The present perfect REVIEW using for/ since and some other important words

REVIEW PRESENT PERFECT

1. PRESENT PERFECT PRESENT PERFECT
TENSETENSE
( P.P.T.)( P.P.T.)

2. Present Perfect Tense
FORM: have / has + past participle
Affirmative: I have seen the film before.
She has seen the film before.
Interrogative: Have you seen the film before?
Has she seen the film before?
Negative: They haven’t seen the film before.
He hasn’t seen the film before.

3. The formula of P.P.T. is this :
Have ______________
Has Past participle
+
They have been to N.Y.
She has eaten frog´s leg.
You haven’t studied a lot.

4. past participle
•see saw seen
•buy bought bought
•go went gone
•eat ate eaten
•come came come
•swim swam swum

5. Contracted forms
•I’ve
•You’ve
•He’s
•She’s seen a ghost
•it’s
•We’ve
•They’ve

6. Interrogative form
•You have traveled to Japan twice. (aff)
•Have you traveled to Japan
twice?
(interrogative)

7. Have you traveled to Japan
twice?
•Yes, I have.
•No, I haven’t.

8. Negative form
•I have visited the Taj Mahal.
•I have .... visited the Taj Mahal.
•I have NOT visited the Taj Mahal.
•I haven’t seen you for weeks !
•He hasn’t arrived home.

9. 1- Recent events: It is used to describe recent events without
a definite time. The idea of time or place in the speaker’s
mind makes the event recent. A time expression may
emphasize recentness: just, recently, lately
Uses of the present perfectUses of the present perfect
Why are they so happy?
They have just won a prize so
they are really pleased

10. JUSTJUST
I have just finished my exercise.
He has just had lunch.

11. 2- Personal experiences: It is used to express personal
experiences, there is not a definite time given. The time
expressions ever and never are very often used with this
meaning

I have never been to Japan.
Have you ever been there?

12. 3- It is used to express actions that started in the past and
continue to the present, the time period is not finished. We
use for and since with this meaning. We use for with
periods of time and since with points of time.
I haven’t eaten since yesterday
morning. I am really hungry
I haven’t drunk anything for two
days. I am terribly thirsty

13. Indefinite time
•We use PPT to indicate an action that
happened in the past but we don’t know
exactly when. ( indefinitive time ). The verb
in Portuguese is in the past .
•Eg.:
• He has bought a car. ( When ? )
• They have been to Europe. ( When ? )

14. Indefinite TimeIndefinite Time
I have been to New York.
( When ?? )
She has eaten frog´s leg.
( When ?? )

15. An action started in the past
•We use PPT to indicate an action that began
in the past and continues up to the present.
(the verb in Portuguese is in the present).
•Eg.:
• I’ve lived in Limeira for three years.
• She has studied English since
January.

16. •I have worked here since last year.
( How long? )
•She has played tennis for 10 years.
( How long? )

17. SINCESINCE
FORFOR
I have studied here since 1.999.
I have studied here for 5 years.

18. PRESENT PERFECT + PRESENT PERFECT + for, sincefor, since
Using the present perfect, we can define a
period of time before now by considering its
starting point, with since + a point in time.
Since + a point in time:
since this morning, since last week,
since yesterday,since I was a child,
since Wednesday, since 2 o'clock.

19. SINCE
I’ve ridden a bike since I was a child.
I’ve ridden a bike since I was 12.

20. •She has lived here since 1980.
•We have taught at this school since 1965.
•Alice has been married since March 2nd.
•They have been at the hotel since last week.

21. Using the present perfect, we can
define a period of time before
now by considering its duration,
with for + a period of time.
For + a period of time:
for six years, for a week, for a
month, for hours, for two hours.

22. FOR
They’ve been married for 1 year.
They’ve dated for 3 years.

23. • She has lived here for twenty years.
• We have taught at this school for a long
time.
•Alice has been married for three months.
• They have been at the hotel for a week.

24. •Note:
• For and since can both be used
with the past perfect.
• Since can only be used with
perfect tenses, for can also be
used with the simple past

25. I’VE STUDIED ENGLISH SINCE...
FOR....

26. I went to school this morning.
I have gone to school this morning.
Which one is correct?
?

27. BOTH are correct !!
I went to school this morning.
( now is more than midday, the morning has
already finished !!)
I have gone to school this morning.
( now is still morning, it hasn’t finished yet !!)

