The spine anatomy

The basic and crucial anatomy of Spine. structure of each vertibrae. easy to understand

1. Spine Anatomy Prepared By: Rakesh Sankpal 1 Rakesh Sankpal

2. The spine or vertebral column Main functions of spine: Supporting the majority of body weight Supporting the head, trunk, and upper extremities against the forces of gravity Protection to the spinal cord Shock absorption 2 Rakesh Sankpal

3. Design of spine 33 vertical segments, divided into 5 regions: Cervical vertibrae (7) Thoracic vertibrae (12) Lumbar vertibrae (5) Sacral vertibrae (5, fused) Coccygeal vertibrae (4, fused) 3 Rakesh Sankpal

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5. Atlanto -occipital joint and atlanto - axial joint 5 Rakesh Sankpal

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7. Thoracic vertebrae 7 Rakesh Sankpal

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10. Lumber vertebrae 10 Rakesh Sankpal

11. Facet joint 11 Rakesh Sankpal

12. Sacral and coccyx 12 Rakesh Sankpal

13. The cauda equina 13 Rakesh Sankpal

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15. Intervertebral disc Between the individual vertebrae in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar regions (not in the sacrum and coccyx) are oval shaped pads made of fibrocartilage called  intervertebral discs 15 Rakesh Sankpal

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17. Function They provide cushioning for the vertebrae and reduce the stress caused by impact. By keeping the vertebrae separated from each other, they act as a type of shock absorber for the spine. They help protect the nerves that run down the spine and between the vertebrae. They increase the flexibility of the spine and allow us to bend over at the waist without rubbing the vertebrae into each other. 17 Rakesh Sankpal

18. Structure The discs have a tough outer covering of cartilage that provides support (the annulus fibrosus ) and a soft, jellylike center that provides the cushioning (the nucleus pulposus ). 18 Rakesh Sankpal

19. Spinal Procedures Deformity- Scoliosis, Kyphosis , Lordosis 19 Rakesh Sankpal

20. Disc disorders Rakesh Sankpal 20

21. Listhesis - Various grades of spondylolisthesis and retrolisthesis 21 Rakesh Sankpal

22. MIS (minimally invasive spine surgery)- Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (ALIF) with Instrumentation Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (PLIF) Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion (TLIF) Direct Lateral Interbody Fusion (DLIF) 22 Rakesh Sankpal

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24. Spinal Tumors 24 Rakesh Sankpal