The rise and spread of christianity

1. The Rise and Spread of The Rise and Spread of
ChristianityChristianity

2. The of the Roman Empire signaled the
end of the ancient period of European
history.
The next millennium is called the Middle
Ages (500-1500 C.E.) which connects the
ancient with the modern period.
It is divided into Early Middle Ages
(500-1050 CE), High Middle Ages
(1050-1270 C.E.) and Late or End of
Middle Ages (1270-1500 C.E.)

3. In the Middle Ages, some of the
characteristics of classical civilization –
Greek and Roman were combined with
other fields of Germanic civilization to
form a way of life that is called medieval.
During this period, the most stable
institution was Christianity and its
church.
It is also said that the growth o
Christianity was one of the factors that
brought about the fall of the Roman
Empire.

4. The teachings of Jesus ChristThe teachings of Jesus Christ

5. -It compared his teachings to a call for
rebellion. This was because Jesus
promoted the belief on one god.
-In 33 C.E. Jesus was executed through
crucifixion on the cross upon the orders
of Pontius Pilate, the governor of Judea

6. Paul: Disciple of JesusPaul: Disciple of Jesus
The most important of Christian
missionaries
A Jew from Tarsus, a city in Asia Minor.
Believed that Christianity was against
Judaism.
He joined in the torture of Christians.
From 37 C.E. until 67 C.E. he traveled to
various cities in the Eastern
Mediterranean to bring the teachings of
Jesus.

7. The Torture of ChristiansThe Torture of Christians
Roman Empire allowed other religions as
long as the people accepted the authority of
the government.
Christians did not accept the law on
emperor worship; enemy of the state.
Nero was one of the emperors who hated
Christians.
He accused them of burning Rome in 64 CE
and therefore punished them.
The widespread persecution of Christians
occurred during the time of Emperor Decius
in2 49 until 252 CE.

8. However, Christianity did not fade away
as many believed.
In 311 CE, Christiaity was made legal in
Eastern Roman Empire.
After 2 years, through the Edict of Milan,
Emperor Constantine made Christianity
legal religion throughout the Roman
Empire.
In 395 CE, Emperor or Theodosius made
Christianity the official religion.

9. The First ChurchesThe First Churches
Ecclesia- a small group, means a meeting
- they usually meet on their
houses.
-the first churches were built in
Rome, Alexandria, Antioch,
Constantinople and Corinth.
- the church in Rome was visited
by St. Peter and St. Paul.

10. A Religion for AllA Religion for All
In 325 CE Emperor Constantine convened
the Council of Nicaea to draft a collection of
teachings of Christianity.
The result of the meeting was the belief that
God and Jesus Christ were of the same
substance.
The Old Testament of the Jew is the official
book of the divine scriptures of Christianity.
The 27 books of Matthew, Mark, Luke and
John wrote after the death of Jesus Christ
constitute the Ne Testament.

11. Epistles- letters used by Paul to
communicate.
The official doctrine or theology of the
Christian Church was arranged in an
orderly framework by four scholar
priests – Ambrose, Jerome, Augustine,
and Gregory.
Vulgate- Latin bible used during the
Medieval Age.

12. The Organization of the ChurchThe Organization of the Church
LAYMEN
PRIESTS
BISHOPS
ARCHBISHOP
CARDINAL
POPE

13. The Germanic TribesThe Germanic Tribes
In the 4
th
century CE, many Germanic tribes
in Europe lived east of the Rhine River and
north of the Danube River.
These Germanic tribes were called
barbarians.
They tilled soil and herded animals.
They were large and athletic built.
They value strength and courage in battle.
They worshipped various gods like Tiw,
Woten, Thor, and Freya.

14. The Church As The Defender Of The Church As The Defender Of
CivilizationCivilization
With the fall of the Western Roman Empire,
the church shouldered the burden of
preserving the civilization of the Roman
Empire and the introduction of this
civilization to the Germanic tribes.
During the invasion of the Germanic tribes,
the church fulfilled its duty to defend the
weak and punish the wicked.
Anyone who wanted to defend himself could
find refuge called right of sanctuary in any
church.

15. The popes carried out some of the
powers of the former emperors of the
Roman Empire.
The church established courts and the
collection of taxes was allowed.

16. MonasticismMonasticism
withdrawal from the world to attain
higher level of devotion to Christianity.
Spread in Europe in 520 CE when St.
Benedict established a monastery in
Monte, Casino in Italy.