28. J ust
E ver
A lready
N ever
S ince
F or
Y et
Pay attention to
these words :

29. YETYET
Have you taken a shower yet ?
No, I haven’t taken it yet.
INTERROGATIVE
YET
NEGATIVE

30. YET
•We use yet to show that the speaker is
expecting something to happen. Use yet only
in questions and negative sentences.
• Has it stopped raining yet ?
• Have you finished the homework yet ?
• I’ve written the letter but I haven’t
posted it yet.

31. ALREADYALREADY
I have already taken a shower.
AFFIRMATIVE
ALREADY
INTERROGATIVE

32. ALREADY
•We use already to say that something
happened sooner than expected.
• Don’t forget to post the letter ! I’ve
already posted it.
• What time is Mark leaving ?
He’s already gone.

33. AlreadyAlready refers to an action that has
happened at an unspecified time before
now. It suggests that there is no need for
repetition.
I've alreadyalready drunk three coffees this
morning.(and you're offering me another
one!)
Don't write to John, I've alreadyalready done it.

34. It is also used in questions:
•Have you alreadyalready written to John?
• Has she finished her homework alreadyalready?
Position:
alreadyalready can be placed before the main verb
(past participle) or at the end of the sentence:
• I have alreadyalready been to Tokyo.
• I have been to Tokyo alreadyalready.

35. YetYet is used in negative statements and
questions, to mean (not) in the period of time
between before now and now, (not) up to and
including the present.
• Have you met Judy yetyet?
•I haven't visited the Tate Gallery yetyet.
• Has he arrived yetyet?
•They haven't eaten yetyet.
Position:
YetYet is usually placed at the end of the sentence.

36. Have you alreadyalready eaten lobster?
No, I haven’t eaten it yetyet.
Have you eaten shrimp yetyet?
Yes, I have alreadyalready eaten it.
MD

37. EVEREVER
NEVERNEVER
Have you ever ridden a horse?
I have never ridden a horse.

38. EVER AND NEVER
•Have you ever studied German? No, I’ve
never studied German.
•Has she ever been to the USA ? No, she
has never been to the USA

39. Have you ever seen a witch?
No, I haven’t.
I’ve never seen a witch.

40. Have you ever sung in a choir?
Yes, I have.

41. The adverbs ever and never express the idea
of an unidentified time before now

Have you ever visited Berlin?
'Ever' is used
a. in questions.
Have you ever been to England?
Has she ever met the Prime Minister?

42. b. in negative questions
Haven't they ever been to Europe?
Haven't you ever eaten Chinese food?
c. and in negative statements using the
pattern nothing.......ever, nobody.......ever
Nobody has ever said that to me before.
Nothing like this has ever happened to us.
d. 'Ever' is also used with 'The first time....
It's the first time (that) I've ever eaten snails.
This is the first time I've ever been to England.

43. 'Never' means at no time before now, and is the same
as not ..... ever:
I have never visited Berlin
BE CAREFUL!
You must not use never and not together:
I haven't never been to Italy.
I have never been to Italy.
Ever and Never are always placed before
the main verb ( past participle )

44. And there are more words...
Lately / Recently / for a while
I haven’t seen him lately.
She has practiced tennis recently.
You haven’t tried it for a while.

45. ... and more ,
Once / twice / 3 times / 4 times / etc.
We have fought once.
He has traveled to Chicago twice.
I have had a cold 3 times this year.

46. Have you ever eaten PRETZELS ?
•No. I’ve never eaten
pretzels.
•Yes, I have already
eaten pretzels.
•No, I haven’t eaten
pretzels. yet.
•Yes, I have just eaten
pretzels.

48. To fail - failed - failed

49. To dance - danced - danced
ballet

50. To drive - drove - driven

51. To have - had - had

52. To fly - flew - flown

53. To receive - d - d
a love letter

54. Chess set
To have - had - had

55. wallet
To find - found - found

56. To lose - lost - lost
Something valuable

57. Let’s practice
•I have ________ some muffins.
(eaten/ate)

58. •They have ________ a nice
cocktail.
(drunk/drank)

59. •Mr Jones has ______ nice
book.
(read/readen)

60. •We’ve _________ to the circus.
(gone/went)

61. •He’s _________ under the tree.
(slept/sleeps)

62. •Have you ______ seen a mummy?
(ever/yet)
•I’ve ______ eaten snails.
•(never/ever)
•Doug has _______ had his breakfast.
(already/yet)

63. •Have you finished your work ______?
(already/yet)
•Have you _______ called Susan?
(already/yet)
•Jack has ______ gone to work. (just/yet)

64. Make up sentences...
•NEVER

65. •ALREADY - AFF.

