The solar based electrical fencing for agriculture safety

Solar base electrical fencing

1. A Presentation On “Farmer Friendly Solar Based Fence For Rural Agriculture” Presented By Mr. Pawar Rahul Miss. Khan Tabassum Mr. Nikam Mukund Miss. Sonawane Snehal Under The Guidance Of Project Incharge HOD Principal D r . Fa r e e d A h mad Prof. S.G. Phiske Dr. P.C. Tapre Dr. D.M.Yadav Department of Electrical Engineering Academic Year-2023-24 S.N.D. College of Engineering and Research Centre, Yeola - Nashik (423401)

2. ABSTRACT The abstract for the farmer-friendly solar-based electric fencing for rural agriculture project focuses on the implementation of solar-powered electric fences to protect agricultural lands from animals and intruders. This project utilizes solar energy to provide a low amount of current that gives a short, sharp shock to deter animals and thefts. The system incorporates an IR sensor to detect entry into the fenced area, providing an alert to the owner. By using solar energy, this system offers cost-effective protection for crops and fields, enhancing safety and security. The electric fence design is based on stable multivibrator principles, generating a square wave that is amplified to high voltage levels for fencing purposes. Overall, this project aims to provide a practical and economical solution to safeguard agricultural lands and maximize field production through controlled grazing.

3. INTRODUCTION Solar shock fencing, also known as solar electric fencing, is an innovative security system that combines traditional fencing with renewable energy technology, specifically solar power. This type of fencing delivers high voltage pulse signals of electricity through wires powered by solar panels, creating a psychological barrier for animals or intruders. When an object or animal touches the fence, completing the electric circuit by connecting to the ground, a short electric shock is delivered, deterring them from crossing the boundary.\ Solar shock fencing is effective for various applications such as protecting agricultural premises, enhancing security, and preventing unwanted elements from entering a specific area. It offers advantages like easy installation, affordability, adjustability, safety, and durability. However, it is important to note that solar shock fencing can be vulnerable to power outages and may not be recommended in certain situations, especially where small children or pets are present due to the electric shock it delivers.

4. L I TR A T U R E S U R V E Y Title : “Lal Utkarsh Kumar Singh, Krishna Murari Upadhyay, Vineet Kumar Pandey, R K Sharma, “Farmer Friendly Solar Based Electric Fence For Dettering Cattles”, JETIR ,May 2021." Author: Lal Utkarsh Kumar Singh, Krishna Murari Upadhyay, Vineet Kumar Pandey, R K Sharma. Summary: Agriculture provides all the people’s food needs as well as a variety of raw materials for industry. However, there is a significant loss of crops due to animal intrusion in agricultural lands. Title : “Prof. S Firdosh Parveen, Sabeeha Atahar, Priyanka L, Pallavi, Jyothi M,“Farmer Friendly Solar Electric Fence”, IJARSCT, July 2022.." Author: Prof. S Firdosh Parveen, Sabeeha Atahar, Priyanka L, Pallavi, Jyothi M. Summary: Solar electric fencing is one of the efficient periphery systems to protect your property than conventional barbed wire fencing. When an animal or human being comes in contact with the electric fence, they receive a sharp, short, painful but safe electric shock. Title : " MODULE TECHNOLOGY FOR AGRIVOLTAICS: VERTICAL BIFACIAL VS. TILTED MONOFACIAL FARMS." Author: Lanka Wijesinghe, Prasanga Siriwardena, Shamali Dahanayake, Dharshana Kasthuriratne, “Electric Fence Intrusion Alert System (eleAlert)”,IEEE,2011. Summary: We present the design and implementation of intrusion detection and alerting mechanism (eleAlert) for fences separating wildlife habitats and human settlements. Our objective is to improve the effectiveness of electric fences as a solution to the prevailing human-elephant conflict (HEC) in many parts of the world. EleAlert uses a network of sensors to detect and locate damages instantly and alert communities under threat via the mobile communications network.

