The production of speech

1. The Production of Speech

2. An airstream initiated by the lungs is known as pulmonic . Egressive Pulmonic Airstream Mechanism Produce speech sound

3. AIR (pushed out) Vocal cord THROAT i nto MOUTH and NOSE LUNG o ut of the body Egressive pulmonic airstream

4. The Vocal Tract

5. tube that starts above the larynx and ends behind the root of the tongue. Can be seen when the mouth is opened Pharynx

6. Soft part of the mouth (can feel it if lift the tongue backwards and upwards) Velum or Soft palate

7. ‘Roof of the mouth’ Can feel its smooth curved with the tongue Palatal /j/ is produced. Hard Palate

8. Located directly behind the top front teeth. Its surface is covered with little ridges. Alveolar sounds = /t/ and /d/ Alveolar Ridge

9. Very important and flexible articulator Tongue

10. Lined round the upper and lower sides of the mouth(back almost to the soft palate) are produced when the tongue in the contact with the upper teeth Dental sound = / 𝜽/ and / ð / Teeth

11. The lips can be pressed together and released suddenly / p/ and /b/ or rounded Vowel /u:/ Lips

12. Larynx Jaws Nose and Nasal Cavity

13. Known as Adam’s apple or voice box Located in the larynx are the vocal cords (control the passage of air to and from lung) The vibration of the larynx when to produce voiced sound /z/ Larynx

14. The movement of the jaws (the lower one) helps a lot in speaking Are not articulators as the same way as others (cannot make contact with other articulators) Jaws

15. Important part of vocal apparatus of making sound (nasal consonants /m/,/n/) Are not moveable so cannot be considered as articulators. Nose and Nasal Cavity