The Nature of Organization ppt

The Nature of Organization by Muhammad Rawaha Saleem

1. The Nature of Organization Muhammad Rawaha Saleem MS Fall 2018 Department of Media & Communication Studies Faculty of Social Sciences International Islamic University Islamabad

2. Introduction & Meaning An organization is a collection of people who work together and coordinate their actions to achieve a wide variety of goals. An organization is born when people began to cooperate and combine together for fulfilling their requirement. Organization fulfil a greater variety of our social and personal needs and affect our lives.

3. Nature of Organization Formal Organization: Is a system of well defined jobs, each bearing a definite measure of authority, responsibility and accountability. Informal Organization: Is a network of Interpersonal Relationship that arises when people associate with one another.

4. Principals of Organization Division of Labour Unity of Command Authority & Responsibility Span of Control

5. Division of Labour Breaking down of jobs into simple & repetitive tasks. Advantages: Repetition Improves performance. Time saving ------------- Disadvantage: Lack of Specialization Not suitable for large scale organization

6. Unity of Command No member of organization should report to more than one superior. An employee is responsible to only one supervisor, who in turn is responsible to only one supervisor, and so on up the organizational hierarchy.

7. Authority & Responsibility Authority is the right inherent in a manager to give orders & be obeyed. Required to coordinate activities in an organization. Can be delegated to subordinates for proper functioning & efficient performance. Responsibility comes with Authority Operating Responsibility: Can be delegated to subordinate Ultimate Responsibility: Cannot be delegated

8. Span of Control Refers to the number of people, the managers control. Difficult to determine the optimum number. Narrow spam leads to many hierarchies and a tall organizational structure. Scalar Principal: Authority & Responsibility should flow in a clear unbroken line from top to bottom. Departmentalization: Breaking down activities into specialized groups

9. Types of organizations Public Sector Organization Private Sector Organization Non-Government (NGO)

10. Public Sector Organizations The public sector is usually comprised of organizations that are owned and operated by the government and exist to provide services for its citizens. Through the process of outsourcing, public sector organizations will often engage private enterprises to deliver goods and services to its citizens.

11. Private sector organization The private sector is the part of a country’s economic system that is run by the individuals and companies, rather than the government. Most of the private organizations are run with the intention of making profit.

12. Non-government organization A non-government organization is a non-profit, citizen-based organization that functions independently of government.

13. Reality of Private organization

14. Types of Organizational structure Flat Organizational Structure Functional Organizational Structure Divisional Organizational Structure Matrix Organizational Structure

15. Flat organizational structure A flat organization has an organizational structure with few or no levels of middle management between staff and executives.

16. Functional Organizational structure Functional Organization is a type of organizational structure that uses the principal of specialization based on function or role.

17. Divisional Organizational structure The structure of divisional organization groups each organizational function into a division. Each division contains all the necessary resources and functions within it.

18. Matrix organizational structure Matrix Management is an organizational structure in which each individual reports to more than one supervisor.