The-Self-from-Various-Philosophical-Perspectives.ppt

the self

1. THE
FROM VARIOUS PHILOSOPHICAL
PERSPECTIVES

2. OBJECTIVES
At the end of the module,
the participants must have:
•explored the concept of the self from the
different philosophical perspective
•appreciated the contribution of each
perspective to a better understanding of the
self
•made a personal phiosophyof the self

3. • Watch this video:
“Remind me Who am I” Jason Gray
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QSIVjjY8Ou8)

4. INTRODUCTION
•Finding answers to the question, Who am I?,
will lead us to our understanding of our
selves.
•This will take us to a journey inward –
journey toward the self.
•Let us explore the different concepts about
the self.
•The best way to begin is to look into what
philosophy say to explain the self.

5. ACTIVITY
•As the box is passed
around pick a rolled
paper with
instructions
•Perform what is
asked of you to do
•Answer the process
questions

6. LET’S EXPLORE . . .
•How do philosophers explain the concept of the self?
•Which of those concepts has a greater impact to
you? Why?
•What generalizations can you make out of those
philosophical concepts of the self?
•Cite some differences and similarities of these
concepts presented.
•What significant insights did you gather from the
activity?

7. •Know thyself
•The unexamined life is not worth living
•Ultimate wisdom comes from knowing
oneself.
•The more a person knows, the greater his or
her ability to reason and make choices that
will bring true happiness.

8. •The rational soul(intellect) is
the thinking portion within
each of us, which discerns
what is real and not, judges
what is true and what is false,
and makes the rational
decisions.
•The spirited soul, is the
active portion; its function is
to carry out the dictates of
reason.
•Finally, the appetitive soul
(emotion or desire) is the
portion of each of us that wants
and feels many things, most of
which must be deferred if we
are to achieve self-control.

9. ST. AUGUSTINE
•He introduced the concept
of freewill which means that
humans are morally
responsible for their actions.
•The goal of every human
person is to attain
communion and bliss with
the Divine by living his life
on earth in virtue.
•He created a new concept
of individual identity: the
idea of the self

10. •I think therefore I am (Cogito ergo sum).
•Dualistic distinction of the immaterial mind from the body,
all that we really are, or our identity, comes from the mind.
•The fact that one thinks should lead one to conclude
without a trace of doubt that he exists
DESCARTES

11. •Holds that personal identity is a matter of psychological
continuity.
•He considered personal identity (self) to be founded on
consciousness (memory) and not on the substance of
either soul or body.
•Man is a bundle of collection of different perceptions.
JOHN LOCKE

12. DAVID HUME
•There is no self that
remains the same,
consciousness is always
changing.
•Hume’s skeptical claim is
that we have no
experience of a simple,
individual impression that
we can call the self—
where the “self” is the
totality of a person’s
conscious life.

13. EMMANUEL
KANT
•There is an
inner and outer
self.
•There is a mind
that organizes
the different
impressions
that one gets
from the
external world.
•Moral duties
are not
hypothetical.
•They are what
we ought to
do, they are
your duty.

14. •Freud developed a more structural modelof the mind
comprising the entities id, ego and superego (what Freud
called “the psychic apparatus”).
SIGMUND
FREUD

15. GILBERT RYLE
•He explains that there is
no hidden entity called
"the mind" inside a
mechanical apparatus
called "the body”.
•The “self” is not an entity
one can locate and
analyze but simply the
convenient name that
people use to refer to all
the behaviors that people
make.

16. PAUL
CHURCHLAND
•Churchlandasserts
that since the mind
can't be experienced
by our senses, then
the mind doesn't
really exist.
•It is the physical brain
and not the imaginary
mind that gives us our
sense of self.

17. MAURICE
MERLEAU-
PONTY
•Mind or
consciousness cannot
be defined formally in
terms of self-
knowledge or
representation, then,
but is essentially
engaged in the
structures and actions
of the human world
and encompasses all
of the diverse
intentional
orientations of human
life.

18. •Make your own philosophy of the self
incorporating the ideas you learned from
the different philosophers.