The Rules of Tajweed booklet online free
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Jul 03, 2024
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About This Presentation
tajweed
Slide Content
RR-T1
The Rules of Tajweed
Uzair Abdussamad
دمصلا دبع ريزع
[email protected]
PART 1:
INTRODUCTION TO
TAJWEED
The Rules of Tajweed
Uzair Abdussamad
دمصلا دبع ريزع
[email protected]
PART 1:
INTRODUCTION TO
TAJWEED
What is Tajweed?
Linguisticdefinition:“Tobetter”or“Toimprove”
Technicaldefinition:TorecitetheQur’anbygivingeveryletteritsdueright
throughpronouncingitfromitsrespectivearticulationpointandobservingits
precisecharacteristic.
Alternativedefinition:Toobservethecorrectrulesofrecitation,sowerecite
accordingtotherecitationoftheProphetﷺ
ThesmallestscienceinShari’ah,butoneofthemostimportant!
ديجديوتج
Linguisticdefinition:“Tobetter”or“Toimprove”
Technicaldefinition:TorecitetheQur’anbygivingeveryletteritsdueright
throughpronouncingitfromitsrespectivearticulationpointandobservingits
precisecharacteristic.
Alternativedefinition:Toobservethecorrectrulesofrecitation,sowerecite
accordingtotherecitationoftheProphetﷺ
ThesmallestscienceinShari’ah,butoneofthemostimportant!
ديجديوتج
WHY IS TAJWEED IMPORTANT?
“Recite it with its true recital”
Allah says:
“Those to whom we have given the Book recite it with its true recital, they are
the ones who believe in it.” (2:121)
•The Rulings of Tajweed have all come from the Prophet ﷺhimself in a
practical manner as a result of the instruction of Angel Jibril هيلعملاسلا.
•The practical manner of reciting the Qur’an was then taught from the
Prophet ﷺto the companions and was thereafter passed on to the following
generation via chains of oral transmission.
“Recite it with its true recital”
Allah says:
“Those to whom we have given the Book recite it with its true recital, they are
the ones who believe in it.” (2:121)
•The Rulings of Tajweed have all come from the Prophet ﷺhimself in a
practical manner as a result of the instruction of Angel Jibril هيلعملاسلا.
•The practical manner of reciting the Qur’an was then taught from the
Prophet ﷺto the companions and was thereafter passed on to the following
generation via chains of oral transmission.
Why is Tajweed important?
“.. And recite the Qur’an with
measured recitation (73:4)
Allah says:
In Imam al-Jazari’sTayyibat-an-Nashr, he
mentions the statement of the great companion
Ali ibn Abi Talib هنع الله يضرwho says:
“Tarteelmeans to read/pronounce the letters
with Tajweed and having knowledge of where to
pause.”
We will focus on
the theory
behind reciting
the Qur’an with
Tarteel
Abdullah ibn Amr ibn al-Aas الله يضر
هنعstated that the Prophet ﷺsaid, “To
the person with the Qur’an, it is said,
“Recite and ascend! Recite measuredly just
as you used to recite in the world! Your
rank will be at the last verse you recite.”
(Abu Dawud, Tirmidhi, Nasai)
“.. And recite the Qur’an with
measured recitation (73:4)
Allah says:
In Imam al-Jazari’sTayyibat-an-Nashr, he
mentions the statement of the great companion
Ali ibn Abi Talib هنع الله يضرwho says:
“Tarteelmeans to read/pronounce the letters
with Tajweed and having knowledge of where to
pause.”
We will focus on
the theory
behind reciting
the Qur’an with
Tarteel
Abdullah ibn Amr ibn al-Aas الله يضر
هنعstated that the Prophet ﷺsaid, “To
the person with the Qur’an, it is said,
“Recite and ascend! Recite measuredly just
as you used to recite in the world! Your
rank will be at the last verse you recite.”
(Abu Dawud, Tirmidhi, Nasai)
Why is Tajweed Important?
Imam al-Jazariin his famous poem Muqaddimahal-Jazariyyahsays:
ثم آ ن آرقلا ححصي لم نم مزلا تمح ديوجتلبا ذخألاو
لاصو انيلإا هنم اذكهو لازنأآ لهإلاا هب هنأل
And applying the rules of Tajweed is an issue of absolute
necessity
Whoever doesn’t read the Qur’an correctly is a sinner,
Because with it, Allah has revealed the Qur’an,
and it is in this way it has reached us.”
Imam al-Jazariin his famous poem Muqaddimahal-Jazariyyahsays:
ثم آ ن آرقلا ححصي لم نم مزلا تمح ديوجتلبا ذخألاو
لاصو انيلإا هنم اذكهو لازنأآ لهإلاا هب هنأل
And applying the rules of Tajweed is an issue of absolute
necessity
Whoever doesn’t read the Qur’an correctly is a sinner,
Because with it, Allah has revealed the Qur’an,
and it is in this way it has reached us.”
Why is Tajweed Important?
Sheikh Saalihal-Usaymeesays in his poem
“A Description of the Stages in Attaining the Qur’an”:
عدتبتف مهجنه نع لتم لاو عبتاو باحصلا راس ماك سرف
“Do as the companions did and follow,
And waiver not from their path, becoming an innovator.”
•Reciting the Qur’an incorrectly (deliberately) and choosing to
delve into other sciences of Shari’ahwithout learning the first
science (Tajweed) is not the way of the companions and scholars!
Sheikh Saalihal-Usaymeesays in his poem
“A Description of the Stages in Attaining the Qur’an”:
عدتبتف مهجنه نع لتم لاو عبتاو باحصلا راس ماك سرف
“Do as the companions did and follow,
And waiver not from their path, becoming an innovator.”
•Reciting the Qur’an incorrectly (deliberately) and choosing to
delve into other sciences of Shari’ahwithout learning the first
science (Tajweed) is not the way of the companions and scholars!
Excellence of Tajweed
The smallest science in Shari’ah, but one of the most honourable!
It is related to the Speech of Your Creator, Allah!
Allows you to perfect an act of worship!
Learning how to recite the Qur’an correctly is you trying to fulfil the
first Sunnah of the many Sunanacts.
This is the Prophetic way! →The path of taking the Qur’an and its
recitation first.
The smallest science in Shari’ah, but one of the most honourable!
It is related to the Speech of Your Creator, Allah!
Allows you to perfect an act of worship!
Learning how to recite the Qur’an correctly is you trying to fulfil the
first Sunnah of the many Sunanacts.
This is the Prophetic way! →The path of taking the Qur’an and its
recitation first.
Rulings with Tajweed
There are 2 aspects to consider
Practical Application of Tajweed,
in other words, reciting the
Qur’an with Tajweed.
Theory of Tajweed, in other
words, having knowledge of the
rulings with regards to Tajweed.
Fardhal-Ayn Fardhal-Kifayah
At the time of revelation, the Arabs were already speaking with high levels of
eloquence, so the recitation of Qur’an was learnt by oral transmission. Overtime, as
Islam spread far and wide, the rules of Tajweed and Qira’ahbecame codified in order
for people to understand and apply into their recitation. But the most important part
of Tajweed is practical application!
There are 2 aspects to consider
Practical Application of Tajweed,
in other words, reciting the
Qur’an with Tajweed.
Theory of Tajweed, in other
words, having knowledge of the
rulings with regards to Tajweed.
Fardhal-Ayn Fardhal-Kifayah
At the time of revelation, the Arabs were already speaking with high levels of
eloquence, so the recitation of Qur’an was learnt by oral transmission. Overtime, as
Islam spread far and wide, the rules of Tajweed and Qira’ahbecame codified in order
for people to understand and apply into their recitation. But the most important part
of Tajweed is practical application!
An Analogy of Tajweed:
Taken from UstadhJamal
Correct Recitation of the Qur’an and Pronunciation of the letters are like
the vessel for the meaning of the verses you recite (its content).
The meaning of the verses you recite will take the shape of your
recitation just the way the liquid takes the shape of its vessel!
How is it befitting to reflect over verses you have incorrectly recited?
Taken from UstadhJamal
Correct Recitation of the Qur’an and Pronunciation of the letters are like
the vessel for the meaning of the verses you recite (its content).
The meaning of the verses you recite will take the shape of your
recitation just the way the liquid takes the shape of its vessel!
How is it befitting to reflect over verses you have incorrectly recited?
Reciters to Listen to:
The 3 Reciters that Impacted me
Even though I have not met them, these 3 reciters who mastered Qira’ahin
their lives, significantly impacted my life!
Sh. Mahmoud Khalil al-
Husaryالله همحر
Sh. Muhammad Siddiq al-
Minshawi
الله همحر
Sh. Muhammad Ayyub
الله همحر
The 3 Reciters that Impacted me
Even though I have not met them, these 3 reciters who mastered Qira’ahin
their lives, significantly impacted my life!
Sh. Mahmoud Khalil al-
Husaryالله همحر
Sh. Muhammad Siddiq al-
Minshawi
الله همحر
Sh. Muhammad Ayyub
الله همحر
Listening to the Correct Recitation
Listening is a vital part of developing your Tajweed, this is how the
companions learnt!
The Qur’an has not been sent down for entertainment,
Do you listen to the recitations solelyfor the melody/voice of a reciter?
Rather you should listen to reciters with immaculate Tajweed before their
beautiful voice!
This would then allow you to ponder over the verses properly!
The Prophet ﷺhas said: “Among the people who recite the Qur’an with the
most beautiful voice is the man who, when you hear him, you think that he
fears Allah ﷻ.” (Ibn Majah)
Listening is a vital part of developing your Tajweed, this is how the
companions learnt!
The Qur’an has not been sent down for entertainment,
Do you listen to the recitations solelyfor the melody/voice of a reciter?
Rather you should listen to reciters with immaculate Tajweed before their
beautiful voice!
This would then allow you to ponder over the verses properly!
The Prophet ﷺhas said: “Among the people who recite the Qur’an with the
most beautiful voice is the man who, when you hear him, you think that he
fears Allah ﷻ.” (Ibn Majah)
Major & Minor Mistakes
ليج ن� &يفخ ن�
Major mistakes: Clear and Obvious mistakes
Regardless of whether they change the meaning or not.
Considered to be Haram (forbidden) by consensus of the scholars.
Minor mistakes: Unclear and Hidden mistakes.
Don’t change the meaning.
General Muslim who has not studied Tajweed may not be aware of these
Considered to be Makruh(disliked) by consensus of the scholars.
ليج ن� &يفخ ن�
Major mistakes: Clear and Obvious mistakes
Regardless of whether they change the meaning or not.
Considered to be Haram (forbidden) by consensus of the scholars.
Minor mistakes: Unclear and Hidden mistakes.
Don’t change the meaning.
General Muslim who has not studied Tajweed may not be aware of these
Considered to be Makruh(disliked) by consensus of the scholars.
Major Mistakes Minor Mistakes
Changing a letter into another
(pronunciation)
Not observing the characteristics of
letters correctly
Changing a vowel into another vowelNot observing the Rulings of Tajweed
Extending the length of a vowel AND not
extending a stretched vowel (madd)
Stopping/beginning in incorrect places
within the verses →Problematic
meaning
MAJOR & MINOR MISTAKES
ليج ن� &يفخ ن�
Changing a letter into another
(pronunciation)
Not observing the characteristics of
letters correctly
Changing a vowel into another vowelNot observing the Rulings of Tajweed
Extending the length of a vowel AND not
extending a stretched vowel (madd)
Stopping/beginning in incorrect places
within the verses →Problematic
meaning
MAJOR & MINOR MISTAKES
ليج ن� &يفخ ن�
The Harakat (vowels) & stretching
3 vowels in the Arabic Language: Fathah, Kasrah, Dhammah.
They vowels should be short and sharp in length, to allow fluent recitation.
Each vowel may be stretched by the Hurufal-Madd: ي و ا
ب با
ب ي ب
ب يو ب
3 vowels in the Arabic Language: Fathah, Kasrah, Dhammah.
They vowels should be short and sharp in length, to allow fluent recitation.
Each vowel may be stretched by the Hurufal-Madd: ي و ا
ب با
ب ي ب
ب يو ب
Joining
Sukun& Shaddah
A letter with Sukunmust be read without any vowel sounds.
You must hold onto the sound/pronunciation of the respective letter.
The vowel of the preceding letter must attach/join onto the letter with
Sukun.
A Shaddahon a letter means that the letter will be ‘doubled’
The sound of the letter is ‘pulled’ due to the internal Sukunand then the
sound is released by the respective vowel on the letter.
The vowel of the preceding letter must attach/join onto the letter with
Shaddah.
Sukun& Shaddah
A letter with Sukunmust be read without any vowel sounds.
You must hold onto the sound/pronunciation of the respective letter.
The vowel of the preceding letter must attach/join onto the letter with
Sukun.
A Shaddahon a letter means that the letter will be ‘doubled’
The sound of the letter is ‘pulled’ due to the internal Sukunand then the
sound is released by the respective vowel on the letter.
The vowel of the preceding letter must attach/join onto the letter with
Shaddah.
Some Etiquettes
Isti’adhahis to seek refuge from Shaytan.
The scholars say it is Mustahabb(recommended) to say this before reciting.
Others say it is Wajib(obligatory)
Thus, it is best to say it when you are first beginning your recitation.
Scholars say it is necessaryto say before beginning any Surah(except Surah Tawbah)
Permissible to say before starting anywhere else in the Qur’an.
Isti’adhahis to seek refuge from Shaytan.
The scholars say it is Mustahabb(recommended) to say this before reciting.
Others say it is Wajib(obligatory)
Thus, it is best to say it when you are first beginning your recitation.
Scholars say it is necessaryto say before beginning any Surah(except Surah Tawbah)
Permissible to say before starting anywhere else in the Qur’an.
The Different Scripts
Most common scripts of the Qur’an today are the MadinahScript & South-
Asian Script.
Read from the script you are most comfortable and familiar with!
(Taken from Safar Publications)
Most common scripts of the Qur’an today are the MadinahScript & South-
Asian Script.
