The word ‘Para’ means ‘like’ and therefore, para language is ‘like language’. It is non-verbal because it does not involve use of words. But it is like a verbal communication because it is related to the way words .pdf

kinesics - the art of communication

1. COMMUNICATION SKILLS
1
KINESICS -
Body
Movements
2
PROXEMICS -
Space
3
CHRONEMICS
-Time language
4
HAPTICS -
Touch
5
PARALANGUAGE
NON-VERBAL
COMMUNICATION

2. MEDIA OF COMMUNICATION
Verbal Communication Non Verbal Communication
EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION COMPRISES OF BOTH VERBAL AND NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION.
NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION IS GENERALLY DEFINED AS THE ASPECT OF COMMUNICATION THAT
IS NOT EXPRESSED IN WORDS. IT REFERS TO THE WAYS IN WHICH BEINGS CONVEY INFORMATION
ABOUT THEIR EMOTIONS, NEEDS, INTENTIONS, ATTITUDES, AND THOUGHTS WITHOUT THE USE OF
VERBAL LANGUAGE.

3. KINESICS - Body Movements
PROXEMICS - Space
CHRONEMICS -Time language
HAPTICS - Touch
PARALANGUAGE
NonVerbal Communication consists of:

Nonverbal cues serve important functions in
human social life, including expressing
emotions; conveying interpersonal attitudes
such as friendliness, insult, or dominance;
regulating affect; regulating turn taking
between people in conversation; and
facilitating one's own speech production.
Nonverbal signals are important in many
psychological processes, including
attachment, attraction, social influence,
deception, self-presentation, and
interpersonal self-fulfilling prophecies.

4. WHAT IS KINESICS?
Kinesics is the study of the body’s physical movements. It is the way the body
communicates without words, i.e., through the various movements of its parts.
Some kinesic behaviours are deliberate. For example, you nod your head to
indicate acceptance. While speaking, listening, reading, or writing, we
consciously use words to receive or send ideas.
Why do we use words? Because they are the primary symbolic forms that convey
our thoughts. On paper, words remain static; however, punctuation marks are
used to convey pauses, expressions, emotions, etc. But in face-to-face
communication, the message is conveyed on two levels simultaneously.

5. 1
2
3
4
5
Facial Expressions
Eyes Contact
Gestures
Posture
Appearance
KINESICS

6. 1
Rate
2
Pauses
3
Volume
4
Pitch/Intonation/
Cadence/
Voice Modulation
5
Pronunciation
and
Articulation
THE WORD ‘PARA’ MEANS ‘LIKE’ AND THEREFORE, PARA LANGUAGE IS ‘LIKE LANGUAGE’. IT IS NON-
VERBAL BECAUSE IT DOES NOT INVOLVE USE OF WORDS. BUT IT IS LIKE A VERBAL
COMMUNICATION BECAUSE IT IS RELATED TO THE WAY WORDS ARE SPOKEN.
THEREFORE, PARALANGUAGE IS HOW SOMETHING IS SAID NOT WHAT IS SAID.

7. Rate
Pauses are an essential part of all human
interactions. Therefore, if we do not
pause while we speak in professional
situations, it only makes our speech
appear unnatural and hasty. Pauses lend
credibility to the text of the speech. The
speakers who pause suggest that they
are quite accomplished, poised, and
composed, and are not really worried
about not being able to locate an idea
once they have paused.
Rate refers to the number of words we
utter per minute. When you speak in
professional situations, try to assess
whether you speak too fast or too
slow. Speaking too fast is related to
lack of comfort.
In fact, too slow a pace of your speech
is most likely to cause monotony and
boredom to such an extent that the
audience start feeling sleepy and lose
interest in the speech
VolumePauses
A speaker's volume often decides
how he/she is likely to be received
by the audience. The speaker who
speaks at a low volume is likely to
be seen as someone who lacks
confidence, whereas a speaker
whose volume is too high suggests
his/her boorishness. A speaker who
maintains an inadequate volume
while speaking to others clearly
reflects his/her lack of conviction
of ideas.
Rate

8. Pitch refers to the rise and fall in human voice.
Just like the other aspects of voice, pitch too
plays a crucial role in communicating your
ideas to others. In fact, it is the pitch—the rise
and fall in your voice which can express all the
emotions that are to be conveyed.
Pitch is something that adds colour and Lustre
to your voice and hence plays an important
role in the overall communication process
Pronunciation and Articulation
Pronunciation is all about making sure you
sound clear and are easy to understand.
By using the correct sounds when you speak,
others can quickly understand what you’re
trying to say. If you are great at grammar and
know many different words, good
pronunciation will help others hear and
understand you even more clearly.

Articulation refers to our ability to speak
different sounds distinctly. If we are able to
speak and enunciate different sounds in a
distinct and crisp manner, our articulation is
considered appropriate and impressive. On
the other hand, if we mix or mumble words,
it is regarded as sloppy and inelegant.

Pitch/Intonation/Cadence/Voice Modulation

9. WHAT IS CHRONEMICS?
Chronemics is the study of the use of time in nonverbal communication. The way we
perceive time, structure our time and react to time is a powerful communication tool,
and helps set the stage for the communication process. Across cultures, time
perception plays a large role in the nonverbal communication process. Time
perceptions include punctuality, willingness to wait, and interactions. The use of time
can affect lifestyles, daily agendas, speed of speech, movements and how long
people are willing to listen.

Time can also be used as an indicator of status. For example, the boss in most
companies can interrupt progress to hold an impromptu meeting during the middle
of the work day, yet the average worker would have to make an appointment to see
the boss. The way different cultures perceive time can influence communication as
well. For example, most Americans will schedule a meeting for a specific time such as
2:15 p.m., and expect all involved parties to be punctual at the specified time.

10. TYPES OF CHRONEMIC CULTURES
Cultures are usually put into two time system categories: monochronic and
polychronic.
Monochronic and Polychronic Time
Monochronic and Polychronic time systems are two systems commonly used to refer
time and its influence on society.
Monochronic Time
A monochronic time system means that things are done one at a time and time is
segmented into precise, small units. Under this system time is scheduled, arranged
and managed.
Monochronic Cultures
• Germany
• Canada
• Switzerland
• United States

11. TYPES OF CHRONEMIC CULTURE
Polychronic Time
A polychronic time system is a system where several things can be done at once, and
a more fluid approach is taken to scheduling time. Unlike Americans and most
northern and western European cultures, Latin American and Arabic cultures use the
polychronic system of time.
These cultures are much less focused on the preciseness of accounting for each and
every moment.
Polychronic Cultures
• Saudi Arabia
• Egypt
• Mexico
• Philippines