66. •EVER

67. •NEVER

68. Simple Past Simple Past

or or

Present Present
PerfectPerfect

69. •Simple Past
Completed events
at a definite time
in the past:
•Yesterday
•Last Saturday
•Last night
•Last weekend/week
•Last month
•Last semester
•Last year
•Present Perfect
Events with a time
period up to the
present:
•This weekend/week
•This month
•This year
•Recently
•Lately
•Today
•Once/twice/three
times

70. Compare these sentences

71. •Have you ever had a
picnic with
friends ?
•Did you have a
picnic last
weekend ?

72. •Have you ever
eaten snails ?
•Did you eat snails
last night ?

73. Have you ever tried seafood ?
Did you eat seafood yesterday ?

74. Have you ever eaten frog’s leg ?
Did you eat frog’s leg last week ?

75. Have you ever had dinner at the
restaurant with a friend ?
Did you have dinner at the
restaurant last night ?

76. Have you ever tried snails ?
Did you try snails last weekend ?

77. Have you ever visited New York ?
Did you visit New York last year ?

78. Have you ever eaten an
American breakfast ?
Did you eat an American
breakfast in Los
Angeles last vacation ?

79. •Have you ever kissed
someone in public ?
•Did you kiss someone
in public last
weekend ?

80. •Have you ever been
to a drive-in movie ?
•Did you go to a
drive-in movie last
Saturday ?

81. •Have you ever
driven an old car ?
•Did you drive an old
car last month ?

82. Let’s PracticeLet’s Practice

83. Use: Present Perfect
•Have you ever had
an American
breakfast ?
•Have you ever had
eggs and bacon for
breakfast ?

84. Use: Simple Past
•Did you visit Rio de
Janeiro last year ?
•Did you travel to Rio
on your last
vacation ?

85. Use: Present Perfect
• Have you ever
played a musical
instrument ?

86. Use: Present Perfect
and Simple Past
•Have you ever
been to Rome ?
•Did you visit
Rome on your
last vacation ?

87. Use: Simple Past
•Did you have a
barbecue at home
last holiday ?

88. Use: Present Perfect
•Have you ever fried an egg ?

89. Use: Simple Past
•Did you drive your
father’s car yesterday ?

90. Use: Present Perfect
•Have you ever
traveled by plane ?

91. Write down the sentences. Use present perfect.
Example:
Snoopy / climb / onto his house.
Snoopy has climbed onto his house.
1 Brian / play / football
2 Susan / read / her new book
3 I / find / some money in the street
4 Mr and Mrs Baker / have / an accident

92. 5 Tom Davis / win / the volleyball match
6 Alison Brown / lose / the swimming match
7 Mr Martin / make / breakfast for the boys
8 The girls / bring / some wood for the fire
9 The Snows / buy / a van for their holidays
10 Mrs Black / wash / the dishes

93. SIMPLE PASTSIMPLE PAST
OROR
PRESENT PERFECTPRESENT PERFECT
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

94. 1. I ______________a great film yesterday. (see)
2. ________________a new car? (you ever buy)
3. Sue ______________the flu last winter. (have)
4. A few days ago we ______to his uncle. (drive)
5. They ____ bingo Wednesday afternoon. (play)
6. _________the bus to get there. (already take)
7. Last week my rabbit ___________away. (run)

95. EXERCISES P.P.T.
SINCE - FOR

96. 1 I haven't been to Italy____________ 10 years.
2 She has lived in Paris _____________January.
3 Jim has studied__________ three hours. Now he
is tired.
4 My friend has been ill __________a long time.
5 I haven't seen him____________ Easter.
6 He hasn't had a holiday __________last summer.

97. 7 The pilots have been on strike___ two months.
8 We've had terrible weather ________Saturday.
9 I've known Tom __________1990.
10 He hasn't done any work _________a month.
11 We have had this car _________1998.
12 We have been here __________ two hours.

98. SITESSITES
•http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/
grammar/pres_perf.htm
•http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/
presentperfect.html
•http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/
2527/presentperfect.html
•http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/
grammar/present-perfect-simple

99. •http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/
330/grammar/prperf1.htm
•http://www.learnenglish.be/
EX_gram2_prpe.htm
•http://www.eclecticenglish.com/grammar/
PresentPerfect1A.html
•http://www.english-4u.de/
grammar_exercises.htm