THE SIGNIFICANCE OF SAR REMOTE SENSING IN VOLCANO-GEOLOGY FOR HAZARD AND RESOURCE POTENTIAL MAPPING

The significance of SAR remote sensing presented in ISEDM conference

1. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF SAR REMOTE SENSING
IN VOLCANO-GEOLOGY FOR HAZARD AND
RESOURCE POTENTIAL MAPPING
Asep Saepuloh and Erwin Bakker
Study Program of Geology Engineering, Faculty of Earth Sciences and
Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), Jl. GaneshaNo. 10,
Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.
The 6
th
International Symposium on Earth Hazard and Disaster Mitigation (ISEDM 2016)
“Commemoration of The 10th Anniversary of The 2006 Yogyakarta Earthquake”
ITB, 11 –12 October 2016

2. Outline Presentation
1.Introduction
2.SAR remote sensing
3.Mapping techniques of volcano-geology
4.Earth hazard and resource applications
5.Conclusions

3. 1. Introduction
➢Volcano-geology:
✓Identifying volcanic products and their stratigraphic
➢The problems:
✓Composite volcanoes, multiple centers, complex
✓The different depositional processes
✓Paleo-topographic controls
➢Principal of volcano-geology:
✓Volcano genetics
✓Physical properties of volcanic products
✓Depositional mechanism

4. Volcano-Geology
➢Basic principal for volcano hazard and resource mapping.
➢The distribution of volcanic products change drastically in
lateral and vertical event though in such short distance.
Hazard domains
✓Pyroclastic flows
✓Ash falls
✓Landslides
✓Lava flows
✓Lahars
Resource domains
✓Mining
✓Groundwater
✓Geothermal
✓Mineralization
http://prepperzone.net/volcanoes.html#.V_tD4yT5P5g
Young Old

5. 2. SAR remote sensing
(Sumber: https://www.boundless.com/)
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is an active remote
sensing sesorsutilized low frequency at microwave
region (1 mm –1 m).

6. Low frequency consequences
According to Elachi (1987) layer penetration capability
depending on:
➢Wavelength used by the sensor
✓Longer wavelength (low frequency) deeper layer
penetration
➢Electrical properties of surface (moist)
✓Drier surface deeper layer penetration
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tan�
Wavelength
Dielectric

7. Atmospheric layer penetration
Microwave sensors operate in all seasons, regardless
time, and cloud-free at longer wavelength.

8. ALOS PALSAR utilized in L-band wavelength (=23.6 cm) supposed to
be clear from canopy vegetation.
Optic Sensor
Surface layer penetration

9. Landsat-8
Color composite of ALOS PALSAR image for R,G,B= HV, HH, VV showing
ancient coastal line under canopy vegetation (Saepuloh, 2014).
ALOS PALSAR
Landsat-8
ALOS PALSAR
Vegetation
Ancient
coastal
lines
Surface layer penetration

10. Deeper layer penetration is achieved by L-band
frequency at dray surface condition such as dessert.
Near surface layer penetration

11. Current Channels
Paleo Channels
Near surface layer penetration
Color composite of ALOS PALSAR image for R,G,B= HV, HH, VV
showing current and paleo channels at Kalimantan.

12. 3. Mapping techniques of
volcano-geology
➢Quantitative method:
✓Polarimetricdecomposition
✓Physical properties model
✓Scattering mechanism base
➢Qualitative method :
✓Geomorphologic and structural features
✓Visual color composite base
➢Practically, both methods used
Young volcanoes
Old volcanoes

13. Selected study area
The Guntur Volcanic Complex (GVC) and Malabar Volcanic
Complex (MVC) as young and old composite volcanoes showed
a different morphological features. [107.4958, -7.0535]
[107.9298, -7.3136]
Malabar Volcanic
Complex Guntur Volcanic
Complex
7 km
N
2300 m
500 m

