the_skull_revised human anatomy ......ppt

Skull bones and bony landmark

1. THE SKULL
2 Divisions
Cranium
Face

2. •Most complex bony structure
•22 bones in all
•Mostly flat bones, but not all!

5. Cranial Bones: 8
•FridayFind and describe:
•1. frontal bone
•2. occipital bone
•3. sphenoid bone
•4. ethmoid bone
•5. parietal bones (2)
•6. temporal bones (2)

6. Functions of Cranial Bones
•Enclose and protect the brain
•Attachment sites for head and neck
muscles

7. Functions of Facial Bones
•1. form framework of face
•2. contain cavities for special sense
organs
•3. openings for food/air passage
•4. secure the teeth
•5. anchor the facial muscles of expression

8. •ALL BONES OF THE SKULL ARE
FIRMLY LOCKED IN PLACE BY JOINTS
CALLED SUTURES
•Four major sutures

9. THE CRANIUM (8)
1 frontal bone
2 parietal bones
2 temporal bones
1 occipital bone
1 sphenoid bone
1 ethmoid bone

10. THE FRONTAL BONE

11. Parietal Bones: Form most of the superior and
lateral aspects of the skull
Figure 7.3a

12. Parietal Bones
•Curved, rectangular bones forming
majority of the cranium
•All four major sutures articulate with this
bone

13. Look up the 4 major sutures of
the skull

15. Parietal Bones and Major Associated Sutures
•Four sutures mark the articulations of the
parietal bones
–Coronal suture –articulation between
parietal bones and frontal bone anteriorly
–Sagittal suture –where right and left parietal
bones meet superiorly
–Lambdoid suture –where parietal bones
meet the occipital bone posteriorly
–Squamosal or squamous suture –where
parietal and temporal bones meet

16. Occipital Bone and Its Major
Markings
•Forms most of
skull’s posterior
wall and base
•Major markings
include the
posterior cranial
fossa, foramen
magnum, occipital
condyles, and the
hypoglossal canal
Figure 7.2b

18. Temporal Bones
•Lateral sides of the skull
•Zygomatic processconnects with
zygomatic arch
•External auditory meatus (external ear)
•Styloid processmuscle attachment for
tongue and neck
•Mastoid processneck muscles

19. Temporal Bones
Figure 7.5

20. Sphenoid Bone
•Spans width of middle cranial fossa
•Articulates with all other cranial bones
•Three partsgreater wing, lesser wing
and pterygoid processes
•Sella turcicaenclosure for pituitary
gland

23. Ethmoid Bone
•Complex shape
•Nasal cavity and orbital cavity
•Cribriform plateroof of the nasal cavity
•Crista galli-outermost covering of the
brain cover connects here

26. Maxillary Bones
•Medially fused bones that make up the
upper jaw and the central portion of the
facial skeleton
•Facial keystone bones that articulate with
all other facial bones except the mandible
•Their major markings include palatine,
frontal, and zygomatic processes, the
alveolar margins, inferior orbital fissure,
and the maxillary sinuses

27. Maxillary Bone
Figure 7.8b