The rise of fascism 2011

2. Comes from a middle-class
family
A painter
Had aspirations of becoming an
architect before turning to
politics
Decorated war veteran – medals
for bravery
Author
Vegetarian
Against smoking
Patriotic

5. Events that led to the
rise of Dictators

6. The Roaring 20’s
The 1920’s were a time of peace and great
prosperity,
From 1921 to 1929, the Dow Jones rocketed from
60 to 400!
Millionaires were created instantly.
Soon stock market trading became America’s
favorite pastime as investors jockeyed to make a
quick killing.

7. 1920’s Has a Crash!!!
•Everyone was investing
•People had disposable income
•Everyone invested in the Stock Market, even
the butlers
•…then it all fell apart
•The stock market crashed!

8. •The term fascism comes from
the Latin word ‘fasces’ (a
bodyguard’s axe), which was an
ancient Roman symbol of
authority containing a bundle
of rods and an axe.
•The fasces-symbol became to
fascists what the Swastika was
to the Nazis.
What is Fascism?What is Fascism?

9. "Either the government will be given to "Either the government will be given to
us or we shall seize it by marching on us or we shall seize it by marching on
Rome." Rome."
•October 1922 Mussolini and 30,000 Fascist
marched on Rome
•Demanded the King put Mussolini in charge
of the government

11. •October 1922 the King of Italy
gave into Mussolini and the
Blackshirts.
•Fascism was made the official
government of Italy, and
Mussolini was named “Il
Duce” or head of state.
•Promised to rebuild Italy and
recreate the Roman Empire
Victor Emmanuel III
Benito “Il Duce” Mussolini

12. •Democracy was eliminated
•Mussolini’s political enemies were jailed
•Widespread censorship
•Failure in controlling the Italian economy

13. Mussolini was jealous of
British and French colonies in
Africa
Ordered in invasion of
Ethiopia in 1935
The Ethiopian President
appealed for support from the
League of Nations.
The League condemned the
invasion, but did nothing else.

15. Who created it?:Who created it?: Benito
Mussolini
What are their beliefs?:What are their beliefs?: A
totalitarian, ultra-
nationalist, anti-communist
and anti-liberalism political
movement.
•The state is more
important than the
individual.
Where did it start?:Where did it start?: Italy
When did it start?:When did it start?: 1919

16. Marxism was regarded as the enemy
because it promoted class struggle and
the rise of the proletariat or laborers.
Fascists felt that this class-division
would weaken the state
Felt that each class had their own place
and special role in society
Why hate Commies?Why hate Commies?

17. The Fascisti formed armed squads of war
veterans called Blackshirts (or squadristi) to
terrorize socialists, anarchists, and
communists. The government rarely
interfered.

18. Who created it?:Who created it?:
Benito Mussolini
What are their beliefs?:What are their beliefs?:
A totalitarian, nationalist, anti-communist and
anti-liberalism political movement.
Where and when did it start?:Where and when did it start?:
Italy, 1919
Why was it popular? Why was it popular?
Italy’s former government was unable to solve the
economic problems after WWI. They were seen as
weak and ineffectual.

19. Nazi’s take hold of Germany

21. Their symbol was the
Swastika, an ancient
cross with the arms
bent at right angles in
the middle found in
ancient China, Egypt
and India. It was also
used by Native
Americans as well as
early Christians. The
Nazi’s adopted this
cross when they
mistakenly thought it
was an Aryan symbol.

22. •Influenced Hitler to
start the Fascist
movement in
Germany
•Hitler modeled
economic and political
policies after him
•Hitler emulated
Mussolini’s “March on
Rome” with his
“Campaign in Berlin”

23. •Inspired by Mussolini’s takeover of
Italy, Hitler and the Nazis planned
to take over Munich
•Hitler was arrested
•Wrote Mein Kampf while in prison
– set forth his beliefs and goals for
Germany,
•Out raged at the Treaty of Versailles
•Aryans were the master race
•Jews, Slavs, and Gypsies are inferior

