The representations and attractiveness of livestock farming professions under the influence of societal issues

Charlotte Dockès - The French situation in a European perspective

1. animal
task
force

‘A European Public-Private Partnership

EAAP

European Federation of Animal Science

4'h one-day symposium
of the Animal Task Force & the EAAP Commission on
Livestock Farming Systems:
Livestock are more than food

The representations and
attractiveness of livestock farming
professions under the influence of

societal issues.

Ya The French situation in a European perspective

=

Anne-Charlotte Dockés

2. EAAP2024 - Florence, Italy
Introduction
LIVESTOCK FARMING FACES THE CHALLENGE OF WORKFORCE RENEWAL

« Farmers are aging, many retirements are underway
Need of farmers and farm employees

+ Enhancing the attractiveness of farming activities :
a necessity and 3 challenges 3 axes of attractiveness

Image of
the
profession

Access Exercise
conditions conditions

3. EAAP2024 - Florence, Italy

7 y A few facts about agricultural
- demography

4. Key figures about EU farm demography

8 millions 58% 10% ful 30%

ae Full Time <55 agricultural rar
rm ou a
i Equivalent years old training

workers ql oe

85%
family work 12%

(but wage < 40 years
labour
old

increases)

Source : EUROSTAT

5. In France very variable replacement rates
depending on sectors (2021)

Source : Institut de I’Elevage - MSA

5 À ee

Higher replacement rate in sectors where :
- More women
- More entrants not from an agricultural background

6. 2 Eaap2024 Florence, Italy

—,

side 4) A “ female exodus ” which explains part of the difficulties

Social mobility of sons and daughters of farmers. Evolution
from 1977 to 2020 (France)

% of farmers’ sons becaming farmers
® % of farmers’ daughters becaming farmers
In France as
+ Astable proportion of 40
farmers’ sons have become 55
farmers since 1977 (35 to 3
25%)

+ While the social mobility of >
girls has increased 20
significantly (from 40% to 6% 15
of them become farmers) 20
s

: Li h lı

1020

source: institut del elovagee'sprésinsea, onquttes Formation etaualleation
professionnelle 1977, 1985, 199, 2003 e12014.2015, enquêtes emool 20192020.

To mobilize women, better take into account their specific expectations

7. al EAAP2024 - Florence, Italy

8. Eaap2024 Florence, Italy

“a À Four registers of controversy about animal farming

2
: O,
Animal condition ee Socioeconomic $]
cto)
Way of raising aa Development

; production
animals models
on health

GHG Definition of BEA
Water pollution Living conditions
Animal feed (soy, GMO) Pain management

Use of resources (water,
land)

Nuisances
(odors, noise)

1980 1990 2000 2010

9. 7 EAAP2024 Florence, Italy

= Agriculture and rural areas are
important for EU citizens

+ Do you think that, in the EU, agriculture |» And over the next 10 years, would you like to see
and rural areas are ... for the future ? an increase, decrease or no change in EU financial
support to farmers ?

Don't know
‘ 3
Don't know ll 3% 23
Not atallimportant | 1%
No change
Not very important HM 4% a Increase
(=; 56
(+12)
Fairly important TT 39%
Decrease
Very important SN 56% a

(Aug-Sen.2020- Dec 2017)

Special Eurobarometer CAP Septembre 2020 - 27 237 respondents

10. EAAP2024 Florence, Italy
7

“A Divers expectations towards farmers

What do you think should be the main responsabilities of farmers in our society ? (2 answers)

PROVIDING SAFE, HEALTHY FOOD OF HIGH QUAL, I 5471

ENSURING THE WELFARE OF FARMED ANIMALS MI wae
—<_

PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT AND TACKUNG CLIMATE [mm 27 42
CHANGE

SUPPLYING THE POPULATION WITH A DIVERSITY OF QUALITY [mm V1
PRODUCTS. —
uns — Da?
SECURING A STABLE SUPPLY OF FOOD IN THE cv IMM
ATING GRO mu:
CREATING GROWTH AND JO8S IN RURAL AREAS: MI

¡COURAGING AND IMPROVING A soc —
ENCOURAGING AND IMPROVING LIFE IN THE COUNTRYSIDE EE

OTHER (SPONTANEOUS) | own

Aug. - Sep. 2020 DONT KNOW Ip OF?
—

Dec. 2017

Special Eurobarometer CAP Septembre 2020 - 27 237 respondents

11. EAAP2024 - Florence, Italy
nl

“ridele Animal welfare should be protected according
) to many EU citizens, with a West-East gradient

QC2. In your opinion, how important is it to protect the welfare of farmed animals.
(eg. pigs, cattle, poultry, etc) to ensure that they have decent living conditions? -
Total Important‘ (96)

° Very important:
52% (-3%/ 2015)
* 67% would like more

AREIZERE

ETUIS ET UE ETES TH

NERRRRBSSSESELLLELELARRRRTER

ma information on how
o animals are raised
& 156-100

5 11-95

x 18-90

ES

‘Source Eurobarometer — march 2023

12. Mi EAAP2024- Florence, Italy

Environnement is also a topic of concern for a

majority of EU citizens They even say they would pay higher

prices for more sustainable products

59% =,

78% marre

they would
issues have a direct effect on mest or meme 5
their daily lives and health ne

38% wearer"

or se Mae ” =!