Read from the script you are most comfortable and familiar with!
(Taken from Safar Publications)
RR-T1
The Rules of Tajweed
Uzair Abdussamad
دمصلا دبع ريزع
[email protected]
PART 2:
MAKHARIJ AL-
HURUF
The Rules of Tajweed
Uzair Abdussamad
دمصلا دبع ريزع
[email protected]
PART 2:
MAKHARIJ AL-
HURUF
Some Motivation
Never feel down about where you are with your abilities in reciting!
Even if it’s from scratch, start now! The Qur’an shouldn’t be treated as a
subject!
In every aspect, the Qur’an is a personal journey! Have patience and persevere!
For 10 years during the MakkanPeriod, the Prophet ﷺwas rejected and
humiliated despite him having these same words revealed to him!
The one who learns one verse of Qur’an, ponders over it and acts upon it is
better than the one who has learnt the entire Qur’an but does not act upon it!
Shaytanwill target you a lot more when you are on your journey with the
Qur’an!
Don’t let Shaytanbring you down.
“We have not sent down to you the Qur'an that you be distressed”
(20:2)
Never feel down about where you are with your abilities in reciting!
Even if it’s from scratch, start now! The Qur’an shouldn’t be treated as a
subject!
In every aspect, the Qur’an is a personal journey! Have patience and persevere!
For 10 years during the MakkanPeriod, the Prophet ﷺwas rejected and
humiliated despite him having these same words revealed to him!
The one who learns one verse of Qur’an, ponders over it and acts upon it is
better than the one who has learnt the entire Qur’an but does not act upon it!
Shaytanwill target you a lot more when you are on your journey with the
Qur’an!
Don’t let Shaytanbring you down.
“We have not sent down to you the Qur'an that you be distressed”
(20:2)
Makharijal-Huruf
From the definition of Ali ibn Abi Talib هنع الله ضير:
1)فور�ا ديوتج
2) فوقولا ةفرعم
1)فور�ا جرا�
2)فور�ا تافص
From the definition of Ali ibn Abi Talib هنع الله ضير:
1)فور�ا ديوتج
2) فوقولا ةفرعم
1)فور�ا جرا�
2)فور�ا تافص
Makharijal-Huruf
The Articulation Points of Letters.
Where the letters originate from.
The Great Imam al-Jazarisays in his Muqaddimahal-Jazariyyah:
اوملعي نأآ لاوأآ عوشرلا لبق تم� ميهلع بجاو ذإا
تاغللا حصفأأب اوظفليل تافصلاو فور�ا جرا�
“It is without doubt compulsory for the reciter,
to know before starting (recitation):
The articulation points and characteristics of letter
So that they can articulate in the most eloquent of languages.”
The Articulation Points of Letters.
Where the letters originate from.
The Great Imam al-Jazarisays in his Muqaddimahal-Jazariyyah:
اوملعي نأآ لاوأآ عوشرلا لبق تم� ميهلع بجاو ذإا
تاغللا حصفأأب اوظفليل تافصلاو فور�ا جرا�
“It is without doubt compulsory for the reciter,
to know before starting (recitation):
The articulation points and characteristics of letter
So that they can articulate in the most eloquent of languages.”
Makharijal-Huruf
There are 17 articulation points over 5 organs of speech.
-There are 5 organs of speech:
1)Al-Jawf:The empty space in the chest and mouth.
2)Al-Halq:The throat.
3)Al-Lisaan:The tongue.
4)Ash-Shafataan: The lips.
5)Al-Khayshum: The nasal cavity.
There are 17 articulation points over 5 organs of speech.
-There are 5 organs of speech:
1)Al-Jawf:The empty space in the chest and mouth.
2)Al-Halq:The throat.
3)Al-Lisaan:The tongue.
4)Ash-Shafataan: The lips.
5)Al-Khayshum: The nasal cavity.
Al-Jawf: فو�ا
The Oral Cavity
The 3 letters of Maddcome from the empty space in the chest and mouth.
So any time the vowels are stretched, the sound given off should originate from
the oral cavity
So there is only 1 Articulation Point within the Oral Cavity, as it is empty space!
ي و ا
Hurufal-Madd
In the state of
Madd, they are
from Al-Jawf!
The Oral Cavity
The 3 letters of Maddcome from the empty space in the chest and mouth.
So any time the vowels are stretched, the sound given off should originate from
the oral cavity
So there is only 1 Articulation Point within the Oral Cavity, as it is empty space!
ي و ا
Hurufal-Madd
In the state of
Madd, they are
from Al-Jawf!
Al-Halq: قل�ا
The Throat
6 letters
3 Articulation Points
Articulation Points Letters
Bottom of the throat
قل�ا صىقأآ
ه ء
Middle of the throat
قل�ا طسو
ح ع
Top of the throat
قل�ا نىدأآ
خ غ
The Throat
6 letters
3 Articulation Points
Articulation Points Letters
Bottom of the throat
قل�ا صىقأآ
ه ء
Middle of the throat
قل�ا طسو
ح ع
Top of the throat
قل�ا نىدأآ
خ غ
Alif & Hamza: The Difference
Alifis a consonant and is used to STRETCH the Fathaof its preceding
letter
It never has a Harakah
Nor does it ever appear at the beginning of words, rather it depends
on the preceding letter
Hamzah is a letter that is defined with a Harakah! ا ا ا
Physically appears in different forms: إا أآ ئ ؤ ء
اتكلاب
Alifis a consonant and is used to STRETCH the Fathaof its preceding
letter
It never has a Harakah
Nor does it ever appear at the beginning of words, rather it depends
on the preceding letter
Hamzah is a letter that is defined with a Harakah! ا ا ا
Physically appears in different forms: إا أآ ئ ؤ ء
اتكلاب
Al-Lisan:ناسللا
The Tongue
18 Letters
10 Articulation Points
Articulation Point Letters
Deepest part of the Tongue
ق
Back of the Tongue
ك
Middle of the Tongue
ي ش ج
Sides of the Tongue
ض
Front sides of the Tongue
ل
The Tongue
18 Letters
10 Articulation Points
Articulation Point Letters
Deepest part of the Tongue
ق
Back of the Tongue
ك
Middle of the Tongue
ي ش ج
Sides of the Tongue
ض
Front sides of the Tongue
ل
Al-Lisan
The Tongue
18 Letters
10 Articulation Points
Articulation Point Letters
Tip of the Tongue with the gums
above the upper front 2 teeth ن
Top of the Tip of the tongue with
the gums above the upper front 2
teeth
ر
Tip of the Tongue with the roots of
the upper front 2 teeth ط د ت
Tip of the Tongue with the edge of
the upper front 2 teeth ظ ذ ث
Tip of the Tongue slightly touches
the inner part of the bottom 2
teeth
ز ص س
The Tongue
18 Letters
10 Articulation Points
Articulation Point Letters
Tip of the Tongue with the gums
above the upper front 2 teeth ن
Top of the Tip of the tongue with
the gums above the upper front 2
teeth
ر
Tip of the Tongue with the roots of
the upper front 2 teeth ط د ت
Tip of the Tongue with the edge of
the upper front 2 teeth ظ ذ ث
Tip of the Tongue slightly touches
the inner part of the bottom 2
teeth
ز ص س
Ash-Shafatan
The Lips
4 letters
2 Articulation Points
Articulation Point Letters
Bottom lip (with the
upper front 2 teeth) ف
Both lips
و م ب
The Lips
4 letters
2 Articulation Points
Articulation Point Letters
Bottom lip (with the
upper front 2 teeth) ف
Both lips
و م ب
Al-Khayshum
The Nasal Cavity
No letters!
The Quality of Ghunnahoriginates from here!
Accompanying quality of نand م
1 Articulation Point
ةنغ
The Nasal Cavity
No letters!
The Quality of Ghunnahoriginates from here!
Accompanying quality of نand م
1 Articulation Point
ةنغ
Isolation Method
Rather than saying the letter itself, it is more
effective to ISOLATE THE SOUND of a letter
Put a Sukunon the desired letter you want to
practice, and precede it with a Hamzah with all the
vowels
E.g. for the letter ع
يع
ِ
ا يعَآ يعُآ
Rather than saying the letter itself, it is more
effective to ISOLATE THE SOUND of a letter
Put a Sukunon the desired letter you want to
practice, and precede it with a Hamzah with all the
vowels
E.g. for the letter ع
يع
ِ
ا يعَآ يعُآ
Sifat al-Huruf
From the definition of Ali ibn Abi Talib الله ضير
هنع:
1)فور�ا ديوتج
2) فوقولا ةفرعم
1)فور�ا جرا�
2)فور�ا تافص
Linguistic definition: It is the plural of Sifah, which means attribute/characteristics
Technical definition: The way of describing the letter when it occurs at its
articulation point, which differentiates it from others (other letters)
From the definition of Ali ibn Abi Talib الله ضير
هنع:
1)فور�ا ديوتج
2) فوقولا ةفرعم
1)فور�ا جرا�
2)فور�ا تافص
Linguistic definition: It is the plural of Sifah, which means attribute/characteristics
Technical definition: The way of describing the letter when it occurs at its
articulation point, which differentiates it from others (other letters)
Analogy of Makharij& Sifat
Clothing
Type of clothing: E.g. Thobes→This is like Makhārij
Description of that clothing: Long-sleeve, collared, white thobe →This is Sifāt
For example, the bottom of the throat: ه ء
They share the same articulation but they differ in their qualities
All of these are thobes, but they differ in
their colour, material, design etc.
ه ء
These are bottom of the throat letters,
but they differ in their qualities
Clothing
Type of clothing: E.g. Thobes→This is like Makhārij
Description of that clothing: Long-sleeve, collared, white thobe →This is Sifāt
For example, the bottom of the throat: ه ء
They share the same articulation but they differ in their qualities
All of these are thobes, but they differ in
their colour, material, design etc.
ه ء
These are bottom of the throat letters,
but they differ in their qualities
Sifat al-Huruf
Allows you to perfect your pronunciation of the letters by giving them its due right
Gives you an insight to the nature of each letter
Allows distinction of letters that share the same Makhraj.
Without application of Sifāt, the letter would sound incorrect or even like another letter.
The observation of Sifātis one of the main components to an excellent recitation.
There are 2 types of Sifāt.
ةمزلالا تافص
Permanent Characteristics
ةضراعلا تافص
Temporary Characteristics
دض اهلدض اهل سيل
Allows you to perfect your pronunciation of the letters by giving them its due right
Gives you an insight to the nature of each letter
Allows distinction of letters that share the same Makhraj.
Without application of Sifāt, the letter would sound incorrect or even like another letter.
The observation of Sifātis one of the main components to an excellent recitation.
There are 2 types of Sifāt.
ةمزلالا تافص
Permanent Characteristics
ةضراعلا تافص
Temporary Characteristics
دض اهلدض اهل سيل
Sifat al-Lazimahwith Opposites
ةمزلالا تافص :دض اهل
There are 5 Sifaatwith opposites.
These Sifaatare important to know as they are accompanying qualities of the
letter when pronounced.
My tip: don’t overwhelm yourself with memorising and remembering the letters
for each Sifaat
Main thing is to ensure you can apply them properly
Use it as a tool to perfect your pronunciation
The 5 categories:
➢Breath
➢Sound of the letter
➢Elevation/lowering of the back of the
tongue
➢Closure/openness of the mouth
➢Quickness in pronunciation
ةمزلالا تافص :دض اهل
There are 5 Sifaatwith opposites.
These Sifaatare important to know as they are accompanying qualities of the
letter when pronounced.
My tip: don’t overwhelm yourself with memorising and remembering the letters
for each Sifaat
Main thing is to ensure you can apply them properly
Use it as a tool to perfect your pronunciation
The 5 categories:
➢Breath
➢Sound of the letter
➢Elevation/lowering of the back of the
tongue
➢Closure/openness of the mouth
➢Quickness in pronunciation
Sifat al-Lazimahwith opposites
the breath
Al-Jahr
ره�ا
Blockingthe breath from running
upon articulation
Remaining letters
Al-Hams
سملها
Allowing the breath to runupon
articulation
ت ك س ص خ ش ه ث ح ف
ي ش ه�ث ح ف يْ ك س ٌ صLow level of Hams
the breath
Al-Jahr
ره�ا
Blockingthe breath from running
upon articulation
Remaining letters
Al-Hams
سملها
Allowing the breath to runupon
articulation
ت ك س ص خ ش ه ث ح ف
ي ش ه�ث ح ف يْ ك س ٌ صLow level of Hams
Sifat al-Lazimahwith Opposites
The Sound of the Letter
Ash-Shiddah
ةدشلا
Imprisoningthe sound
of the letter upon
articulation
ت ك ب ط ق د ج ء
Ar-Rikhawah
ةواخرلا
Running the sound
of the letter upon
articulation
Remaining letters
ير عُ ين ل
At-Tawassut
طسوتلا
Partially
imprisoning/running the
sound of the letter upon
articulation
ر م ع ن ل
ك ب ٍط ق يد جَآ يْ
The Sound of the Letter
Ash-Shiddah
ةدشلا
Imprisoningthe sound
of the letter upon
articulation
ت ك ب ط ق د ج ء
Ar-Rikhawah
ةواخرلا
Running the sound
of the letter upon
articulation
Remaining letters
ير عُ ين ل
At-Tawassut
طسوتلا
Partially
imprisoning/running the
sound of the letter upon
articulation
ر م ع ن ل
ك ب ٍط ق يد جَآ يْ
Al-Isti’laa’
ءلاعت سإلاا
Elevation of the back of the tongue
towards the roof of the mouth when
pronouncing a letter.
ظ ق ط غ ض ص خ
Al-Istifaal
لافت سإلاا
Lowering the back of tongue
when pronouncing the letter.
Remaining Letters
ٍطيغ ض �ص خظ ق يمخفتلا فورح
Sifat al-Lazimahwith Opposites
The Back of the Tongue
ءلاعت سإلاا
Elevation of the back of the tongue
towards the roof of the mouth when
pronouncing a letter.
