The Progressive Era

The Progressive Era Chapter 9

1. Chapter 9

2. Ch. 9.1 Key Questions
•-Define the Progressive Era, why it started and
it goals.
•-What is prohibition? Why did people want
prohibition to come about? What tactics were
used to bring about prohibition?
•-Describe the impact aid organizations had on
our country.
•-What did the 18th Amendment do and why did
people want it?

3. •-What is socialism? How was it started in the
United States?
•-What/who were muckrakers and what impact
did they have on our country?
•-What did local government do to reform itself
during the Progressive Era?
•-What did businesses do to bring better
efficiency to their business?
•-What did the progressives do to make the
workplace safer?
•-What did the progressives do to help end or
reduce child labor?

4. •-What did progressives do to help workers
reduce the number of hours they had to work?
•-What did progressives do to bring about better
wages for workers?
•-What did progressives do to make our country
more democratic?
•-What did the 17th Amendment do?

5. Four Goals of Progressivism
1.Protecting social welfare
2.Promoting moral improvement
3.Creating economic reform
4.Fostering efficiency

6. 1. Protecting Social Welfare
•Set up settlement houses for poor
•Opened libraries
•Sponsored education classes
•Opened swimming pools
•Set up soup kitchens
•Slum brigades—teach immigrants

7. Early YMCA Ballers

9. 2. Promoting Moral Improvement
•Prohibition
•Carrie Nation
•Why ban alcohol?
•Women’s Suffrage

10. WCTU
•What does this stand for?
–Woman’s Christian Temperance Union
•Spearheaded the crusade for prohibition
•What did these women do?
–Entered saloons and protested
–Would sing and pray in the saloons
–Urged bartenders to quit selling liquor
•The WCTU grew from a small, Midwestern
group to a national organization consisting
of 245,000 members by 1911

14. 3. Creating Economic Reform
•There was a major unbalance in income
and how people lived
•Many turned to “socialism”
•Regulation of railroads
•Regulation of business(Sherman Act)
•Child labor laws
•Women and men working hours reduced
•Workmen’s compensation

15. Capitalism
•Economic System
•The means of
production are
privately owned
•People own and
control business’
•Chance to go from
poor to rich
•Laissez-Faire
–Hands Off

16. Socialism
•Social or Economic system
•Property and distribution of
wealth are determined by
the Government
•Government owns and
controls business’
•Elimination of private
property, everyone is
equal
•Karl Marx 
–Leading figure
–Father of Communism

17. American Socialist Party
•Founded in 1901
•Its prominent leader
was Eugene V. Debs
•In the early 1900’s,
the party had
numerous elected
officials in office
•Debs ran for
president 5 times
unsuccessfully

18. •“Competition is natural enough at one time, but do
you think you are competing today? Many of you
think you are competing. Against whom? Against
oil magnate John D. Rockefeller? About as I
would if I had a wheelbarrow and competed with
the Santa Fe Railroad from here to Kansas City!”

20. Muckrakers
•Muckrakers played a big role in bringing
reform
•Investigative journalists
•Exposed the problems of society
•Upton Sinclair—The Jungle-meatpacking
•Ida Tarbell—Exposed the ruthless methods of
the Standard Oil Company
•Lincoln Steffens-exposed corruption in gov’t

21. Sinclair, Tarbell and Steffens-
Muckrakers

22. 4. Fostering Efficiency
•Scientific management to increase
efficiency was used in factories
•Frederick Taylor—Time Management
studies
•Assembly line
•Henry Ford paid workers $5 a day!!
•Progressives also worked for better
efficiency in all levels of government

27. Limiting Working Hours
•Many states enforced
a 10 hour work day
for both men and
women
•Progressives also
succeeded in winning
workers’
compensation for
family members of
hurt or killed workers
–What is worker’s
comp.?
–Is it still around today?

28. Reforming Elections
•States adopt secret ballot
•Direct Primary
•Initiative-a bill originated by the people
rather than lawmakers
•Referendum- when voters accept or reject
the initiative (bill)
•Recall- enabled voters to remove public
officials from elected positions
•17
th
and 19
th
Amendments
–What did these seven aim at doing????

29. Direct Election of Senators
•17
th
Amendment
•1913
•Direct election of U.S. Senators
•What does this mean?
•Who are our Senators?

30. Charles Grassley-R

31. Joni Ernst-R

32. Ch. 9.2 Key Questions
•-Describe the major social changes that
affected women during the Progressive Era.
•-Describe women's push for suffrage(voting)
and the passing of the 19th Amendment.
•-Describe some women who were leaders in
the push for suffrage and temperance.