5. The Farmer Friendly Solar Based Electric Fence for Rural Agriculture project is a renewable energy technology solution that aims to protect crops and farmlands from animals and intruders. The system is designed to be easily installed and expanded, offering a cost-effective alternative to increasing wall heights. The solar-powered electric fence system is compatible with various security gadgets and provides a safe, short, sharp shock to deter animals and thefts. The system uses a solar panel to charge a rechargeable battery, which powers an adjustable stable multivibrator that generates a square wave. This wave is amplified to a high voltage level and connected to the fence, providing an effective deterrent against animals and intruders. The system is equipped with an IR sensor that detects entry into the fenced area and alerts the owner, allowing them to monitor and control access to their land. This project is an excellent example of how renewable energy technology can be used to improve agricultural productivity and security in rural areas.

6. O B J E C T I V E The objective of solar shock fencing is to provide a safe and effective method for controlling animals by delivering a short, sharp shock that acts as memorable deterrent. Solar-powered fencing systems utilize solar energy to power electric fences, offering an economical and practical solution to protect fields and specific areas from animal trespass and browsing. These systems work by converting sunlight directly into DC current, providing an efficient means to manage man-animal conflicts and protect agricultural lands. Solar electric fences are designed to deter animals from crossing boundaries through the use of electric shocks, with the voltage of the shock ranging from discomfort to non-lethal levels. The primary goal of solar shock fencing is to prevent crop damage by animals and enhance security in agricultural settings, offering a sustainable and affordable alternative to traditional fencing methods.

7. NEED OF PROJECT Enhance Crop and Livestock Protection : To safeguard agricultural produce and livestock from wild animals and pests. Promote Sustainable Agriculture : Utilize renewable energy sources to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and grid electricity. Improve Farmer Livelihoods : Re d uce c r op and lives t ock l o s ses, t h er e by i n creasing i n co m e f o r rural farmers. Demonstrate Feasibility : Sh o wcase the prac t i c a l i t y a n d bene fits o f so la r - b a sed e l ectric fencing to encourage widespread adoption.

8. F i gu r e Fig: Actual Construction of Farmer Friendly Solar Based Electric Fencing For Rural Agriculture

9. F i gu r e Fig .Sustainability of Farmer Friendly Solar Based Electric Fencing For Rural Agriculture

10. Figure

11. COMPONENTS Solar Panel Batteries DC High Voltage Converer Circuit Support Structure Electric Wiring and Component GSM800L LCD Display1602 ATmega328P Microcontroller

12. Specification Solar Panel: Power watt -10 W Type : Poly-Crystalline Solar Module Open Circuit Voltage (VOC) – 23.1 Short Circuit Current (ISC) (Amps) – 0.60 mAmp

13. Battery : Voltage Per Unit: 12 V. Nominal Capacity: 12Ah,144Watt . DC High Voltage Converer Circuit : Input 4V. Input 25mAmp. Output 900V AC Supply. Support Structure: Racking or mounting systems that hold the solar panels in place. They can be ground-mounted, elevated on poles.

14. GSM800L : Message Sent By User Mobile LCD Display 1602 : The LCD1602 is a popular 16x2 character LCD display that can be used to provide a user-friendly interface for various projects, including the solar-based electric fencing system for rural agriculture. Here’s an overview of the LCD1602 and its integration into the project: A Tmega328P M i crocon t ro l l er: C o r e A r chitectu r e : A V R 8 - bit RI S C. Flash Memory : 32 KB. SRAM : 2 KB. EEPROM : 1 KB. Operating Voltage : 1.8 - 5.5V. I/O Pins : 23 programmable I/O lines. Timers : 3 (one 8-bit and two 16-bit). A nalog Input s : 6 c h a n nels of 1 -bit AD C. Communication : Supports USART, SPI, and I2C.