ظ ق ط غ ض ص خ
Al-Istifaal
لافت سإلاا
Lowering the back of tongue
when pronouncing the letter.
Remaining Letters
ٍطيغ ض �ص خظ ق يمخفتلا فورح
Sifat al-Lazimahwith Opposites
The Back of the Tongue
Sifat al-Lazimahwith Opposites
Closure/openness
Al-Itbāq
قابطلإا
Elevation of the middle and sides of
the tongue so that the sound is
trapped at the roof of the mouth due
to closure of the mouth.
ظ ط ض ص
Al-Infitāh
حاتفنلإا
Lowering of the middle and sides of the
tongue so that there is space between it
and the roof of the mouth. The sound of
the letter is released due to openness.
Remaining letters
Closure/openness
Al-Itbāq
قابطلإا
Elevation of the middle and sides of
the tongue so that the sound is
trapped at the roof of the mouth due
to closure of the mouth.
ظ ط ض ص
Al-Infitāh
حاتفنلإا
Lowering of the middle and sides of the
tongue so that there is space between it
and the roof of the mouth. The sound of
the letter is released due to openness.
Remaining letters
Sifat al-Lazimahwith opposites
Quickness of Pronunciation
Al-Idhlāq
قلاذإلاا
Letters that are quick/fluent in
pronunciation due to the ease of
articulation at the tip of the tongue
and at the lips .
ب ل ن م ر ف
Al-Ismāt
تماصإلاا
Letters that are not quick in
pronunciation
Remaining letters
ب ل ين م �ر ف
Quickness of Pronunciation
Al-Idhlāq
قلاذإلاا
Letters that are quick/fluent in
pronunciation due to the ease of
articulation at the tip of the tongue
and at the lips .
ب ل ن م ر ف
Al-Ismāt
تماصإلاا
Letters that are not quick in
pronunciation
Remaining letters
ب ل ين م �ر ف
Sifat al-Lazimahw/OUT opposites
دض اهل سيل تيلا ةمزلالا تافص
Ghunnah–ةنغ: The sound that comes from the nose when pronouncing م ن
Safeer –يرفص: The accompanying whistling sound that accompanies the
articulation of ز ص س
Takreer-ريركت: This is a characteristic that MUST BE AVOIDED. It accompanies
the articulation of رand is the trilling/rolling sound of the tongue.
Tafashshee–شيفت: This is the spreading of air and sound when pronouncing ش
Istitalah–لةاطت سإلاا: Known as elongation. This is a characteristic exclusive to the
pronunciation of ضin the state of Sukun. It involves pushing the tongue
forward from the back to the front.
Leen –ينللا: The ease in articulating ْي ْوwhen they are preceded with a
letter carrying a Fathah.
دض اهل سيل تيلا ةمزلالا تافص
Ghunnah–ةنغ: The sound that comes from the nose when pronouncing م ن
Safeer –يرفص: The accompanying whistling sound that accompanies the
articulation of ز ص س
Takreer-ريركت: This is a characteristic that MUST BE AVOIDED. It accompanies
the articulation of رand is the trilling/rolling sound of the tongue.
Tafashshee–شيفت: This is the spreading of air and sound when pronouncing ش
Istitalah–لةاطت سإلاا: Known as elongation. This is a characteristic exclusive to the
pronunciation of ضin the state of Sukun. It involves pushing the tongue
forward from the back to the front.
Leen –ينللا: The ease in articulating ْي ْوwhen they are preceded with a
letter carrying a Fathah.
Analysis of some letters
Bottom of the throat
ه ء
Bottom of the throat
ه ء
Analysis of some letters
Tip of the tongue
ط د ت
Tip of the tongue
ط د ت
Homework! ☺
Analyse the differences between the letters of the top of the throat.
Analyse the differences between the letters of the tip of the tongue with the
edge of the upper front 2 teeth.
Analyse the differences between the Safeerletters.
Name all the characteristics of the letter ض
Analyse the differences between the letters of the top of the throat.
Analyse the differences between the letters of the tip of the tongue with the
edge of the upper front 2 teeth.
Analyse the differences between the Safeerletters.
Name all the characteristics of the letter ض
RR-T1
The Rules of Tajweed
Uzair Abdussamad
دمصلا دبع ريزع
[email protected]
PART 4:
Introductory Rule
The Rules of Tajweed
Uzair Abdussamad
دمصلا دبع ريزع
[email protected]
PART 4:
Introductory Rule
Qalqala
Linguistic definition: Unrest
Technical definition: To echo the sound of a letter when it has a Sukun(Sakinahletter)
The main purpose of a Sukunis to hold/isolate the sound of the letter. However,
Qalqalaslightly disobeys this.
The letters of Qalqalaare:
د ج ب ط ق ج بيط ق ٍ د
ا يق أآ ْآ ر يط ح يم ه م ع يب ي ي ٌ ل ع ي ل يدايو ع
Linguistic definition: Unrest
Technical definition: To echo the sound of a letter when it has a Sukun(Sakinahletter)
The main purpose of a Sukunis to hold/isolate the sound of the letter. However,
Qalqalaslightly disobeys this.
The letters of Qalqalaare:
د ج ب ط ق ج بيط ق ٍ د
ا يق أآ ْآ ر يط ح يم ه م ع يب ي ي ٌ ل ع ي ل يدايو ع
Importance of Qalqala
Notice how all the letters of Qalqalaare letters of Shiddah.
Ash-Shiddah
ةدشلا
Imprisoningthe sound
of the letter upon
articulation
ت ك ب ط ق د ج ء
If we were to pronounce the
letters of Qalqalawithout the
echo, the sound of the letter
would not be heard!
So Qalqalaallows the sound these
letters to be heard in the state of
Sukun!
Notice the ending of each Ayah with and without Qalqala!
Notice how all the letters of Qalqalaare letters of Shiddah.
Ash-Shiddah
ةدشلا
Imprisoningthe sound
of the letter upon
articulation
ت ك ب ط ق د ج ء
If we were to pronounce the
letters of Qalqalawithout the
echo, the sound of the letter
would not be heard!
So Qalqalaallows the sound these
letters to be heard in the state of
Sukun!
Notice the ending of each Ayah with and without Qalqala!
The levels of Qalqala
The distinction of the echo can vary depending on where the Qalqalaoccurs!
When the Qalqalaoccurs in the middle of a word/ayah
When you stop on a Qalqalaletter that becomes a
temporary Sukun. Also, when you stop on a temporary
sukunand Qalqalahoccurs before.
Highest
Lowest
ٌ د حأآ
ٌ ليب ح
�ب ت و فيلا و يج ر
The distinction of the echo can vary depending on where the Qalqalaoccurs!
When the Qalqalaoccurs in the middle of a word/ayah
When you stop on a Qalqalaletter that becomes a
temporary Sukun. Also, when you stop on a temporary
sukunand Qalqalahoccurs before.
Highest
Lowest
ٌ د حأآ
ٌ ليب ح
�ب ت و فيلا و يج ر
Demonstration
RR-T1
The Rules of Tajweed
Uzair Abdussamad
دمصلا دبع ريزع
[email protected]
PART 5:
Tafkheem& Tarqeeq
The Rules of Tajweed
Uzair Abdussamad
دمصلا دبع ريزع
[email protected]
PART 5:
Tafkheem& Tarqeeq
Tafkheem& Its Letters
Linguistic Definition: To make thick
Technical Definition: To pronounce a letter with heaviness such that you have a
full mouth of resonance.
Tafkheemis a fruit of Al-Isti’lā’
The mouth sounds like it is full when raising the back of the tongue.
ةمخفملا فورح/ميخفتلا
In all cases, these letters will sound heavy.
ظ ق ط غ ض ص خ
ٍطيغ ض �ص خظ ق
Linguistic Definition: To make thick
Technical Definition: To pronounce a letter with heaviness such that you have a
full mouth of resonance.
Tafkheemis a fruit of Al-Isti’lā’
The mouth sounds like it is full when raising the back of the tongue.
ةمخفملا فورح/ميخفتلا
In all cases, these letters will sound heavy.
ظ ق ط غ ض ص خ
ٍطيغ ض �ص خظ ق
The Levels of Tafkheem
Despite always being read with Tafkheem, the reciter must consider the
different conditions these letter may be in.
As a consequence, the level of heaviness can vary depending on what the
Tafkheemletter carries.
When the Tafkheemletter has a Fathawith Alif لا ق
When the Tafkheemletter has a Fathaalone َقَلَخ
When the Tafkheemletter has a Dhammah/Stretched Dhammahاْو
ُ
لْو
ُ
ق
When the Tafkheemletter has a Sukun
ْ
أَر
ْ
قا
When the Tafkheemletter has a Kasrah/Stretched Kasrah َلْيِق
Highest
Lowest
Despite always being read with Tafkheem, the reciter must consider the
different conditions these letter may be in.
As a consequence, the level of heaviness can vary depending on what the
Tafkheemletter carries.
When the Tafkheemletter has a Fathawith Alif لا ق
When the Tafkheemletter has a Fathaalone َقَلَخ
When the Tafkheemletter has a Dhammah/Stretched Dhammahاْو
ُ
لْو
ُ
ق
When the Tafkheemletter has a Sukun
ْ
أَر
ْ
قا
When the Tafkheemletter has a Kasrah/Stretched Kasrah َلْيِق
Highest
Lowest
Letters subject to both Tafkheemor
Tarqeeq
Letters can be categorised according to Tafkheemor Tarqeeq.
1)Letters that will always possess the quality of
Tafkheem
2)Letters that are subject to both Tafkheemor
Tarqeeq
3)Letters that will always possess the quality of
Tarqeeq
Tarqeeq
Letters can be categorised according to Tafkheemor Tarqeeq.
1)Letters that will always possess the quality of
Tafkheem
2)Letters that are subject to both Tafkheemor
Tarqeeq
3)Letters that will always possess the quality of
Tarqeeq
Alif: Tafkheemor Tarqeeq?
Alifis a letter used to stretch the Fathahof the preceding letter
Hence why we say Alifat best is a weak letter, since it depends on the preceding letter!
Therefore, if it precedes a Tafkheemletter with Fathah, it will be read with Tafkheem.
The stretched vowel has a sound that is heavy/full.
However, if the preceding letter is a letter of Tarqeeq, then the Alif will in turn be read with
Tarqeeq.
لا أ�ض يين ل
ك ن
Alifis a letter used to stretch the Fathahof the preceding letter
Hence why we say Alifat best is a weak letter, since it depends on the preceding letter!
Therefore, if it precedes a Tafkheemletter with Fathah, it will be read with Tafkheem.
The stretched vowel has a sound that is heavy/full.
However, if the preceding letter is a letter of Tarqeeq, then the Alif will in turn be read with
Tarqeeq.
لا أ�ض يين ل
ك ن
Letters Subject to both Tafkheemor
Tarqeeq
Lāmof the name of Allah الله
Imam al-Jazarisays in his Muqaddimahal-Jazariyyah:
ك ضم وأآ حتف نع الله سما نم ملالا مفخو :الله دبع
“Make Tafkheemof the Laamof the name of Allah,
(if it is preceded) by a Fathahor Dhammahas in: الله دبع”
Tarqeeq
Lāmof the name of Allah الله
Imam al-Jazarisays in his Muqaddimahal-Jazariyyah:
ك ضم وأآ حتف نع الله سما نم ملالا مفخو :الله دبع
“Make Tafkheemof the Laamof the name of Allah,
(if it is preceded) by a Fathahor Dhammahas in: الله دبع”
Lam of the Name of Allah
If the letter before the Lam of the name of Allahcarries a Fathahor Dhammah, the letter
Lam will be pronounced with Tafkheem.
If the letter before the Lam of the name of Allahcarries a Kasrah, the letter Lam will be
pronounced with Tarqeeq
يض ف الله ل م الله ن
يس ب الله م
If the letter before the Lam of the name of Allahcarries a Fathahor Dhammah, the letter
Lam will be pronounced with Tafkheem.
If the letter before the Lam of the name of Allahcarries a Kasrah, the letter Lam will be
pronounced with Tarqeeq
يض ف الله ل م الله ن
يس ب الله م
The Letter Ra, ر
Letters that are subject to Tafkheem& Tarqeeq
The letter Ra is a letter that can be read with both Tafkheemor Tarqeeq.
But this depends on conditions
Like any other letter, Racan come in 2 states:
Ra Mutaharrikah: When it carries a Harakah. ➔ ر ر ر
Ra Sakinah: When it carries a Sukun➔ ير
Letters that are subject to Tafkheem& Tarqeeq
The letter Ra is a letter that can be read with both Tafkheemor Tarqeeq.
But this depends on conditions
Like any other letter, Racan come in 2 states:
Ra Mutaharrikah: When it carries a Harakah. ➔ ر ر ر
Ra Sakinah: When it carries a Sukun➔ ير
Ra Mutaharrikah
ةكرحتم ءار
When the letter Ra, رcarries a Fathahor Dhammahit should be read with
Tafkheem.
Pay attention to making these types of Ra, رdistinct to other letters that may
be Tarqeeq.
When the letter Ra, رcarries a Kasrahit should be read with Tarqeeq.
يدأآا ر ك ر ي كُ ب را م ب
ر ٌ حيي ر نيو�ي ب
ةكرحتم ءار
When the letter Ra, رcarries a Fathahor Dhammahit should be read with
Tafkheem.
Pay attention to making these types of Ra, رdistinct to other letters that may
be Tarqeeq.
When the letter Ra, رcarries a Kasrahit should be read with Tarqeeq.
يدأآا ر ك ر ي كُ ب را م ب
ر ٌ حيي ر نيو�ي ب
Ra Sakinah
ةنكاس ءار
The General Principle: If the letter preceding Ra Sakinahcarries a Fathaor a
Dhammathen the Ra Sakinahwill be pronounced with Tafkheem. If the letter
preceding Ra Sakinahcarries a Kasrahthen the Ra Sakinahwill be pronounced
with Tarqeeq.
