the-revolt-ofxahfaynamruahtahfafwtulakgralyaryarh-1857.ppt

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1. THE REVOLT OF THE REVOLT OF
18571857

2. THE GREAT
REVOLT
THE FIRST WAR OF INDEPENDENCE

4. Mangal PandeyMangal Pandey

5. THE OUT BURSTTHE OUT BURST

On 9On 9
thth
May 1857, on the parade May 1857, on the parade
ground of Meerut, 85 Indian troopers ground of Meerut, 85 Indian troopers
were court martialled.were court martialled.
Their Crime: -These troopers
had refused to load their rifles
with the new cartridges.

6. ABOUT THE NEW CARTRIDGEABOUT THE NEW CARTRIDGE

A rumour had spread that A rumour had spread that
the new cartridge contained the new cartridge contained
the fat of cow and pig.the fat of cow and pig.
HINDUS COW WAS SACRED
MUSLIMS PIG MEAT WAS FOBIDDEN BY QURAN

7. SPREAD OF THE REVOLTSPREAD OF THE REVOLT

On 10On 10
thth
May 1857 men of 3 May 1857 men of 3
rdrd
Light Cavalry Light Cavalry
stormed the barracks jail and released stormed the barracks jail and released
their comrades. their comrades.

Soon the Indian civilians joined the Soon the Indian civilians joined the
mutineers and killed about 50 Europeans.mutineers and killed about 50 Europeans.

The news spread like wild fire. The The news spread like wild fire. The
already simmering anger against British already simmering anger against British
burst out into a violent storm.burst out into a violent storm.

8. Causes of the Revolt of 1857Causes of the Revolt of 1857

Political CausesPolitical Causes

Social CausesSocial Causes

Religious CausesReligious Causes

Economic CausesEconomic Causes

Administrative CausesAdministrative Causes

Military CausesMilitary Causes

9. POLITICAL CAUSESPOLITICAL CAUSES

Lord Dalhousie’s policy Lord Dalhousie’s policy
of annexation and the of annexation and the
Doctrine of lapse had Doctrine of lapse had
made the Indian rulers made the Indian rulers
angry and insecure.angry and insecure.

10. 
The Rani of Jhansi Laxmibai was not allowed to The Rani of Jhansi Laxmibai was not allowed to
adopt a son.adopt a son.

In case of disputed interpretation, the decision of In case of disputed interpretation, the decision of
the East India Company was binding & that of the the East India Company was binding & that of the
court of the Directors was final.court of the Directors was final.

Regal titles of the Nawab of Carnatic & Tanjore Regal titles of the Nawab of Carnatic & Tanjore
were abolished. The imperial title of the Moghul were abolished. The imperial title of the Moghul
Emperor was discontinued after Bahadur Shah II.Emperor was discontinued after Bahadur Shah II.

The pension of Nana Saheb (Peshwa Baji Rao II’s The pension of Nana Saheb (Peshwa Baji Rao II’s
adopted son) was stopped.adopted son) was stopped.

11. Nana SahebNana Saheb

12. Rani of JhansiRani of Jhansi

13. Rani of JhansiRani of Jhansi

14. 
In case of a dispute, the In case of a dispute, the
decision of the East India decision of the East India
Company was binding Company was binding
and that of the court of and that of the court of
the directors was final.the directors was final.

15. 
The Muslim feelings had been The Muslim feelings had been
badly hurt when after the badly hurt when after the
death of Bahadur Shah II, death of Bahadur Shah II,
Lord Canning took away regal Lord Canning took away regal
titles and Moghul palaces.titles and Moghul palaces.

16. 
Thousands became Thousands became
unemployed when the unemployed when the
English, under Lord English, under Lord
Dalhousie annexed Dalhousie annexed
Oudh.Oudh.

17. Namaste & Namaste &
Welcome!!!Welcome!!!
In Today’s Lecture… In Today’s Lecture…
THE REVOLT OF 1857THE REVOLT OF 1857

Social CausesSocial Causes

Religious CausesReligious Causes

18. SOCIAL CAUSESSOCIAL CAUSES

The British were The British were
rude and used rude and used
abusive and abusive and
insultive language.insultive language.

19. 
The practice of sati The practice of sati
was abolished. Child was abolished. Child
marriage, infanticide marriage, infanticide
and polygamy were and polygamy were
not allowed.not allowed.

