THE SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE ON GENDER AND SEXUALITY.pptx

A research paper about the global perspective on LGBT community.

1. FROM CRISIS TO ADVOCACY, FROM RESISTANCE TO ACCEPTANCE: THE SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE ON GENDER AND SEXUALITY

2. T he Sociological Perspective of Gender and Sexuality Sexuality and gender E ntwined with social, cultural and historical contexts Conclusion Cultural relativism constitutes ideas while society helps it develop C ultural Relativism the view that ethical and social standards reflect the cultural context from which they are derived. S o cial Structures W orsens or may help gender issues. L ike gender inequalities Family Education starts from home Educational institution S ignificant role in influencing attitudes on gender and sexuality

3. H ow do countries differ in their regard to LGBTQ+ community? Asia Asia's diverse perspectives on LGBTQ+ rights vary, with Taiwan and India making significant strides, while some countries, particularly religiously influenced ones, have more conservative ideologies, and Japan has not fully embraced LGBTQ+ rights. 1 A frica Africa's LGBTQ+ rights have been recognized in some countries, like South Africa, but traditional ideologies often outlaw homosexuality, leading to legal repercussions and societal discrimination in some regions, despite significant progress in some African nations. 3 E urope Europe's attitudes towards LGBTQ+ rights vary, with some countries like the Netherlands, Sweden, and the UK being progressive. The European Union has recognized same-sex unions and marriages, while Eastern European nations may be more conservative. 2 America LGBTQ+ rights have advanced significantly in North America, particularly in the United States and Canada, where same-sex marriage is now permitted. LGBTQ+ rights in South America, which includes nations like Argentina and Brazil, have improved recently, despite difficulties and discrimination still existing. More diverse viewpoints can be seen in Central America and the Caribbean, where some nations have more welcoming policies while others uphold traditional, religiously orthodox viewpoints. The rights of transgender people are now protected and recognized in several countries of Latin America. 4

4. Asia Asia's diverse perspectives on LGBTQ+ rights vary, with Taiwan and India making significant strides, while some countries, particularly religiously influenced ones, have more conservative ideologies, and Japan has not fully embraced LGBTQ+ rights. 1

5. E urope Europe's attitudes towards LGBTQ+ rights vary, with some countries like the Netherlands, Sweden, and the UK being progressive. The European Union has recognized same-sex unions and marriages, while Eastern European nations may be more conservative. 2

6. A frica Africa's LGBTQ+ rights have been recognized in some countries, like South Africa, but traditional ideologies often outlaw homosexuality, leading to legal repercussions and societal discrimination in some regions, despite significant progress in some African nations. 3

7. America LGBTQ+ rights have advanced significantly in North America, particularly in the United States and Canada, where same-sex marriage is now permitted. LGBTQ+ rights in South America, which includes nations like Argentina and Brazil, have improved recently, despite difficulties and discrimination still existing. More diverse viewpoints can be seen in Central America and the Caribbean, where some nations have more welcoming policies while others uphold traditional, religiously orthodox viewpoints. The rights of transgender people are now protected and recognized in several countries of Latin America. 4

8. L aws enacted to protect the LGBTQIA+ Community European Countries

9. Netherlands: The Netherlands was the first country in the world to legalize same-sex marriage in 2001. “Wet openstelling huwelijk " (Marriage Act) of 2001.” Belgium: Belgium also legalized same-sex marriage in 2003. "Wet tot openstelling van het huwelijk voor personen van hetzelfde geslacht " (Law opening marriage to persons of the same sex) of 2003. Spain: Spain legalized same-sex marriage in 2005 and has strong anti-discrimination laws protecting LGBTQ+ individuals. "Ley 13/2005, de 1 de julio , por la que se modifica el Código Civil en materia de derecho a contraer matrimonio " (Law 13/2005, of July 1, amending the Civil Code regarding the right to marry), commonly known as the "Ley de matrimonio homosexual" (Same-Sex Marriage Law). "Ley 3/2007, de 15 de marzo , reguladora de la rectificación registral de la mención relativa al sexo de las personas" (Law 3/2007, of March 15, regulating the correction of the sex mention of individuals in the registry). Portugal: Portugal legalized same-sex marriage in 2010 and has anti-discrimination laws in place. "Lei n.º 9/2010, de 31 de maio " (Law No. 9/2010 of May 31). Sweden: Sweden allows same-sex marriage and has comprehensive anti-discrimination and gender recognition laws. "Lag (2009:260) om ändring i äktenskapsbalken " (Act (2009:260) Amending the Marriage Code).