15. Component Cost Sr.No. Component Cost (Rs) 1. Solar Panel ( 1 unit) 1450 2. Battery 1250 3. DC High Voltage Circuit 900 4. Support Structure 3500 5. Electric Wiring and Other Component 2000 6. GSM 800L 499 7. LCD Display 150 8. ATmega328P Microcontroller 350 Total 10099

16. Project Photos Fig. Actual construction Farmer Friendly Solar Based Electric Fencing For Rural Agriculture

17. Battery Charging Time : 20Hours Circuit Total Load In Current :- 1.20Amps Any Body Shocking Circuit Current :- 1.60Amps (Peak Current) Message Sent Time :- 2 Sec Discharging Battery Time : 30Hours Calculation

18. Benefits to Society Increased Agricultural Productivity : By effectively preventing crop damage from wildlife, farmers can achieve higher yields, leading to increased income. Cost Savings : Solar-powered systems reduce electricity costs and eliminate the need for expensive conventional fencing materials and frequent maintenance. Enhanced Livelihoods: Improved security for crops and livestock translates into better financial stability for rural farmers, enabling them to invest in further agricultural improvements and education. Sustainable Energy Use: Utilizing solar power reduces reliance on fossil fuels and grid electricity, contributing to lower carbon emissions and a smaller environmental footprint. Wildlife Protection: Properly managed electric fencing minimizes harm to wildlife compared to lethal methods of pest control, promoting coexistence and biodiversity conservation. Reduced Land Degradation: By preventing animals from encroaching on cultivated lands, the system helps maintain soil integrity and reduces land degradation.

19. Advantages Cost-Effective : Solar-powered fencing systems reduce the need for electricity from the grid, lowering operational costs. They also decrease reliance on expensive conventional fencing materials. Increased Agricultural Yield : By preventing wildlife intrusions, farmers can protect their crops and livestock, leading to higher yields and increased income. Low Maintenance Costs : Solar-based systems have fewer moving parts and require less maintenance compared to traditional fencing, reducing long-term costs. Sustainable Energy Source : Solar power is renewable and environmentally friendly, reducing the carbon footprint associated with agricultural operations. Wildlife-Friendly : Electric fencing can be designed to deter wildlife without causing significant harm, promoting biodiversity and ecological balance. Resource Conservation : By preventing damage to crops, solar-based fencing helps conserve resources such as water, fertilizers, and seeds.

20. D i s a d v a n t a g e s High Initial Investment : The initial setup cost of solar-based electric fencing can be relatively high, including the cost of solar panels, batteries, fencing materials, and installation. This can be a significant barrier for small-scale farmers with limited capital. Regular Maintenance : Although solar panels and electric fences are generally low-maintenance, they still require regular inspection and maintenance to ensure optimal performance. This includes checking for damage, cleaning solar panels, and ensuring connections are secure.

21. Applications Preventing Wildlife Intrusion : Solar electric fencing acts as a barrier to keep wild animals such as deer, wild boars, and elephants away from crop fields. This minimizes crop damage and loss, ensuring better harvests. Safeguarding High-Value Crops : Protecting high-value crops such as fruits, vegetables, and specialty plants from animal damage can significantly increase farm profitability. Farm Security : Solar electric fencing provides a secure perimeter around the farm, deterring theft and unauthorized access. This is particularly important for farms in remote areas where traditional security measures are less effective. Protecting Farm Infrastructure : Securing storage facilities, equipment, and other farm infrastructure against theft and vandalism. Environmentally Friendly : Electric fencing is a non-lethal method of animal control, promoting coexistence with wildlife and reducing the need for harmful pesticides or physical barriers.

22. Future Work IoT Integration : Develop and integrate Internet of Things (IoT) devices for real- time monitoring and control of the fencing system. Sensors can be deployed to collect data on fence integrity, animal intrusions, and environmental conditions. Mobile Application : Create a mobile application that allows farmers to monitor and control the fencing system remotely, receive alerts, and access system diagnostics and maintenance schedules. Energy Storage Solutions : Investigate and implement advanced energy storage technologies, such as lithium-ion batteries, to ensure consistent power supply and improve system reliability during periods of low sunlight. Hybrid Power Systems : Explore the integration of additional renewable energy sources, such as wind or biomass, to complement solar power and enhance overall system resilience. Modular Design : Develop modular fencing solutions that can be easily scaled up or down to fit different farm sizes and types of crops or livestock. Regional Customization : Customize fencing systems to suit specific regional challenges, such as different types of wildlife threats or varying climatic conditions.

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