20. 
The European juries The European juries
allowed European allowed European
criminals with little criminals with little
or no punishment.or no punishment.

21. RELIGIOUS CAUSESRELIGIOUS CAUSES

Hindus and Hindus and
Muslims were Muslims were
forced into forced into
Christianity.Christianity.

22. 
British Officers British Officers
abused the name of abused the name of
Ram and Ram and
Muhammad.Muhammad.

23. 
Idolatry was Idolatry was
denounced. Hindu denounced. Hindu
deities were deities were
ridiculed.ridiculed.

24. Namaste & Namaste &
Welcome!!!Welcome!!!
In Today’s Lecture… In Today’s Lecture…
THE REVOLT OF 1857THE REVOLT OF 1857

Economic CausesEconomic Causes

Administrative CausesAdministrative Causes

Military CausesMilitary Causes

25. ECONOMIC CAUSESECONOMIC CAUSES

The British had drained The British had drained
India of all her wealth India of all her wealth
and natural resources and natural resources
by selfish economic by selfish economic
policies.policies.

26. ADMINISTRATIVE CAUSESADMINISTRATIVE CAUSES

Unrest spread among Unrest spread among
the landlords of Bengal the landlords of Bengal
when William Bentinck when William Bentinck
took away rent free took away rent free
estates from them.estates from them.

27. 
Lord Dalhousie Lord Dalhousie
confiscated confiscated
thousands of jagirs thousands of jagirs
in the Deccan.in the Deccan.

28. 
After Oudh was After Oudh was
annexed, the estates annexed, the estates
of Zamindars and of Zamindars and
Taluqdars were Taluqdars were
confiscated.confiscated.

29. 
High posts and High posts and
handsome salaries were handsome salaries were
given to the British. This given to the British. This
caused frustration caused frustration
amongst Indians.amongst Indians.

30. MILITARY CAUSESMILITARY CAUSES

Immense Immense
discrimination discrimination
between the Indians between the Indians
and the British.and the British.

31. 
The Indian sepoys were The Indian sepoys were
deprived of high salaries deprived of high salaries
and promotions. The and promotions. The
highest post for an Indian highest post for an Indian
was that of the Subedar.was that of the Subedar.

32. 
New recruits had to New recruits had to
travel across the sea. travel across the sea.
It was forbidden as It was forbidden as
per Hindu belief.per Hindu belief.

33. 
The British army The British army
exposed its vulnerability exposed its vulnerability
in the First Afghan war, in the First Afghan war,
the Sikh war and the the Sikh war and the
Crimean war.Crimean war.

34. 
The Indian sepoys The Indian sepoys
were required to work were required to work
far off without extra far off without extra
BhattaBhatta or payment. or payment.

35. 
The privilege of free The privilege of free
postage enjoyed by the postage enjoyed by the
sepoys was withdrawn sepoys was withdrawn
with the passing of the with the passing of the
Post Office Act 1854.Post Office Act 1854.

36. IMPORTANT CENTRES OF REVOLTIMPORTANT CENTRES OF REVOLT

MEERUTMEERUT

DELHIDELHI

OUDHOUDH

KANPURKANPUR

JHANSI & GWALIORJHANSI & GWALIOR

37. MEERUTMEERUT

9 May 1857, 85 Sepoys were court martialled.9 May 1857, 85 Sepoys were court martialled.

They had refused to use new cartridges.They had refused to use new cartridges.

Next day their companions attacked the jail.Next day their companions attacked the jail.

Sepoys were freed.Sepoys were freed.

Officers & Europeans were killed.Officers & Europeans were killed.

Revolters headed towards Delhi.Revolters headed towards Delhi.

38. 
On 12On 12
thth
May 1857, Delhi was seized by rebels. May 1857, Delhi was seized by rebels.

Some Europeans were shot dead.Some Europeans were shot dead.

Bhahadur Shah II was persuaded to support.Bhahadur Shah II was persuaded to support.

Loss of Delhi was a prestige loss for British.Loss of Delhi was a prestige loss for British.

On 14On 14
thth
September 1857, British attacked. September 1857, British attacked.

On 20On 20
thth
September 1857, British regained Delhi. September 1857, British regained Delhi.