10. Norway: Norway legalized same-sex marriage in 2009 and has strong anti-discrimination and gender recognition laws. " Ekteskapsloven " (Marriage Act) OF 2009. Iceland: Iceland legalized same-sex marriage in 2010 and is known for its LGBTQ+ inclusive policies. " Lög um breytingu á hjúskaparlögum , nr. 87/1992, og leyfislagi , nr. 41/2003" (Act on Amendments to the Marriage Act, No. 87/1992, and the Act on Registered Partnerships, No. 41/2003). Denmark: Denmark was one of the early adopters of registered partnerships for same-sex couples and later legalized same-sex marriage. "Lov om ændring af lov om ægteskabs indgåelse og opløsning " (Act to Amend the Marriage Act) of 2012 Finland: Finland legalized same-sex marriage in 2017 and has robust anti-discrimination laws. " Laki avioliittolain 11 §:n muuttamisesta " (Act on the Amendment of Section 11 of the Marriage Act), of March 1, 2017. Germany: Germany legalized same-sex marriage in 2017 and has strong anti-discrimination and gender recognition laws. " Ehe für alle" (Marriage for All) of 2017. France: France legalized same-sex marriage in 2013 and has anti-discrimination laws in place. " Loi n° 2013-404 du 17 mai 2013 ouvrant le mariage aux couples de personnes de même sexe " (Law No. 2013-404 of May 17, 2013, opening marriage to same-sex couples).

11. United Kingdom: The UK has marriage equality and extensive anti-discrimination laws that cover sexual orientation and gender identity. "Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act 2013 Greece: Greece legalized civil partnerships for same-sex couples in 2015 and has made progress in LGBTQ+ rights. "Ν. 4356/2015 - Άρθρο 8 - Σύμ βαση συμφιλίωσης ανάμεσα σε ομόφυλα ζευγάρια" (Law 4356/2015 - Article 8 - Civil Partnership Agreement for Same-Sex Couples). Austria: Austria legalized same-sex marriage in 2019 and has anti-discrimination laws. " Ehe für alle" (Marriage for All) of 2019. Ireland: Ireland legalized same-sex marriage in 2015 and has strong anti-discrimination protections. "Thirty-Fourth Amendment of the Constitution (Marriage Equality) Act 2015." Luxembourg: Luxembourg legalized same-sex marriage in 2015 and has comprehensive anti-discrimination and gender recognition laws. " Loi du 18 juin 2004 relative à l'établissement d'un partenariat (PACS) et au régime fiscal et social de celui -ci, et modifiant : 1. le Code civil; 2. le Code de commerce; 3. le Code de la sécurité sociale ; 4. la loi modifiée du 13 juin 1984 relative à la sécurité sociale des travailleurs indépendants ; 5. la loi modifiée du 1er août 2001 relative à l'application de la législation sociale en ce qui concerne les travailleurs indépendants et les membres de leur famille (Memorial A No 103 du 23 juin 2004)." Estonia: Estonia recognizes same-sex partnerships and has anti-discrimination laws. " Loi du 4 juillet 2014 relative à la réforme du mariage et des régimes matrimoniaux " (Law of July 4, 2014, on the reform of marriage and matrimonial regimes). Czech Republic: The Czech Republic allows registered partnerships for same-sex couples and has anti-discrimination laws. " Zákon č. 115/2006 Sb., o registrovaném partnerství a o změně některých zákonů " (Act No. 115/2006 Coll., on Registered Partnership and on Amendment to Some Acts). Slovenia: Slovenia legalized same-sex marriage in 2017 and has anti-discrimination laws. " Zakon o zakonski zvezi in družinskih razmerjih " (Marriage and Family Relations Act). Malta: Malta has some of the most progressive LGBTQ+ laws in Europe, including gender identity recognition and conversion therapy bans. "Gender Identity, Gender Expression and Sex Characteristics Act." "Gender Identity Act." Of 2015.

12. L aws enacted to protect the LGBTQIA+ Community Asia-Pacific Countries

13. Taiwan: Taiwan became the first country in Asia to legalize same-sex marriage in 2019. It also has anti-discrimination laws that protect LGBTQ+ individuals in various aspects of life. New Zealand: New Zealand legalized same-sex marriage in 2013 and has comprehensive anti-discrimination laws, including protections based on gender identity and sexual orientation. Australia: Australia legalized same-sex marriage in 2017 following a national postal survey. The country also has anti-discrimination laws that cover LGBTQ+ individuals. South Korea: South Korea has made progress in LGBTQ+ rights, including the decriminalization of consensual same-sex sexual activity in 2003 and the recognition of transgender individuals' right to change their legal gender. Nepal: Nepal has some of the most progressive LGBTQ+ rights in South Asia. The country's Supreme Court has issued rulings in favor of LGBTQ+ rights, including recognizing a third gender on official documents.