33. Women’s Role in Progressive Era
•Many more women were getting an education
•Many became teachers
•Help push for the passing of the 18
th
and 19
th

Amendments to the US Constitution
-Prohibition
-Women’s Suffrage

34. The Push for Equality
•1848-Seneca Falls Declaration: Plea for the
end of discrimination against women in all
spheres of society, including the right to vote
•Women in the mid-late 1800’s and early 1900’s
pushed for four things:
1.Abolition of slavery(13
th
Amendment-1865)
2.Temperance(18
th
Amendment-1920)
3.Women’s suffrage(19
th
Amendment-1920)
4.Child Labor laws

35. The Seneca Falls Women’s Rights
Convention, 1848

36. Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton

37. This image made the point that, in being
denied the vote, respectable, accomplished
women were reduced to the level of the
disenfranchised outcasts of society.
Both Susan B.
Anthony and Elizabeth
Cady Stanton were
furious that Congress
had given the vote to
black men but denied
it to women.

38. National American Woman Suffrage Association
(NAWSA) led by Anthony and Stanton.

42. •World War I
interrupted the
campaign for woman
suffrage.
•Women took the
men’s jobs in WWI
showing the country
that they could do
hard work
World War I(1917-1918)

43. Jeannette Rankin
•Worked to win
suffrage in
Washington state.
•Was elected the first
woman in Congress
in 1916.
•Voted against war in
WWI and WWII(only
vote)

44. Finally, on Aug. 20, 1920, the 19
th

Amendment became part of the United
States Constitution when Tennessee
became the 36
th
state to ratify it.

45. 19
th
Amendment
“The right of citizens of the United States to
vote shall not be denied or abridged by
the United States or by any State on
account of sex. Congress shall have
power to enforce this article by appropriate
legislation.”
•It was ratified on August 18
th
, 1920.

46. Ch. 9.3 Key Topics
•-Describe the major accomplishments of
Teddy Roosevelt as President.
•-Square Deal
•-Breaking up strikes
•-Regulating railroads
•-Regulating food and drugs
•-Conservation
•-Policy towards African-Americans

47. Teddy Roosevelt-TR
•Born into a wealthy
family-1858
•Had asthma as a child-
sickly
•As a teen became a
marksmen and learned
to ride horses
•Went to Harvard
•Boxed and wrestled at
Harvard
•Served in the New York
State Assembly from
1882-1884

48. •Served as US Civil Service
Commissioner from 1889-
1895
•Commissioner of the New
York City Police from 1895-
1897
•Assistant Secretary of the
Navy from 1897-1898
•Fought in the Spanish-
American War in 1898 as
leader of the “Rough Riders”

50. •Governor of New York
1898-1900
•Vice-President of the US
in 1901
•Served as President
from 1901-1909
•Wrote many history
books
•Owned and ran a ranch
in the Dakota Territory
•Avid hunter-African
Safaris

54. Teddy Bear

57. Accomplishments as President
•Used his personality, popularity and power of
persuasion to get what he wanted
•Believed that the federal government was
there to help common people
•Wanted to give everyone a “Square Deal”
•Used the “bully pulpit” to influence media and
help pass laws

58. •TR was the “trustbuster”
•“good trusts” vs “bad trusts”
•Helped settle the 1902 Coal strike in
which miners got better pay and a
nine hour workday
•Passed the Elkins Act(1903-no
rebates) and Hepburn Act(1906-ICC
set max RR rates) which required
railroads to be fair and just in their
prices and practices

61. •Passed the Meat Inspection Act-1906
•Passed the Pure Food and Drug Act-
1906
•Newlands Act-1902-sold western land
and made dams which allowed for
irrigation
•Conservation
•Did not do much for African-Americans

62. Conservation Measures
•Roosevelt condemned view that our “resources were
endless”
•T.R. set aside 148 million acres of forest reserves
•1.5 million acres of water-power sites
•Established 50 wildlife sanctuaries and several
national parks
•Conservation- planned management of natural
resources, involving the protection of some wilderness
areas and the development of others

64. Theodore Roosevelt National Park—Badlands, N.D.

66. Ch. 9.4 Key Topics
•-Describe the major accomplishments and
problems of William Howard Taft's presidency
•-Payne-Aldrich Tariff
•-Land disputes
•-Breaking up trusts
•-16th Amendment
•-Policy towards African-Americans
•-Break-up of the Republican Party
•-Describe the outcome of the 1912 Presidential
Election.

67. Willam Jennings Bryan vs William
Howard Taft-1908 Election

68. 1908 Election Taft v. Bryan

69. William Howard Taft
•Born September 15, 1857 in Cincinnati, OH
•Attended Yale College: New Haven, CT
•Lawyer then Secretary of War
•Never aimed at being president
•After his presidency he was a Professor at Yale
Law School
•1921, became Chief Justice of the Supreme
Court, which was his career goal
•Only president to ever serve as Chief Justice
•Only president to hold public office after leaving
the White House

71. •“When I am
addressed as ‘Mr.
President,’ I turn to
see whether you are
not at my elbow.” –
W.H. Taft
•Taft never really felt
like he was the
president; always in
Roosevelt’s shadow

72. Taft’s Accomplishments
•Passed the Payne-Aldrich Tariff which
reduced tariffs
•Used Dollar Diplomacy when dealing with
other countries-US would use the military
and diplomacy to help promote U.S.
business interests overseas.
•Broke up many trusts including the
Standard Oil Company in 1911
•16
th
Amendment Passed

73. Standard Oil Today
•Standard Oil of Ohio became BP.
•Standard Oil of New Jersey became Exxon
Mobil.
•Continental Oil became ConocoPhillips.
•Ohio Oil Company became Marathon Oil.
•Standard Oil Company of California became
Chevron.
•Link
•

75. •If Rockefeller were alive
today, his estimated
wealth would be $660
billion in today’s money
•This is 6-7 times that of
Warren Buffet(72.7 b)
and Bill Gates($79.2 b),
currently the two richest
men in the world.