Bahadur Shah & Zeenat Mahal fled to Humayun’s tomb.Bahadur Shah & Zeenat Mahal fled to Humayun’s tomb.

But were followed & captured by General Hudson.But were followed & captured by General Hudson.

3 sons killed & the king & queen exiled to Rangoon.3 sons killed & the king & queen exiled to Rangoon.

The king died in 1862. The king died in 1862.
DELHIDELHI

39. RED FORT, DELHIRED FORT, DELHI

40. ZEENAT MAHAL & BAHADUR SHAH IIZEENAT MAHAL & BAHADUR SHAH II

41. GENERAL HUDSONGENERAL HUDSON

42. 
Oudh annexed by Lord Dalhousie.Oudh annexed by Lord Dalhousie.

The Nawab of Oudh exiled to Calcutta.The Nawab of Oudh exiled to Calcutta.

But his wife Begum Hazrat Mahal and 11 year old son continued to live in Oudh But his wife Begum Hazrat Mahal and 11 year old son continued to live in Oudh
but in very poor condition.but in very poor condition.

So people of Oudh were angry.So people of Oudh were angry.

The revolt broke out on 4The revolt broke out on 4
thth
June 1857. June 1857.

Henry Lawrence, the British Resident, with some Europeans with some hundred Henry Lawrence, the British Resident, with some Europeans with some hundred
sepoys took refuge in a Residency.sepoys took refuge in a Residency.

Begum seized Residency and killed Henry & some others.Begum seized Residency and killed Henry & some others.

In November, Sir Colin Campbell (Commander-in-Chief) attacked with Gorkha In November, Sir Colin Campbell (Commander-in-Chief) attacked with Gorkha
regiment.regiment.

In March 1858, the city was finally recaptured.In March 1858, the city was finally recaptured.

The rebels driven to Nepal border to die in bad climate or captured by Gorkhas.The rebels driven to Nepal border to die in bad climate or captured by Gorkhas.
OUDH (LUCKNOW)OUDH (LUCKNOW)

43. BEGUM HAZRAT MAHALBEGUM HAZRAT MAHAL

44. COLIN CAMPBELLCOLIN CAMPBELL

45. 
Nana Sahib, the adopted son of Peshwa Baji Rao was proclaimed the Nana Sahib, the adopted son of Peshwa Baji Rao was proclaimed the
Peshwa.Peshwa.

He led the revolt in Kanpur with Tantia Tope, his assistant.He led the revolt in Kanpur with Tantia Tope, his assistant.

After a fierce battle, General Sir Hugh Wheeler surrendered on 27After a fierce battle, General Sir Hugh Wheeler surrendered on 27
thth
June June
1857.1857.

Nana Saheb assured safe passage of British to Allahabad.Nana Saheb assured safe passage of British to Allahabad.

General James O’Neil (At Allahabad & Banaras) inhumanly ill-treated General James O’Neil (At Allahabad & Banaras) inhumanly ill-treated
Indians.Indians.

Angry Indians killed the passing British citizens.Angry Indians killed the passing British citizens.

In June 1857, The General defeated Nana Sahib.In June 1857, The General defeated Nana Sahib.

In November 1857, Nana Sahib & Tantia Tope recaptured Kanpur back.In November 1857, Nana Sahib & Tantia Tope recaptured Kanpur back.

On 6On 6
thth
December 1857 General Campbell reoccupied Kanpur. December 1857 General Campbell reoccupied Kanpur.

Nana fled to Nepal (died there) and Tantia joined Rani Laxmibai.Nana fled to Nepal (died there) and Tantia joined Rani Laxmibai.
KANPURKANPUR

46. NANA SAHIBNANA SAHIB

47. TANTIA TOPETANTIA TOPE

48. 
In June 1857, the troops at Jhansi revolted.In June 1857, the troops at Jhansi revolted.

Rani Laxmibai (widow of Raja Gangadhar Rao) declared ruler.Rani Laxmibai (widow of Raja Gangadhar Rao) declared ruler.

Tantia Tope joined her after Kanpur was lost.Tantia Tope joined her after Kanpur was lost.

On 3On 3
rdrd
April 1858, Sir Hugh Rose recaptured Jhansi. April 1858, Sir Hugh Rose recaptured Jhansi.

