The sworn statement

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2. SWORN STATEMENT
SINUMPAANG SALAYSAY

3. Statement
Awrittenororalassertionof
certainfactspertinentandmaterialto
aninvestigation.

4. Statement
fromanyonehavingknowledgeof
thecrime
fromwitnesses
fromvictims
fromcomplainants
frompersonswhoaresuspects

5. Sworn Statement
Assisttheinvestigator–
toascertainthetruth
toestablishinvestigativeleads
todiscouragepersonsfrom
changingtheirtestimonyincourt

6. Types of Statement
Questionandanswertype
Narrativetype

7. Question and Answer Type
Preferablethanthenarrativetype
Itiseasiertodeveloporprovethe
essentialelementsofanoffense

8. Narrative Type
Hardforthejudgetobelievethat
thesuspectvoluntarilydictatedall
thatiscontainedintheconfession

9. Statement
Whenpossible,statementissecured
inwriting,preferablyinthe
handwritingofthepersonmakingthe
statement
NFSTI -PPSC
FBJR –4&6

10. LEADING and MISLEADING
QUESTIONS
LeadingorMisleadingquestions
shouldbeavoidedinthequestionand
answertype
NFSTI -PPSC
FBJR –4&6

11. LEADING QUESTIONS
Suggeststothewitnessoraccused
theanswerwhichtheinvestigator
desires
Example:“Didyoushootthedeceased
inyournecessaryself-defense?”
NFSTI -PPSC
FBJR –4&6

12. MISLEADING QUESTIONS
Onewhichassumesastrueafactnot
yettestifiedtobywitness,orcontrary
tothatwhichhehaspreviouslystated
Witnessmaybeinducedtogivean
answerwhichappearstosaymore
thanhemeans
Example:Whatarethenamesofthe
twopersonswhowentintoyourhouse
atthetimewhenthedeceasedwas
alsothere?
NFSTI -PPSC
FBJR –4&6

13. "YES" and "NO" ANSWERS
Anypersonbeingquestionedshould
haveanopportunitytopresent
relevantknowledgeinitsentirety.
Insistingon“YES"and“NO"answers
isnotonlyunfairbutresultsin
inaccurateanswersandpreventsa
flowofinformation.
Wheresuchresponsesareconcerned,
qualificationoftheanswersshouldbe
encouraged.
NFSTI -PPSC
FBJR –4&6

14. RECURRING QUESTIONS
Questionsthatshallbeaskedbyhe
investigatoronvictims,complainants,
witnesses,suspects,informants,and
informers,duringthephaseof
interviewandinterrogation.
Inthephysicaland mental
reconstructionsofhowthecrimewas
committed,thesequestionswill
preoccupythemindofinvestigator.
NFSTI -PPSC
FBJR –4&6

15. ONE QUESTION AT A TIME
Multiple,complex andlegalistic
questionsshouldbeavoided.
Onequestionatatimeisdesired.
NFSTI -PPSC
FBJR –4&6

16. IMPLIED ANSWERS
Thenodoftheheadoranybody
languageasaresponsetothe
questionsshouldbeavoided.
Theanswersmustbeoral,clear,
explicitandresponsivetothe
questions.
NFSTI -PPSC
FBJR –4&6

17. SIMPLICITY OF QUESTIONS
Ashortsimplequestionatatimeis
required.
Iftheanswerneedsqualification,then,
itisallowed.
Avoidlegalisticquestions,suchas:
whoisthemurderer;orwhoarein
conspiracywiththesuspect.
NFSTI -PPSC
FBJR –4&6

18. SAVING FACES
Embarrassing questionsonthe
subjectonmattersofexaggerationon
honeserrorsabouttime,distanceand
descriptioncanbeavoidedifthe
investigatorwillcooperatewiththe
subjecttosaveface.
Theinvestigatorshouldnotfaultor
ridiculethesuspectonthesematters.
NFSTI -PPSC
FBJR –4&6

19. Basic Parts of Sworn Statement:
TitleorIdentificationoftheStatement
containingthenameandaddressof
theaffiant,thename ofthe
investigator,aswellashisrank,the
witnessestotheswornstatement,
informationastowhereandwhenthe
statementwastaken.
NFSTI -PPSC
FBJR –4&6

20. Basic Parts of Sworn Statement:
Statement indicatingthatthe
investigatorandtheassistingcounsel
haveproperlyinformedtheaffiant
about theinvestigationbeing
conductedfortheperson’salleged
knowledgeand/orparticipationina
certaincrime
NFSTI -PPSC
FBJR –4&6

21. Basic Parts of Sworn Statement:
Statementinformingtheaffiantofhis
ConstitutionalRights
Long questionfollowedbya
monosyllableanswerisnotenough.
Thereshouldbeshortandclear
questionsandeveryrightexplainedin
simplewordsinadialectorlanguage
knownto,andunderstoodby,the
personunderinvestigation.
NFSTI -PPSC
FBJR –4&6

22. Basic Parts of Sworn Statement:
Statementindicatingthattheaffiant
thatwasinformedofhisConstitutional
Rights
NFSTI -PPSC
FBJR –4&6

23. Basic Parts of Sworn Statement:
Statementrevealingthepersonal
circumstancesoftheaffiant
NFSTI -PPSC
FBJR –4&6

24. Basic Parts of Sworn Statement:
Questionaskingtheaffiantifhe/she
knowswhyhe/sheisbeingquestioned
NFSTI -PPSC
FBJR –4&6

25. Basic Parts of Sworn Statement:
Questionsprovingtheindividual
elementsofthecrime
NFSTI -PPSC
FBJR –4&6

26. Basic Parts of Sworn Statement:
Statementinformingtheaffiantthat
theinvestigatorhasnomore
questionstoask.
NFSTI -PPSC
FBJR –4&6

