The project presentation low cost housing

Low cost

1. University of Technology- Iraq Civil Engineering Department Investigating and searching for Implementation methods necessary that use for obtain low-cost housing BY Tarik Salah Aisha Mohmmed Mohammed Falah SUPERVISOR Maen Nihad Ibrahim Graduation Project

2. TABLE OF CONTENTS

3. abstract : Population inflation and the steady increase in the number of births are among the most difficult challenges that may face any country in the world, especially in developing countries, which often suffer from political, security, and economic structural problems accompanied by an institutional inability to formulate public policies, development and economic strategies that would Accommodating the demands and pressures of the growing human mass.

4. Research objective: 1- Designing good quality homes that provide safety and comfort factors and at the appropriate cost using a building system that is appropriate to the economic situation and meets the requirements of humanity. 2- Finding alternatives to traditional building materials for the purpose of providing low-cost housing. 3- Study the actual cost of each housing and the possibility of implementing it. 4-Knowing the possibility of following a low-cost building system in normal conditions for the purpose of providing good housing for people with limited income.

5. Research methodology: The research consists of two aspects: 1- The theoretical aspect means studying the literature on the types of buildings, the materials used in low-cost construction, methods of implementation, their advantages, and the reasons for their use. 2- The practical part , which includes a survey of the Iraqi markets regarding available alternatives and knowing the prices of materials while comparing the prices of alternatives for the purpose of choosing the appropriate alternative.

6. The concept of low-cost housing The term low-cost varies from region to region depending on the region you use. Low-cost housing in developed and rich countries is highly expensive in poor countries in Asia and Africa, due to economic, social and environmental disparities between countries. However, the housing literature almost agreed to call the term low-cost on residential complexes in which the ratio of cost to total benefits is low compared to the financial ability of low-income people, while the ratio of costs to total benefits rises for middle- and high-income people , meaning that low-cost housing costs within the limits of the financial capacity of its beneficiaries. The basic human need and meets the necessary requirements for human life of security, comfort, tranquility and freedom .

7. Economical housing requirements : Economic housing must meet the contemporary requirements of man and harmonize with the social framework of society and at the same time reduce the cost of construction by reducing dependence on import materials. In order to provide economic housing, the following requirements are supposed to be met: 1-Cost reduction. 2- Reducing the completion period. 3- Providing good quality. 4- Achieving the performance efficiency of the building.

8. Low-cost building materials used in a number of countries :   1- Construction using sandbags Houses made of sandbags are an effective and easy way for simple people or lovers of simplicity and environmentally friendly technologies, as well as the afflicted and displaced due to war or disaster conditions, who can build houses. it is also a masterpiece and a unique architectural style also : 1-It is very flexible and allows making turns and turns easily . 2- Each housing unit is 14 square meters . 3- These houses are built from available materials. 4- It is resistant to rain, hurricanes, and earthquakes, and insects do not live in it . 5-Strong buildings that are equivalent to concrete buildings in strength and cohesion. 6- It is very easy to build and anyone can use it.

9. 2-Lightweight concrete Widely used lightweight concrete is defined in the world as concrete containing lightweight aggregates with a density between 90 and 115 pounds / ft 3 according to the American standard (ASTM C567) for the year 2008. Lightweight concrete is produced by different means, methods, materials and equipment according to the companies producing the equipment and chemicals generating it. Light concrete is called by different names, depending on the methods of its production, and lightweight concrete is characterized by its name, low weight, density, good thermal insulation property and resistance to fire and frost. Light weight concrete can be widely used in Iraq to relieve pressure on traditional materials such as bricks and concrete blocks because it is a building unit that is easy to manufacture and use.

10. 3 -Ferrocement The low cost and labor requirements make the ferro cement a good construction material for the construction of residential complexes and service facilities also : 1 – Free of asbestos or any other harmful materials (environmentally friendly). 2 – The properties are stable over time and do not change. 3- Easy to cut, saw, paint, and apply a veneer layer on it. 4 – Resistant to water effects 5- Strong and can withstand shocks 6 – Not susceptible to the growth of bacteria and fungi

11. 4-Construction using shipping containers: Building houses and buildings using shipping containers that were neglected after the high costs of shipping them from one port to another is one of the most important new alternatives to traditional building materials. There are countless numbers of empty, unused shipping containers around the world that take up a lot of space while they are on shipping docks. The reason for this is the high cost of shipping these empty containers back to their source, as in most cases purchasing new ones is less expensive as a result. These containers are waiting to be used to make a home, office, apartment, school, dormitory, studio, emergency shelter, or anything else.

12. 5 -Precast construction: Precast construction is a smart way to build any type of building in a safe and affordable way. This method originated and developed in the northern countries, and it is one of the most common and efficient ways in the world in construction, as it provides fast construction, good quality, in addition to the aesthetic and modernity that it adds to the construction Ready construction means transferring work from sites to factories and this leads to increasing productivity and quality and reducing the implementation time of the project in addition to reducing the cost of construction in a significant way.

13. The practical part   NO Item Unit Conventional Brickwork Thurmaston Quantity Amount (ID) Quantity Amount (ID)       Materials     1 Bricks NO 95 18,000 9 16,000 2 Sand m³ 0.0625 2,000 ــــــــ   3 Cement (50kg bag) NO 0.45 3,000 0.25 4,000       labor       1 Mason (highly skilled) NO 1 7,500 1 3,500 2 Mason (2 nd class) NO 2 2,000 ـــــــــ 3 Unskilled labor NO 1 1,500 1 1,500         Total (per m²) 36,000   25,000 Savings 30.556%

14. Comparison and conclusion:   From the table that was discussed in the previous chapter comparing Thermostone and traditional building materials, we note the price difference between the bricks at 18,000IQD and the price of Thermostone at 16,000 IQD , as the Thermostone is cheaper than the bricks by a difference of 2,000IQD . We also note the additional cost of sand of 2,000 IQD , and despite the price of cement for Thermostone being more than traditional construction, the total building materials The traditional one is 23,000 IQD while the Thermiston is 2,000 IQD We also note the price difference for workers, as traditional construction requires a highly skilled worker, as well as two second-class workers and an unskilled worker. The total traditional construction staff is 11,000 IQD , and when combined with the materials, the total number of workers and materials will be 36,000 IQD.  While in Thermostone , it requires one skilled worker and one unskilled worker, so the total work staff will be 5,000 IQD , and when combined with the materials, it will be 25,000IQD . This means that building with thermostone will save 30.556%.  

15. Thank you