Laxmibai escaped to Kalpi (near Gwalior) where Tantia joined her.Laxmibai escaped to Kalpi (near Gwalior) where Tantia joined her.

Both marched to Gwalior.Both marched to Gwalior.

Sir Hugh Rose also marched to Gwalior and captured in June 1858.Sir Hugh Rose also marched to Gwalior and captured in June 1858.

Rani died fighting bravely.Rani died fighting bravely.

Tantia escaped southward but was betrayed by his friend Man Singh.Tantia escaped southward but was betrayed by his friend Man Singh.

Tantia was finally hanged.Tantia was finally hanged.
JHANSI & GWALIORJHANSI & GWALIOR

49. RANI LAXMIBAIRANI LAXMIBAI

50. TANTIA TOPETANTIA TOPE

51. HANGED RUTHLESSLYHANGED RUTHLESSLY

52. OTHER CENTRES OF REVOLTOTHER CENTRES OF REVOLT

Bareilly:Bareilly:
Khan Bahadur Khan proclaimed himself the ruler.Khan Bahadur Khan proclaimed himself the ruler.

Bihar:Bihar:
Zamindar Kunwar Singh raised the revoltZamindar Kunwar Singh raised the revolt

Banaras:Banaras:
Banarasis organised a rebellion.Banarasis organised a rebellion.
(All were subsequently suppressed by British)(All were subsequently suppressed by British)

53. OUTCOME OUTCOME

The revolt was The revolt was
completely completely
suppressed and suppressed and
crushed by July 1858.crushed by July 1858.

54. CAUSES OF FAILURE OF THE CAUSES OF FAILURE OF THE
REVOLTREVOLT

The revolt was localized and was poorly The revolt was localized and was poorly
organized.organized.

The British had better resources than The British had better resources than
the rebels.the rebels.

The revolt was feudal in character.The revolt was feudal in character.

The leaders lacked military skills.The leaders lacked military skills.

The native princes did not join the revolt.The native princes did not join the revolt.

55. MAJOR IMPACT OF THE REVOLTMAJOR IMPACT OF THE REVOLT
… … the revolt was considered to be an the revolt was considered to be an
awakener and the first effort towards awakener and the first effort towards
the freedom and independence.the freedom and independence.
…the British just considered it to be a mere military
revolt.

56. IMPACT OF THE REVOLTIMPACT OF THE REVOLT
1) The control of Indian administration 1) The control of Indian administration
was transferred form the company to was transferred form the company to
the crown by the GOI Act 1858the crown by the GOI Act 1858

57. IMPACT OF THE REVOLTIMPACT OF THE REVOLT
2) The Queen promised to respect Rights 2) The Queen promised to respect Rights
& dignity. General amnesty to all & dignity. General amnesty to all
offenders except murders.offenders except murders.

58. IMPACT OF THE REVOLTIMPACT OF THE REVOLT
3) The Indian army was reorganised. 3) The Indian army was reorganised.
Included Sikhs, Gurkhas & Pathans.Included Sikhs, Gurkhas & Pathans.

59. IMPACT OF THE REVOLTIMPACT OF THE REVOLT
4) The Mughal dynasty ended with the 4) The Mughal dynasty ended with the
extinction of Bahadur Shah II & was extinction of Bahadur Shah II & was
replaced by British Crown.replaced by British Crown.

60. The Last Mughal EmperorThe Last Mughal Emperor

61. IMPACT OF THE REVOLTIMPACT OF THE REVOLT
5) Freedom of religion granted.5) Freedom of religion granted.

62. IMPACT OF THE REVOLTIMPACT OF THE REVOLT
6) As per Queen’s Proclamation, more 6) As per Queen’s Proclamation, more
Indians joined the administration.Indians joined the administration.

63. IMPACT OF THE REVOLTIMPACT OF THE REVOLT
7) Racial animosity increased.7) Racial animosity increased.

64. IMPACT OF THE REVOLTIMPACT OF THE REVOLT
8) The British introduced the policy of 8) The British introduced the policy of
Divide & Rule that led to the partition of Divide & Rule that led to the partition of
India in 1947.India in 1947.

65. IMPACT OF THE REVOLTIMPACT OF THE REVOLT
9) The British exploited the economy 9) The British exploited the economy
further.further.