Theories of Motivation

In this presentation I have highlighted two theories of Motivation

1. THEORIES OF MOTIVATION
Presented by: Mr. V.M.Gaware
Assistant Professor
PRES’s College of Pharmacy (For Women)
Chincholi Nashik

3. Motivationreferstoforceswithinan
individualthataccountforthelevel,
direction,andpersistenceofeffort
expendedatwork.
•Direction:anindividual’schoice
whenpresentedwithanumberof
possiblealternatives.
•Level:theamountofefforta
personputsforth.
•Persistence:thelengthoftimea
personstayswithagivenaction.

4. THEORIES OF MOTIVATION
MASLOW’S THEORY OF MOTIVATION
HERZBERGS TWO FACTORY THEORY

5. MASLOW’S THEORY OF
MOTIVATION
Pioneeringworkinthefieldof
motivationwasdoneby
AbrahamMaslow(1908-1970).
HewasAmericanPsychologist
&triedtoexplainmotivationon
thebasisofneedsofan
individual.
Someofthisneedsaresatisfied
&someofthemareunsatisfied.

6. If the needs are satisfied we are
not motivated to act.
On other hand if needs are
unsatisfied we are motivated to
act so that the needs get satisfied.

7. •AccordingtoMaslowhumanneedscanbeclassifiedinto
fivebasictypes:
1.Physiologicalneeds
2.Securityneeds
3.Socialneeds
4.Egoisticoresteemneeds
5.Self-fulfillmentneeds.
•AccordingtoMaslowonlyaftersatisfyinglowerneedsa
personmakesattempttosatisfyhigherlevelneeds.

9. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
PHYSIOLOGICAL OR SURVIVAL NEEDS
•Alsocalledasbasicneeds.
•Theyariseduetothephysiologyoflifee.g.
food,water,air,clothing
•Thefirstpriorityofanyindividualisto
satisfytheseneeds.
•Onlyaftertheseneedsaresatisfiedan
individualtriestofulfillhigherneeds

10. SAFETY NEEDS
•Thisissecondlevelofneedswhen
Physiologicalneedsarereasonably
satisfied,safetyneedsbecomeimportant.
•Themostimportantissecurityfrom
physicaldangerslikefire,accidentetc.
•Thesecondimportantissecurityofjob
whichensurescontinuityofincome.

11. LOVE, AFFECTION, AND
BELONGINGNESS NEEDS
Manissocialanimalafterhisphysiologicalneeds&safety
needsaresatisfiedmantriestosatisfyhissocialneeds.

12. ESTEEM NEEDS
Apersonhasaneedforthefeelingsofself-esteem,self
confidence,prestigeandpower.

13. SELF-
ACTUALIZATION
NEED
FOR
•Theseareneedsforrealizingone’spotential.
•Thereisdesireforbecomingwhatoneiscapableof
becomingamusicianmustmakemusic,anartistmust
paint,thepoetmustwriteifhehastoachieve
satisfaction.

14. PHYSIOLOGICAL OR SURVIVAL NEEDS
SAFETY NEEDS
LOVE, AFFECTION, AND
BELONGINGNESS NEEDS
ESTEEM NEEDS
SELF-
ACTUALIZATION
NEED

15. but we can nearly all
do more than we
think we can
Nobody can do
everything,

16. MERTIS:
1.Thetheoryhelpstoexplainwhyone
canbehavedifferentlyfromanother.
2.Thetheoryextendstoallareasof
man’slifeinsteadofbeinglimitedto
worksituationsonly.
3.Thetheoryisusefultoteacher,
ministerandisapplicableinallphases
oflife.

17. 4.This theory gives an insight into history
and future trends.
5.The theory points out the fact which is
ignored in the conventional approach to
management of people i.e. a satisfied
need is not motivator of behavior.

18. DEMERITS:
1.Thehierarchyofbasicneedsisnot
alwaysfixed.Theorderinwhichthe
needsbecomestrongerisnotrigid.
2.Differentpeoplecanhavedifferent
order;e.gincaseofcreativepeople
likesinger,painters,etctheirself
actualizationsneedsmaybecome
dominantmotivatingforceeven
beforetheirlowerorderneedsare
satisfied.

19. 4.Itisverydifficulttoknowabout
needsandmotivesofanindividual
fromanalysisofhisbehavior.
Analysisofbehavioriscomplex
becoztheperson’sbehaviorisalways
motivatedbymultiplefactors.
5.Thetheoryisalmostanon-testable
theory.Verylimitedresearchhas
beencarriedouttotestit.

20. HERZBERG'STWOFACTORTHEORY
•Thistheorydealsmorespecificallywith
workmotivation.
•FredrickHerzberg’sandhisassociates
interviewed200engineersand
accountants.
•Theyaskedthemthetimewhenthefelt
goodandtimewhentheyfeltbadabout
theirjob.
•Theywerealsotoldtodescribethefactors
thatledtotheirparticularfeelings.

21. •Basedonhisresearchhe
formulatedhistwofactortheory.
•Hefoundthatpeoplearenot
satisfiedifcertainfactorsare
absent.
•Hetermedthisfactorsas
hygieneormaintenancefactors.
•Iftheseneedsareabsentthen
thepeoplefeeldissatisfied.

22. •Thesefactorsare;
1.Faircompanypoliciesandadministration.
2.Asupervisorwhoknowsthework.
3.Agoodrelationshipwithsupervisor.
4.Agoodrelationshipwithcolleagues.
5.Agoodrelationshipwithsubordinates.
6.Afairsalary
7.Jobsecurity
8.Personallife
9.Goodworkingcondition.
10.Status.

23. •According to Herzberg’s the absence of these job factors
tends to make worker dissatisfied.
•However the presence of these factors in themselves does not
produce high levels of motivation.
•They merely avoid dissatisfaction and problem it creates like
absenteeism, low turn over etc.
•To build high level of motivation a different set of factor is
necessary.
•These factors are called “ Motivators”.

24. •If these motivators are not present they do not
lead to dissatisfaction.
•Their presence is however necessary for
motivation.
•These are:
1.Opportunity to accomplished something
significant.
2.Recognition for significant accomplishment.
3.A chance for advancement.
4.Opportunity to grow and develop on job.
5.A chance for increased responsibility.
6.The job itself.

25. •Henotedthatthesetwosetsoffactorsareunidirectionali.e.
theireffectcanbeseeninonedirectiononly.
•ThesefactorsarenothingbutextensionofMaslow'stheory.
•Themaintenancefactorsareidenticalwithlowerlevelsof
needsi.e.physiological,securityandsocialneeds.
•Themotivatorsareidenticalwithesteemandselfactualization
need.
•Hestatesthatthejobfactordependsuponthepersonalityof
theindividual.

26. •The personality of individual can be of two types:
1.Motivationseeker:Hightoleranceforpoorenvironmental
factors.
2.Maintenanceseeker:Isalwaysconcernedbythenatureofhis
environmentandalwaysavoidmotivationopportunities.

27. MERITS:
1.Itisdirectlyrelatedtoworkcondition.
2.Motivationisrelatedwithsatisfactionofhigherneedwhichis
nothingbutjobsatisfaction.
DEMRITS:
1.Thetheoryisbasedonasampleof200peopleswhichis
inadequate.
2.Motivationfactorandmaintenancefactorisnotalways
unidirectionalintheirinfluencei.e.manytimeevenmaintenance
factoractsasmotivatingfactorandviceversa.