76. Federal Income Tax
•16
th
Amendment passed
2-3-13
•Legalized a graduated
federal income tax
•Provided $$ to the
GOV’T by taxing
individual earnings and
corporate profits

77. Why was Taft Not Well Liked?
•Not as energetic and well liked as Roosevelt
•Not good at using the “Bully Pulpit”
•Promised to lower tariffs but actually increased many
with the Payne-Aldrich Tariff upsetting progressives
•Appointed wealthy lawyer Richard Ballinger to
Secretary of the Interior who removed land TR set
aside for conservation
•Supported Speaker of the House Joe Cannon who
was anti-progressive

78. “Uncle” Joe Cannon

79. Republican Party Split
•Due to these problems with Taft, the
Republicans split into old-guard republicans
and progressive republicans
•TR did not get the Republican nomination so he
decided to run as a third party candidate in the
Progressive Party(Bull Moose Party)
•Why would this split guarantee a democrat
win?

81. Teddy Roosevelt-Progressive

82. Bull-Moose Platform
•Direct Election of Senators
•Initiative, Referendum,
Recall in all states
•Woman Suffrage
•Worker’s Compensation
•8 hour workday
•Minimum wage for women
•Federal Law against child
labor

83. William Howard Taft-Republicans

84. Woodrow Wilson-Democrats

85. Eugene V. Debs-Socialist

86. It Gets Nasty!!
•During the campaign before the election,
both Roosevelt & Taft take shots at each
other
•Taft called T.R. a “dangerous egotist”
•Roosevelt branded Taft as “Fat Head with
the brain of a guinea pig”
•Wilson’s quote: “Don’t interfere when your
enemy is destroying himself”

90. 1912 Election

91. Election of 1912
•Election offered several choices:
–Wilson’s New Freedom
–Taft’s Conservatism
–Roosevelt’s Progressivism
–Debs’ Socialism
•Republican Split gives Wilson the presidency
•Republican voters split between Taft & Roosevelt
•Democrats voted for Wilson
•Wilson only received 42% of the popular vote, but won
435 electoral votes
•Roosevelt finished 2
nd
with 4.1 million votes

92. Ch. 9.5 Key Topics
•-Describe the major accomplishments/issues of
Woodrow as President.
•-Clayton Anti-Trust Act
•-Federal Trade Commission Act/Commission
•-Federal Farm Loan Act
•-Underwood Tariff
•-Federal Reserve Act
•-Keating–Owen Act
•-Adamson Act
•-US Neutrality in WWI
•-Policy towards African-Americans

93. Woodrow Wilson’s New Freedom

94. Wilson’s Background
•Grew up in the South
after the Civil War &
Reconstruction
•Son, Grandson, and
Nephew of Presbyterian
Ministers—strict
upbringing
•Before entering politics,
Wilson worked as:
–Lawyer
–History Professor
–President of Princeton
University
–Governor of N.J.

95. Wilson’s Accomplishments
•Passed Clayton Anti-Trust Act(1914)
–Could break up monopolies
-Labor Unions were given the right to exist
-Strikes, boycotts, picketing etc. became
legal
•Federal Trade Commission was established in
1914
–Investigated companies for monopolistic practices

96. Federal Reserve System
•America needed stronger banks
•Federal Reserve Act of 1913
•Divided the nation into 12 districts  regional
central bank in each district
•“Bankers Bank”
•Federal Reserve banks could issue new paper
money in emergency situations
•Also, helped with giving out loan $$
•Banks within the system helped others from
closing due to lack of money

98. Federal Reserve System
•Controls the U.S. money supply and the
availability of credit in the country
•One of President Wilson’s most enduring
achievements
•We use this same system today as the
basis of the nation’s banking system

99. •17
th
, 18
th
and 19
th
Amendments were passed during
his term
–Direct election of senators(1913)
–Prohibition(1919)
–Women’s Vote(1920)
*Keating Owen Act-First federal act fighting child labor
*Adamson Act-Set up an 8 hour workday
*African-Americans were for the most part ignored by
Roosevelt, Taft, Wilson and the Progressive Movement
*Wilson reinstated segregation in Washington D.C. and also
started segregation in the US military.

101. The Twilight of Progressivism
•Roosevelt, Taft, and the early part of
Wilson’s presidencies marked the golden
age of Progressivism within the United
States
•World War I would dominate Wilson’s 2
nd

term and brought Progressivism to an end