The Photography in orthodontics seminar.ppt

Clinical orthodontic photography is a vital skill set that every practicing orthodontist should master to be successful at the documentation of case records, patient education, peer presentations, marketing, and at acquiring additional certifications.

1. Clini
cal PHOTOGRAPHY IN ORTHODONTICS
DEPARTMENT OF ORTHODONTICS & DENTOFACIAL
ORTHOPEDICS
GU
IDED BY
:
DR. MEHEDI HASSAN
(ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR)
PRESE
NTED BY
:
DR RAVI RANJAN
PGT 1
ST
YEAR

2. HISTORYHISTORY
One of first photographs taken over 150 yrs ago. was a microscopic
picture of human bone.
Digital photography has been generally available since 1981.

3. WORKING DISTANCE
Working distance is defined as the distance between subject and front of lens.
This value is determined by focal length of lens and required magnification.
WORKING DISTANCE TOO GREAT
The disadvantages are
v
     Small camera movements have great affect on field of view.
v
     High power flash gun must be used which is problematic in case of macro flash.
WORKING DISTANCE TOO SHORT
The disadvantages are
 Hygienic problems
 Uncomfortable for the patient
 Problems in lighting
 Image distortion

4. DEPTH OF FIELD
The distance in front and behind the focusing plane.
 Depth of field depend on aperture and magnification.
Smaller the aperture, greater depth of field .
Standard aperture should be F/16 or F/22.
Small aperture (F32) allows central incisors
to molar in focus

5. LIGHTING - EFFECTS OF LIGHT
The lighting effect is dependent on form of flash reflectors and their
arrangement.
BACKGROUND
Must allow full assessment of profile
Without structure and non reflective
In point flash use illuminated screen as the backdrop or dark non
reflective background.

6. PHOTOGRAPHS TO BE TAKEN IN
CLINICS
Intra oral photographs
The major purpose of intra oral photograph:
To review the hard and soft tissue at clinical examinations.
To record hard and soft tissue condition as they exist before treatment.

7. AMERICAN BOARD OF ORTHODONTICS
Requirements for intra oral photographs:
Quality, standardized intra oral prints in color
Patient dentition oriented accurately in all three planes of space
One frontal view in maximum intercuspation.
Two lateral view right and left.
Optional two occlusal view maxillary and mandibular
Free of distraction - check retractors, labels and fingers
Quality lighting revealing anatomical contours and free of shadows.
Tongue retracted
Free of saliva and / or bubbles
Dentition clean.

8. FRONTAL VIEW (Anterior posterior)
The frontal view is important as it details the appearance of
teeth as seen by patient, parent and general public.
Taken in landscape position with the teeth in occlusion
The reproduction ratio is about 1:1.8
Position of retractors Diagram of
composition
Result

9. BUCCAL VIEWS
 Importance - useful in giving functional detail of malocclusion
 
   
Patient told to close in maximum intercuspation.
 Mirror are always required
 Reproduction ratio of 1:1
Position of retractor
and Mirror
Diagram of
composition
Result

10. OCCLUSAL VIEW: MAXILLARY
Importance - assessing space requirement
 Palatal mirrors - rest on distal aspect of last molars
Photograph taken with mirror require aperture compensation of +1 to
allow more light in.
 Reproduction ratio is 1:2
Position of mirror, retractor
Thumbs hold the upper
lip against retractor
Diagram of
composition
Result

11. OCCLUSAL VIEW: MANDIBULAR
Position of retractors
and mirror, index finger hold the
Lower lip against retractor
Diagram of
composition
Result

12. EXTRA ORAL PHOTOGRAPHS
As for the American board of Orthodontics, requirement are
 
   
Quality, standardized facial photographs either in black and white or color
 
   
Patient head oriented accurately in all three planes of space and in frankfort horizontal plane
 
   
One lateral view, facing to the right; serious expression lips closed tightly
to reveal muscle imbalance and disharmony
 
   
One anterior view serious expression
 
   
Optional one lateral view and or one anterior view with lips apart
 
   
Optional one anterior view, smiling
 
   
Background free distractions
 
   
Quality lighting revealing with no shadows in background
 
   
Ear exposed for purpose of orientation
 
   
Eye open and looking straight ahead: glasses removed.

13. FRONTAL VIEW
Three types of frontal photographs must be taken
1. Frontal at rest
2. Frontal dynamic (smile)
3. A close up image of posed smile
At rest
Smile
Close up

14. PROFILE VIEWS
Importance
Profile can change during orthodontic treatment. Therefore it is very important to have
profile views both before and after treatment.
Usually only one profile (the patients right profile to match up with lateral
cephalogram and tracing) is taken
For patient with facial asymmetries both right and left profile should be taken
Light always from point of noseProfile view

15. THREE-QUATER VIEW
•Useful in examination of midface deformities, in surgery of jaw, prosthetics
•Potraits are taken in which the sagittal plane of patient and optical axis of camera are
approximately 45
o
to each other

16. CONCLUSION
Good quality accurate clinical photographs can be obtained by correct
equipment and trained staff.
Awareness of possible errors in intra and extra oral photography increases
chances of good images.

17. REFERENCES
Orthodontics diagnosis & management of malocclusion & dentofacial
deformities, 3
rd
edition- Om P. Kharbanda
Sreesan NS, Purushothaman B, Rahul CS, Shafanath T, Fawaz V. Clinical
Photography in Orthodontics. Int J Oral Health Med Res 2016;3(2):71-75.
A Short Guide to Clinical Digital Photography in Orthodontics ShadiS
Samawi BDS, MMedSci, MOrthRCS.
Sandler, J. and Murray, A.: Digital photography in orthodontics, J. Orthod.
28:197-201, 2001.