Theories on the Origin of the Universe.pptx

Origin of the Universe

1. THEORIES on the origin of the universe Lesson 1.1

2. Humans use: Religion Traditions Philosophy ; and science

3. God separated L ight from darkness, C reated the sky, L and, S ea, M oon, Stars; and every living creature in a span of six days GEnesis

4. RIGVEDA Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. It described the universe as a cyclical or oscillating universe in which a “cosmic egg” or Brahmanda, which contains the whole universe : Sun Moon planets

5. GREEK PHILOSOPHERS

6. Primordial universe Anaxagoras believed that the original state of the cosmos was a primordial mixture of all of its ingredients, which existed in infinitesimally small fragments of themselves.

7. ATOMIC UNIVERSE Leucippus and Democritus T hey held that universe was composed of very small, indivisible and indestructible atoms . All of reality and all the objects in the universe are composed of different arrangements of these eternal atoms and an infinite void in which they form different combinations and shapes.

8. STOIC PHILOSOPHERS They believe universe is like a giant living body, with the sun and the stars as the most important parts.

9. Geocentric Universe ARISTOTLE AND PTOLEMY Earth stayed motionless in the heavens and everything was revolving around it.

10. Theory of heliocentrism NICOLAUS COPERNICUS Sun at the center of the Universe, motionless , with Earth and the other planets orbiting around it in circular paths , modified by epicycles, and at uniform speeds.

11. Giordano Bruno An Italian Philosopher, suggested that even the Solar System is not at the Center of the Universe- --just another star system among an infinite multitude of others.

12. Sir Isaac Newton Described universe as a static, steady-state, infinite universe Matter is uniformly distributed Universe is gravitationally balanced but essentially unstable.

13. RENE DESCARTES Cartesion Vortex Model The vacuum of space was not empty , but filled with matter that swirled around in large and small vortices .

14. Albert einstein Universe was static, dynamically-stable which was neither expanding nor contracting

15. Edwin hubble He showed that the universe was not static

16. Modern theories on the origin of the universe

17. Bigbang theory The universe as expanding, originated from an infinitely tiny, infinitely dense point around 14 billion years ago. It was a violent explosion which caused the inflation and expansion of the universe The universe was extremely hot that matter could not exist . In a fraction of a second, four fundamental forces were formed: Gravity (attraction between bodies) Electromagnetic force (binds atoms into molecules) Strong nuclear force (binds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus); and Weak nuclear force (breaks down an atom’s nucleus and produces radioactive decay)

18. Bigbang theory Formulated by Abbe Georges Edouard Lemaître (1894-1966)

19. Oscillating universe Albert Einstein’s favored model after rejecting his own original model. The oscillating universe followed the general theory of relativity equations of the universe with positive curvature.

20. inflationary universe American physicist Alan Guth proposed a model based on big bang. He incorporated a short early period of exponential cosmic inflation in order to solve the uncertainties of the standard big bang model, such as horizon and flatness problems.

21. multiverse Russian-American physicist Andrei Linde developed this concept . This theory sees the universe as just one of many “bubbles” that grew as part of multiverse

22. Thank you very much!