The representative elements

The Representative Elements

1. The Representative Elements Chapter 15, Section 2

2. Group 1 Alkali Metals Silvery solids with low melting points Very reactive (tendency to combine with other elements and react) As soon as they come into contact with almost anything, including air, a violent explosive reaction follows… Usually isolated when stored immersed in oil or kerosene

3. Lithium Li 3 Can be sliced with a knife Used in Lithium batteries (positive half) Used in medicine for depression When combined with aluminum, used for sturdy construction Highest heat capacity of any element (absorb large amounts of heat with only a slight rise in temp)

4. Sodium Na 11 Soft, extremely reactive Used in common table salt Nuclear reactor Give street lights/car lights their orange glow Stored under oil so won’t react with the air Explodes into flames when in contact with water 6 th most abundant element in Earth’s crust

5. Potassium K 19 Found in bananas Essential for plant growth React with air, stored under oil Ions give off a bright, lilac flame Aid in nerve function Too much can lead to heart attack Potassium chloride is used in lethal injection

6. Rubidium Rb 37 Scarce, hard to find Television/cathode ray tubes Cesium Cs 55 Fiercest reaction to water Used in atomic clocks Francium Fr 87 Unstable No weighable sample has ever existed

7. Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metals Soft metals Not as reactive as Group 1, but still reactive

8. Beryllium Be 4 Small amount in the body causes lung cancer soft, silvery used in airplane construction because it’s light Emeralds, aquamarine gems are a form of beryl Magnesium Mg 12 Sparky, always causes reaction Used in laxatives, Epsom salts Need it for proper nutrition Used in bike frames

9. Calcium Ca 20 In your skeleton and teeth—important nutrient Found also in cement, chalk A part of marble and limestone 5 th most abundant element in Earth’s crust

10. Strontium Sr 38 Named after a town in Scotland Red color in fireworks Used in glass of TV, computers

11. Barium Ba 56 Heavy metal Used with x-rays Used to make spark plugs Green color of fireworks

12. Radium Ra 88 Heaviest of the group Used in glow in the dark paint Name comes from Latin radius, meaning “ray” Discovered by Marie Curie and her husband

13. Group 13 The Boron Family All metals except boron, which is a brittle, black metalloid Used to make a variety of products

14. Boron B 5 Used in borax laundry detergent, boric acid Used in cookware Aluminum Al 13 Lightweight Soft drink cans, cookware, siding for homes, baseball bats Used in airplanes, tin cans, and foil Third most abundant element in the world Don’t’ want this in tap water!!

15. Gallium Ga 31 Solid metal Melting point so low it will melt in your hand Used to make computer chips Indium In 49 When combined with oxygen and tin, it conducts electricity. Used for solar cells, touch-screen technology

16. Thallium TI 81 Colorless, odorless, and tasteless Almost impossible to detect Poisonous In the body, slips inside of cells and causes problems

17. Group 14 The Carbon Group Very different from each other

18. Carbon C 6 Nonmetal carbon exists as diamond, graphite Can morph into many forms Form the bulk of all living matter Almost everything you eat is a carbon based compound: fats, sugars, fiber Released from food when you breathe and in your body waste Absorbed by plants and eaten again

19. Silicon Si 14 Second most abundant element on earth Make computers run (silicon chip) Found in sand, adhesives Metalloid Used as a semi-conductor when combined with boron or phosphorus

20. Germanium Ge 32 Metalloid Used in electronics as semiconductor

21. Tin Sn 50 One of the heaviest elements in the group In pewter, bronze Can be shaped with very little effort Gets mixed with other metals to keep it’s shape Only a thin coating on “tin” cans, the rest is made of aluminum or steel Used in toothpaste, shielding around nuclear reactors,

22. Lead Pb 82 One of the heaviest elements in group Used to protect you during X-Rays Comes from Latin plumbum, “plumbing” Used in water pipes by the Romans

23. Group 15 Nitrogen Group Mixture of metals, nonmetals, metalloids, solids, gases

24. Nitrogen N 7 Make up 80% of air Essential for plant life Very strong atom bond How does nitrogen become available to your body? Ammonia is a gas that contains nitrogen and hydrogen. What are other uses?

25. Phosphorus P 15 Comes in white and red White is so active it cannot be exposed to oxygen or it will burst into flames The heads of matches contain the less active red phosphorus Essential to life (healthy teeth and bones), part of DNA molecule Most important use is fertilizers Used in Cola which can be used as a rust remover

26. Arsenic As 33 Deadly Found in seafood Antimony Sb 51 Used in mascara Can induce violent vomiting and death Added to lead to make it harder

27. Bismuth Bi 83 Heaviest nonradioactive element Easily turn into a liquid/ used in PeptoBismol Melts in intense heat; used in fire alarms, water sprinklers

28. Group 16 The Oxygen Family Mixture of solids, gases, nonmetals, metalloids Vital to many life processes In nature, are often found combined with metals

29. Oxygen O 8 20% of earth’s atmosphere Colorless, odorless, tasteless Powerhouse behind most chemical reactions on earth. Made of two atoms Every cell in your body uses to fuel chemical reactions Foam is sometimes used in firefighting to keep oxygen away from the burning item Ozone: form of oxygen

30. Sulfur S 16 Solid, yellow, nonmetal Used to make sulfuric acid which is a combination of sulfur, hydrogen, oxygen Used to manufacture paints, fertilizers, rubber Stinks Important part of gun powder

31. Selenium Se 34 Conducts electricity when exposed to light so it is used in solar cells, photographic material Used in copy machines Good for our health in small amounts

32. Tellurium Te 52 Hard to classify Cause of bad breath and body odor Polonium Po 84 Used to make antistatic brushes Used in weapons

33. Group 17 The Halogen Group Nonmetals, except for astatine, which is a radioactive metalloid Halogen means “salt former” All halogens form salts with sodium and with the other alkali metals

34. Fluorine F 9 Most reactive of halogens in combining with other elements Added to drinking water Used to form Teflon CFC’s that damage the ozone

35. Chlorine Cl 17 Green, toxic gas Chemical weapons Used to kill bacteria In drinking water, small amounts Bromine Br 35 One of two liquids in the table Used in dye of the ancient Roman Empire Extracted from Seawater

36. Iodine I 53 Least reactive of the four nonmetals Shiny, black solid Made to make the liquid that is used on cuts, and in operating rooms Astatine At 85 Half-life is only 8.3 hours

37. Group 18 Nobel Gases Resistant to chemical reactions All found in atmosphere Rarely combine with other elements

38. Helium He 2 Less dense then air Used in balloons, blimps Produced in the Sun Will not burn, so used in welding Neon Ne 10 When mixed with other elements , emits light What are the colors? (p. 447)

39. Argon Ar 18 Most abundant of the noble gases Inability to react with anything at all Used in windowpanes Krypton Kr 36 Used to illuminate landing strips at airports Used in light bulbs when mixed with other noble gases Almost completely unreactive, colorless, odorless, and tasteless

40. Xenon Xe 54 Used in light bulbs Radon Rn 86 Radioactive gas produced naturally as uranium decays in rocks and soil If it seeps into a home, it will emit radiation and kill people, causing lung cancer