Theories of leadership.ppt, leadership skills

6th semester B.Sc Nursing

2. Leadership is the process of influencing and
supporting others to work enthusiastically towards
achieving objectives.
Leadership refers to the relation between an
individual and group around some common interest
and behaving in a manner directed or determined by
leader.
‖

3. FEATURES OF LEADERSHIP
Leadership is a continuous process of behaviors, it is not
one-shot activity.
Leadership may be in terms of relations between a leader
and his followers which arise out of their functioning for
common goals.
By exercising leadership, the leader tries to influence the
behavior of individuals or group of individuals around
him to achieve common goals.
The followers work willingly and enthusiastically to
achieve these goals.

4. IMPORTANCE OF LEADERSHIP
Motivating employees :Motivation is necessary for work
performance, higher the motivation, better the performance.
A good leader, by exercising his leadership, motivates the
employees for high performance.
Creating confidence :A good leader may create confidence in
his followers by directing them, giving them advice and
getting through them good results in the organization.
Building morale: Morale is expressed as attitude of
employees towards organization, management and voluntary
co-operation to offer their ability to the organization. High
morale leads to high productivity and organization stability.

5. THE QUALITIES OF A LEADER
Managerial abilities
Interpersonal relationships
Temperament(nature of person)
Credibility and forward thinking
Professionalism •
Advocacy

6. MANAGERIAL ABILITIES:
Plans , organizes, makes decisions effectively
encourages cooperation and participation
Assists nurse/subordinates in solving the problems and
provides consistent feed back
Provides rationale for difficult decisions
Assess abilities of the workers , guides them to develop
new skills
Knows her/his job and does it well and has confidence in
self and others
Welcomes different opinions and is more interested in
giving than receiving
Provides the workers with adequate facilities.

7. INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS :
Shows supportive and caring behavior towards
subordinates
Is a good listener and sensitive to others needs
Guides and motivates to act and work together
 Establishes relationships with all types of workers, and
able to work with others harmoniously.

8. TEMPERAMENT : ( NATURE OR
CHARACTER )
Reliable, open, honest and sincere
Shows a sense of humor tactful, friendly and
loyal
Calm and charismatic, modest neat and patient
Positive energetic, hard worker, happy and
enthusiastic
Shows a balance between work and home life or
personal life

9. CREDIBILITY AND FORWARD
THINKING:
Acts as a role model and influences others .
Acts as an activist , challenger , creative thinker , change
agent , innovator, risk taker and courageous .
Acts as a facilitator and solution seeker.

10. PROFESSIONALISM:
Committed to the profession and maintains
confidentiality
Instills hope and pride in the profession
 Stands for rights while considering other‘s
rights( assertive )

11. ADVOCACY:
Acts as an advocate for others specially for
nursing profession and for nursing staff

12. QUALITIES OF LEADERSHIP
Physical trait
Sound health
Good vitality and endurance
Performs duties Satisfactory
Psychological traits
Personal magnetism
Enthusiasm
Ability to inspire
 Co-operation
Tactfulness

13. Traits of Character
 Integrity
Self discipline
 Willingness to accept responsibility
Physical and moral courage
 Humanism

14. PRINCIPLES OF LEADERSHIP
Vision: Leaders have a clear vision of the future and effectively communicate it
to their team, inspiring them to work towards a common goal.
Integrity: Leaders exhibit honesty, ethical behaviour, and consistency, earning
the trust and respect of their team members.
Empowerment: Leaders empower their team members by delegating authority,
fostering growth, and encouraging personal development.
Accountability: Leaders take responsibility for their actions and hold themselves
and their team accountable for achieving goals and meeting expectations.
Communication: Effective communication is key to successful leadership.
Leaders actively listen to their team members, provide feedback, and ensure
everyone is well-informed.
Adaptability: Leaders embrace change and adapt their strategies accordingly.
They are flexible and open-minded, willing to embrace new ideas and
approaches.
Decisiveness: Leaders make informed decisions promptly, considering the
available information and seeking input when necessary. They do not hesitate in
times of uncertainty.
Inclusivity: Leaders value diversity and create an inclusive environment that
welcomes and respects different perspectives, backgrounds, and experiences.
Continuous Learning:

17. THEORIES OF LEADERSHIP: The oldest view of leadership
considered it a birth right. Kings and queens ascended to
thrones because of custom. Kings begot kings and became
king leader. Individuals in formal leadership roles were
accepted without questions. This is similar to the ―great man
theory which states the great leaders are born with the ability
‖
to lead, influence and direct others. Under this perspective
leaders may not be developed, but researcher given a number
of theories to explain leadership and its development. Some of
leadership theories are:-
Great man theory or Charismatic theory
Trait theory
Behavioral theory
Situational theory or Contingency theory
 New theory of leadership
Path –goal theory of leadership

18. Great Man Theory or Charismatic Theory
a leader is born and is not made.
A leader has some charisma which acts as influencer. Charisma
is a Greek word meaning ―Gift. Thus charisma is a god gifted
‖
attribute in a person which make him a leader irrespective of
the situations in which he works.
Charismatic leaders are those who inspired followers and have
major impact on their organization through their personal
vision and energy.
Characteristics of charismatic leaders
Charismatic leaders are having very high power of influencing
others
They have extremely high levels of self confidence, dominance
and ability to convince the followers

19. Trait Theory
Under the influence of the behaviorist psychological thought,
researcher accepted the fact that leadership traits are not completely
inborn can also be acquired through learning and experience.
Ralph M. Stogdill (1974) suggested the trait theory after evaluation
of various traits suggested by the researchers.
Trait is defined as ―relatively enduring quality of an individual.
Various trait theories have suggested these traits in a successful
leader .
‖
Physical and constitutional factors (Height, Weight, Physique,
Energy, Health, Appearance)
 Intelligence
Self confidence
Sociability
 Will and Dominance
The current research on leadership traits suggests that some factors
do help differentiate leaders from non-leaders. Various traits that
needed for leadership can be classified into innate and acquirable
traits.

20. BEHAVIORAL THEORY
Leader ship shown by a person‘s acts more that by his traits.
For a leader to operate effectively, groups need some one to
perform two major functions
Task related functions: It is problem solving functions
related to providing solution to the problems faced by the
group, in performing jobs and activities.
 Group related functions: It is also called as social functions,
related to actions of mediating disputes and ensuring that
individuals feel valued by the group.
An individual who is able to perform both roles successfully
would be an effective leader.

21. SITUATIONAL THEORY
Situational leadership theory also known as contingency
theory given by Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard was first time
applied in 1920 in the armed forces of Germany with the
objectives to get good generals under different situations.
The prime attention in situational theory of leadership is given
to the situations in which leadership is exercised. There for,
effectiveness of leadership will be affected by the factors
associated with the leader and factors associated with the
situation.
The various factors affecting leadership effectiveness may be
broadly be classified into two major categories: Leader‘s
behavior and situational factors. The combination of these
factors determines leadership effectiveness.

22. PATH-GOAL THEORY
This theory of leadership suggesting that the primary
function‘s of a leader are to make valued or desired reward‘s
available in the workplace and to clarify for the subordinate
the kind‘s of behavior that will lead to those reward‘s that is
leader should clarify the path‘s to goal attainment.