14. India: In 2018, India's Supreme Court struck down Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code, which criminalized consensual same-sex sexual activity. While this was a significant step forward, there is ongoing work to strengthen LGBTQ+ rights. Japan: Japan has made progress in LGBTQ+ rights, including local ordinances that recognize same-sex partnerships and prohibit discrimination. However, there is no national same-sex marriage law. Thailand: Thailand has seen progress in LGBTQ+ rights, with discussions about civil partnership legislation, though it has not yet been fully enacted. Philippines: While same-sex marriage is not yet legal in the Philippines, some local ordinances and anti-discrimination measures have been passed in certain cities and municipalities. Vietnam: Vietnam has taken steps to recognize transgender individuals' rights, allowing gender changes on official documents and ending compulsory sterilization for transgender people seeking legal recognition.

15. Fiji: Fiji has made efforts to address LGBTQ+ rights, including anti-discrimination provisions in its 2013 constitution. Cambodia: Cambodia has recognized a third gender category on official documents and has made strides in addressing LGBTQ+ rights. Singapore: Singapore has repealed some of its anti-LGBTQ+ laws, such as the ban on consensual same-sex sexual activity. However, same-sex marriage is not yet recognized. Malaysia: Malaysia has various state-level anti-LGBTQ+ laws, but there are no nationwide protections. In some regions, local authorities have enforced discriminatory measures. Indonesia: Indonesia has seen increased discrimination against LGBTQ+ individuals in recent years, with some regions implementing anti-LGBTQ+ laws.

16. L aws enacted to protect the LGBTQIA+ Community American countries

17. Canada: Canada has had nationwide marriage equality since 2005. In addition to this, Canada has federal and provincial/territorial laws that protect against discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity. Many provinces have specific transgender rights legislation as well. Argentina: Argentina was the first Latin American country to legalize same-sex marriage in 2010. It also has comprehensive transgender rights legislation, including access to gender-affirming healthcare. Brazil: Brazil's Supreme Federal Court ruled in favor of same-sex marriage in 2011, effectively legalizing it across the country. Brazil has also implemented anti-discrimination laws that cover sexual orientation and gender identity. Mexico: Marriage equality has been established in several Mexican states through court decisions. Mexico City legalized same-sex marriage in 2009, and other states followed suit. The Mexican Supreme Court ruled in favor of marriage equality in 2015. Uruguay: Uruguay was the second country in the Americas (after Canada) to legalize same-sex marriage in 2013. The country has also enacted comprehensive LGBTQ+ anti-discrimination laws. Chile: Chile legalized same-sex civil unions in 2015 and subsequently recognized same-sex marriages performed abroad. Efforts to establish marriage equality in the country were ongoing as of my last knowledge update.

18. Colombia: Colombia's Constitutional Court legalized same-sex marriage in 2016. The country has also implemented laws against LGBTQ+ discrimination. Ecuador: Ecuador legalized same-sex marriage in 2019, becoming one of the more recent countries in the Americas to do so. The country has also implemented laws to combat LGBTQ+ discrimination. Costa Rica: Costa Rica legalized same-sex marriage in 2020 following a court ruling. The country has also adopted anti-discrimination laws covering LGBTQ+ individuals. United States: In the United States, marriage equality was achieved nationwide in 2015 through a Supreme Court ruling. Additionally, several states and municipalities have their own LGBTQ+ anti-discrimination laws and policies. The U.S. military has ended the "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" policy, allowing LGBTQ+ individuals to serve openly. Canada: Canada has had nationwide marriage equality since 2005. In addition to this, Canada has federal and provincial/territorial laws that protect against discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity. Many provinces have specific transgender rights legislation as well. Peru: In 2020, Peru's Constitutional Court issued a landmark ruling recognizing same-sex marriages performed abroad. The country has also taken steps to address LGBTQ+ discrimination.

