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red blood cells

2. THE RED BLOOD CELL
Jaymie J. Noland D.V.M.
Cal Poly State University

3. RED BLOOD CELL
•7.5 m x 2 m diameter
•Has no nucleus
•Only utilizes glycolysis,
not Kreb’s cycle

6. BICONCAVE DISCS
•Increase surface area 20-30%
•Enhance gas exchange

7. PRINCIPLE FUNCTION
•Gas Exchange
• O2
• CO2

8. RBC’S DO THIS BY...
•Extruding nucleus and all other
cytoplasmic organelles
leaving…
•Hemoglobin
•Enzymes

10. Red Blood
Cells
Production
Erythropoetin
+
Bone
Marrow
Destruction
Spleen
Age,
morphology
of RBC
Polycythemia
–+

12. PACKED CELL
VOLUME
•PCV is expressed as % of total blood
volume
•Draft Horse 35-38%
•Poultry 30-33%
•Lactating dairy cow 32-35%
•Most other domestic animals 38-45%

13. ANEMIA
•Less than the normal amount of
RBC’s
•25 trillion RBC’s in the
bloodstream

14. GENERAL CAUSES OF
ANEMIA
•Loss of RBC’s
•Decreased production of RBC’s
•Increased destruction of RBC’s

16. ANEMIA?
•Chronic Renal Failure
•Leukemia
•Splenectomy
•Others????

17. CLINICAL SIGNS
•Pallor
•Tachypnea
•Dyspnea
•Exercise intolerance
•Weight loss
•Depression
•Unthriftiness

18. CASE STUDY
•HISTORY:
•SIGNALMENT:
•PHYSICAL EXAM:

19. NITRATE POISONING
•Nitrates converted to nitrites in rumen
•Causes methemoglobin to form
•A derivative of hemoglobin formed by the
oxidation of the iron of hemoglobin from the
ferrous (Fe
++
) to the ferric state (Fe
+++
)
•Methemoglobin cannot carry oxygen
•Can be treated with a solution of Methylene
Blue

20. CONCLUSION
•Anatomy of the RBC
•Size, shape, contents
•Physiology of the RBC
•Function, life span, site of production and destruction
•Anemia
•Decrease in number of RBC’s
•3 general causes
–Loss of RBC’s
–Decreased production
–Increased destruction