The Philippines under Spanish Regime

Chapter 5 sa Philippines History subject SY 2015-'16

1. The Philippines Under Spanish Colonial Regime

2. AIMS OF SPANISH COLONIZATION THREE G’s God  propagation of Catholic Christianity Gold  economic wealth / acquire riches Glory  to be the greatest empire in the world

3. RECOPILACION DE LEYES DE LAS INDIAS  Laws of the indies  convenient colonial code that is compose of numerous laws in governing the colonies of Spain

4. ON TAXATION I mpose and collect revenue for public purpose One of the laws promulgated by the Indies promulgated by the Spanish crown was to require conquered inhabitants to pay tribute in recognition of the Spanish sovereignty. Before  One family paid tribute amounting to eight reales or one peso. If unmarried one-half tribute In 1589  it was increased to ten reales in 1851  increased to twelve reales in 1884  abolished and was replaced with a personal cedula tax .

5. Reales

6. Bandala  natives were coerced to sell their harvest to the government at very low price.

7. ON FORCED LABOR POLO - the dehumanizing labor where the Spanish government required all male healthy and physically able between AGES 16- 60 to render service for forty days. POLISTAS - the natives who rendered forces labor . FALLA - a fee given to Spaniards to become exempted in rendering labor force.

8. THE TOBACCO MONOPOLY OF BASCO Established by Jose Basco Y Vargas in 1781 the increase in revenues of the government through the cultivation of tobacco. The cultivation of tobacco was confined to NUEVA ECIJA, CAGAYAN VALLEY, MARINDUQUE, AND ILOCOS PROVINCES .

9. The Galleon Trade (Manila- Acapulco)

10. Obras Pias - a Foundation where money from trade was invested and appropriated to be given to charitable institutions.

11. On The Encomiendas The Encomienderos abused their right by way of forcing the natives to pay tribute beyond what the law prescribed. Encomienda  a grant by the Spanish Crown to a colonist conferring the right to demand tribute and forced labor from the inhabitants of an area. TWO KINDS OF Encomienda ROYAL  exclusively owned by the king PRIVATE  owned by private person

12. Economic Retrogression Fathers Pedro Chirino Antonio De Morga

13. The Abolition of Slavery This was considered as one of the administrative accomplishment had done by Spain for the people of the colony. BISHOP DOMINGO SALAZAR

14. On Cultural Development first book in the Philippines, the Doctrina Christiana

15. The early Filipino printers were engravers and at the same time who were trained by Spanish missionaries. Tomas Pinpin

16. Jose Dela Cruz ( Husing Sisiw 1746-1829) Francisco Baltazar (1789-1862 )

17. Felix Resurrection Hidaldo , won a silver medal for his Christian Virgins Exposed Juan Luna received his first gold medal for his Spolarium as their entries for Madrigal Exposition of Fine Arts.

18. On Religion With the help of the soldiers, the missionaries easily conquered territories of the colony and converted the natives to Christianity. The various missionaries who used their religious influence to facilitate the teaching of Gospel and propagation of Catholic Christian faith were the Augustinians (1565) the Franciscans (1577) The Jesuits (1581) the Dominicans (1587) the Recollects (1606).

19. On Social Results The Filipino conversion to Christianity inevitably meant the adoption of fiesta as a socio- religious event celebrating the feast day of the patron saint of the Catholic town as an occasion of thanksgiving for a bountiful harvest and other blessings.

20. On Architecture SAN AGUSTIN CHURCH  oldest church in the Philippines

21. On Education In 1863, the Spanish government enacted and implemented an educational reform primarily designed to improve the state of education throughout the archipelago. The decree provided for the establishment of at least one school for boys and one for girls in every town . The decree also provided for the establishment of a normal school for male teachers under the supervision of the Jesuits and created a commission of eight members headed by the Governor General. University of Santo Tomas - oldest pontifical university in the Philippines founded by Dominicans in 1611 Colegio De San Juan De Letran - founded in 1601 Colegio De Sta. Potentiana - 1589 Colegio De Sta. Isabel- 1632 College of La Concordia- 1869 Assumption Convent- 1892

22. On the Economy The government also allowed foreign investors to establish residence in the Philippines. Spain opened its ports in Manila and other parts of the country. Foreign banking institutions and other lending and credit facilities were open. Roads and bridges were built, shipping lines, inter islands and overseas were improved and communication system were upgraded. The opening of the Philippines to world trade and with the emergence of multifarious forces, e.g., scientific and industrial, economic, social, and political resulted in economic changes and prosperity that improved the quality of life of the Filipinos.

23. POLITICAL SYSTEM Governor General  chief executive of the Philippines CHECKS TO GUBERNATORIAL POWERS Royal Audiencia (Supreme Court) Autos acordados  acts agreed upon by the members of Royal Audiencia Oidor  members Archbishop and the clergy who were influential in the king’s court The complaints which subordinate public offials & private citizens Residencia  trial of an outgoing governor general and other Spanish officials Governor Guido Lavezaris  first Spanish gov. gen. who was subjected to a residencia (1572-75) Visitador  an investigator which the king sent to the colony to investigate conditions in the Philippines

24. ALCADIAS  provinces governed by ALCALDE MAYOR CORREGIMIENTOS  special districts that represents unpacified regions CORREGIDOR  usually an army officer that governs CORREGIMIENTOS PUEBLO  town Gobernadorcillo  petty governor  administrate a pueblo  also known as CAPITAN and his wife CAPITANA TENIETE MAYOR  Chief lieutenant JUEZ DE SEMENTERAS  justice of the fields JUEZ DE GANADOS  justice of cattle JUEZ DE POLICIA  justice of police DIRECTORCILLO  municipal Secretary CABEZA DE BARANGAY  administrate a BARANGAY or barrios AYUNTAMIENTO  city government CABILDO  city council Alcalde (mayor) sRegidores (councilors) Aguacil mayor (chief constable) Escribano (secretary)

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