19. L aws enacted to protect the LGBTQIA+ Community African countries

20. South Africa: South Africa stands out as one of the most LGBTQ+-friendly countries in Africa. The country's post-apartheid constitution, adopted in 1996, includes protections against discrimination based on sexual orientation. South Africa legalized same-sex marriage in 2006, becoming the first African country to do so. The country also has progressive laws concerning gender identity recognition. Seychelles: Seychelles, an island nation in the Indian Ocean, decriminalized homosexuality in 2016. This was a significant step toward LGBTQ+ rights and protections in the country. Mozambique: Mozambique decriminalized homosexuality in 2015. While there may not be extensive legal protections, this was a positive move toward reducing discrimination and violence against LGBTQ+ individuals. Cape Verde: Cape Verde decriminalized homosexuality in 2004 and has made some progress in recognizing LGBTQ+ rights. Botswana: In 2019, Botswana's High Court ruled that laws criminalizing homosexuality were unconstitutional, effectively decriminalizing same-sex relationships. This was a significant legal victory for LGBTQ+ rights in the country. Angola: In 2019, Angola decriminalized homosexuality by repealing colonial-era anti-LGBTQ+ laws. This was a notable step forward for LGBTQ+ rights in the country. Rwanda: While Rwanda has not legalized same-sex marriage, it has made efforts to protect LGBTQ+ individuals from discrimination and violence, and there are some LGBTQ+ advocacy organizations operating in the country.

21. L aws enacted to protect the LGBTQIA+ Community Oceana countries

22. New Zealand: New Zealand legalized same-sex marriage in 2013 and has comprehensive anti-discrimination laws that protect LGBTQ+ individuals. The country also allows for gender recognition on official documents without surgery. Australia: Australia legalized same-sex marriage in 2017 after a nationwide postal survey. The country has anti-discrimination laws that protect LGBTQ+ individuals and allows for gender identity recognition without requiring surgery in some states. Fiji: Fiji has taken steps toward LGBTQ+ rights, including efforts to combat discrimination, but legal recognition of same-sex relationships and comprehensive protections vary. Tahiti (French Polynesia): French Polynesia, an overseas collectivity of France, follows French law, which includes same-sex marriage and anti-discrimination protections based on sexual orientation and gender identity. New Caledonia: Like French Polynesia, New Caledonia is an overseas collectivity of France, and French laws, including LGBTQ+ rights, apply there.

23. Hawaii (USA): While not an independent country, Hawaii is a U.S. state located in Oceania. It has comprehensive LGBTQ+ rights, including marriage equality and anti-discrimination laws. Guam (USA): Guam, a U.S. territory in Oceania, follows U.S. federal law, which includes LGBTQ+ rights, such as marriage equality and anti-discrimination protections. Samoa: Samoa has made some progress in acknowledging LGBTQ+ rights and recognizing the need to address discrimination, but comprehensive legal protections are limited. Vanuatu: While there have been discussions about LGBTQ+ rights, including decriminalization of homosexuality, legal protections are not as extensive as in some other countries. Solomon Islands: LGBTQ+ rights and protections are limited in the Solomon Islands, and there are no specific laws recognizing same-sex relationships or addressing discrimination. Papua New Guinea: As of my last update, Papua New Guinea did not have comprehensive legal protections for LGBTQ+ individuals, and homosexuality was criminalized. Tonga: Tonga did not have extensive legal protections for LGBTQ+ individuals as of my last update, and same-sex relationships were not legally recognized.

24. P roposed Programs

25. S ocial media Campaigns for Awareness A udience engagement Encourage active participation from followers through polls, discussions, and user-generated content. Respond to comments and messages promptly to foster a supportive and inclusive online community. C ontent creation Create visually engaging and informative content, including graphics, videos, infographics, and written posts. Encourage LGBTQ+ individuals to share their personal stories and experiences, highlighting their achievements, challenges, and aspirations. Incorporate educational content to raise awareness about LGBTQ+ issues, terminology, and history. Campaign Development Identify key LGBTQ+ awareness themes, such as Pride Month, National Coming Out Day, Transgender Day of Remembrance, etc. Collaborate with LGBTQ+ organizations, activists, and community members to gather content ideas and personal stories. Develop a content calendar outlining campaign themes, post schedules, and target platforms (e.g., Instagram, Twitter, Facebook, TikTok). S afety and moderation Implement community guidelines and moderation protocols to maintain a safe and respectful online environment. Address and report any instances of hate speech or harassment promptly. I nclusivity and diversity Ensure that the campaign is inclusive of all LGBTQ+ identities, including transgender, non-binary, and intersectional experiences. Promote diversity within the LGBTQ+ community by featuring a wide range of voices and stories. Collaboration and partnership Collaborate with LGBTQ+ organizations, influencers, and allies to amplify the campaign's reach. Partner with LGBTQ+-friendly businesses and brands for support and cross-promotion. The objective of the "Social Media Campaigns for LGBTQ+ Awareness" program is to leverage social media platforms to raise awareness about LGBTQ+ issues, foster inclusivity, share personal stories, and celebrate the achievements of LGBTQ+ individuals. This program aims to create a supportive online community, reduce stigma and discrimination, and ultimately promote acceptance and understanding of LGBTQ+ rights and experiences.