If you stop (do waqf) on the letter Ra, and it becomes a temporary Sukun,
then it will follow this rule, ONLY WHEN STOPPING.
ير ا ل س يلا ير ق ن آ ف يرنيو ع
ك�تلا كُا هيلا ر ث
�سرلا لَيب ت ميو ي آ ر ئ
ةنكاس ءار
The General Principle: If the letter preceding Ra Sakinahcarries a Fathaor a
Dhammathen the Ra Sakinahwill be pronounced with Tafkheem. If the letter
preceding Ra Sakinahcarries a Kasrahthen the Ra Sakinahwill be pronounced
with Tarqeeq.
If you stop (do waqf) on the letter Ra, and it becomes a temporary Sukun,
then it will follow this rule, ONLY WHEN STOPPING.
ير ا ل س يلا ير ق ن آ ف يرنيو ع
ك�تلا كُا هيلا ر ث
�سرلا لَيب ت ميو ي آ ر ئ
Ra Sakinah
ةنكاس ءار
What if the preceding letter is also a Sakinahletter?
This usually occurs when the Rabecomes a temporary Sukunupon stopping.
We must look at the letter preceding the Sakinahletter, as the sound of the vowel follows
through to the temporary Ra Sakinah.
يلا و ف يج ر
ص يف ٌ ر
ي س ٌ ر
ةنكاس ءار
What if the preceding letter is also a Sakinahletter?
This usually occurs when the Rabecomes a temporary Sukunupon stopping.
We must look at the letter preceding the Sakinahletter, as the sound of the vowel follows
through to the temporary Ra Sakinah.
يلا و ف يج ر
ص يف ٌ ر
ي س ٌ ر
Exceptions to the Principle of
Ra Sakinah
1.When the letter preceding Ra Sakinahis a YaSakinah, ْيthen the Ra Sakinahwill
be pronounced with Tarqeeq.
-Regardless of whether the letter before it has a Fatha/Dhammaor not!
-The middle of the tongue is raised when we pronounce the letter يand the back
of the tongue is lowered, hence Tarqeeqis done more easily upon pronunciation of
the Ra Sakinah.
خ ٌ يير
ص ب ٌ يير
Ra Sakinah
1.When the letter preceding Ra Sakinahis a YaSakinah, ْيthen the Ra Sakinahwill
be pronounced with Tarqeeq.
-Regardless of whether the letter before it has a Fatha/Dhammaor not!
-The middle of the tongue is raised when we pronounce the letter يand the back
of the tongue is lowered, hence Tarqeeqis done more easily upon pronunciation of
the Ra Sakinah.
خ ٌ يير
ص ب ٌ يير
Exceptions to the Principle of
Ra Sakinah
2. When the letter following Ra Sakinahis a TafkheemLetter, then the Ra Sakinah
will be pronounced with Tafkheem.
-Regardless of whether the letter before it has a Kasrah!
-This allows ease in pronunciation.
قا طير ٍس
ما صير دا
ف قير ٍة
Ra Sakinah
2. When the letter following Ra Sakinahis a TafkheemLetter, then the Ra Sakinah
will be pronounced with Tafkheem.
-Regardless of whether the letter before it has a Kasrah!
-This allows ease in pronunciation.
قا طير ٍس
ما صير دا
ف قير ٍة
What about the word ٍقير ف?
(Ash-Shu’ara:63)
The most well-known transmission of the Riwayahof Hafs ‘an ‘Asimis the way of Shatibiyyah
Hence, reciting via the way of Shatibiyyahallows Tafkheemor Tarqeeqof this Ra Sakinah.
The other well-known route of Hafs ‘an ‘Asimis the way of Tayyibah.
Some of the transmissions mentioned in Tayyibahan-Nashrmentions only Tarqeeqand others
mention only Tafkheem. But the Aslis what is mentioned above.
Imam al-Jazarisays in his Muqaddimahal-Jazariyyah:
في فل�او :قرف , دجوي سركل
“There are different allowed ways (Tafkheem& Tarqeeq
of ءار) due to the Kasrah(on the ق)”
Lowest Level of Tafkheem!
(Ash-Shu’ara:63)
The most well-known transmission of the Riwayahof Hafs ‘an ‘Asimis the way of Shatibiyyah
Hence, reciting via the way of Shatibiyyahallows Tafkheemor Tarqeeqof this Ra Sakinah.
The other well-known route of Hafs ‘an ‘Asimis the way of Tayyibah.
Some of the transmissions mentioned in Tayyibahan-Nashrmentions only Tarqeeqand others
mention only Tafkheem. But the Aslis what is mentioned above.
Imam al-Jazarisays in his Muqaddimahal-Jazariyyah:
في فل�او :قرف , دجوي سركل
“There are different allowed ways (Tafkheem& Tarqeeq
of ءار) due to the Kasrah(on the ق)”
Lowest Level of Tafkheem!
Exceptions to the Principle of
Ra Sakinah
3. When the letter precedingRa Sakinahis in a separate word, separated by
HamzatulWasl, then the Ra Sakinahwill be pronounced with Tafkheem.
-Regardless of whether the letter before it has a Kasrah!
-This is the case even when starting on HamzatulWasl.
م ل يرا ن َ ت
�ن ئ ميط ميلا ةا ير يي ع ج
Ra Sakinah
3. When the letter precedingRa Sakinahis in a separate word, separated by
HamzatulWasl, then the Ra Sakinahwill be pronounced with Tafkheem.
-Regardless of whether the letter before it has a Kasrah!
-This is the case even when starting on HamzatulWasl.
م ل يرا ن َ ت
�ن ئ ميط ميلا ةا ير يي ع ج
HamzatulWasl
لصولا ةزهم
Known as the connecting Hamzah
It is silentwhen you are connecting 2 words
Not defined with a Harakah.
It is only pronounced when STARTING on it (we will discuss how we pronounce it
later on)
Consequently, the South-Asian scripts of the Qur’an define it with a Harakah
when it occurs at the start of an Ayah.
A HamzatulWaslis signified with the head of the letter صin the MadinahScript.
نا حيب سالله
لصولا ةزهم
Known as the connecting Hamzah
It is silentwhen you are connecting 2 words
Not defined with a Harakah.
It is only pronounced when STARTING on it (we will discuss how we pronounce it
later on)
Consequently, the South-Asian scripts of the Qur’an define it with a Harakah
when it occurs at the start of an Ayah.
A HamzatulWaslis signified with the head of the letter صin the MadinahScript.
نا حيب سالله
HamzatulQat’
عطقلا ةزهم
Literally defined as the ‘Cutting Hamzah’
It is always pronounced, whether it occurs in the middle of an Ayahor
whether you are beginning on it.
It is defined with a Harakah.
ك�يَّ
ِ
ا �نإا يذ
ِ
ا
عطقلا ةزهم
Literally defined as the ‘Cutting Hamzah’
It is always pronounced, whether it occurs in the middle of an Ayahor
whether you are beginning on it.
It is defined with a Harakah.
ك�يَّ
ِ
ا �نإا يذ
ِ
ا
Surah Fatiha: Madinah Script
Surah Fatiha: South-Asian Script
Some problems with the
South-Asian script
They sometimes define HamzatulWaslwith a Harakahfor the beginning on it.
South-Asian script
They sometimes define HamzatulWaslwith a Harakahfor the beginning on it.
RR-T1
The Rules of Tajweed
Uzair Abdussamad
دمصلا دبع ريزع
[email protected]
PART 6:
Similar Letters
The Rules of Tajweed
Uzair Abdussamad
دمصلا دبع ريزع
[email protected]
PART 6:
Similar Letters
Similar letters
When reciting the verses of the Qur’an, letters that are similar can come adjacent to
eachother.
We must consider the rulings that occur when a letter has a Sukunand the following
letter which is similar has a Harakah.
In all cases, we must do Idghaamماغدإwhich is to merge the letters
There are 3 types of letters to consider in terms of their similarity:
-Mutamaathilaynينلثتمام: 2 of the SAME letters
-Mutajaanisaynينسناجتم: 2 letters that are from the same Makhrajbut differ in Sifat
-Mutaqaaribaynينبراقتم: 2 letters that have close Makhaarijbut similar Sifat
When reciting the verses of the Qur’an, letters that are similar can come adjacent to
eachother.
We must consider the rulings that occur when a letter has a Sukunand the following
letter which is similar has a Harakah.
In all cases, we must do Idghaamماغدإwhich is to merge the letters
There are 3 types of letters to consider in terms of their similarity:
-Mutamaathilaynينلثتمام: 2 of the SAME letters
-Mutajaanisaynينسناجتم: 2 letters that are from the same Makhrajbut differ in Sifat
-Mutaqaaribaynينبراقتم: 2 letters that have close Makhaarijbut similar Sifat
Idghamal-Mutamathilayn
ينلثتمالما ماغدإا
The 2 letters are the same.
First letter is Sukun.
Second letter has a Harakah.
They are merged together completely and become one strengthened letter (Mushaddad).
يم تُ را تج يْ بِ ر ي با ت ك ب يب هيذاايو ل خ د يد ق و
ت ب �د
ينلثتمالما ماغدإا
The 2 letters are the same.
First letter is Sukun.
Second letter has a Harakah.
They are merged together completely and become one strengthened letter (Mushaddad).
يم تُ را تج يْ بِ ر ي با ت ك ب يب هيذاايو ل خ د يد ق و
ت ب �د
Idghamal-Mutajanisayn
ينسناجتلما ماغدإا
The 2 letters are similar, as they have the SAME MAKHRAJ.
First letter is Sukun.
Second letter has a Harakah.
They are merged together completely (لماك) and become one strengthened letter
(Mushaddad).
ا ن ع�م يب كيرااو م ل�ظ يذإا �ين ب�ت يد ق
�م �ظ �ت
�ط يْ لا ق و ٌ ة ف ئ أ
ط
ل�ذ يث هيل ي
�ذ
ج
ينسناجتلما ماغدإا
The 2 letters are similar, as they have the SAME MAKHRAJ.
First letter is Sukun.
Second letter has a Harakah.
They are merged together completely (لماك) and become one strengthened letter
(Mushaddad).
ا ن ع�م يب كيرااو م ل�ظ يذإا �ين ب�ت يد ق
�م �ظ �ت
�ط يْ لا ق و ٌ ة ف ئ أ
ط
ل�ذ يث هيل ي
�ذ
ج
Idghamal-Mutajanisayn
ينسناجتلما ماغدإا
The Idghaamin these cases are mainly complete لماك
However, there are some places in which the Idghaamal-Mutajaanisaynis
incomplete.
This is when the letter
ْ
طcomes before ت
Thus, we enter with the طand exit with the following ت
�ْيط س ب
يط
ت
�ْيط حأآ
يط
ت
ينسناجتلما ماغدإا :
صقنا
ينسناجتلما ماغدإا
The Idghaamin these cases are mainly complete لماك
However, there are some places in which the Idghaamal-Mutajaanisaynis
incomplete.
This is when the letter
ْ
طcomes before ت
Thus, we enter with the طand exit with the following ت
�ْيط س ب
يط
ت
�ْيط حأآ
يط
ت
ينسناجتلما ماغدإا :
صقنا
Idghamal-Mutaqaribayn
ينبراقتلما ماغدإا
The 2 letters are nearby in Makhraj
They have some similar Sifat
First letter is Sukun.
Second letter has a Harakah.
They are merged together completely and become one strengthened letter (Mushaddad).
�ر يل ق و ب
ر
�كُيق لي نَ
ك
ينبراقتلما ماغدإا
The 2 letters are nearby in Makhraj
They have some similar Sifat
First letter is Sukun.
Second letter has a Harakah.
They are merged together completely and become one strengthened letter (Mushaddad).
�ر يل ق و ب
ر
�كُيق لي نَ
ك
RR-T1
The Rules of Tajweed
Uzair Abdussamad
دمصلا دبع ريزع
[email protected]
PART 7:
Lam Sakinah in the
definite article يلا
The Rules of Tajweed
Uzair Abdussamad
دمصلا دبع ريزع
[email protected]
PART 7:
Lam Sakinah in the
definite article يلا
Lam Sakinah(Definite Articles)
ةنكاسلا ملا
In the Arabic Language, words starting with لاare known as definite articles.
Hence, the ْلis subject to 2 rules, depending on the following letter.
يلا
راهظإلاا: Make clear
Preceding any of the
following letters:
هيمقع فخو كحج غبا
Preceding any of the
following letters:
ل ش ز ظ س ن د ذ ض ت ر ص ث ط
ماغدإلاا: Merge
ةيرمقلا ملاةي سمشلا ملا
ةنكاسلا ملا
In the Arabic Language, words starting with لاare known as definite articles.
Hence, the ْلis subject to 2 rules, depending on the following letter.
يلا
راهظإلاا: Make clear
Preceding any of the
following letters:
هيمقع فخو كحج غبا
Preceding any of the
following letters:
ل ش ز ظ س ن د ذ ض ت ر ص ث ط
ماغدإلاا: Merge
ةيرمقلا ملاةي سمشلا ملا
Demonstration of examples
ب�ي�طلاتا
ن يحْ�رلا
يو ب ئ أ�تلان
يين ح لا�صلا
ريو ب�زلا
ا يين�لدا
ن غيلا
سيو دير فيلا
ييم ك حيلا
يير ب خيلا
د جيس ميلا
نا سينإلاا
ب�ي�طلاتا
ن يحْ�رلا
يو ب ئ أ�تلان
يين ح لا�صلا
ريو ب�زلا
ا يين�لدا
ن غيلا
سيو دير فيلا
ييم ك حيلا
يير ب خيلا
د جيس ميلا
نا سينإلاا
RR-T1
The Rules of Tajweed
Uzair Abdussamad
دمصلا دبع ريزع
[email protected]
PART 8:
The Rules of
MeemSakinah
The Rules of Tajweed
Uzair Abdussamad
دمصلا دبع ريزع
[email protected]
PART 8:
The Rules of
MeemSakinah
The Rules of MeemSaakinah
ةنكاسلا يملما مكحأآ
There are different rules to consider when ْمoccurs.