17. The Age of FaithThe Age of Faith
With the fall of the Roman Empire,
Europe entered the period of the Dark
Ages from 6
th
-8
th
century.
The Church has a collection of beliefs
that are accepted by anyone who
becomes a Christian.

18. 7 Sacraments* - is an external sign 7 Sacraments* - is an external sign
left to give grace.left to give grace.
a.Baptism
b.Confirmation
c.Marriage
d.Extreme Unction
e.Confession
f.Eucharist
g.Holy Orders

19. Laws of the ChurchLaws of the Church
Canon Law- is derived from Holy
Scriptures, from the writings and decrees
of the Popes.
Heresy- belief that was contrary to
Christian doctrines or teachings was the
gravest of all crimes.
Inquisition- the court that was established
to look for and punish heretics.

20. Principal Weapons Used By The Principal Weapons Used By The
ChurchChurch
a.Excommunication
b.Interdict
c.Deposition
ESTABLISHMENT OF THE FRANCISCAN
AND DOMINICAN ORDERS
In the 13
th
century, two orders of priests
were established.
f.O.F.M.
g.O.P.

21. The Defense of the Holy LandThe Defense of the Holy Land
For hundred years, Christians were free
to go to Jerusalem which was called the
Holy Land to visit the holy places
associated with the life and death of Jesus
Christ.
However this privilege was revoked by
the Seljuk Turks; they were nomads from
the deserts of Central Asia who
embraced Islam.

22. Call For CrusadeCall For Crusade
Emperor Alexius I asked help from pope
Urban II to save the empire and preserve
Christianity in the east.
Pope Urban II called for a council in1095
in Clermont where he invited thousands
of knights “to take up the cross” and
promised them forgiveness for al their
sins.

23. Reasons:Reasons:
Sincere desire to defend Christian
devotees
For adventure
Escape debts or the law
To become wealthy
They feared closure of trade (merchants)

24. First Crusade ( 1096-1099)First Crusade ( 1096-1099)
-Joined by more than 10,000 farmers who did not have
any knowledge and training in warfare.
-A large part of the first crusade consisted of 20,000 to
25,000 knights.
-1097- invaded Asia Minor; after 2 years Antioch in
Syria.
-July 15, 1099, they successfully entered Jerusalem
-Four Crusader states were established:
f.Kingdom of Jerusalem- Godfrey of Bouillon
g.Edessa
h.Antioch
i.Tripoli

25. Second Crusade (1147-1149)Second Crusade (1147-1149)
1144, Edessa once again fell into the
hands of the Seljuk.
Bernard of Clairvaux called for another
crusade.
Many responded but French and German
lords did not trust one another. They
left Europe separately.
Immediate defeat to Musilims.

26. Third Crusade (1189-1192)Third Crusade (1189-1192)
1189- Seljuks captured all of the
crusader states except for the city of
Tyre.
2 years after they captured Jerusalem; the
power of Muslims was returned to
Saladin.
Three of the greatest kings of Europe led
the 3
rd
crusade: Frederick Barbosa,
Richard the Lion-Hearted, and Philip
Augustus.

27. Fourth Crusade (1202-1204)Fourth Crusade (1202-1204)
In 1198, Pope Innocent III called for a Crusade
to restore the once great honor of Jerusalem.
Instead of going to Jerusalem and fighting the
Muslims, the Crusaders invaded
Constantinople; because of the invitation of the
merchants of Venice that it was necessary to
bring back the Catholic faith among the
Christian Orthodox.
1203, Crusaders captured Constantinople and
placed their emperor on the throne.
Destroyed the altar in Hagia Sophia.

28. Results of the CrusadeResults of the Crusade
Failed to achieve its principal aim to
return Jerusalem into the hands of
Christians
The Byzantine Empire was greatly
weakened by the crusades.
At first crusade increased the power and
influence of the Pope. However, after the
4
th
crusade, church received criticisms
and castigations.

29. The crusade help the kings to extend
their power over the nobles who
controlled large tracts of lands.
Improved science of warfare
Hastened the growth of trade between
east and west
Brought a new incentive in the search for
new trade routes and the emergence of
commercial towns.
Helped in the discovery of Asia by the
Europeans.

30. Terms to remember:Terms to remember:
Christianity Inquisition
University Interdict
Church Holy Order
Theology Crusade
Basilica Church
Mystery Play University