26. O bjectives The objective of the "Social Media Campaigns for LGBTQ+ Awareness" program is to leverage social media platforms to raise awareness about LGBTQ+ issues, foster inclusivity, share personal stories, and celebrate the achievements of LGBTQ+ individuals. This program aims to create a supportive online community, reduce stigma and discrimination, and ultimately promote acceptance and understanding of LGBTQ+ rights and experiences.

27. Campaign Development Identify key LGBTQ+ awareness themes, such as Pride Month, National Coming Out Day, Transgender Day of Remembrance, etc. Collaborate with LGBTQ+ organizations, activists, and community members to gather content ideas and personal stories. Develop a content calendar outlining campaign themes, post schedules, and target platforms (e.g., Instagram, Twitter, Facebook, TikTok).

28. C ontent creation Create visually engaging and informative content, including graphics, videos, infographics, and written posts. Encourage LGBTQ+ individuals to share their personal stories and experiences, highlighting their achievements, challenges, and aspirations. Incorporate educational content to raise awareness about LGBTQ+ issues, terminology, and history.

29. A udience engagement Encourage active participation from followers through polls, discussions, and user-generated content. Respond to comments and messages promptly to foster a supportive and inclusive online community.

30. Collaboration and partnership Collaborate with LGBTQ+ organizations, influencers, and allies to amplify the campaign's reach. Partner with LGBTQ+-friendly businesses and brands for support and cross-promotion.

31. I nclusivity and diversity Ensure that the campaign is inclusive of all LGBTQ+ identities, including transgender, non-binary, and intersectional experiences. Promote diversity within the LGBTQ+ community by featuring a wide range of voices and stories.

32. S afety and moderation Implement community guidelines and moderation protocols to maintain a safe and respectful online environment. Address and report any instances of hate speech or harassment promptly.

33. HOMAGE TO RAINBOW CAMPAIGN Trainees’ engagement Encourage active participation of every Adult, aging 30 and up. Ensure that the program is inclusive for all. Collaboration and Partnerships: Collaborate with the Local Government Unit (LGU) for fundings and support. Partner with the TESDA, a program of the Government. Collaborate with the Member of LGBTQIA community. O bjectives The primary aim of the "HOMAGE TO RAINBOW CAMPAIGN" program is to engage members of the LGBTQIA community as resource speakers and trainers to facilitate workshops and seminars for adults, with the goal of enhancing their livelihood skills. By doing so, this initiative seeks to foster mutual appreciation and gratitude between the LGBTQIA members and the participants. This program aims to encourage adults to develop a more inclusive perspective and values towards LGBTQIA individuals, ultimately diminishing societal stigma and advancing acceptance of the LGBTQ community. Social Media Engagement: Launch a social media campaign using a designated hashtag to promote LGBTQ+ awareness, stories, and experiences. Share educational content, real-life stories, and informative graphics. Storytelling and Artistic Expression Encourage LGBTQ+ individuals to share their stories in seminars and then they will extend their expertise to the trainees. Showcase these works in public spaces and events. Inclusive Program Organize training and seminars to celebrate diversity and foster a sense of unity within the community.

34. O bjectives The primary aim of the "HOMAGE TO RAINBOW CAMPAIGN" program is to engage members of the LGBTQIA community as resource speakers and trainers to facilitate workshops and seminars for adults, with the goal of enhancing their livelihood skills. By doing so, this initiative seeks to foster mutual appreciation and gratitude between the LGBTQIA members and the participants. This program aims to encourage adults to develop a more inclusive perspective and values towards LGBTQIA individuals, ultimately diminishing societal stigma and advancing acceptance of the LGBTQ community.

35. Collaboration and Partnerships: Collaborate with the Local Government Unit (LGU) for fundings and support. Partner with the TESDA, a program of the Government. Collaborate with the Member of LGBTQIA community.

36. Trainees’ engagement Encourage active participation of every Adult, aging 30 and up. Ensure that the program is inclusive for all.

37. Inclusive Program Organize training and seminars to celebrate diversity and foster a sense of unity within the community.

38. Storytelling and Artistic Expression Encourage LGBTQ+ individuals to share their stories in seminars and then they will extend their expertise to the trainees. Showcase these works in public spaces and events.

39. Social Media Engagement: Launch a social media campaign using a designated hashtag to promote LGBTQ+ awareness, stories, and experiences. Share educational content, real-life stories, and informative graphics.