27. Basic Parts of Sworn Statement:
Statementindicatingwhetherornot
theaffianthasanythingtochange,to
add,toclarify,ortodeletefromhis/her
statement.
NFSTI -PPSC
FBJR –4&6

28. Basic Parts of Sworn Statement:
Statementindicatingthattheaffianthas
completelyreadhisstatement(consisting
ofnumberofpages);thatheisfullyaware
ofthecontentsthereof;thathevoluntarily
andknowinglyansweredallthequestions;
thathewasnotinfluenced,convinced,
forced,threatened,promised,orpaidby
anyoneinexchangeforhisstatement;that
hegavehisstatementoutofhisownfree
willandvolition;thatwhathegaveinhis
statementisthetruth,thewholetruth,and
nothingbutthetruthaccordingtohis
perception.
NFSTI -PPSC
FBJR –4&6

29. Basic Parts of Sworn Statement:
Affiant’ssignature
Includeparent/guardian’ssignaturein
caseaffiantisofaminor
NFSTI -PPSC
FBJR –4&6

30. Basic Parts of Sworn Statement:
Confessionshouldcontainsufficient
detailsastothecommissionofthe
offense
NFSTI -PPSC
FBJR –4&6

31. Basic Parts of Sworn Statement:
Errorsineverypageintentionally
committedbytheinvestigator
Affiant’sattentionmustbedrawnto
theerrors
Affiantmustcorrecttheminhisown
handwritingandaffixhisinitials
thereto
Affiant’spersonalcorrectionswill
disproveallthedenialsthatmaylater
onberaised
NFSTI -PPSC
FBJR –4&6

32. Form of the Sinumpaang Salaysay
Type
Questionandanswer

33. Form of the Sinumpaang Salaysay
Type
Questionandanswer

34. Form of the Sinumpaang Salaysay
Language
knownto,and
understoodby,
theaffiant
(complainantor
witnesses)

35. Form of the Sinumpaang Salaysay
Subscribedandsworntobeforeany
prosecutor,
governmentofficialauthorizedto
administeroath,orintheirabsence,
notarypublic

36. Form of the Sinumpaang Salaysay
Withcertificationthathe
personallyexaminedtheaffiantsand
issatisfiedthathe
voluntarilyexecutedand
understoodhisstatements

37. Contents of the Sworn Statement
Name,address,ageandotherpersonal
circumstancesoftheaffiant(offended
party/complainant/witness);

38. Contents of the Sworn Statement
Nameofthepersontakingthe
statement,place,dateandtimewhen
thestatementwastaken;

39. Contents of the Sworn Statement
Name,address,ageandotherpersonal
circumstancesoftheoffender;

40. Contents of the Sworn Statement
Thepresentwhereaboutsofthe
offender;

41. Contents of the Sworn Statement
The physicaldescriptionand
identifyingmarksorfeatures,ifany,of
theoffender;

42. Contents of the Sworn Statement
Therelationship(totheoffendedparty)
ofeachoffender;

43. Contents of the Sworn Statement
Place,dateandtimeofoffense;

44. Contents of the Sworn Statement
Mannerofcommissionoftheoffense;

45. Contents of the Sworn Statement
Nameandaddress,ifknown,ofeach
witness;

46. Contents of the Sworn Statement
Referenceto,anddescriptionof
documentaryandrealevidence;

47. Contents of the Sworn Statement
Priorattemptsorthreats;

48. Contents of the Sworn Statement
Relevant statements including
admissionsmadebyoffenderbefore,
duringoraftercommissionofoffense;

49. Contents of the Sworn Statement
Aggravating,modifyingandqualifying
circumstancessuchasrelationship
andminority

50. Contents of the Sworn Statement
Reasonfordelayinreportingcrime,
whereappropriate

51. HOW TO INTERVIEW A
COMPLAINANT OR A
WITNESS

52. GOAL OF INTERVIEW
The success of an investigation and the
subsequent prosecution of a suspect will
often depend on the accuracy and
credibility of the victim’s original
statement.
Any misleading or inaccurate statement
may decrease the likelihood of your
detecting whether a suspect is lying or
not.

53. TIPS FOR A GOOD
INTERVIEW!!!!
Interview in a private area to encourage
open and candid disclosures.
Have a private room. Close the door. Turn
off your cell phone. Do not put the tape
recorder in an obvious place. Do not allow
interruptions or distractions.
Interview victims and witnesses
separately for more accurate information.

54. TIPS FOR A GOOD
INTERVIEW!!!!
At a crime scene, separate a witness
from friends and family; walk alone with
a victim, talk to a suspect in the car.
Do not ask the victim and her witnesses
to repeat their allegations in front of the
suspect: they may retract because of
fear!
Write out their statements only if you
are satisfied that you have conducted a
good forensic interview

55. TIPS FOR A GOOD
INTERVIEW!!!!
The statement should confine itself to
reported facts. Do not use phrases like
“raped”, “molested”, “murdered” or
“assaulted” because these are not only
legally defined words, but they also
describe a whole range of possible
activities. Just put down what was said
and done.
You may want to incorporate emotional
state

56. TIPS FOR A GOOD
INTERVIEW!!!!
The statement should reflect the victim’s
or witnesses’ own language. She must
understand the meaning of the words
used. This is particularly important when
the victim is a child.
In sex cases, use the victim’s own words
for sexual behaviour and sexual parts.

57. TIPS FOR A GOOD
INTERVIEW!!!!
After you have finished the written
statement, make sure the victim or the
witness reads it, understands it, and if
necessary, be allowed to make
corrections before signing.
Allow her to take her time. Don’t rush
her. It was difficult for her to come and
see you.