These rules are dependent on the letter that follows ْم
يم
يوفشلا ماغدإلاا
Idgham
Shafawi
يوفشلا ءافخإلاا
Ikhfa’ Shafawi
يوفشلا راهظإلاا
Idhar
Shafawi
ةنكاسلا يملما مكحأآ
There are different rules to consider when ْمoccurs.
These rules are dependent on the letter that follows ْم
يم
يوفشلا ماغدإلاا
Idgham
Shafawi
يوفشلا ءافخإلاا
Ikhfa’ Shafawi
يوفشلا راهظإلاا
Idhar
Shafawi
IdghamShafawi
يوفشلا ماغدإلاا
Idghaam, ماغدإلااmeans to join.
IdghaamShafawi: If after a MeemSaakinah ْمthere is another Meem, م, the Meem
Saakinah, ْمwill be merged and Ghunnahshould be done.
ه ل �م يم ي كُ ل و نيو ء أ ش ي ا �م ل ق ي تميت س كا ِيو �م يم ي كُ ق ل خ ٌ ض ر م ين
ْمم
MeemSaakinahis merged, Ghunnahis done
يوفشلا ماغدإلاا
Idghaam, ماغدإلااmeans to join.
IdghaamShafawi: If after a MeemSaakinah ْمthere is another Meem, م, the Meem
Saakinah, ْمwill be merged and Ghunnahshould be done.
ه ل �م يم ي كُ ل و نيو ء أ ش ي ا �م ل ق ي تميت س كا ِيو �م يم ي كُ ق ل خ ٌ ض ر م ين
ْمم
MeemSaakinahis merged, Ghunnahis done
Ikhfa’ Shafawi
يوفشلا ءافخإلاا
Ikhfaa’, ءافخإاmeans to hide or to conceal.
Ikhfaa’ Shafawi: To make the lips touch without pressure and to do Ghunnahwhen
pronouncing ْم
If after a MeemSaakinah ْمthere is the letter Ba, ب, Ikhfaa’ Shafawiwill be done
with Ghunnah.
To completely seal the lips or to allow them to firmlytouch is a mistake, which
should be avoided.
ي ه ميو ي با ص تيع ي نيو ز ر يم با ُ ت ن ي لله يم ب ايو ن ك ا م
ْمب
Lips touch lightly, Ghunnais done
يوفشلا ءافخإلاا
Ikhfaa’, ءافخإاmeans to hide or to conceal.
Ikhfaa’ Shafawi: To make the lips touch without pressure and to do Ghunnahwhen
pronouncing ْم
If after a MeemSaakinah ْمthere is the letter Ba, ب, Ikhfaa’ Shafawiwill be done
with Ghunnah.
To completely seal the lips or to allow them to firmlytouch is a mistake, which
should be avoided.
ي ه ميو ي با ص تيع ي نيو ز ر يم با ُ ت ن ي لله يم ب ايو ن ك ا م
ْمب
Lips touch lightly, Ghunnais done
Lips closed, or a small gap?
Over the years, there has been many discussions with regards to how Ikhfaa’ Shafawishould
be done.
Should the lips be closed, or should there be a small gap?
This is a matter of a difference of opinion
The most accepted opinion, which is the opinion given by Sheikh Ayman Suwayd, and Sheikh
Al-Ma’sarawyis that the lips should be closed!
Sheikh Ayman Suwaydactually retracted the opinion of there being a gap between the lips…
The Rightful Recital, “Attention Teachers of Qur’an | Part 5: A Real-Life Case: Open or
Closed Lips?”
Over the years, there has been many discussions with regards to how Ikhfaa’ Shafawishould
be done.
Should the lips be closed, or should there be a small gap?
This is a matter of a difference of opinion
The most accepted opinion, which is the opinion given by Sheikh Ayman Suwayd, and Sheikh
Al-Ma’sarawyis that the lips should be closed!
Sheikh Ayman Suwaydactually retracted the opinion of there being a gap between the lips…
The Rightful Recital, “Attention Teachers of Qur’an | Part 5: A Real-Life Case: Open or
Closed Lips?”
Idhaarshafawi
يوفشلا راهظإلاا
Idhaar, اراهظإلاmeans to make clear or to make apparent.
IdhaarShafawi: To pronounce the ْمclearly when any other letter occurs after it.
This is just following the usual principle of the Sukun!
ل ي يم ي كُ�ل ع ل ين ك ت ك نيو ر كيش ي تمين خ ين م و يير يم ا ٌ ة�م
ْم
Any other
letter
MeemSakinahpronounced clearly
يوفشلا راهظإلاا
Idhaar, اراهظإلاmeans to make clear or to make apparent.
IdhaarShafawi: To pronounce the ْمclearly when any other letter occurs after it.
This is just following the usual principle of the Sukun!
ل ي يم ي كُ�ل ع ل ين ك ت ك نيو ر كيش ي تمين خ ين م و يير يم ا ٌ ة�م
ْم
Any other
letter
MeemSakinahpronounced clearly
RR-T1
The Rules of Tajweed
Uzair Abdussamad
دمصلا دبع ريزع
[email protected]
PART 9:
The Rules of Nun Sakinah
& Tanween
The Rules of Tajweed
Uzair Abdussamad
دمصلا دبع ريزع
[email protected]
PART 9:
The Rules of Nun Sakinah
& Tanween
The Joining Nun in Tanween
Inside every Tanweenthere is a ْن
Tanweenoccurs at the end of a word.
However, one may find a problem when trying to join a Tanweenwith a Saakinah
or Mushaddadletter separated by HamzatulWasl.
2 Saakinahletters cannot join together
So therefore, a Kasrahis given to the نof the Tanween.
ب = ب ين
يبا ٌ حيو نه ن
ْ نُح
يبا حيو نه ن
ِن
ْ نُح
Inside every Tanweenthere is a ْن
Tanweenoccurs at the end of a word.
However, one may find a problem when trying to join a Tanweenwith a Saakinah
or Mushaddadletter separated by HamzatulWasl.
2 Saakinahletters cannot join together
So therefore, a Kasrahis given to the نof the Tanween.
ب = ب ين
يبا ٌ حيو نه ن
ْ نُح
يبا حيو نه ن
ِن
ْ نُح
Nun Sakinah & TanweenRules
ةنكاسلا نونلا مكحأآ &نيونت
All the Nun Sakinah& TanweenRules depend on the letter that appears after
it.
There are 4 rules to consider
ين/ ٍ ٌ راهظإلاا
Idhaar
ماغدإلاا
Idghaam
ءافخإلاا
Ikhfaa’
بلاقإلاا
Iqlaab
ةنكاسلا نونلا مكحأآ &نيونت
All the Nun Sakinah& TanweenRules depend on the letter that appears after
it.
There are 4 rules to consider
ين/ ٍ ٌ راهظإلاا
Idhaar
ماغدإلاا
Idghaam
ءافخإلاا
Ikhfaa’
بلاقإلاا
Iqlaab
Idhaar
راهظإلاا
This is to pronounce the ْنor Tanweenclearly.
This must be done when ْنor Tanweenappear before any of the 6 throat
letters (Hurufal-Halq)
Idhaaris done because of the fact that the articulation points of the throat
letters are considerably distant from the Makhrajof ْن
خ غ ح ع ه ء ين/ ٍ ٌ
راهظإلاا
This is to pronounce the ْنor Tanweenclearly.
This must be done when ْنor Tanweenappear before any of the 6 throat
letters (Hurufal-Halq)
Idhaaris done because of the fact that the articulation points of the throat
letters are considerably distant from the Makhrajof ْن
خ غ ح ع ه ء ين/ ٍ ٌ
Examples of Idhaar
Letters of Idhār Examples
of NūnSākinah
Examples
of Tanwīn
ء ى ا ين م ا ذ ا ا ديب ع
ه ا ين م ا ذ ه ٌ ري س ا
ع ْيم عين ا ٍة ي لا ع ٍة�ن ج
ح ير ينْا و ٌ ة ي ما ح ٌ ر نا
غ ٍ ل غ ين م يو ف غ ا�و ف عا ر
خ شي خ ين م ل ٌ ة سِا خ ٌ ة�ر ك
Letters of Idhār Examples
of NūnSākinah
Examples
of Tanwīn
ء ى ا ين م ا ذ ا ا ديب ع
ه ا ين م ا ذ ه ٌ ري س ا
ع ْيم عين ا ٍة ي لا ع ٍة�ن ج
ح ير ينْا و ٌ ة ي ما ح ٌ ر نا
غ ٍ ل غ ين م يو ف غ ا�و ف عا ر
خ شي خ ين م ل ٌ ة سِا خ ٌ ة�ر ك
Idghaam’
ماغدإلاا
This is to merge the ْنor Tanweenwith the following letter that has a vowel.
The letters that ْنor Tanweenmerge with are:
Idghaamsplits into 2 types:
Idghaamwith Ghunnah:
Idghaamwithout Ghunnah
ن و ل م ر ي ين/ ٍ ٌ مير ينيو ل
ين/ ٍ ٌ ين ي يو م و م ن ي
ين/ ٍ ٌ ر ل
ماغدإلاا
This is to merge the ْنor Tanweenwith the following letter that has a vowel.
The letters that ْنor Tanweenmerge with are:
Idghaamsplits into 2 types:
Idghaamwith Ghunnah:
Idghaamwithout Ghunnah
ن و ل م ر ي ين/ ٍ ٌ مير ينيو ل
ين/ ٍ ٌ ين ي يو م و م ن ي
ين/ ٍ ٌ ر ل
Idghaamwith Ghunnah
ةنغب ماغدإلاا
If after ْنor Tanweenthere appears و م ن ي(remembered as يو مين ي) then the ْنor Tanween
will be merged with the following letter and Ghunnah
We can further divide Idghaamwith Ghunnahinto 2 types:
Complete Idghaamةنغب ماغدإلاا :لمك :
This is when there is no element of ْنand so it is completely merged into the letters م ن. The
Ghunnahbeing observed is due to the letters م نfollowing the ْن.
Incomplete Idghaamةنغب ماغدإلاا :صقنا :
This is when there is still an element of ْنbeing left over upon merging. Incomplete Idghaamhere
is with the letters ي وas Ghunnahis still being observed although it is NOT a characteristic of
those letters. Thus, the Ghunnahis said to be a remaining characteristic of the ْ ن.
ةنغب ماغدإلاا
If after ْنor Tanweenthere appears و م ن ي(remembered as يو مين ي) then the ْنor Tanween
will be merged with the following letter and Ghunnah
We can further divide Idghaamwith Ghunnahinto 2 types:
Complete Idghaamةنغب ماغدإلاا :لمك :
This is when there is no element of ْنand so it is completely merged into the letters م ن. The
Ghunnahbeing observed is due to the letters م نfollowing the ْن.
Incomplete Idghaamةنغب ماغدإلاا :صقنا :
This is when there is still an element of ْنbeing left over upon merging. Incomplete Idghaamhere
is with the letters ي وas Ghunnahis still being observed although it is NOT a characteristic of
those letters. Thus, the Ghunnahis said to be a remaining characteristic of the ْ ن.
Examples of Idghaamwith Ghunnah
Letters of Idghām with
Ghunnah
Examples
of NūnSākinah
Examples
of Tanwīn
ي ء أ ش�ي ين م يو�ي ٌ بيو ل ق ٍذ ئ م
ن ٍة فيط�ن ين م ص�نا � لَ ما ع �ة ب
م ٍء أ�م ين م ين م ٌ يير خ
و ٍلا�و ين م يحْ ر�و ى د ه ٌ ة
ةنغب ماغدإلاا :صقنا
ةنغب ماغدإلاا :صقنا
ةنغب ماغدإلاا :لمك
ةنغب ماغدإلاا :لمك
Letters of Idghām with
Ghunnah
Examples
of NūnSākinah
Examples
of Tanwīn
ي ء أ ش�ي ين م يو�ي ٌ بيو ل ق ٍذ ئ م
ن ٍة فيط�ن ين م ص�نا � لَ ما ع �ة ب
م ٍء أ�م ين م ين م ٌ يير خ
و ٍلا�و ين م يحْ ر�و ى د ه ٌ ة
ةنغب ماغدإلاا :صقنا
ةنغب ماغدإلاا :صقنا
ةنغب ماغدإلاا :لمك
ةنغب ماغدإلاا :لمك
Idghaamwithout Ghunnah
ةنغيرغب ماغدإلاا
If after ْنor Tanweenthere appears ل رthen the ْنor Tanweenwill be merged
with the following letter without observing Ghunnah.
Hence, the Idghaamis complete: لمك
Letters of Idghām with
Ghunnah
Examples
of Nūn Sākinah
Examples
of Tanwīn
ر ِ�ر ين م يم �ر ا ريو ف غا ميي ح
ل يو�ل ين ا ك ل ٌ ليي و
ةنغيرغب ماغدإلاا
If after ْنor Tanweenthere appears ل رthen the ْنor Tanweenwill be merged
with the following letter without observing Ghunnah.
Hence, the Idghaamis complete: لمك
Letters of Idghām with
Ghunnah
Examples
of Nūn Sākinah
Examples
of Tanwīn
ر ِ�ر ين م يم �ر ا ريو ف غا ميي ح
ل يو�ل ين ا ك ل ٌ ليي و
Summary of Idghaam
ماغدإلاا
ن و ل م ر ي
نيو ل مير ي
ةنغب ماغدإلاا
و م ن ي
يو مين ي
لمك ةنغب ماغدإلاا
م ن
The Ghunnah
belongs to the
following م ن
صقنا ةنغب ماغدإلاا
و ي
The Ghunnahis a
remaining
characteristic of ْن
ةنغ يرغب ماغدإلاا
ل ر
Exceptions of Idghaam
occur when the ْ نand
the letters occur in the
same word:
-ا يين د
-نا يين ب
-نا وين ص
-نا وين ق
ماغدإلاا
ن و ل م ر ي
نيو ل مير ي
ةنغب ماغدإلاا
و م ن ي
يو مين ي
لمك ةنغب ماغدإلاا
م ن
The Ghunnah
belongs to the
following م ن
صقنا ةنغب ماغدإلاا
و ي
The Ghunnahis a
remaining
characteristic of ْن
ةنغ يرغب ماغدإلاا
ل ر
Exceptions of Idghaam
occur when the ْ نand
the letters occur in the
same word:
-ا يين د
-نا يين ب
-نا وين ص
-نا وين ق
Ikhfaa’
ءافخإلاا
Ikhfaa’ is to hide/conceal the ْنor Tanweenin its pronunciation and to do Ghunnah.
