The spanish war of independence 1808 1812

2. THE SITUATIONTHE SITUATION
IN IN
SPAIN SPAIN
BEFORE THE WARBEFORE THE WAR
by Arancha Lomas

3. ECONOMIC CRISISECONOMIC CRISIS
Affected by the crisis of subsistanceAffected by the crisis of subsistance
Crisis of colonial tradeCrisis of colonial trade
Large national debtLarge national debt

4. POLITICAL CRISISPOLITICAL CRISIS
Affected by the French RevolutionAffected by the French Revolution
The end of the illustrated ideasThe end of the illustrated ideas

5. SOCIETYSOCIETY
The privilegedThe privileged
UnderprivilegedUnderprivileged
Artisans and farmersArtisans and farmers
Lower classesLower classes

6. SITUATION OF SPAINSITUATION OF SPAIN
Carlos IV was the kingCarlos IV was the king
Serious economic and political crisisSerious economic and political crisis
Spain was divided in two partsSpain was divided in two parts

7. THE THE
BEGINNING BEGINNING
OF OF
THE WARTHE WAR
by Celia Lópezby Celia López

8. Napoleón convince Carlos VI to be his ally in the conquest of Napoleón convince Carlos VI to be his ally in the conquest of
Portugal.Portugal.
Policy of Carlos VI:Policy of Carlos VI:
-Was not approved by his son, FernandoWas not approved by his son, Fernando
-First minister Godoy “ Tratado de Fontainebleu ” (1807)First minister Godoy “ Tratado de Fontainebleu ” (1807)
18th of October 1807: Junot conquered Portugal18th of October 1807: Junot conquered Portugal
- Murat more French armies continued entering in Spain- Murat more French armies continued entering in Spain
“ “ El Proceso del Escorial ” (October 1807)El Proceso del Escorial ” (October 1807)
“ “ El Motín de Aranjuez ” (19th March 1808):El Motín de Aranjuez ” (19th March 1808):
-“ “ Fernandinos ” : peasants, palace’s soldiers and servants.Fernandinos ” : peasants, palace’s soldiers and servants.
-First time the citizens went against the Ancient Regime.First time the citizens went against the Ancient Regime.
-Dismissal of Godoy.Dismissal of Godoy.
-Abdication of Carlos IV to his son, Fernando.Abdication of Carlos IV to his son, Fernando.

9. Murat didn’t recognize the new kingMurat didn’t recognize the new king
“ “ Abdicaciones de Bayona ” (5th of May 1808)Abdicaciones de Bayona ” (5th of May 1808)
Uprising (2nd of May 1808) repressed by the executions of Uprising (2nd of May 1808) repressed by the executions of
the 2nd of Maythe 2nd of May
Power:Power:
-Juntas LocalesJuntas Locales
-Juntas Supremas Provinciales Juntas Supremas Provinciales

10. WAR WAR
DEVELOPINGDEVELOPING
by Tomás Celestinoby Tomás Celestino

11. WAR DEVELOPINGWAR DEVELOPING
After the uprising of 2 of May on Madrid, the After the uprising of 2 of May on Madrid, the
news of the acts spread over the country, news of the acts spread over the country,
causing:causing:
The first reaction of indignation and solidarity The first reaction of indignation and solidarity
and,and,
Spanish population asked the emergence of Spanish population asked the emergence of
JuntasJuntas

12. THE TWO ATTITUDES OF
SPANISH PEOPLE
•AFRANCESADOS : intellectuals, officials and noblemans who from of the
Enlightened Despotism. They represented a very- qualified part of public ,
social and cultural leader sector. They have an Ideological reason based on the
dynastic change to approach the transformations that Spanish society
needed,placing a strong regime.

Frenchified people( afrancesados)
treated to make an ideologic bridge
between absolutists and liberals but
they found out hate of both sides:
one side underestimated them for
´´French´´ and the other side for
´´Spanish´´.

13. •THE PATRIOTIC FRONT: Divided in three different thoughts regarding
the ideological position on this :
-> The enlightened: wished the return of the king to continue with the
reforms.
-> The liberals: transformation of the Old Régime in a parliamentary
liberal regime, with a new Constitution.
-> The absolutists : turn to the Old Régime, they had the support of the
most part of popular classes, on defense of the land, the religion and the
king.

14. PHASES OF THE WARPHASES OF THE WAR
There are three main phases on the conflict, regarding with the domain of each side.
•FIRST PHASE: (May – November,1808). focused on the leadership of the spanish
resistance.
•
A large French army against the rest of the spanish one, which was supported by the
british and portuguese army.
• It started with the uprising on Madrid.
•The besiege of Zaragoza.
•The Bailen battle(on 19, Jule), by which the french troops were defeated , José
Bonaparte had to leave.
•Napoleón decided to intervene, and crossed the Pyrinees with his army, the Grande
Armée advancing to the capital and defeating the spanish resistance.