24. •Written while Hitler was in prison
for trying to overtake Munich
(1925)
•Describes “Aryans” (whom Hitler
incorrectly identified as being
German) as a “Master Race”
•Stated that Germany was
overcrowded and would attain
more living space (lebensraum) by
invading and conquering Eastern
Europe and Russia

25. Extracts from 'Mein Kampf' on racial purity:
'The stronger must dominate and not mate with the weaker,
which would signify the sacrifice of its own higher culture'.
Extracts from 'Mein Kampf' on the Jews:
'If the Jews were the only people in the world they would be
wallowing in filth and mire and would exploit one another and try to
exterminate one another in a bitter struggle, which shows in itself in
their cowardly spirit … The black haired Jewish youth lies in wait for
hours on end, satanically glaring at and spying on the unsuspicious
girl whom he plans to seduce, adulterating her blood…'
Extracts from 'Mein Kampf' on the mentally and physically
disabled:
'Those who are physically and mentally unhealthy and unfit
must not perpetuate their own suffering in their bodies of their
children…'
Extracts from 'Mein Kampf' on democracy:
'Democracy as practiced in Western Europe today, is the
forerunner of Marxism [Communism] … By the introduction of
parliamentary democracy an abortion of filth and fire was
created…'

26. Hitler revives the Nazi Party after leaving prison, but is largely
ignored until Germany’s economic collapse
Germans turned to Hitler for leadership, hoping for security
Der Führer (the leader) of the Nazi party
January
1933: Hitler
named
Chancellor
Hitler calls for
new elections;
blames Parliament
fire on Communists;
wins majority vote
Hitler bans all
other political
parties and has
opponents
arrested
The
Schutzstaffel
(SS) are
created
Strikes,
labor unions
outlawed;
gov’t takes
over
businesses
Uses Propaganda,
fear, book burning,
and indoctrination
to gain popular
support

27. •By 1933 however
Hitler was the
chancellor of Germany.
•The Nazi’s had risen
from obscurity to
power, total power.
• Storm troopers
intimidated voters into
giving Hitler dictatorial
powers.

28. •National Socialist German
Workers’ Party, Nazi for short
•German fascist movement
•not only extremely anti-
communist, but also very anti-
Semitic.
•Set up a private militia called
storm troopers or Brown Shirts
(secret police)

29. Storm Troopers: Storm Troopers: called "brownshirts" for the color called "brownshirts" for the color
of their uniforms; specialist military troops used in of their uniforms; specialist military troops used in
Hitler’s rise to powerHitler’s rise to power
The SS: The SS: an elite, black-uniformed military police an elite, black-uniformed military police
unit; replaced the Storm Troopers; guilty for the unit; replaced the Storm Troopers; guilty for the
worst of the human atrocities of the war.worst of the human atrocities of the war.
Gestapo: Gestapo: official secret police of Nazi Germanyofficial secret police of Nazi Germany

30. •Schoolboys aged 10-18 years old
were required to join the Hitler
Youth (the League of German
Girls for females)
•It was a paramilitary
organization of the Nazi Party
•many HJ activities closely
resembled military training, with
weapons training, assault course
circuits and basic tactics. Some
cruelty by the older boys toward
the younger ones was tolerated
and even encouraged, since it was
believed this would weed out the
unfit and harden the rest.
•The HJ wore uniforms very like
those of the Storm Troopers, with
similar ranks and insignia.

31. •German totalitarianism included the censorship of
every aspect of social life
•News, Radio, Film, Literature, Painting were all
used as methods of propaganda.
•Books that didn’t conform to Nazi ideals were burned in
huge bonfires
•Churches were forbidden to criticize the Nazi
government.

32. •Emperor Hirohito- a figure
head
•Difficult economic times in
Japan after World War I
undermined the country’s
political system.
•Military leaders take
control of country
•Want to solve economic
problems through foreign
expansion

33. •Japan has investments
in Manchuria, Chinese
province
•In 1931, Japanese army
seizes Manchuria
•League of Nation
Protests action; Japan
withdraws from League
•In 1937, Japan
launches war on China