There is a light/partial sound that originates from the upper space of the mouth.
Tip of the tongue does not contact the roof of the mouth.
Whilst doing Ghunnah, the tongue should move close to the Makhrajof the following
letter.
But it does not contact anything whilst Ikhfaa’ is being observed
The 15 letters of Ikhfaa’ are:
ك ق ف ظ ط ض ص ش س ز ذ د ج ث ت
راهظلإا ءافخلإا ماغدلإا
ءافخإلاا
Ikhfaa’ is to hide/conceal the ْنor Tanweenin its pronunciation and to do Ghunnah.
There is a light/partial sound that originates from the upper space of the mouth.
Tip of the tongue does not contact the roof of the mouth.
Whilst doing Ghunnah, the tongue should move close to the Makhrajof the following
letter.
But it does not contact anything whilst Ikhfaa’ is being observed
The 15 letters of Ikhfaa’ are:
ك ق ف ظ ط ض ص ش س ز ذ د ج ث ت
راهظلإا ءافخلإا ماغدلإا
Some discussions with Ikhfaa’
Scholars of Tajweed dispute about the way in which Ikhfaa’ is done.
There is no classical/core textual evidence with how it is done.
Some hold the opinion that when doing Ikhfaa’ one should keep the tongue
near the Makhrajof نand so whilst doing Ghunnah, it should NOT be placed
near the articulation point of the following letter.
However, many scholars such as Sh. Ayman Suwayd, Sh. Ma’sarawyrelate that
you should be placing the tongue near the articulation point of the following
letter.
This means that Ghunnahalso becomes Tafkheemwhen the ْنcomes before a
Tafkheemletter.
ين/ ٌ ٍ ق ظ ط ض ص
Ghunnahdone with Tafkheem
Scholars of Tajweed dispute about the way in which Ikhfaa’ is done.
There is no classical/core textual evidence with how it is done.
Some hold the opinion that when doing Ikhfaa’ one should keep the tongue
near the Makhrajof نand so whilst doing Ghunnah, it should NOT be placed
near the articulation point of the following letter.
However, many scholars such as Sh. Ayman Suwayd, Sh. Ma’sarawyrelate that
you should be placing the tongue near the articulation point of the following
letter.
This means that Ghunnahalso becomes Tafkheemwhen the ْنcomes before a
Tafkheemletter.
ين/ ٌ ٍ ق ظ ط ض ص
Ghunnahdone with Tafkheem
Examples of Ikhfaa’
Letters of Ikhfā’ Examples
of Nūn Sākinah
Examples
of Tanwīn
ت ينم يم ييه تي تَ ى ظ ل ت ا ر نا
ث ٍة ر م ث ين م � ثم لايي ل ق
ج ي كُ ئ أج ين ا ا� جَ ا�ب ح
د ا دا دين ا �ك د �ك د
ذ ٍر ك ذ ين م ريقا م ا ذ ا ميي ت ية ب
ز ا نيل زين ا ا ق ل ز ا ديي ع ص
س ٍ لة لا س ين م ا م لا سا م لا س
Letters of Ikhfā’ Examples
of Nūn Sākinah
Examples
of Tanwīn
ت ينم يم ييه تي تَ ى ظ ل ت ا ر نا
ث ٍة ر م ث ين م � ثم لايي ل ق
ج ي كُ ئ أج ين ا ا� جَ ا�ب ح
د ا دا دين ا �ك د �ك د
ذ ٍر ك ذ ين م ريقا م ا ذ ا ميي ت ية ب
ز ا نيل زين ا ا ق ل ز ا ديي ع ص
س ٍ لة لا س ين م ا م لا سا م لا س
Letters of Ikhfa’ Examples of Nun SakinahExamples of Tanwin
ش ش ين م ٌ ريو ك ش ٌ ريو ف غ
ص يم ييه صا ي ص ين م ا ح لا ص لا عُ
ض ٍديو ضين م ٌ ة ك حا ض ٌ ة ر فيس م
ط يين ط ين م ء أ ما ريو ه ط
ظ ايو ر ظينا لايي ل ظ �لا ظ
ف ايو ر فينا ا جا ج ف لا ب س
ق ليي ق ين ا ا ريي د ق ا ميي ل ع
ك ن ك ين م ٍة ب ذ ك ٍة ي ص نا
ش ش ين م ٌ ريو ك ش ٌ ريو ف غ
ص يم ييه صا ي ص ين م ا ح لا ص لا عُ
ض ٍديو ضين م ٌ ة ك حا ض ٌ ة ر فيس م
ط يين ط ين م ء أ ما ريو ه ط
ظ ايو ر ظينا لايي ل ظ �لا ظ
ف ايو ر فينا ا جا ج ف لا ب س
ق ليي ق ين ا ا ريي د ق ا ميي ل ع
ك ن ك ين م ٍة ب ذ ك ٍة ي ص نا
Iqlaab
بلاقلإا
Iqlaab, بلاقلإاmeans to change.
Hence, the rule of Iqlaabis to change the ْنinto a ْمwhen it occurs before the letter ب
As a result we have a ْمbefore the letter ب
➔Ikhfaa’ Shafawinow governs the rule.
ين/ ٍ ٌ ب يم
ْنbecomes ْم
Ikhfaa’ Shafawi
بلاقلإا
Iqlaab, بلاقلإاmeans to change.
Hence, the rule of Iqlaabis to change the ْنinto a ْمwhen it occurs before the letter ب
As a result we have a ْمbefore the letter ب
➔Ikhfaa’ Shafawinow governs the rule.
ين/ ٍ ٌ ب يم
ْنbecomes ْم
Ikhfaa’ Shafawi
Examples of iqlaab
Letters of Ikhfā’ Examples
of Nūn Sākinah
Examples
of Tanwīn
ب يم ُ تين ا ص ب ٌ عيي سَ ٌ يير
Letters of Ikhfā’ Examples
of Nūn Sākinah
Examples
of Tanwīn
ب يم ُ تين ا ص ب ٌ عيي سَ ٌ يير
Nun/MimMushaddad
ن/ م
Any letter that possesses a Shaddais called a Mushaddadletter
If you remember, the letters نand مpossess the quality of Ghunnah
Ghunnahis the sound that originates from the nasal cavity, and is always done when
we pronounce نor م
However, when they carry a Shadda, the rule is that Ghunnahshould be done more
clearly
So the letter is held for longer than any other letter that is in the state of
Mushaddad.
Surah an-Naas is plentiful with this rule!
�نإا � ع
ن/ م
Any letter that possesses a Shaddais called a Mushaddadletter
If you remember, the letters نand مpossess the quality of Ghunnah
Ghunnahis the sound that originates from the nasal cavity, and is always done when
we pronounce نor م
However, when they carry a Shadda, the rule is that Ghunnahshould be done more
clearly
So the letter is held for longer than any other letter that is in the state of
Mushaddad.
Surah an-Naas is plentiful with this rule!
�نإا � ع
The 4 Ranks of Ghunnah
Most Complete: لكمأآ:
Nun/MimMushaddad ن/ م
Idghaamwith Ghunnah
IdghaamShafawi
2.Complete: لمك
Ikhfaa’
Ikhfaa’ Shafawi
3.Incomplete: ةصقنا
Idhaar
IdhaarShafawi
4.Most Incomplete: صقنأآ
When م نcarry a Harakah
Most Complete: لكمأآ:
Nun/MimMushaddad ن/ م
Idghaamwith Ghunnah
IdghaamShafawi
2.Complete: لمك
Ikhfaa’
Ikhfaa’ Shafawi
3.Incomplete: ةصقنا
Idhaar
IdhaarShafawi
4.Most Incomplete: صقنأآ
When م نcarry a Harakah
RR-T1
The Rules of Tajweed
Uzair Abdussamad
دمصلا دبع ريزع
[email protected]
PART 10:
The Rules of Madd
The Rules of Tajweed
Uzair Abdussamad
دمصلا دبع ريزع
[email protected]
PART 10:
The Rules of Madd
Rules of Madd
دلما مكحأآ
The linguistic definition of Maddis lengthening.
The technical definition of Maddmeans to lengthen/stretch the sound of a vowel due to the
presence of one of the HurufMadd.
There are 2 types of Madd:
-Maddal-Asliليصألا دلما: The Original Madd
-Maddal-Far’i يعرفلا دلما: The Secondary Madd
ي و ا
دلما مكحأآ
The linguistic definition of Maddis lengthening.
The technical definition of Maddmeans to lengthen/stretch the sound of a vowel due to the
presence of one of the HurufMadd.
There are 2 types of Madd:
-Maddal-Asliليصألا دلما: The Original Madd
-Maddal-Far’i يعرفلا دلما: The Secondary Madd
ي و ا
The Harakat (vowels) & Stretching
3 vowels in the Arabic Language: Fathah, Kasrah, Dhammah.
They vowels should be short and sharp in length, to allow fluent recitation.
Each vowel may be stretched by the Hurufal-Madd: ي و ا
ب با
ب ي ب
ب يو ب
3 vowels in the Arabic Language: Fathah, Kasrah, Dhammah.
They vowels should be short and sharp in length, to allow fluent recitation.
Each vowel may be stretched by the Hurufal-Madd: ي و ا
ب با
ب ي ب
ب يو ب
Maddal-Asli:The Original Madd
ليصألا دلما
This is a Maddwhich is “natural” ➔All other Mududare based upon it
There is no Hamzah before or after the HurufMadd.
There should be no Permanent or Temporary Sukunafter HurufMadd
Length of Madd: 2 Harakahs
These can occur within a word but also within a letter (openings of Surahs)
MaddAsliwithin
words:
ا ق ل ق ايو لا ق يي ل
MaddAsliwithin
letters:
حم كيهصع هطلار
ليصألا دلما
This is a Maddwhich is “natural” ➔All other Mududare based upon it
There is no Hamzah before or after the HurufMadd.
There should be no Permanent or Temporary Sukunafter HurufMadd
Length of Madd: 2 Harakahs
These can occur within a word but also within a letter (openings of Surahs)
MaddAsliwithin
words:
ا ق ل ق ايو لا ق يي ل
MaddAsliwithin
letters:
حم كيهصع هطلار
Maddas-Silah: Sughrah
ىرغصلا لَصلا دلما
This Maddfalls under MaddAsli. It is known as the connecting Madd.
The HurufMaddare not largely apparent.
This Maddis specific to the attached masculine pronoun [ه]: Known as يرمضلا ه
If there is the letterهat the end of a word carrying a Dhammahor a Kasrah,
andthe letter before and after are not Hamzah and have got a Harakahthen
the Maddshould be stretched 2 Harakahslong, like a normal MaddAsli.
South Asian Script: Denoted with an Inverted Dhammah/Standing Kasrah
Madinah script: You will see a very small ى وnext to the ه
This is known as Maddas-Silah: Sughrah, the small connecting madd, as it is
stretched as a normal MaddAsli.
�نإا ه دا ب ع ب ن ك ها يير ب خ
ين ك ي يم ل و �له كا و ف
ىرغصلا لَصلا دلما
This Maddfalls under MaddAsli. It is known as the connecting Madd.
The HurufMaddare not largely apparent.
This Maddis specific to the attached masculine pronoun [ه]: Known as يرمضلا ه
If there is the letterهat the end of a word carrying a Dhammahor a Kasrah,
andthe letter before and after are not Hamzah and have got a Harakahthen
the Maddshould be stretched 2 Harakahslong, like a normal MaddAsli.
South Asian Script: Denoted with an Inverted Dhammah/Standing Kasrah
Madinah script: You will see a very small ى وnext to the ه
This is known as Maddas-Silah: Sughrah, the small connecting madd, as it is
stretched as a normal MaddAsli.
�نإا ه دا ب ع ب ن ك ها يير ب خ
ين ك ي يم ل و �له كا و ف
Differences between the scripts
Maddas-Silah
There are some exceptions with regards to the rule of Maddas-Silah:
• يي ف ي لُي يَ ه ناا ه م: Though there is a ْيbefore, the Maddis stilobserved.
• ضير ي ه ي كُ ل: Despite being between 2 vowelledletter, the هis not lengthened
Maddas-Silah
There are some exceptions with regards to the rule of Maddas-Silah:
• يي ف ي لُي يَ ه ناا ه م: Though there is a ْيbefore, the Maddis stilobserved.
• ضير ي ه ي كُ ل: Despite being between 2 vowelledletter, the هis not lengthened
Maddal-’Iwad: Links to Stopping
ضوعلا دلما
This Maddalso falls under MaddAsli, as it is prolonged in the same way.
Maddal-’Iwadis known as the Changing Madd.
It is part of a stopping rule.
When you stopon a letter that has a Fathataynyou change it into a Fatha
with an Alif, as a result you observe Maddfor 2 Harakat.
Just like a normal MaddAsli.
ويفَآا جا
يير ب خا
ويفَآاا ج
يير ب خا
ضوعلا دلما
This Maddalso falls under MaddAsli, as it is prolonged in the same way.
Maddal-’Iwadis known as the Changing Madd.
It is part of a stopping rule.
When you stopon a letter that has a Fathataynyou change it into a Fatha
with an Alif, as a result you observe Maddfor 2 Harakat.
Just like a normal MaddAsli.
