’t make it bad Take a sad song and make it better Remember to let her into your heart Then you can start to make it better. (Hey Jude-The Beatles, 196) TL : kasih , dimanakah mengapa kau tinggalkan aku Ingat-ingatlah kau padaku Janji setiamu tak kan lupa .

9. 6. Free translation It produces the target language text without the style, form, or content of the original. Example: SL: The flowers in the garden. TL: Bunga-bunga yang tumbuh di kebun .

10. 7. Idiomatic translation It reproduces the 'message' of the original but tends to distort nuances of meaning by preferring colloquialisms and idioms where these do not exist in the original. Examples: I don't have my eye on you = I don’t remember you I don't have my eye on you = I’m already to go

11. 8. Communicative translation This method displays the exact contextual meaning of the original text in a manner where both content and language are easily acceptable and comprehensible to the readers. Example: 1. Tsu : Beware of the dog. Tsa : Awas anjing galak .

12. (Example Text) "Air tenang menghanyutkan .“ Literal meaning: "Still water drowns." Cultural meaning: Someone who seems calm or quiet may hold hidden strengths or dangers. Practical (Application) Records/Data: Translating the proverb using different methods: Word-for-word: "Quiet water carries away." Literal: "Still water drowns." Faithful: "A quiet person may hold hidden power." Semantic: "Still waters run deep." Adaptation: "Don’t judge a book by its cover." Free: "Looks can be deceiving." Idiomatic: "Silent rivers run deep." Communicative: "A calm appearance can hide great strength or danger."