The TISSUE anatomy and physiology ncm 001

Tisuue anatomy

1. WHAT IS TISSUE? group of cells with similar structure and function plus extracellular substance

2. Epithelial tissue Connective tissue Muscle tissue Nervous tissue 4 Basic type of tissue

3. EPITHELIAL TISSUE

4. EPITHELIAL TISSUE Functions: Protection Sensory functions Secretion Absorption Excretion

5. EPITHELIAL TISSUE Types and locations Epithelium is divided into two types: Membranous (covering or lining) epithelium Glandular epithelium Locations Membranous epithelium —covers the body and some of its parts; lines the serous cavities, blood and lymphatic vessels, and respiratory, digestive Glandular epithelium —secretory units of endocrine and exocrine glands

6. EPITHELIAL TISSUE Classification of epithelial tissue Classification based on cell shape Squamous Cuboidal Columnar Pseudostratified columnar

7. EPITHELIAL TISSUE Squamous epithelium One-cell layer of flat cells Permeable to many substances Location :lines blood vessels,lungs and part of circulatory system

8. EPITHELIAL TISSUE Cuboidal epithelium One-cell layer of cuboidal cells Found in many glands and ducts

9. EPITHELIAL TISSUE Simple columnar epithelium Single layer of tall, column-shaped cells Function: protection and secretion Location: stomach, intestines, resp. tract

10. EPITHELIAL TISSUE Pseudostratified columnar epithelium Columnar cells of differing heights All cells rest on basement membrane but may not reach free surface above Found in lining air passages and segments of male reproductive system nasal cavity and trachea

11. CONNECTIVE TISSUE

12. CONNECTIVE TISSUE Functions, characteristics, and types General function—connects, supports, transports, and protects Cells are apart and contains large amounts of extracellular matrix EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX 3 COMPONENTS protein fibers – collagen (fiber extracellular matric) – reticular (fine fibrous) – elastin. ground substance fluid

13. CONNECTIVE TISSUE Four main types: Fibrous Loose, ordinary (areolar) Adipose Reticular Dense Bone Cartilage Hyaline Fibrocartilage Elastic Blood

14. CONNECTIVE TISSUE Loose, ordinary (areolar) connective tissue One of the most widely distributed of all tissues Location: between organs, muscles, blood vessels, glands, skin Structure: collagen fibers far apart Function: support and protect

15. CONNECTIVE TISSUE Dense Fibrous Tissue Location: tendons, ligaments, skin Structure: collagen fibers packed close together Function: connect and can withstand pulling forces

16. CONNECTIVE TISSUE Adipose tissue Similar to loose connective tissue but contains mainly fat cells Functions—protection, insulation, support, and food reserve Structure: collagen and elastic fibers, cells filled with lipids

17. CONNECTIVE TISSUE Reticular tissue Forms framework of spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow Consists of network of branching reticular fibers with reticular cells overlying them Functions —defense against microorganisms and other injurious substances; reticular meshwork filters out injurious particles, and reticular cells phagocytose them

18. CONNECTIVE TISSUE Dense Fibrous Tissue Matrix consists mainly of fibers packed densely and relatively few fibroblast cells Locations —composes structures that need great tensile strength, such as tendons and ligaments; also dermis and outer capsule of kidney and spleen Function —furnishes flexible connections that are strong or stretchy

19. CONNECTIVE TISSUE Bone Tissue hardest connective tissue composed of osteocytes, osteoblast and osteoclast Osteocytes - are mature bone cells Osteoblasts - are bone-forming cell Osteoclasts - resorb or break down bone

20. CONNECTIVE TISSUE Bone Tissue hardest connective tissue composed of osteocytes, osteoblast and osteoclast Osteocytes - are mature bone cells Osteoblasts - are bone-forming cell Osteoclasts - resorb or break down bone

21. CONNECTIVE TISSUE Cartilage Location : covers ends of bones, between vertebra, ear and tip of nose Structure: composed of chondrocytes contains collagen and elastic fiber Chondrocytes – mainly produce collagen and the extracellular matrix. Function: support, flexibility, strength

22. CONNECTIVE TISSUE

23. CONNECTIVE TISSUE

24. CONNECTIVE TISSUE

25. CONNECTIVE TISSUE Blood A liquid tissue Contains neither ground substance nor fibers Composition of whole blood Formed elements contribute 45% of total blood volume Red blood cells, erythrocytes White blood cells, leukocytes Platelets, thrombocytes

26. CONNECTIVE TISSUE Blood A liquid tissue Contains neither ground substance nor fibers Composition of whole blood Formed elements contribute 45% of total blood volume Red blood cells, erythrocytes White blood cells, leukocytes Platelets, thrombocytes

27. MUSCULAR TISSUE

28. Muscle tissue Muscle tissue is a type of tissue in the body that is responsible for movement.It can contract and relax,allowing for various functions in the body

29. NERVOUS TISSUE

30. NERVOUS TISSUE Found in brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves Controls and coordinates body movements Consist of neurons or nerve cells Includes axons, dendrites, cell bodies

31. NERVOUS TISSUE 2 COMPONENT OF NERVOUS TISSUE Somatic sensory fibers - delivering impulses from the skin, skeletal muscles, and joints are called somatic sensor fibers. Visceral sensory fibers - Those that transmit impulses from the visceral organs are called visceral sensory fibers

32. TISSUE REPAIR Tissues have a varying capacity to repair themselves; damaged tissue regenerates or is replaced by scar tissue Regeneration — growth of new tissue Scar — dense fibrous mass; unusually thick scar is a keloid Epithelial and connective tissues have the greatest ability to regenerate Muscle and nervous tissues have a limited capacity to regenerate

33. EXAM FOR TISSUE…….PART 1 Name the picture down below (Classification of Epithelial tissue) 1. 2.

34. EXAM FOR TISSUE…….PART 2 Give at least 2 main types of connective tissue 1. 2.

35. 3 . EXAM FOR TISSUE…….PART 2 Give the 3 types of muscle tissue 1. 2.

36. EXAM FOR TISSUE…….PART 2 Give the 2 different components of the nervous tissue. 1. 2.