13. 1 EAAP2024 Florence, Italy

ee AA The apparent paradox of meat consumption

Half of the (French) consumers declare to But consumption is quite flat in
have cut their meat consumption EU (more poultry)

Source Idele from Ifop, 11/2018

More6%

Per capita consumption in retail weight
Source : GEB-Idele, from EU Commission - short-term outlook

= m poultry
¡Less 53% Same 60
41% 4 = mi and goat
B “ = pigmeat
gu
20 mm beef and veal

. —Total
« In comparaison to 5 years ago, would you say that ‘s SILLS ISLE ES
you consume more or less meat ?» 7 ®

(Question to meat consumers)

14. 5 citizen profiles with different expectations

Among 100 French citizens:

51 | 51 Progressives. | 24 Alternatives

nr tate gt te
AMAIA naa nt

4,41 ARI IA
A ul tt.

ACCEPT id wey?

a
—_ ify

15. 7
=) A 5 scenarios for the future of Livestock and meat consumption

idele /

Global Disturbances”.

wo
E
E
8
=
E
E
5
3
iS
5
€
8
E

ACCEPT

16. 1 EAAP2024 - Florence, Italy

… Specificities of the access and
{| exercise conditions on livestock
farms

17. =o Livestock farming and (young) people’s expectations :

+ Livestock farming can be attractive :
v Importance of work-life balance
v Interest in the societal utility of their work, having a meaningful job
v Search for quality of life at work (autonomy, flexibility, etc.)
v Diversity of acti
management ...
* But difficulties in projecting in the activity:
yA profession carried out by an increasingly small part of the
population
y Rural areas are not always attractive or even knowned
v Remuneration is seen as insufficient
Y Workload is seen as too heavy
+ Anyway livestock farming is a very specific activity
y Productive relationship with animals
y Interweaving of private and professional spheres
Y Anchoring in the rural territory
Ÿ An idyllic or romantic vision of agriculture
y Neighborhood conflicts and use of space

ities: manual, digital, administrative, commercial,

18. Esa Attractiveness of rural areas is essential to
insert new comers in agriculture

QA18 Overall, how would you rate the following in rural areas in (OUR COUNTRY)?
EU)

Ge

THE ENVIRONMENT AND LANDSCAPE

ono hs ME RS : E ©
TRANSPORT NERASRUCTURE CONNECTING roces mm
RN OF aE ROADS AND PUBLIC TRANDON
anscvcs MI

ACCESS TO HIGH-SPEED INTERNET CONNECTIONS

= = =
Total Good Total "Bad Don't know

Special Eurobarometer CAP Septembre 2020 - 27 237 respondents

19. EAAP2024 - Florence, Italy

= French agricultural high school students seek autonomy and
flexibility .
Could these working conditions make you want
Ñ to take up a job?
Livestock careers appear
in line with young people | autonomy A A U}
in agricultural education | piversity of tasks [IS A O ER
(autonomy, outside work, Working outside FA
contact with animals, Ñ FR paa
luar Taking responsabilitics sam, |
diversity of tasks, is
j Being one’s own boss ner” | in agrcutura!
professional sense, etc.) Hs
Working in teams DONNEES 308 responses
But the balance between B . France
- : Being salaried worker ro
income and free time olor
E «38%
does not seem none rules
satisfactory to them . Working alone E 2% BL
Working in an office, mms
3 206 ee 100%
A # Absolutely Yes M Rather Yes @ Rather No M Not at all M No answer

20. nl

EAAP2024 - Florence, Italy

The specific expectations of people not from an agricultural
background (NFAB) ... sometimes out of step with the job offers

+ The main objectives of “NFAB ”

+ A life project, in accordance with
values

+ Be one’s own boss

* Benefit from a pleasant living
environment > housing, plot,
workload

* Control the cost of installation >
modest size and “added value”
projects

+ 3 main “NFAB” profiles

Novice Informed Inserted

Dreamers Novices Informed

Côtes d'Armor agricultural events June 6,
2024

Specific issues for their
support
oe Training and information
o Discoveries and courses

o Tutoring and testing
locations

o Support for farmers who
transmit

oAdapted support for
projects
o New references

21. ]
= || Different attractiveness factors depending on the scenarios

«Tie idele

jobs, highly
specific

Jobs linked to Entrepreneur or
employees, a
profession “like any
other”
xpectations
Questions / life
balance

e diversit
of profe:

22. nhancing the attractiveness of careers in livestock farming

Increase information about of
the diversity of livestock
farming jobs

Show that they are open to
employees, women, NFAB,
multiactivity, etc.

Make known the
improvements to face to Image of

societal challenges the
profession

3 axes of attractiveness

o Simplify administrative
procedures

o Facilitate access to land and
capital

o Adapt training, education,
tests to audiences

o Raise employers' awareness
of employee expectations

23. EAAP2024 - Florence, Italy

sus À Improve image and access to livestock farming

+ Basic trends:

Ethical expectations of citizens, and future farmers

Citizen questioning of so-called “intensive” systems... which are nevertheless developing
Growing economic and climatic hazards

Growing aspirations of farmers and farm workers in terms of social sustainability
Technological and digital innovations that offer new opportunities

+ Room for progress and adaptation:
+ Diversity of EU systems, practices, product offering
+ Knowledge and image of the profession, dialogue
“Co-build” systems for tomorrow, profitable and livable for
farmers ... and presentable to citizens

24. EAAP2024 - Florence, Italy

7 Thank you for your attention

View the slideshows of our conferences at

idele.fr

LO] For more information :

anne-charlotte.dockes @idele.fr