15. •Bailén battle : the
French troops
were defeated
and it was the
first setback of
Napoleón.

16. •SECOND PHASE: (November, 1808 – Jule, 1812). characterized by the
Attrition War and the action of the guerrilla.
• The French soldiers advanced to south. Cádiz could resist and there it had
organized a War government ( the Junta Suprema Central ).
•Attrition War: impossibility French troops had for controlling the territory.
Guerrillas consisted on units of armed countrymen with the objective of
mantaining in constant threat to French. Double effect upon the French
Army :
->they undermine the moral of French, and
-> forced to mantain a high number of men.

17. •Guerrilla´s
War was
the only
way to
wear down
and hinder
the effort
of French
war.

18. •THIRD PHASE: (Jule, 1812 - December,1813). Change on events.
->British troops ( headed by Wellington ) advanced to the south.
->Napoleón decided attacking Russia, so he retired the best units he had on
Spain. This provoked the hispanic – britain advance.
-> After the defeat on Russia, Napoleón retired more units leaving French
forces on inferiority.
-> Battle of Vitoria ( jun, 1813 ) consummated the French defeat and later
Napoleón signed the Valençay treaty , by which he returned the Spanish
crown to Ferdinand VII.

19. •Battle of
Vitoria, key of
the French
defeat and the
end of the
conflict.

20. CONSEQUENCES CONSEQUENCES
AFTER THE WARAFTER THE WAR
POLITICALPOLITICAL
ECONOMICAL
SOCIAL
by Javier Horcajada

21. POLITICAL CONSEQUENCESPOLITICAL CONSEQUENCES
•The bourgeoisie started to get powerThe bourgeoisie started to get power
•The church still was powerfulThe church still was powerful
•Emancipation of the Spanish American coloniesEmancipation of the Spanish American colonies

22. SOCIAL CONSEQUENCESSOCIAL CONSEQUENCES
•The estamental society fell apartThe estamental society fell apart
•Peculiar Spanish armyPeculiar Spanish army
•Demographic decreaseDemographic decrease

23. ECONOMICAL CONSEQUENCESECONOMICAL CONSEQUENCES
•Disastrous economy after the warDisastrous economy after the war
•The State got into debtThe State got into debt
•Lost of the economical benefits from the Lost of the economical benefits from the
coloniescolonies

24. ART
PAINTING & LITERATURE
by Zaida Soria

25. LITERATURELITERATURE
POETRY:
There are authors as Bernardo López (El dos de mayo) or Manuel José
Quintana (Al armamento de las provincias españolas contra los franceses).
Many authors belonged to the movement of the Neoclasicismo.
Exalt the courage and the commitment against the French army and
Emperor.
José de Espronceda wrote about the War of Independence and satirized it
and both of the warring parties.

26. LITERATURELITERATURE
NOVEL:
Benito Pérez Galdos considered that the War was a
slow process to get development for the country. Some
of his main titles are “Trafalgar” or “Bailén”.
Pedro Antonio de Alarcón: “ El afrancesado”.

27. Benito Pérez GaldósBenito Pérez Galdós

28. LITERATURLITERATUR
EE
THEATRE:
There are many plays which tell about
the main events happened in the war.
Juan José Aparicio: “El mejor triunfo
de España”.

29. Francisco de GoyaFrancisco de Goya
Goya was born in
Zaragoza, in 1746.
He obtained prestige
through orders done by
Carlos III.
“Pintor de cámara”.
He painted several
famous characters.

30. La familia de Carlos
IV
La Duquesa
de Alba

31. La maja
desnuda
La maja vestida

32. During a trip he fall ill and became
deaf, this event marked a point of
incision in his artistic career.
He started painting “Los Caprichos”.
They tried to show social defects and
the superstitions of the time.

34. Afterwards, he started “Los Desastres de la
Guerra” which were composed by 82 scenes
represented in a hardness way. They
represent the dramatic and horrifying
situation lived during the War og
Independence.
Goya represented his disaagrement with
the war in his works.
He didn’t defend “good” people or “bad”
ones. He painted Spanish people and
French ones in the same way.

35. ¡Qué valor!¡Qué valor!

36. EL fUsILAmIEnTo dEL EL fUsILAmIEnTo dEL
3 dE mAyo (1814)3 dE mAyo (1814)

38. During his last years Goya
worked in his most intimate
work: “Las Pinturas Negras”.
He tried to show with them the
darkest aspects of the people.

39. El Aquelarre
Saturno devorando a
sus hijos

40. CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

41. THANK YOU ALL THANK YOU ALL
FOR LISTENINGFOR LISTENING
now you may clap =D