ويفَآا جا
يير ب خا
ويفَآاا ج
يير ب خا
MaddAl-Far’i: The Secondary Madd
يعرفلا دلما
There are 7 types of Mududthat fall under MaddFar’i:
Maddal-Muttasil
Maddal-Munfasil
Maddal-Badal
Maddal-Aridh
Maddal-Leen
Maddal-Laazim
Maddas-Silah:
Kubra
يعرفلا دلما
There are 7 types of Mududthat fall under MaddFar’i:
Maddal-Muttasil
Maddal-Munfasil
Maddal-Badal
Maddal-Aridh
Maddal-Leen
Maddal-Laazim
Maddas-Silah:
Kubra
Maddal-Muttasil
لصتلما بجاولا دم
The Attached Madd
If after HurufMaddthere occurs the letter Hamzahin the same word
(attached) the Maddis lengthened to 4-5 Harakaat.
When stopping on the Hamzah it is permissibleto elongate the Maddto
6 Harakaatdue to the combination of MaddAridh(See later)
All Scholars of Tajweed are unanimous in saying that lengthening this
Maddlonger than a normal MaddAsliis WAJIB.
Imam al-Jazarihas stated that
“no one must think that shortening of any
attached maddhas been permitted by any
of the scholars of Tajweed.”
�سلاء أ م
�نلا ء سِ
ءو س
لصتلما بجاولا دم
The Attached Madd
If after HurufMaddthere occurs the letter Hamzahin the same word
(attached) the Maddis lengthened to 4-5 Harakaat.
When stopping on the Hamzah it is permissibleto elongate the Maddto
6 Harakaatdue to the combination of MaddAridh(See later)
All Scholars of Tajweed are unanimous in saying that lengthening this
Maddlonger than a normal MaddAsliis WAJIB.
Imam al-Jazarihas stated that
“no one must think that shortening of any
attached maddhas been permitted by any
of the scholars of Tajweed.”
�سلاء أ م
�نلا ء سِ
ءو س
Maddal-Munfasil
لصفنلما زئا�ا دم
The detached Madd
If after HurufMaddthere appears a Hamzahin the following word, then the
Maddshould be lengthened to 4 Harakaat,if reading according to way of
Shatibiyyah
It is kept as a Natural Madd(2 Harakaat) when reading according to the way of
Tayyibah
This is the main difference between Shatibiyyah& Tayyibah
Hence why the way of Tayyibahfrom Imam al-Jazariis also known as Hafs ‘an
‘AasimbiQasral-Munfasil.
ي أ َآ �يّ ا
م ب أ ُآ ين ل ز
ا ق آ آيو لا�ن م
جيراي ع إا ل
لصفنلما زئا�ا دم
The detached Madd
If after HurufMaddthere appears a Hamzahin the following word, then the
Maddshould be lengthened to 4 Harakaat,if reading according to way of
Shatibiyyah
It is kept as a Natural Madd(2 Harakaat) when reading according to the way of
Tayyibah
This is the main difference between Shatibiyyah& Tayyibah
Hence why the way of Tayyibahfrom Imam al-Jazariis also known as Hafs ‘an
‘AasimbiQasral-Munfasil.
ي أ َآ �يّ ا
م ب أ ُآ ين ل ز
ا ق آ آيو لا�ن م
جيراي ع إا ل
Shatibiyyah& Tayyibah
Hafs
Aasim
Abu Muhammad Ubaid ibn As Sabbah
Abu Abbas Ahmad Ibn Sahl
Al Ashnaani
Abu Al Hasan Ali Ibn
Muhammad ibn SaalihAl
HashimiAdDharir
Abu Al Hasan Tahir ibn
Ghalboon
Abu Amro’ Al Daani
This was stated in
his book
“At-TayseerFi Al
Qira’aatAl Sab’a”
Turned into a poem
by Imam Ash Shatibi
commonly known as
“Shatibiyyah”
Maddal-Munfasilis
lengthened to 4
Harakaat
Amr ibn al Sabbah
Al Feel
Al Hamaami
This route was
stated by Al
Shahrazuuri
[d.550AH] in his
book “Al
MisbaahFi Al
Qira’aatAl Ashr
Was then mentioned amongst the different
narrations/routes from Hafs compiled by
Ibn Al Jazari[d.833AH] in his book
“TayyibatAn NashrFi Al Qira’aatAl Ashr”.
Maddal-Munfasilis shortened to 2 Harakaat
An-Nuwayri, a
student of Ibn Al
Jazari, said:
“And reciting by
mixing or
combining the
different routes of
transmission is
impermissible or
disliked or
embarrassing”
Al Wali
Hafs
Aasim
Abu Muhammad Ubaid ibn As Sabbah
Abu Abbas Ahmad Ibn Sahl
Al Ashnaani
Abu Al Hasan Ali Ibn
Muhammad ibn SaalihAl
HashimiAdDharir
Abu Al Hasan Tahir ibn
Ghalboon
Abu Amro’ Al Daani
This was stated in
his book
“At-TayseerFi Al
Qira’aatAl Sab’a”
Turned into a poem
by Imam Ash Shatibi
commonly known as
“Shatibiyyah”
Maddal-Munfasilis
lengthened to 4
Harakaat
Amr ibn al Sabbah
Al Feel
Al Hamaami
This route was
stated by Al
Shahrazuuri
[d.550AH] in his
book “Al
MisbaahFi Al
Qira’aatAl Ashr
Was then mentioned amongst the different
narrations/routes from Hafs compiled by
Ibn Al Jazari[d.833AH] in his book
“TayyibatAn NashrFi Al Qira’aatAl Ashr”.
Maddal-Munfasilis shortened to 2 Harakaat
An-Nuwayri, a
student of Ibn Al
Jazari, said:
“And reciting by
mixing or
combining the
different routes of
transmission is
impermissible or
disliked or
embarrassing”
Al Wali
Maddas-Silah: Kubra
لَصلا دلما :ىبرك
The larger connecting Madd
This is when a Hamzahappears after the ريمضلا ه
The Maddas-Silahwill now be treated as a Maddal-Munfasiland (via the way
of Shatibiyyah) and will be lengthened to 4 Harakahs.
Hence why it is classified as Maddas-Silah: Kubra
Maddas-Silahwill not be
observed when stopping
on the هas it would be
given a temporary Sukun
لَصلا دلما :ىبرك
The larger connecting Madd
This is when a Hamzahappears after the ريمضلا ه
The Maddas-Silahwill now be treated as a Maddal-Munfasiland (via the way
of Shatibiyyah) and will be lengthened to 4 Harakahs.
Hence why it is classified as Maddas-Silah: Kubra
Maddas-Silahwill not be
observed when stopping
on the هas it would be
given a temporary Sukun
Maddal-Badal
لدبلا دم
When the letter Hamzah precedes any of the HurufMaddthen the Maddis observed
for2 Harakaatlong.
It is called “the exchange madd”as originally there is a second Hamzahwith a Sukun,
but it gets replaced by a HarfMadd.
The HarfMaddthat is given is dependent on what Harakahthe preceding Hamzah
carries.
Is this not a type of MaddAsli?
In another mode of recitation, Maddal-Badalis longer
ْآ ء
يؤ ء
يئ ء
ا ء
يو ء
يي ء
ييإا م ناا
ا ء ن ماو
يوُآ ت
لدبلا دم
When the letter Hamzah precedes any of the HurufMaddthen the Maddis observed
for2 Harakaatlong.
It is called “the exchange madd”as originally there is a second Hamzahwith a Sukun,
but it gets replaced by a HarfMadd.
The HarfMaddthat is given is dependent on what Harakahthe preceding Hamzah
carries.
Is this not a type of MaddAsli?
In another mode of recitation, Maddal-Badalis longer
ْآ ء
يؤ ء
يئ ء
ا ء
يو ء
يي ء
ييإا م ناا
ا ء ن ماو
يوُآ ت
Maddal-AridhLis-sukun
نوكسلل ضراعلا دم
If the letter after HurufMaddis the last letter of the word, and you stop,
consequently giving it a Temporary Sukun, then it is permissibleto observe the
Maddfrom 2-4 Harakaat.
The transmission of Shatibiyyahallows the Maddto be observed to up to 6
Harakaat.
Why is it called Temporary? Because of the temporary Sukun
If one does notstop, then it should onlybe lengthened as a MaddAsli.
�ريلا ييم ح بيلا ي نا ف كيلا ر نيو
نوكسلل ضراعلا دم
If the letter after HurufMaddis the last letter of the word, and you stop,
consequently giving it a Temporary Sukun, then it is permissibleto observe the
Maddfrom 2-4 Harakaat.
The transmission of Shatibiyyahallows the Maddto be observed to up to 6
Harakaat.
Why is it called Temporary? Because of the temporary Sukun
If one does notstop, then it should onlybe lengthened as a MaddAsli.
�ريلا ييم ح بيلا ي نا ف كيلا ر نيو
Maddal-Leen
ينللا دم
The eased Madd
When a ْي ْوoccur after a letter carrying a Fathathen it can be prolonged for
2 Harakaat
However, when stopping on the letter that comes after Leen, and upon
stopping it becomes a temporary Sukun, then the Maddal-Leencan be
observed for 4-6 Harakaat(Shatibiyyah)
Tayyibah: 2-6 Harakaat
If you are not stopping, then it shouldn’t be longer than 2 Harakaat.
ينللا دم
The eased Madd
When a ْي ْوoccur after a letter carrying a Fathathen it can be prolonged for
2 Harakaat
However, when stopping on the letter that comes after Leen, and upon
stopping it becomes a temporary Sukun, then the Maddal-Leencan be
observed for 4-6 Harakaat(Shatibiyyah)
Tayyibah: 2-6 Harakaat
If you are not stopping, then it shouldn’t be longer than 2 Harakaat.
Maddal-Laazim
مزلالا دم
The compulsory Madd
If after HurufMadd, there appears a letter with a Permanent Sukun(Sakinah/Mushaddad)
then the Maddmust be observed for 6 Harakaat.
All Qurra’ are unanimous in saying that this Maddshould be elongated for 6 Harakaat.
Maddal-Laazimcan occur within words but also within letters!
Maddal-Laazimwithin words:
�ضلا ل أ يين
حيلا �ق أ ة
�صلا �خ أة
�طلا �م أة
ح �ج أ
Maddal-Laazimwithin
letters:
ا لم
حم
يس
كعيهص
طمس
مزلالا دم
The compulsory Madd
If after HurufMadd, there appears a letter with a Permanent Sukun(Sakinah/Mushaddad)
then the Maddmust be observed for 6 Harakaat.
All Qurra’ are unanimous in saying that this Maddshould be elongated for 6 Harakaat.
Maddal-Laazimcan occur within words but also within letters!
Maddal-Laazimwithin words:
�ضلا ل أ يين
حيلا �ق أ ة
�صلا �خ أة
�طلا �م أة
ح �ج أ
Maddal-Laazimwithin
letters:
ا لم
حم
يس
كعيهص
طمس
Maddal-Laazim: Heavy or Light
مزلالا دم :فف� وأآ لقثم
Maddal-Laazimcan be classified as heavy or light
If the letter after HurufMaddcarries a Shaddahthen this is classified as a
heavyMaddal-Laazim,the letter that comes after the Maddis emphasised
due to the Shaddah. لقثم مزلالا دم
If the letter after HurufMaddcarries an apparent Sukunonly then this is
classified as a light Maddal-Laazim. فف� مزلالا دم
Maddal-Laazimwithin
words:
�ضلا ل أ يين ئيل آ ء
حيلا �ق أ ة
�صلا �خ أة
�طلا �م أة
Weak
فف�
Strong
لقثم
Maddal-Laazim:
Heavy Word
لقثم مزلالا دلما
يمكل
مزلالا دم :فف� وأآ لقثم
Maddal-Laazimcan be classified as heavy or light
If the letter after HurufMaddcarries a Shaddahthen this is classified as a
heavyMaddal-Laazim,the letter that comes after the Maddis emphasised
due to the Shaddah. لقثم مزلالا دم
If the letter after HurufMaddcarries an apparent Sukunonly then this is
classified as a light Maddal-Laazim. فف� مزلالا دم
Maddal-Laazimwithin
words:
�ضلا ل أ يين ئيل آ ء
حيلا �ق أ ة
�صلا �خ أة
�طلا �م أة
Weak
فف�
Strong
لقثم
Maddal-Laazim:
Heavy Word
لقثم مزلالا دلما
يمكل
Maddal-Laazim: Within Letters
Heavy or Light
Maddal-Laazim
within letters:
ا لم
حم
يس
كعيهص
ط مس
م يم ل يييم
Idghaamash-Shafawi
occurs as the Meem
Saakinahof ل(ملا)is
merged to the following م
Although the letter itself
alone would be classified
as light, the Idghaam
makes the Maddal-
Laazimheavy
ْمْيِم
Maddal-Laazimhere is
classified as light due
to the following ْم
ْنْيِس
Maddal-Laazimhere is
classified as light due
to the following ْن
ْداَص
Maddal-Laazimhere is
classified as light due
to the following ْد
ييين س م ييم
Idghaamwith Ghunnah
occurs as the ْنis
merged to the
following م
Although the letter
itself alone would be
classified as light, the
Idghaammakes the
Maddal-Laazimheavy
يف ك
Maddal-Laazim
here is classified
as light due to
the following يف
Heavy or Light
Maddal-Laazim
within letters:
ا لم
حم
يس
كعيهص
ط مس
م يم ل يييم
Idghaamash-Shafawi
occurs as the Meem
Saakinahof ل(ملا)is
merged to the following م
Although the letter itself
alone would be classified
as light, the Idghaam
makes the Maddal-
Laazimheavy
ْمْيِم
Maddal-Laazimhere is
classified as light due
to the following ْم
ْنْيِس
Maddal-Laazimhere is
classified as light due
to the following ْن
ْداَص
Maddal-Laazimhere is
classified as light due
to the following ْد
ييين س م ييم
Idghaamwith Ghunnah
occurs as the ْنis
merged to the
following م
Although the letter
itself alone would be
classified as light, the
Idghaammakes the
Maddal-Laazimheavy
يف ك
Maddal-Laazim
here is classified
as light due to
the following يف
Maddal-Laazim
ئيل آ ء ,لله آ ء , ني ر ك�لذ آ ء
What if there is a Hamzahbefore the HurufMadd?
