The reign of terror

french revolution, reign of terror, history, france, ncert, cbse

1. The reign of terror As taken by Elwin Binu

2. The reign of Terror Introduction 01 Radical Practices 03 Robespierre 02 Aftermath 04

3. Introduction 01

4. 1793 - 1794 It was a period of intense political and social activity in France. The period from 1793 to 1794 is referred to as the Reign of Terror. People whom Robespierre saw enemies of the republic were arrested, imprisoned and then tried by a revolutionary tribunal. If they were declared guilty by the court then they were guillotined. 

5. Causes of the uprising

6. Process Of The Old Hierarchy T he king, who claimed to rule the country absolutely by divine right, or the will of God. All the people of France were his subjects, and he held the power of law in his person. Monarch Nobles were people with hereditary titles like duke, count, viscount, baron, and chevalier. Some noble families came from a military background, stretching back to the days of the medieval knights. Nobility The Catholic Church. France was a Catholic country to the core, and the Church was in charge of the nation's religious life as well as charitable works, education, and record keeping.  The Clergy T he common people. While this class made up about 96% of the population, even it was divided. People

7. The Jacobins and Girondists Jacobins As compared with the Girondists, the Jacobins were men of rougher stamp, occasionally ill-educated, coarse and unscrupulous. In some cases, they were cruel. In many cases, they were corrupt. However, they were practical and alert politicians who were prepared to run great risks. They were merciless to their enemies, but were prepared to suffer themselves if they were defeated. According to the Jacobins, all powers and rights resided in the people and the law and government must give way before them. Girondists The Girondists had the majority and the Jacobins were in a minority. The Girondists were so-called from the district of Gironde from which many of their leaders came. On the whole, they were men of high intellectual calibre, education and refinement. They were honest and decent. Their intentions were pure. They were not unscrupulous in their methods. They were moderates. They had a sense of restraint and loved order. They stood for a Republican form of government.  It has already been pointed out that the two parties which were prominent in the Legislative Assembly in 1791 were the Girondists and the Jacobins.

8. Robespierre 02

9. Maximilien Robespierre “The secret of freedom lies in educating people, whereas the secret of tyranny is in keeping them ignorant”

10. Maximilien François Marie Isidore de Robespierre; (6 May 1758 – 28 July 1794) was a French lawyer and statesman who was one of the best-known and most influential figures of the French Revolution. As a member of the Constituent Assembly and the Jacobin Club , he campaigned for universal manhood suffrage and the abolition both of celibacy for the clergy, and slavery. Maximilien Robespierre

11. Radical Practices 03

12. The Reign of Terror was a dark and violent period of time during the French Revolution. Radicals took control of the revolutionary government. They arrested and executed anyone who they suspected might not be loyal to the revolution. During the Reign of Terror, France was ruled by a group of men called the Committee of Public Safety. The leader of this group was a man named Robespierre. Robespierre was also the leader of a radical group called the Jacobins. The Jacobins felt that it was their duty to preserve the revolution, even if it meant violence and terror. A dark and violent period

13. Robespierre’s radical movements “Equality rations” Meat and bread were rationed. Expensive white flour was forbidden to use. Introduction of the pain d’ égalité. Guillotine ‘enemies’ of the republic – like clergymen and ex-nobles were sent off to be guillotined in public. The guillotine is a device consisting of two poles and a blade with which a person is beheaded, named after Dr Guillotine. New social class All French men and women were addressed as Citoyen and Citoyenne (Citizen). The traditional monsieur and madame were prohibited to use. 01 02 03

14. People were officially executed in France. 17, 000 People were officially executed in Paris. 2,639 People were arrested. 200,000 Some numbers

15. The guillotine Joseph-Ignace Guillotin

16. Aftermath 04

17. Revelation As the bloodshed and executions of the Terror became worse, many people realized that it could not continue. Enemies of Robespierre organized to overthrow him. On July 27, 1794, he was removed from power and the Reign of Terror was over. He was executed the next day.

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