THE UNITED NATIONS.pdf

The United Nations is an international organization founded in 1945 after the Second World War by 51 countries committed to maintaining international peace and security, developing friendly relations among nations and promoting social progress, better living standards and human rights.

1. THE UNITED NATIONS

2. Why ‘’United Nations’’ exist?
It emerged out of the travail of the
World War II as a symbol of man’s undismayed
determination to establish for all nations a
rule of law that would forever banish the
terrible arbitrament of war in the solution of
international disputes.

3. Timeline of the Creation of U.N.
•During WW I, League of Nations but later
dissolved on 1946.
•June 12,1941; the British Commonwealth and
some other Government in exile agreed in the
London Declaration.
•August 14,1941; Pres. Franklin D. Roosevelt and
Prime Minister Winstons Churchill signed the
Atlantic Charter.
•January 1, 1942; declaration of United Nations
was signed by 26 countries & later adhered to by
21 others.

4. Timeline of the Creation of U.N.
•October 30, 1943; creation of the Moscow
Declaration.
•December 1943; Tehran Conference
•October 1944; Security Council was conceived
as the key body of UN.
•October 24, 1945; the enforcement of the
United Nations Charter.

5. POP-UP QUESTION
WHAT DO YOU CALL THE SET OF
RULES THAT SERVES AS THE
CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED
NATIONS?
UNITED NATIONS CHARTER!

6. The U.N. Charter
•Is a lengthy document consisting of 111
articles besides the Preamble and the
concluding provisions .
•The charter may be considered a treaty
because it derives its binding force from the
agreement of the parties to it.

7. The Purpose
•To maintain international peace and security.

•To develop friendly relations among nations.

•To achieve international cooperation, and

•To be a center for harmonizing the actions of
nations.

8. Membership
There are two kinds of members in the
United Nations:

The Original and The Elective

9. Membership
•The Original members are those states that
participated in the United Nations Conference
on international organization at San Francisco
or having previously signed the Declaration by
the United Nations of January 1, 1942.

10. Membership
The Elective members are those who applies for
membership in the said organization, the state
must be:
•It must be a state
•It must be Peace-Loving
•It must accept the obligations of the charter
•It must be able to carry out these obligations
•It must be willing to carry out these obligations

11. Organs of the United Nations
•General Assembly
•The Security Council
•The Economic and Social Council
•The Trusteeship Council
•The International Court of Justice
•The Secretariat.

12. General Assembly
•Status quo: there are 193 Member states.
•meets in regular session beginning on the 3
rd

Tuesday of September or in special session at
the call of a majority of its members or at the
request of the Security Council.
•Has 1 vote per each state members.
•Decisions on important questions are taken by
2/3 of those present in voting.

13. The Security Council
• the key organ of the United Nations in
maintenance of international peace and
security.
•15 members of the council:
–5 Permanent Members (USA, UK, RUSSIA,CHINA, FRANCE)
–10 Elective Members- are elected for 2 year terms by Gen. Ass.
•5 members from African and Asian States
•2 members from Latin American States
•2 members from Western European States
•1 members from Eastern European States
(those elective members are not eligible for immediate re-election)

14. The Economic and Social Council
• 54 members by amendments adopted in
1971
•All members are elected by the General
Assembly for 3 year terms and may be re-
elected immediately
•Staggering terms in which 1/3 of the body is
being replace or re-elected every year.

15. The Trusteeship Council
• the organ that assist the Security Council and
General Assembly for the international
trusteeship system.
•Sessions are in accordance with its rules and
special session by the request of a majority of
its members.
•One vote per member at present in every
decision makings.

16. The International Court of Justice
•The Judicial organ of the United Nations.
•Composed of 15 members elected by an absolute
majority of General Assembly and Security
Council.
•Term of 9 years and may be re-elected.
•The Court shall elect President and Vice President
who shall serve for 3 years and may be re-
elected.
•Functions of the Court are to decide contentious
cases and to render advisory opinions.

17. The Secretariat
•The Chief Administrative organ of the United
Nations.
•Headed by a Secretary-General chosen by the
General Assembly upon the recommendation
of the Security Council.
•Term is for 5 years and may be re-elected.
•The highest representation of the United
Nations and is authorized to act in its behalf.