14. DATA
Communication antenna
Solar Paddle
PALSAR
PRISM
AVNIR-2
ADVANCED LAND OBSERVING
SATELLITE (ALOS)
➢To provide maps for Japan
and other countries including
those in the Asian-Pacific
region (Cartography).
➢To perform regional
observation for "sustainable
development", harmonization
between Earth environment
and development (Regional
Observation).
➢To survey natural resources
(Resources Surveying).Item Specification
1270 MHz / 23.6 cm
Chirp band width
Image modes
Single polarization (HH or VV)
Dual pol. (HH+HV or VV+VH)
Quad-pol. (HH+HV+VH+VV)
Off-nadir angle
Variable: 9.9 – 50.8 deg.
(inc. angle range: 7.9 - 60.0)
Look direction Right
Yaw steering ON
Swath width
70 km (single/dual [email protected]°)
30 km ([email protected]°)
Ground resolution
~ 9 m x 10 m (single [email protected]°)
~ 19 m x 10 m (dual [email protected]°)
~ 30 x 10 m ([email protected]°)
~ 71-157m (4 look) x 100m (2 look)
Data rates
Orbit cycle 46 days
Centre frequency
28 MHz (single polarisation)
14 MHz (dual, quad-pol., ScanSAR)
ScanSAR (HH or VV; 3/4/5-beam)
ScanSAR: 20.1-36.5 (inc. 18.0-43.3)
350 km (ScanSAR 5-beam)
Rg (1 look) x Az (2 looks)
240 Mbps (single/dual/quad-pol)
120 or 240 Mbps (ScanSAR)
PHASED ARRAY L-BAND SYNTHETIC
APERTURE RADAR (PALSAR)

15. Scattering mechanism for young
volcanoes
1
High
entropy
2
Dielectric
target3
Low
Order
4
Brag
surface
Scattering models:
1.Volume (1,2)
2.Double bounce (3)
3.Surface (4)

16. Identification of volcanic complex
5 km
N
Guntur Volcanic
Complex
R=Double-bounce
G=Volume
B=Surface
The scattering mechanism of polarimetricdata at GVC indicated
the boundary of volcanic complex with volume scattering due to
rough volcanic products

17. Identification of volcanic units
5 km
N
The Geomorphologic and Structural Features (GSF) at young
volcanic field identified clearly the genetic or source of volcanic
groups within a volcanic complex presented by eruption centers

18. Identification of volcanic structures
The ascending (left) and descending (right) orbit images are
useful to identify the unclear structural features at old volcanic
field such as faults and crater rim presented by white arrows.
2 km
N
2 km
N

19. Identification of volcanic structures
The ascending (left) and descending (right) orbit images significance
to identify the linear features related to surface permeability using
Segment Tracing Algorithm (Koike et al., 1995).
6 km
N
Malabar
Malabar
Windu
6 km
N
Malabar
Malabar
Windu

20. 4. Earth hazard and resource applications
Figure(A)Composite RGB
backscatteringintensityimageR=HH,
G=HV, B=VH, (B)Composite
Yamaguchidecompositionimage
R=DoubleScattering(Pd),G=Volume
Scattering(Pv),danB=Surface
Scattering(Ps),dan(C)delineation
volcanostratigraphyunitusingPolsar
data

21. Volcanic hazard front applications
Detected volcanic products and stratigraphic as
indication hazard front of young volcanism at
Guntur Volcanic Complex.
0.05 ma
0.07 ma
0.08 ma
0.14 ma
0.33 ma

22. Volcano-related resource applications
Detected volcanic products and stratigraphic as indication for
geothermal resources of old volcanism at Malabar Volcanic
Complex.

23. 5. Conclusions
➢The SAR data provided useful information to map the
volcano-geology especially under Torrid Zone condition.
➢The polarimetricdecomposition is effective to delineate the
boundary of the young volcanic field which is identified by
volume scattering.
➢For the old volcanic fields, the visual interpretation of the GSF
based on backscattering intensity images from dual orbit is
effective to observe the structural features in different Line of
Sight (LOS).
➢The relative stratigraphic of the detected volcanic formations
at GVC and MVC agreed with absolute dating of volcanic
products.

24. Thank You
Bird view of Guntur, Nov. 21, 2015, 8:42:36 AM