Just as seen in Maddal-Badal,there was originally a 2
nd
Hamzah, but for ease
in recitation, the 2
nd
Hamzah is replaced by HarfMadd.
The original words:
In Arabic, there is something known as HamzatulIstifhaam, which is the
questioning Hamzah,
This Hamzah is brought to the beginning of a word to turn a statement into a
question
ئيلا ,الله , ر ك�لذا نيي
They all have Hamzatul
Wasloriginally
ءئيلا, ءالله , ء نيي ر ك�لذا
HamzatulIstifhaam+
HamzatulWasl
ئيل آ ء ,لله آ ء , ني ر ك�لذ آ ء
What if there is a Hamzahbefore the HurufMadd?
Just as seen in Maddal-Badal,there was originally a 2
nd
Hamzah, but for ease
in recitation, the 2
nd
Hamzah is replaced by HarfMadd.
The original words:
In Arabic, there is something known as HamzatulIstifhaam, which is the
questioning Hamzah,
This Hamzah is brought to the beginning of a word to turn a statement into a
question
ئيلا ,الله , ر ك�لذا نيي
They all have Hamzatul
Wasloriginally
ءئيلا, ءالله , ء نيي ر ك�لذا
HamzatulIstifhaam+
HamzatulWasl
Maddal-Laazim
ئيل آ ء ,لله آ ء , ني ر ك�لذ آ ء
As a result, the HamzatulWaslbecomes replaced with an Alif
Hence, due to the presence of a permanetSukunafter the HurufMadd, the Maddshould be
observed for 6 Harakaat.
However, the transmission of Shatibiyyahalso permits Tas’heelto occur with these words.
ءئيلا, ءالله , ء يي ر ك�لذا ن
What is Tas’heel?
The Alifthat replaces the original 2
nd
Hamzah (HamzatulWasl) is read partially
as a Hamzah and partially as an Alif.
Listen to the demonstration.
However, this is
not permitted
via the
transmission of
Tayyibah
ئيل آ ء ,لله آ ء , ني ر ك�لذ آ ء
As a result, the HamzatulWaslbecomes replaced with an Alif
Hence, due to the presence of a permanetSukunafter the HurufMadd, the Maddshould be
observed for 6 Harakaat.
However, the transmission of Shatibiyyahalso permits Tas’heelto occur with these words.
ءئيلا, ءالله , ء يي ر ك�لذا ن
What is Tas’heel?
The Alifthat replaces the original 2
nd
Hamzah (HamzatulWasl) is read partially
as a Hamzah and partially as an Alif.
Listen to the demonstration.
However, this is
not permitted
via the
transmission of
Tayyibah
Summary of MaddLaazim
مزلالا دم
MaddLaazim: 6 Harakaat
يملك
MaddLaazim:
within words
لقثم
MaddLaazim: Heavy
Letter after is
Mushaddad
أ�ضلا يين ل
أ�صلاة�خ
�م أ�طلاة
�ج أ ح
فف�
MaddLaazim: Heavy
Letter after is Sakinah
ئيلا ء
يفرح
MaddLaazim:
within letters
لقثم
MaddLaazim:
Heavy
Letter after is
Mushaddad
فف�
MaddLaazim:
Light
Letter after is
Sakinah
لما
مسط
رلا
حم
ن
مزلالا دم
MaddLaazim: 6 Harakaat
يملك
MaddLaazim:
within words
لقثم
MaddLaazim: Heavy
Letter after is
Mushaddad
أ�ضلا يين ل
أ�صلاة�خ
�م أ�طلاة
�ج أ ح
فف�
MaddLaazim: Heavy
Letter after is Sakinah
ئيلا ء
يفرح
MaddLaazim:
within letters
لقثم
MaddLaazim:
Heavy
Letter after is
Mushaddad
فف�
MaddLaazim:
Light
Letter after is
Sakinah
لما
مسط
رلا
حم
ن
Summary of Maddrules
دلما مكحأآ
ليصألا دم يعرفلا دم
ضوعلا دملَصلا دم :ىرغص
لصتلما بجاولا دم
صفنلما زئا�ا دم ل
لَصلا دم :ىبرك
لدبلا دم
مزلالا دم
نوكسلل ضراعلا دم
ينللا دم
٢تكرح
٢تكرح
٢\٤\٦تكرح
٤-٥تكرح
(ةيبطاشلا ةقيرط)
٤-٥تكرح
٦تكرح
دلما مكحأآ
ليصألا دم يعرفلا دم
ضوعلا دملَصلا دم :ىرغص
لصتلما بجاولا دم
صفنلما زئا�ا دم ل
لَصلا دم :ىبرك
لدبلا دم
مزلالا دم
نوكسلل ضراعلا دم
ينللا دم
٢تكرح
٢تكرح
٢\٤\٦تكرح
٤-٥تكرح
(ةيبطاشلا ةقيرط)
٤-٥تكرح
٦تكرح
Stopping
فقولا
Linguistic definition: To stop or to cut-off
Technical definition: To stop the recitation by cutting off the voice at the end of a
word with intention of returning to its recitation.
It cannot take place in the middle of a word.
There are 3 types of Waqf:
-يرابتخإلاا فقولا: The Testing Stop (teacher/listener stops you)
-يرارطضإلاا فقولا: The Compelled Stop (shortness of breath, coughing etc.)
-يرايتخإلاا فقولا: The Optional/Chosen Stop
فقولا
Linguistic definition: To stop or to cut-off
Technical definition: To stop the recitation by cutting off the voice at the end of a
word with intention of returning to its recitation.
It cannot take place in the middle of a word.
There are 3 types of Waqf:
-يرابتخإلاا فقولا: The Testing Stop (teacher/listener stops you)
-يرارطضإلاا فقولا: The Compelled Stop (shortness of breath, coughing etc.)
-يرايتخإلاا فقولا: The Optional/Chosen Stop
The Optional/Chosen Stop
يرايتخإلاا فقولا
Complete knowledge of this requires understanding of the Arabic Language
There are 4 types of optional/chosen stops:
-ماتلا فقولا: The Fulfilled Stop: Complete in meaning and grammar and not
connected in meaning/grammar with the following verse
-فيكلا فقولا: The Sufficient Stop: Meaning hasn’t finished but it is fine to stop.
-نس�ا فقولا: The Good Stop: The place of Waqf is connected with what follows
in meaning and grammar.
-حيبقلا فقولا: The Awful Stop: The place of Waqf has incomplete meaning and
gives off an offensive/disrespectful meaning to the beliefs of Ahlus-Sunnah
يرايتخإلاا فقولا
Complete knowledge of this requires understanding of the Arabic Language
There are 4 types of optional/chosen stops:
-ماتلا فقولا: The Fulfilled Stop: Complete in meaning and grammar and not
connected in meaning/grammar with the following verse
-فيكلا فقولا: The Sufficient Stop: Meaning hasn’t finished but it is fine to stop.
-نس�ا فقولا: The Good Stop: The place of Waqf is connected with what follows
in meaning and grammar.
-حيبقلا فقولا: The Awful Stop: The place of Waqf has incomplete meaning and
gives off an offensive/disrespectful meaning to the beliefs of Ahlus-Sunnah
Stopping rules
One should only be concerned about the last letter of the word he/she stops on:
If the last letter of the word has:
-Fathatayn: it becomes Fathawith Alif.
-Small/Round Taةor Haهbecomes يه
-Stretched letter remains the same
-Sukunremains the same
-Other Harakaatbecome Sukun
ا يكْ ح يكْ حا
ي آ ٌ ة ي آ يه
ي تي�ن ج ي تي�ن ج
يم ه لا يعَُآ يم ه لا يعَُآ
ٌ د حَآ حَآ يد
One should only be concerned about the last letter of the word he/she stops on:
If the last letter of the word has:
-Fathatayn: it becomes Fathawith Alif.
-Small/Round Taةor Haهbecomes يه
-Stretched letter remains the same
-Sukunremains the same
-Other Harakaatbecome Sukun
ا يكْ ح يكْ حا
ي آ ٌ ة ي آ يه
ي تي�ن ج ي تي�ن ج
يم ه لا يعَُآ يم ه لا يعَُآ
ٌ د حَآ حَآ يد
Stopping symbols
Madinah script
Sakt
Madinah script
Sakt
Stopping symbols
South-Asian script
South-Asian script
Places of Sakt
ْكس
When reciting via the way of Shatibiyyahthere are 4 compulsory places of Sakt:
-Between Verse 1 and 2 of Surah Kahf: ONLY WHEN CONNECTING THE VERSES
-Surah Yasin, verse 52: ONLY WHEN CONTINUING
ْكس
When reciting via the way of Shatibiyyahthere are 4 compulsory places of Sakt:
-Between Verse 1 and 2 of Surah Kahf: ONLY WHEN CONNECTING THE VERSES
-Surah Yasin, verse 52: ONLY WHEN CONTINUING
Places of Sakt
ْكس
Surah Qiyamah, verse 28
Surah Mutaffifeen, verse 14
Doing Idghamhere is
permissible
via Tariqahat-Tayyibah
ْكس
Surah Qiyamah, verse 28
Surah Mutaffifeen, verse 14
Doing Idghamhere is
permissible
via Tariqahat-Tayyibah
Permissible places of Sakt
Via the way of Shatibiyyah
Surah Haqqah: Connecting verse 28 and 29
The end of Surah Anfal & Beginning of Surah Tawbah
Via the way of Shatibiyyah
Surah Haqqah: Connecting verse 28 and 29
The end of Surah Anfal & Beginning of Surah Tawbah
Starting on Hamzatulwasl
What is most common with verses beginning with HamzatulWaslis that the words
they belong to are verbs.
HamzatulWaslin Verbs: If the 3rd letter of the verb carries a Fathahor Kasrah,
theHamzatulWaslwill be given a Kasrahwhenbeginningon it. If the 3rd letter of
the verb carries a Dhammah, then the HamzatulWaslwill be given a Dhammah.
In words beginning with لا, the HamzatulWaslshould be given a Fathah.
(Definite articles)
يها د يرا نا ج يذا يي ع ه بايو
نيحْ�رلا
What is most common with verses beginning with HamzatulWaslis that the words
they belong to are verbs.
HamzatulWaslin Verbs: If the 3rd letter of the verb carries a Fathahor Kasrah,
theHamzatulWaslwill be given a Kasrahwhenbeginningon it. If the 3rd letter of
the verb carries a Dhammah, then the HamzatulWaslwill be given a Dhammah.
In words beginning with لا, the HamzatulWaslshould be given a Fathah.
(Definite articles)
يها د يرا نا ج يذا يي ع ه بايو
نيحْ�رلا
Silent Alif
The Alifin the word انأwill be silent when continuing, however it should be
pronounced when stopping on it (though this is rare, unless it is a compelled stop)
Any Alif that has a circle on top of it is silent takes the same ruling.
When stopping on the wordلا س لا سthen the reciter can either pronounce the alif
or not. When continuing the Alifshould notbe pronounced.
يي مُآ و يِيحُآ ناأآ لا قْ
�ن كلا و ه
The Alifin the word انأwill be silent when continuing, however it should be
pronounced when stopping on it (though this is rare, unless it is a compelled stop)
Any Alif that has a circle on top of it is silent takes the same ruling.
When stopping on the wordلا س لا سthen the reciter can either pronounce the alif
or not. When continuing the Alifshould notbe pronounced.
يي مُآ و يِيحُآ ناأآ لا قْ
�ن كلا و ه
Differences in Shatibiyyah/Tayyibah
Surah Al-Baqarah
Surah Al-A’raaf
Surah At-Tur
Surah Al-Ghashiyah
Shatibiyyah: Pronounced with س
Tayyibah: Pronounced with ص
Shatibiyyah: Pronounced with ص
Tayyibah: Pronounced with س
Shatibiyyahand Tayyibah: Pronounced with ص
Surah Al-Baqarah
Surah Al-A’raaf
Surah At-Tur
Surah Al-Ghashiyah
Shatibiyyah: Pronounced with س
Tayyibah: Pronounced with ص
Shatibiyyah: Pronounced with ص
Tayyibah: Pronounced with س
Shatibiyyahand Tayyibah: Pronounced with ص
Miscellaneous rules
Imalah: Deflection: Here the Fatha and Alif of رis deflected towards the sound
of a Kasrahand Yaa.
Surah Hud Verse 41
Surah Yusuf verse 12
Ishmam
Whilst doing Ghunnahon the نyou circle your
lips to symbolise a Dhammah.
(Permissible via Shatibiyyahand compulsory via
Tayyibah)
Rawm/Ikhtilas
Another نis pronounced
before the original انand
this extra نis given a very
short Dhammahsound.
(Only permissible via
Shatibiyyah)
Imalah: Deflection: Here the Fatha and Alif of رis deflected towards the sound
of a Kasrahand Yaa.
Surah Hud Verse 41
Surah Yusuf verse 12
Ishmam
Whilst doing Ghunnahon the نyou circle your
lips to symbolise a Dhammah.
(Permissible via Shatibiyyahand compulsory via
Tayyibah)
Rawm/Ikhtilas
Another نis pronounced
before the original انand
this extra نis given a very
short Dhammahsound.
(Only permissible via
Shatibiyyah)
Miscellaneous rules
Surah Rum: Verse 54 –The word فعضcan be read with either a Fathaor Dhammahon
ض. However via the way of Tayyibahit should be read with a Fathaalone.
Surah Fussilat: Verse 44 –Tas’heelshould be done on the 2
nd
Hamzah:
Surah Rum: Verse 54 –The word فعضcan be read with either a Fathaor Dhammahon
ض. However via the way of Tayyibahit should be read with a Fathaalone.
Surah Fussilat: Verse 44 –Tas’heelshould be done on the 2
nd
Hamzah:
ايرخ الله كُازج
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