TheAgronomie_Ecological.powerpointtttt5t

Système ecologic ppt

1. Roger Samson
REAP -Canada
Box 125 Maison Glenaladale
Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada, H9X 3V9
T: [phone]; F: [phone]
W:www.reap-canada.com; E:[email protected]
The Agro-Ecological Village
Development Model:
Experiences in the Philippines,
China and the Gambia

2. REAP-Canada
Helps rural communities in
Canada and developing
countries meet the
challenges of ecologically
sound production of food,
fibre and fuel.
The organization began its
participatory on-farm
research and farmer-to-
farmer training on ecological
farming in Canada in 1986.

3. Agro-Ecological Village (AEV)
Development Project Partnerships
Aim to improve the economic &
social well being of marginalized
farming communities & women,
while also protecting & enhancing
the natural resource base
SNSADP Project, Philippines (1997),
PDG and the MAPISAN Farmers
Alliance
WCAEV Development Project, China
(2002), Ministry of Water Resources,
Peoples Republic of China
GAEV and GEAD Development
Project, Gambia (2003), NATC and
Village AID

4. Agricultural Problems in the
Philippines Extreme weather
Soil erosion and poor
soil fertility
Deforestation and loss of
watersheds
Agrarian land reform
struggles
Monoculture production
systems

5. Agricultural Problems in North
Central China
Severeerosion
Lossofsoilorganicmatter
Overgrazingandexcessiveuseofwood&crop
residuesforhouseholdenergy
Lowrainfallandriskofdrought
Vulnerabilityoftheenvironmenttodesertification
andglobalwarming
Salinization

6. Agricultural Problems
in the Gambia
Agricultural production decreasing due
to deteriorating soil fertility & rainfall
Monoculture production of peanuts
All crop residues are removed
Free ranging goats destroy vegetation
Forest cover has seriously declined

7. Why The Agro-Ecological Village?
A holistic and integrated approach that builds the
social, ecological and technological infrastructure of
communities.
Addresses the challenges of food security and
improving livelihoods by rehabilitating the natural
resource base through ecological farming systems
development & farmer to farmer training.

8. The Agro-Ecological Village
An interdependent community of individual households that
are largely self-reliant through the creation of ecological food,
fiber & energy systems.

9. The Agro-Ecological Village (AEV)
Rural Development Approach
AEV Approach
Emphasizes local self-reliance
through the development of
diversified and ecological
agricultural systems
Empowers farmers through
participatory assessment,
training and research that is
farmer led
Lowers cost of rural
development
Conventional Approach
Focus generally is on expanding
exports of cash crops
Loans used to “fuel” rural
development
Focus is on production with
limited attention to natural
resource issues
Problems identified by outside
experts
Training provided using “top
down” approaches

10. The Agro-Ecological Village
Ecological System
Conventional
System
Food
Supply
Farm production of principal food
crops and vegetables
Imported prepared foods and
animal feeds
Soil tillagePerennial crops, animal draft powerAnnual crops, tractors for
cultivation
Seeds Community seed banking and plant
material improvement
Hybrid seeds, transgenic
GMO seeds
Soil fertilityBiological N fixation, compost,
crop rotation, green manures
Purchased chemical N,P,K
fertilizer
Pests Mechanical weeders, crop rotations,
intercropping, bio-controls, compost
herbicides, insecticides,
fungicides
MarketingHousehold food security & income
crops for local markets
Mainly cash crops for exports

11. Agro-Ecological Village
Development Activities
1. Baseline Data
Gathering & PRA
2. Institution Building
3. Capacity Building
4. Farm Planning and
Development

12. 1. Baseline Data Gathering &
Participatory Rural Appraisal
Assessthecommunitiesstatuswithagro-ecologicaland
socio-economicsurveys
ThroughaParticipatoryRuralAppraisal(PRA),the
communityanalyzes&deepenstheirunderstandingof
theirlocalsituation.
The project team and local villagers
identify causes & possible solutions
to local problems, through PRA
and Participatory Action Planning
(PAP).

13. 2. Institutional Building
Ensure communities are sufficiently well organized before
project activities are initiated
Ground project activities with community leaders &
organizers who facilitate the communities awareness,
understanding and uptake of the project

14. 3. Capacity Building
Farmer to farmer
training network
Ecological
Training Modules
Gender
Development

15. Farmer-to-farmer training
Development of
participatory Farmer
to Farmer Training
network
Selection of first
liners and second
liners
Training of trainers
in farm development
and effective training
techniques
Inclusion of women
as trainers

16. Participatory Training Modules
Training materials need to be customized to local needs
identified through the PRA and through on going
assessments as the trainings evolve.
The process can begin with a basic ecological farming
module including:
Soil Fertility Management
Cropping systems
Weed management
Pest & disease management
Soil & water conservation

17. Sensitize communities
around gender equality
Involve active participation
of both genders in project
activities as trainers and
participants
Increase women's role in
decision making in
communities
Ensure gender issues are
incorporated into all
project activities.
Gender
Development

18. 4. Farm Planning
and Development
Farm planning and
“Learning Farms”
Soil and water
conservation
Food Footprint
Appropriate
Technology

19. Learning Farms
A farm in the community
that is used for education and
farmer led research while
remaining a “working farm.”
They can include:
Adaptability Trials
Crop Improvement
On-farm Demonstrations
Community Seed banks
and tree nurseries
Farmer-led plant
breeding
Livestock Management

20. Adaptability Trials
The testing of new crops or varieties to assess
their adaptability to the environmental and
management conditions on small farms.

21. Crop Improvement
in North Central
China
In the Western China AEV
Project in Gansu
Province, farmers tested a
total of 43 different
varieties of 7 field crops.
They are now scaling up
production of the leading
new varieties.

22. On-Farm Demonstrations
Farmers demonstrate
E.F.S. (Ecological
Farming systems):
Crop Rotations
Green Manures
Multiple Cropping
Composting
Live Fencing

23. Community Seed banks and Tree
Nurseries
Farmers collect and preserve seeds to conserve
genetic diversity
Farmers also learn how to propagate plant
material and develop plant material improvement
programs

24. Farmer-Led Plant
Breeding
Farmers learn how to breed
varieties adapted to their
local environment and
growing conditions.
In the Philippines, one
achievement has been the
development of ECO-RICE
varieties that combine SRI
techniques, Biological Nitrogen
Fixation (BNF) and ratooning.

25. In ecologically devastated areas, free-range livestock
management can cause irreparable damage.
Farmers learn ecological and sustainable methods for:
Benefits of intensive/
semi-intensive
management
Fodder Crop
Production
Animal health and
nutrition
Livestock Management

26. Soil and Water Conservation
Contour farming
Drip Irrigation
Checkdams
Windbreaks

27. Food Footprint
1. Assess the quantity of food consumed
annually and the landbase needed to
produce the households basic foods
2. Diagram seasonal fruits and vegetable
production and identify gaps
3. Discuss opportunities for creating a
healthier diet
4. Identify strategies to maximize efficiency
of land use based on optimizing
production

28. Appropriate
Technology
Farmers need access
to low cost appropriate
tools for developing
their farms
ecologically. REAP has
worked to help support
farmers organizations
manufacture their own
tools.

29. Appropriate Technology
In the PRA process,
communities identify their
most urgent and basic
technological needs.
To help solve the fuelwood
crisis in the Philippines,
REAP developed the Mayon
Turbo stove, a low cost,
advanced combustion rice
hull stove.

30. The AEV model is a logical
evolution for rural
development programming.
It integrates the best
management practices in
rural development with
sustainable knowledge in
ecological farming systems
training and development.
Summary

31. Thank you!