The Primary role of functional matrices in facial growth- Moss (Ajodo1969)

In the facial skull, this matrix is the functioning space of the oronasopharyngeal cavity. ... They do so by altering the volume of the capsules within which the functional cranial components are embedded. The effect of such growth changes is to cause a passive translation of these cranial components in space.

1. JOURNAL CLUB ON The primary role of functional matrices in facial growth - Melvin L. Moss(1969) Presented by, Dr. Mahipal Singh JUNIOR RESIDENT DEPARTMENT OF ORTHODONTICS & DENTOFACIAL ORTHOPAEDICS GOVT . DENTAL COLLEGE, KOTTAYAM

2. Introduction of Author Dr Melvin L. Moss (1923 – June 26, 2006). He created the functional matrix hypothesis which is often used in the specialty of orthodontics . This theory was introduced in 1962 as a chapter in one of the dental textbooks named “Vistas in Orthodontics”. Source-Melvin L. Moss and the functional matrix L Moss- Salentijn Dent Res . 1997 Dec;76(12):1814-7.

3. Introduction It based on the original concept of functional cranial component of “ Vanderklaaus ”. Melvin L. Moss introduced the concept of “functional matrices” in 1968. It attempts to understend the relationship between form and function .

4. Functional cranial analysis The head is a structure designed to carry out functions like respiration, oflaction , vision ,hearing ,balance, speech etc. Each of function are carried out by certain tissues and spaces in the head. The tissues and spaces responsible for a single function have been termed a functional cranial component .

5. Functional Matrix It consist of muscles, glands, nerves, vessels, fat and the functioning spaces. Teeth are also a functional matrix. Most orthodontic therapy is based firmly on the fact that when this functional matrix grow or is moved and related skeletal unit responds appropriately to this morphogenetically primary demand.

6. Periosteal matrices The periosteal matrix act directly and actively upon their related skeletal unit through periosteum. Muscle attached to periosteum, glands, nerve, blood vessels are example for this matrix. The functional cranial components consisting to temporalis muscle and the coronid process.( Ponit 1)

7. The dependence of the coronoid process(skeletal unit) upon the demands of its functional matrix(temporalis muscle) is shown in these alteration in size and shape following unilateral muscle reaction.

8. Alteration in the functional demand of periosteal matrices produces 2 degree compensatory transformation of the size and shape of their related skeletal units, brought about by bone deposition or bone resorption. Periosteal functional matrix affects deposition and resorption of adjacent bony tissue therefore the matrix controls remodelling and the size and shape of a bone. Transmission in size and shape of bone by deposition and resorption is by periosteal matrix.

9. Capsular matrices It acts indirectly and passively on their related skeletal units producing a secondary compensatory translation in space. These alterations in spatial position of skeletal units are brought about by the expansion of enveloping capsule. For example Oro-facial capsule Neuro - cranial capsule(cerebral capsule).

10. Neuro -cranial capsule The neuro-cranial capsule surrounds and protect the neuro-cranal capsular functional matrix which is the brain, leptomeninges and CSF. Neurocranial capsule is made of skin, C.T, aponeurotic layer, loose areolar tissue, periosteum(SCALP), base of the skull and 2 layer of duramater .

11. The expansion of the neurocranial capsule is always proportional to the increase in neural mass. Increase in intracranial pressure effectively obliterates vascular flow within the capsule and so prevents periosteal accretion of bone at sutural areas. Similarly inhibited is the growth of periosteal matrices which normally produce the increasing differentiation of the inner and outer tables and of the diploic space. The neural skull does not grow first and thus provide space for the secondary expansion of the neural mass. The facial skeletal units are passively and secondarily moved in space as their enveloping facial capsule is expanded. This kind of translative growth is not brought about by deposition and resorption.

12. Orofacial matrices All functional cranial components of the facial skull arise, grow, and are maintained within an orofacial capsule. This capsule Surrounds and protects the oronasopharyngeal functioning spaces. It is the volumetric growth of these spaces which is the primary morphogenetic event in facial skull growth.

13. Bosma (1963) believe that “ a recent concept is the development of head and neck posture about pharyngeal airway” and that the related functional cranial components are so dynamically balanced that airway is maintained throughout the range of motion of the head and neck.

14. The orofacial capsular matrix come into being in those embryonic stages during the several facial processes arise. The presumative oronasal space had no more than a stomodeal member to mark. Its future point of junction with the pharyngeal space developing caudally to this membrane. Rupture of the stomodeal membrane joins the endodermally enclosed pharyngeal space to the common oronasal volume. The formation of first the primitive and then the secondary palate serves only to subdivide the nasal and oral portions of this same facial functioning space.

15. Mandibular growth Mandibular cartilage are not primary site of mandible. THIS FIGURE IS ILLUSTRATED IN MOSS AND RANKOW(1968)

16. They observe two positions of the earliest outline. The vertical and anteroposterior difference between these two earlier tracings is the result of capsular growth, that is, of spatial translation. T he difference between the lowermost of these younger tracings and the oldest tracing is the result of the changes in form brought about by the activity of periosteal matrices that is by deposition and resorption of bone tissue.

17. Summary The fundamental postulates of the method of functional cranial analysis is given with particular emphasis on the definition of the functional matrix. Two basic types of such matrices-periosteal and capsular describe. Cranial growth is a combination of the morphogenetically primary activity of both types of matrix. Growth is accomplished by both spatial translation and charges in form.

18. In this article moss tried to explain the functional matrix theory in a more details and at microscopic level and velidate functional matrix . He tried to bridge the gap between hierarchical constraints and explained the operation from genome to organ level.

19. In this article he explain structural and operational characteristics of such biologic networks are outlined and their specific bone cell attributes described. Specifically, bone is "tuned" to the precise frequencies of skeletal muscle activity.

20. This article traces the development of competing concepts and theories of craniofacial development and growth and relates those theories to concomitant developments in the field of genetics.

21. Orthodontic or orthopedic procedures are often used to modify the growth pattern in a growing patient

22. THANK YOU